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McLeod, Jen. "Better relationships for better learning : schools addressing Maori achievement through partnership : research thesis submitted as partial fulfillment of a Masters degree in Education at Te Uru Maraurau, Massey University College of Education, Palmerston North." Massey University, 2002. http://hdl.handle.net/10179/991.
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This thesis examines the policy document Better Relationships for Better Learning: Guidelines for Boards of Trustees and Schools on Engaging with Mäori Parents, Whanau, and Communities (Ministry of Education, 2000a). The thesis is concerned with an examination and analysis of the Ministry of Education’s policy Better Relationships for Better Learning document and its implementation as evidenced by a case study school. The thesis demonstrates that while Government policy may intend to benefit Maori, the outcomes do not necessarily do so. It is argued that neither Government nor schools, as agents of the state, are neutral bodies but in large part reflect the influence of the majority over the provision of education for Maori. The claim for school/Maori partnerships made in the policy Better Relationships for Better Learning ignores the founding partnership envisaged through the Treaty of Waitangi. Maori participation as partners in negotiating the terms of the relationship with the school is ignored. This thesis examines the function of those relationships in terms of ‘Better Learning’, investigating the developments and practices in schools for Maori children’s learning.
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Björklund, Fanny, and Maria Bramfors. "An architectural perspective on schools in the Philippines : A research into the importance of a classroom’s physical environment and possible improvements for a better learning environment." Thesis, Linnéuniversitetet, Institutionen för byggteknik (BY), 2016. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:lnu:diva-53756.
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The physical environment in schools is an important factor that benefits the educational quality and has an essential role in the student's learning process. In the Philippines the physical environment is underdeveloped in the schools, since the main focus is on developing a basic foundation and on making sure that every child can go to school. This thesis studied the classrooms' physical environment in three selected schools in the Philippines. It presents improvements of the classroom’s physical environment. This study can be used as indicative guidelines when designing classrooms in the Philippines. This study is supported by the Minor Field Study scholarship, founded by SIDA.
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Adelakun, Sariat Ajibola. "An exploration and development of teaching resources to better include students with visual impairment in science and mathematics classes in South-Western Nigeria : an action research study." Thesis, University of Birmingham, 2017. http://etheses.bham.ac.uk//id/eprint/7544/.
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The study was concerned with access to science and mathematics curricula by students with visual impairment (SVI) in South-Western Nigeria. The main study adopted an action research approach. Six initial stakeholder ‘search conferences’ were organised to understand the nature and extent of the problem. They revealed evidence of inadequate accessibility to science and mathematics education by SVI due to unavailable resources and personnel. This led to the development of teaching resources and approaches (‘STEM Kit’ and the use of ‘Talking LabQuest’) and the trialling of these approaches in two selected study schools. Data were collected through classroom observation and teacher and student interviews. Findings show that the approaches enabled access of SVI to science and mathematics at a comparable level with their sighted peers, which brought about immersion in, and engagement with learning. With the multisensory teaching resources, SVI and classroom sighted teachers learn and teach with reduced specialist teacher involvement. The intervention positively challenged local views and practice regarding curriculum access and SVI and offers examples for improved provision of relevant resources and training for staff to better support SVI independence and inclusion. This study showcases the uniqueness of action research in empowering all participants to bring about change.
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Gill, W. Chris. "Public Schools and the Media: Recommendations for Building a Better Partnership." Youngstown State University / OhioLINK, 2015. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ysu1432894726.
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Timmers, Kendell M. (Kendell MacQueen) 1978. "Learning together better : the structured design of learning teams." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/17729.
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Thesis (S.M.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Sloan School of Management, Operations Research Center, 2004.Includes bibliographical references (p. 105-110).
There is a great need among educators for a way to quickly assign teams in large or distance learning classrooms in a manner superior to random assignment or student self-selection. Forming teams based on knowledge of students' characteristics is too time-consuming for large classrooms, yet research has shown that the characteristics of individuals greatly affect the quality of the teamwork experience. This thesis provides an automated method to quickly assign students to teams based on individual characteristics. We begin with a thorough review of the literature on how individuals' characteristics affect team behavior, focusing on the level of diversity of four main classes of traits - knowledge/skills/abilities, demographics, personality, and motivation. By forming teams that have diversity on some of these traits and homogeneity on others, we will be able to improve performance over randomly assigned teams. We frame this problem from a group dynamics perspective, measuring the compatibility of every dyad of students within a team. We propose, for several group environments, which traits should be homogeneous and which heterogeneous, and how important each trait is, and use these values to create an equation for a student compatibility score, a number representing how well a pair of students will work together. We then simulate team assignment to determine which of several heuristics is most efficient. A combination of random generation and pairwise exchange is found to be the best, forming teams with average compatibilities 307% higher than the average randomly generated team. The code for this program is included in the appendices.
(cont.) Additionally, we perform a classroom experiment in which sections of a class are divided into teams by three different methods - random assignment, intuition, and the method devised above. Although the experimental design was flawed, the results were encouraging, demonstrating that average student compatibility on a team was significantly positively associated with both the resulting team grade and the students' perception of how much they learned about teamwork. For a more detailed executive summary of this work, please see the Structure of the Thesis section on page 16.
by Kendell M. Timmers.
S.M.
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Bounyasone, Keophouthong, and Ngouay Keosada. "Cultivating educational research in Lao PDR : For a better future?" Doctoral thesis, Umeå universitet, Pedagogiska institutionen, 2011. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-42905.
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This thesis looks at the introduction of educational action research as part of the national education reforms in Lao PDR. National policies on education emphasise concepts such as ‘education for all’ and ‘student-centred education’ taken from the globalised education reform agenda. Action research became a tool to implement the new pedagogy of student-centred education that was labelled ‘the five-pointed star’. The thesis contributes to the field of global policy studies. It combines global and contextual aspects in order to analyse how action research travelled from policy to practice. This process was part of a Lao national education reform that developed after the introduction of the new economic mechanism, when the previous socialist planned-economy system was replaced by a globalised market-oriented system. Data were collected from national policy documents, international donor documents, instructional material, and interviews with Lao educators involved with action research in different ways. Furthermore, we carried out action research as part of our own teaching duties in Lao PDR, which were subsequently documented and analysed. In this study of educational reform in Lao PDR we have found that an educational approach like action research that is introduced as part of a taken-for-granted global agenda of change, is reduced to a technical rationality and practices that resemble previous experiences. Our findings are explained from the theoretical perspectives of hidden policy ensembles and policy backlashes. Hidden policy ensembles reduce action research to a technical rationality due to their alien cultural and social connections that are not brought into the open at the reform arena. Policy backlashes become a way for practitioners to create meaning based on previous contextual practices, conceptions, and discourses as a consequence of the technical rationality created by the hidden policy ensembles and the use of the cascade model. The thesis concludes with an outline of a possible future educational development in the form of a critical and educative action research network in Lao PDR that is inspired by cross-cultural dialogue, a critical pedagogy of place, and our own action research experiences.
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Murrell, Isa. "Developing a Human Cytomegalovirus strain for better in vitro research." Thesis, Cardiff University, 2014. http://orca.cf.ac.uk/70849/.
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Investigations into Human Cytomegalovirus (HCMV) pathogenesis should be based on strains that closely reflect the causative agent of disease, however HCMV invariably mutates in vitro, generating phenotypically distinct laboratory-adapted strains. In particular, mutations are selected in the HCMV genome UL128 locus (UL128L) that encodes sub-units of a virion envelope pentameric complex that impedes virus propagation in fibroblasts (the cell type most commonly used in vitro), but is required for infection of several naturally targeted cell-types (e.g. epithelial, endothelial, and myeloid cells). Addressing this issue, the genome of wildtype HCMV strain Merlin was cloned as a stable bacterial artificial chromosome (BAC), however similarly to clinical isolates, viruses reconstituted from the Merlin-BAC grow poorly and are prone to de novo mutation in cell culture. Direct comparison to viruses from the Merlin-BAC revealed that viruses from the BACcloned versions of strains TR (TR-BAC), TB40E (TB40-BAC4) and VR1814 (FIX-BAC) could be propagated more efficiently in fibroblasts, despite containing intact UL128L ORFs. Unique nucleotide variations identified in TB40-BAC4 and FIX-BAC UL128L ORFs were transferred into the Merlin-BAC, generating variants that produced greater titres of cell-free virus following reconstitution. Virions from these novel Merlin variants displayed reduced pentameric complex content, but remained able to infect epithelial cells, albeit with slightly compromised efficiency. The greater fitness of viruses from these novel Merlin-BAC variants alleviated the selective pressures for the selection of de novo UL128L mutations in fibroblasts. The Merlin virion proteome was determined, with up to 30 novel components identified to provide a more comprehensive picture of wildtype HCMV virion composition. Comparison of virions from several Merlin variants demonstrated that varying pentameric complex content impacted the incorporation of other components, however virions from the novel Merlin variants produced in this work closely matched those from the parental Merlin variant containing wildtype UL128L ORFs. Thus, the novel Merlin-BAC variants produced in this work represent valuable reagents for future HCMV research.
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Boyle, Jon. "Working "Faster, Better, Cheaper": A Federal Research Agency in Transition." Diss., Virginia Tech, 2002. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/28231.
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This research study explored the theoretical underpinnings of implementing government reform in the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA), specifically focusing on a management philosophy called Faster, Better, Cheaper (FBC). It is situated within the broader context of Government reform efforts that attempt to increase the efficiency and effectiveness of government organizations in their delivery of products and services to the public.
This study employed the Grounded Theory qualitative research methodology that concentrates on a central phenomenon and generates a theory from a category or construct-oriented approach. The objective is to generate a substantive-level theory that describes the practice of FBC within NASA and is grounded in the data collected from the organization. The following research questions guided this study:
1.What is the meaning of Faster, Better, Cheaper for Public Professionals in the NASA organizational environment?
2.What are the interrelationships between concepts of faster, better, and cheaper?
3.How does the technical and cultural structure of NASA influence the implementation of Faster, Better, Cheaper?
4.What are the required workforce capabilities to perform Faster, Better, Cheaper in NASA?
The theoretical sample for this study consisted of interviews scheduled with NASA personnel involved in Faster, Better, Cheaper projects. NASA documents and reports were analyzed to saturate the initial 29 provisional categories. A representation of the phenomenon of FBC was developed following the data analysis, including causal conditions, strategies, environmental conditions and context, and consequences. Several findings addressed the meaning of FBC, the interrelationships between the concepts, the impact of organizational infrastructure, and required workforce capabilities. Topics for future research are the nature of risk in public organizations, tools for aligning and measuring public policy alignment and implementation, leadership of public sector teams, and generalizing the findings to other organizations.Ph. D.
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Burnett, Jason K. "Building a Better Briton: Parliament's Push for State-Funded Secondary Schools, 1901-1903." ScholarWorks@UNO, 2000. http://scholarworks.uno.edu/td/2120.
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The first three years of the twentieth century were a crucial time in the development of state-funded education in England. The rising tide of Germanophobia in the wake of the South African War impressed Conservative politicians with the need to improve England's educational system in order that she remain competitive in the world. With the aid of a very few Liberal imperialists, the Conservatives were able to shepherd through a series of bills which established state funded secondary schools throughout all of England, an expansion on the system created by the Education Act of 1870 in terms of both curriculum and breadth of jurisdiction.
The Liberals opposed much of this legislation based on their allegiance to their nonconformist constituents, who viewed the expanse of state-funded schools as a threat to their voluntary schools and as an attempt to enforce Anglican uniformity. The fact that these MPs opposed these bills, and later modified them greatly when Liberal, and later Labour, governments came to power in the decade immediately preceding the first World War, should in no way diminish the importance of these pieces of Conservative legislation.
This essay fits into the historiography of its topic in that it provides a detailed examination of debates which have often been overlooked due to historians' emphasis on the later Liberal legislation.
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Bjarnason, Sigurjon. "Towards Better Schools in Iceland. A divice for Evaluating School Activity in Iceland." Thesis, Malmö högskola, Lärarutbildningen (LUT), 2006. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:mau:diva-27951.
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In this research project, that was carried out in Iceland, an attempt is made to construct and develop a questionnaire administrators can use as a “device” to shed light on and evaluate certain aspects of the administration in their school. The research is based upon a quantitative method that was chosen in order to secure a maximally objective approach of those who carry out the evaluation. The enactment of the Compulsory School Act from 1995 significantly increased the independence of principals. Likewise, the wage agreements 2001-2004 and 2004-2007 extended the scope of administration within the schools. The Act granted principals the warranty and opportunity to enhance the uptrend in school activity. This thesis is part of that uptrend. Theories and concepts put forth and developed by Bert Stålhammar and Tomas J. Sergiovanni concerning the role of the principal were a point of reference in the choice of questions in the questionnaire. Four schools were chosen to participate in the research. All the principals answered the questionnaire, one female and three males. The total number of respondents among the teachers of the four schools was 103. The methodology used to verify the reliability of the questionnaire is a statistically reliable measure and an effective instrument to gather extensive information and with the aid of statistics and a good software program it is easy to present it in an explicit manner. The information contained in this thesis may be used in various ways, e.g. the direct statistical findings of the questions and the comparison of the findings for teachers and the principal (frequency tables, cf. the report of the schools). But it may also be viewed as a manual for those who intend to pose this questionnaire in their school or another comparable one and how the findings of such a questionnaire should be read and interpreted. Principals of other schools do not need to carry out the factor analysis but can utilize the findings of this survey, i.e. the 25 questions that came under the five factors (F1-Interaction with the principal, F2-The policy regarding teaching and pedagogy, F3-Collaboration and flow of information, F4-Praise to teachers and pupils and F5-Teachers’ professionalism).
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Gose, Daris A. "The Development of the Better Schools Program in Tennessee From 1981 to 1986." Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 1994. https://dc.etsu.edu/etd/2687.
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The purpose of this study was to investigate the origin, development, and implementation of the Better Schools Program in Tennessee. Materials were gathered from East Tennessee State University Library, University of Tennessee Library, Walters State Community College Library, Belmont University Library, Tennessee State Library and Archives and Morristown-Hamblen County Library. These materials consisted of government documents, presidential and gubernatorial speeches, audio and video tapes, books, and periodicals. Personal interviews were also collected from two TEA members and seven legislators. The materials were analyzed, and important passages were marked, incorporated into the paper, and documented. The research questions were (1) What prompted the instigation of the Better Schools Program? (2) Who was instrumental in establishing the Better Schools Program? (3) What areas of education were affected by the Better Schools Program? (4) Who were the proponents and opponents of the Better Schools Program? and (5) How did the Better Schools Program's ten points translate into statutes or regulations in Tennessee? The research reached three conclusions based on an analysis of the materials. It was determined that Governor Alexander's political philosophy closely coincided with those concepts held by the Better Schools Program. Despite the opposition from TEA, the Governor and his cabinet were able to solicit enough support from politicians, educators, business people, the media, and the public to enact their policies into laws governing Tennessee's educational system. The reform movement terminated in four acts: the unnamed act whereby vocational-technical schools were placed under the Board of Regents, the Public Education Governance Reform Act of 1984, the Comprehensive Education Reform Act of 1984, and the Revised CERA of 1985.
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Kashou, Nasser Hussam. "DEVELOPMENT OF FUNCTIONAL STUDIES AND METHODS TO BETTER UNDERSTAND VISUAL FUNCTION." The Ohio State University, 2008. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1212002434.
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Griffiths, Mark. "Research towards a better future : neoliberalism, global citizenship and international volunteering." Thesis, King's College London (University of London), 2014. http://kclpure.kcl.ac.uk/portal/en/theses/research-towards-a-better-future(fc7114bd-f11d-4d47-bbf1-fb2c6ebaff7f).html.
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This thesis discusses the British government’s construction of global citizenship on its recently launched (2011) International Citizen Service (ICS) programme that sends volunteers abroad to work on international development projects. The thesis has two objectives. The first is to understand global citizenship on the ICS programme as it takes shape in a climate of neoliberal policy making. The second is to produce a piece of ‘socially engaged’ research that looks towards a better future. The thesis unfolds as an account of global citizenship as it is produced through the discursive rationalities and circulated affects that have come to define contemporary modes of neoliberal governance. This part of the discussion argues that through ICS the government constructs a markedly neoliberalised version of global citizenship, based on “soft” understandings of development and a heavy emphasis on self-advancement. The inquiry then moves on to consider research performances and how best to conceptualise the relationship between power and people. The case is made that power-centric accounts can reinforce the dominance of power and consequently ‘a better future’ in research might explore the aspects of social life that do not defer to expressions of power. Taking this position to ethnographic data collected from ICS project sites in India the thesis then examines the ways that volunteers contest, subvert and resist the government’s version of global citizenship. As a response to the earlier exploration of rationalities and affects, the presentation of the data illustrates the ways that volunteers on the one hand critically engage with development issues while on the other establish strong affective relationships with host communities. Together, these perspectives show volunteers capable of resisting neoliberal iterations of global citizenship. Instead, the volunteers on the ICS programme practice creative and affective interpretations of global citizenship that, in important ways, transcend the impositions of power and, in so doing, look towards a better future.
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McGinley, Susan. "Better Parasitic Wasps for Biological Control: Bacterial Symbionts Make a Difference." College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, University of Arizona (Tucson, AZ), 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/622173.
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Littlefield, Joanne. "Monitoring Rangelands in Arizona: Method Assesses Changes Over Time for Better Management." College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, University of Arizona (Tucson, AZ), 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/622130.
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Fiske, Elliot. "Polycommit: Building Better Habits Through Gamification." DigitalCommons@CalPoly, 2018. https://digitalcommons.calpoly.edu/theses/1929.
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Computer-assisted learning is older than Turing machines, and constantly evolves as technology improves. While some teachers are resistant to using technology in the classroom, “e-learning” techniques are becoming more common in almost every school, from K-12 to universities. As technology becomes more widespread, it becomes crucial to examine the various methodologies of computer-assisted learning and find the techniques that are most effective.
This paper explores the effectiveness of one such methodology, spaced repetition. This technique applies to homework assignments available to students online. We include an exploration of several existing apps that use this technique, and introduce our own novel app, Polycommit. Polycommit was developed for use with several Cal Poly classes and was deployed during the first half of the Spring 2017 quarter. With careful attention to user feedback, we created a tool that motivated students to form better study habits. While our results do not show statistically significant improvement to student grades, this tool gives insight into how modern technology and gamification can be leveraged to create an engaging app that encourages positive study habits, and gives us a platform to develop future applications concerning gamification.
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Deahl, Erica (Erica Sachiyo). "Better the data you know : developing youth data literacy in schools and informal learning environments." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/89958.
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Thesis: S.M., Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Department of Comparative Media Studies, 2014.Cataloged from PDF version of thesis.
Includes bibliographical references (pages 115-119).
We live in an era of unprecedented growth in the use and impact of data. While large institutions are using data about individuals to drive decision-making, small organizations and civic hackers are using open and public data to innovate for social good. Meanwhile, the educational and informational resources to enable individuals to understand this data remain scarce. Individuals and communities are often unaware of the data being collected about them, the data they are contributing, and the ways in which that data is being used. Although the Open Data movement has given some individuals a new opportunity to interface with data directly, the public at large lacks the skills and knowledge to take advantage of this opportunity. This thesis argues that we need to support the public - especially youth - in developing data literacy, so that they are equipped to think critically and ethically about data. I make this case in four ways. First, I contextualize the need for data literacy by describing the historical evolution of institutional data collection practices, contemporary uses of data that have had a profound impact on institutions and individuals, and the potentially problematic consequences of data modeling. Second, I propose a definition of "data literacy," situate the concept within the landscape of new media literacies, and describe settings, methodologies, and tools that can be used to support it. Third, I analyze two data literacy initiatives that enable youth to use data to investigate and address real-world issues: one in an informal learning environment, Young Rewired State's Festival of Code, and the other in a public school, City Digits: Local Lotto. Fourth, I analyze the challenges facing data literacy initiatives - from the constraints of the public school environment, to the challenges of reaching diverse audiences and supporting open-ended learning. I propose three design principles to guide researchers, educators, and practitioners in shaping future data literacy initiatives.
by Erica Deahl.
S.M.
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Rossiter, Rowena Jane. "Research to practice and people with learning disabilities : better services (1971) to transforming care (2012) : 40 years on, are services any better?" Thesis, Manchester Metropolitan University, 2014. http://e-space.mmu.ac.uk/774/.
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The aim of this thesis is to present and critique practice and service development for people with learning disabilities across an extended time-period framed by two key events; the 1971 White Paper Better Services for the Mentally Handicapped and the BBC's 2011 Panorama Undercover Care: The Abuse Exposed which led to Transforming Care (DH, 2012). It does this through presentation of ten publications which demonstrate the application of psychology to the care of, and services for, people with learning disabilities in their policy and research context. A synthesis and critical analysis is developed and presented on the thesis 'Research to practice and people with learning disabilities: Better Services (1971) to Transforming Care (2012) - 40 years on, are services any better?'. The thesis demonstrates a range of applications of psychology through a range of staff with a range of people with learning disabilities in a range of settings. It critiques the theory, practice, methodology and policy described in the publications through the lens in which they were developed. The critique is then expanded and updated through the lens of current theory, practice and policy. It considers the conceptual and methodological development of my research, and builds on and extends my research findings with broader evidence including social and organisational factors. The thesis demonstrates how the findings of the studies impact on practice and contribute to the evidence base. It also demonstrates how progress to implement research and policy in practice has been slow and identifies organisational and social factors in supporting, or acting as barriers to, high quality services. It links some of the issues identified to other current key care agendas such as the Francis Report (2013). Implications and recommendations are identified and include greater attention to organisational and social factors in achieving more effective research to practice.
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TALIPU, ABUDUKAIYOUMU. "Research and development of a remote usability testing platform for better user experience." Doctoral thesis, Università Politecnica delle Marche, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/11566/290189.
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Oggigiorno smartphone e laptop equipaggiati con telecamere sono diventati una parte integrante della nostra vita quotidiana. L'uso diffuso di telecamere permette di raccogliere un grande quantitativo di dati, che può essere facilmente ricavato da operazioni di image processing. Questo porta alla possibilità di usare tecnologie che fino ad ora erano rimaste confinate nei laboratori; tecniche come il tracciamento dello sguardo (gaze tracking) o sistemi automatici di riconoscimento delle emozioni (emotion recognition) possono essere usati per analizzare il comportamento degli utenti durante le loro interazioni con i siti web.
Implementando tecniche di deep learning si possono allenare reti neurali convoluzionali per rilevare volti, analizzare espressioni facciali e direzione dello sguardo in modo da ottenere modelli impiegabili per testare l'usabilità di determinati servizi remoti (remote usability testing).
La presente tesi studia i metodi tradizionali e moderni per lo studio dell'usabilità, e propone una piattaforma per lo studio della Usability test a distanza basata sui più moderni metodi di deep learning.
Il processo di sviluppo di una piattaforma a basso costo, l'allenamento dei modelli di deep learning, la costruzione di un dataset per il tracciamento dello sguardo, sono tutti aspetti analizzati in dettaglio insieme alla valutazione della piattaforma stessa in base alla realizzazione di un caso di studio.
Vengono esplorati, inoltre, alcuni aspetti dell'esperienza utente che potrebbero aiutare nel valutarne l'esperienza, viene analizzato il coivolgimento degli utenti stessi, ed infine, viene descritto lo sviluppo di una dashboard per la visione dei dati raccolti, aggregati ed analizzati.
I dati ottenuti usando la piattaforma per il testing dell'usabilità risultano particolarmente importanti sia per ottenere dettagli rilevanti sugli utenti che usano il sistema ed il loro livello di coinvolgimento, sia per valutare l'usabilità del sistema stesso in termini di efficacia, efficienza e soddisfazione.Nowadays smartphones and laptops equipped with cameras have become an integral part of our daily lives. The pervasive use of cameras enables the collection of an enormous amount of data, which can be easily extracted through video images processing. This opens up the possibility of using technologies that until now had been restricted to laboratories, such as gaze tracking and emotion analysis systems, to analyze users’ behavior during the interaction with websites. By implementing deep learning algorithms, face detection, facial expressions recognition and gaze tracking convolutional neural network models can be trained and implemented in remote usability testing. The thesis studies the traditional usability testing, modern day usability testing methods and proposes a more advanced deep learning based remote usability testing platform. The development process of the low-cost platform, training of the deep learning models, gaze tracking dataset building, finally the evaluation of the platform by conducting a case study are explained in detail. Some aspects of UX assessment that could help in addressing the usability such as user insights, engagement is explored and the development of a dashboard for the usability testing platform to present the automatically analyzed results is described. The data obtained using the usability testing platform is particularity important in revealing more user insights and engagements as well as addressing effectiveness, efficiency and satisfaction aspects of usability testing.
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Badenhorst, Tania. "Dreaming and the dorsolateral frontal lobes : towards a better understanding of the mechanism of dreaming." Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/10150.
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Includes bibliographical references.The exact mechanism of dream production is still poorly understood. Based on exploratory findings that damage to the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex does not cause changes in these patients subjective experience of their dreams (Solms, 1997), a study was conducted in order to investigate the role of this area in dream production. The dreams of seven patients with damage to tile dorsolateral prefrontal cortex were compared with those of normal participants. A content analysis found no significant quantitative differences between the dreams of dorsolateral prefrontal patients and normal controls. In addition, none of the patients with damage to the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex reported any subjective changes in their dreams since falling ill. These findings are congruent with those or numerous neuro-imaging studies, which indicate that the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex is deactivated during dreaming, and provide support for the theory that deactivation of the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex during sleep accounts for many of the formal features of dreams.
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Koopmans, J. J. J. "The fire burns much better : 200 years of steam locomotive exhaust research 1804-2004." Thesis, University of Sheffield, 2005. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.421129.
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Acimovic, Jason Andrew. "Lowering outbound shipping costs in an online retail environment by making better fulfillment and replenishment decisions." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/77825.
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Thesis (Ph. D.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Sloan School of Management, Operations Research Center, 2012.Cataloged from PDF version of thesis.
Includes bibliographical references (p. 181-185).
As online retailing - or e-tailing - continues to grow as more and more customers buy physical goods on the internet, finding ways to reduce the cost and environmental impact of outbound shipping in this sector will become increasingly important. We investigate the impact of making poor fulfillment and replenishment decisions using data obtained from a large American online retailer. Then, we propose implementable - i.e., computationally tractable and relatively intuitive - solutions for both the fulfillment and replenishment problems, both tested either on actual data from our industrial partner or on small but realistic models. We first focus on the fulfillment problem, namely, deciding from which warehouse(s) to fulfill a customer's order when several options exist. We propose a heuristic that utilizes the dual values of a transportation linear program to estimate the opportunity cost of depleting inventory from a warehouse. This linear program values inventory at a warehouse due to both its geography and the size of its catalogue. After showing that this linear program is asymptotically optimal - using concepts developed in airline network revenue management - we then test the heuristic on industry data, showing a 1% reduction in outbound shipping costs as compared to a myopic fulfillment policy. The last part of the thesis focuses on replenishment. Every period, for each item, the network places an order to restock all the warehouses. Complicating this decision are two factors. First, the orders will not arrive immediately, but rather require a lead time to be delivered. During this time a random number of customers will place orders with the network. Second, any customer's order may be filled from any warehouse, which becomes important when warehouses stock out of an item. Therefore, it is not trivial to calculate the optimal inventory to order to each warehouse. We show that using a standard replenishment policy - popular in practice - can lead to dynamics that result in increased outbound shipping costs. We propose a replenishment policy heuristic that is intuitive and performs well on examples. This heuristic has two variants: a simpler one that assumes deterministic demand, and a more complicated one that accounts for stochasticity.
by Jason Andrew Acimovic.
Ph.D.
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Motala, Tasneem. "Towards a better understanding of how to implement technology projects at rural primary schools : a case study." Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/97351.
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Thesis (MBA)--Stellenbosch University, 2015.ENGLISH ABSTRACT: In South Africa, an increased effort is being made to integrate the use of technology into the public education system, as technology has proved to be beneficial to both teachers and learners. Technologies introduced in schools are not always adopted equally by all educators. There are differences in both the rate at which the technology is adopted, as well as differences in the extent to which each teacher is willing to integrate the technology into the classroom. iSchoolAfrica has extensive experience in the successful roll out and implementation of technology at schools. The objective of the research was to study iSchoolAfrica’s implementation approach, with a focus on educator engagement, to enable the generation of a set of guidelines that can be used by service providers who implement similar projects in the future. A secondary objective was to understand the reasons for resistance towards technology. Primary data was obtained via interviews with iSchoolAfrica employees. In order to include the views of a set of end-users and possibly the primary stakeholders in such projects, this study offers input from teachers at a school where iSchoolAfrica implemented a technology program. The attributes of a school have a significant impact on the success or failure of a technology project. Implementers must have a deep understanding of the management of the school and the challenges that the school faces before they undertake any technology projects. Resistance from teachers towards a technology change initiative arises for a variety of intrinsic and extrinsic reasons. The main reason why teachers tend to be unwilling to adopt new technology is their lack of self-confidence in terms of their competency in using the technology. Teachers are also overwhelmed by their existing workload and may resist a technology change that they feel adds to their workload. There is also a high probability of resistance from teachers who integrate technology into lessons under duress, after exposure to inadequate training programs. Appropriate training is the primary measure used to counter potential resistance. This training should not only focus on device usage, but rather on pedagogical practices so that teachers understand how to integrate the technology into existing lessons. The role of a facilitator is also important. Although facilitators lead the training effort, they also assume a supportive role and guide the teachers through their adjustment to technology. Although resistance towards change is expected, an implementer can take proactive measures to minimise this resistance and thereby increase the probability of success of the project.
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Mehat, Pavandeep. "Pharmaceutical outcomes research to better understand medication non-adherence in patients with Systemic Lupus Erythematosus." Thesis, University of British Columbia, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/58570.
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Introduction: This thesis comprises a systematic review and a pharmacoepidemiological study aimed at improving the understanding about medication non-adherence to antimalarials (AM) in Systematic Lupus Erythematosus (SLE). AM is the conventional and effective long-term treatment option that has resulted in substantial decreases in deaths associated with SLE disease activity. However, there seems to be no such decline in the deaths associated with the sequelae of SLE (such as circulatory disease). Since deriving therapeutic effects from AM depends not only on physicians prescribing the appropriate treatment, but also on patients’ adherence with selected treatment, there is the need for a better understanding of medication non-adherence to AM in SLE.
Objective: 1) To systematically review and synthesize the literature on medication adherence in SLE to identify key gaps in the literature; and 2) to evaluate the burden and determinants of medication non-adherence to AM in SLE.
Methods: To address Objective 1, I have conducted a systematic review. I conducted a mapped search of Medline, Embase, and Web of Science to identify original, observational studies that indicated the data source and measurement tool to assess medication adherence in a SLE patient sample. To address Objective 2, I have conducted a longitudinal pharmacoepidemiological study of a population-based SLE cohort. I used a Cox’s proportional hazard ratio model to examine factors that were significantly associated with discontinuation of AM.
Results: 1) 11 studies were included in the systematic review, and the majority of these studies reported that less than 50% of SLE patients are sufficiently adherent to their medications; 2) After five years, only 33% of patients remained on AM therapy; and 3) Higher SES and the following time-varying covariates updated monthly: glucocorticoids use, traditional NSAIDs use, rate of rheumatologist visits, and rate of dermatologists were statistically significantly protective against discontinuation of AM therapy.
Conclusion: Altogether as a collective work, this thesis provides evidence that demonstrates medication non-adherence is a substantial problem in SLE. In addition, it highlights the importance of developing adherence interventions to help support patients taking their medications as prescribed.Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of
Graduate
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Wallace, A. M. "Towards an action research approach to educational management." Thesis, University of East Anglia, 1985. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.259983.
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Resnick, Edward. "Practitioner Research in Schools: Revealing the Efficacy Agency Cycle." Chapman University Digital Commons, 2018. https://digitalcommons.chapman.edu/ces_dissertations/16.
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Years of high stakes testing and managerial directives to improve student test scores created a trend of teachers’ declining sense of efficacy and agency. Researchers have yet to examine the perceptions of teachers following requirements to improve student engagement and school climate in an effort to improve academic performance following the authorization of local and national educational accountability reforms. The purpose of this study is to examine how teachers perceive their efficacy and agency in response to the addition of nonacademic measures and the requirement of documented input from teachers and other stakeholders into educational policy planning procedures. Veteran K-12 teachers’ responses to survey and interview questions were coded, analyzed, and organized into themes to generate an educational theory. Grounded Theory Methodologies (GTM), Culturally Responsive Methodologies (CRM) and Critical Pedagogy (CP) informed data collection methods and theoretical foundations for this study. The creation of a safe dialogical space between the practitioner researcher and participants developed a relationship for both to engage as co-researchers. Teachers discovered renewed senses of efficacy and agency while acknowledging their leadership potential in schools and the community. This study and further practitioner research with teachers in schools will inform pre-service education training programs and confirm teachers’ role as critical intellectuals in American society.
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Foley, Amanda K. "“Ruin Your Life for the Better:” Transformation in an Interfaith Community." University of Cincinnati / OhioLINK, 2018. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ucin154272375517359.
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Spencer, Neil Hardy. "Longitudinal multilevel models in educational research." Thesis, Lancaster University, 1995. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.306918.
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Tommasi, D. G. "Anatomical research through a computer science approach : a better insight into cervical range of motion analysis." Doctoral thesis, Università degli Studi di Milano, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/2434/64131.
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The present study focuses on active cervical movements in healthy women of different ages.
The aim of the study is to perform a three-dimensional qualitative and quantitative analysis of active head-cervical RoM and of the overall movement execution in healthy women to assess the relationship with age.
Age-related variations in active cervical RoM are still partially unknown: some investigations demonstrated that age has no effect whatsoever on the primary movements40 while other studies found an inverse proportionality between age and cervical RoM6,13,17. A few investigations17,47 tried to compare the entirety of the movement, not limiting themselves to the RoM but the results are varied and not conclusive.
Three groups of women were compared: 22 aged 15 to 18 years (adolescents), 25 aged 20 to 30 years (young adults) and 16 aged 35 to 45 years (mid-aged women). Active flexion and extension, lateral bending and axial rotation were recorded via an optoelectronic system19,48. After the mathematical exclusion of thoracic movements, cervical RoM was referred to head local reference system and calculated using the tilt/twist method. Data were compared using ANOVA. Subsequently all the data where reconstructed through an high order polynomial interpolation, the result curves averaged per age group and movement type and compared through correlation analyses.
Flexion and extension were larger in the adolescents (137°) than in the young adults (128°) and mid-aged women (127°). Lateral bending had similar ranges in the three groups: 103° for adolescents, 101° for young adults and 100° for mid-aged women. Axial rotation had similar ranges in the adolescents and in the mid-aged women (143°) and a slightly larger range in the young adults (151°). Primary movements were always associated with out-of-plane components and correlation was found between primary and coupled movements.
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Koonce, Jeffrey B. "The transitional experience of home-schooled student entering public education how can public schools better serve the home-schooled student's transition to public education /." Diss., Columbia, Mo. : University of Missouri-Columbia, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/10355/4777.
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Thesis (Ed. D.)--University of Missouri-Columbia, 2007.The entire dissertation/thesis text is included in the research.pdf file; the official abstract appears in the short.pdf file (which also appears in the research.pdf); a non-technical general description, or public abstract, appears in the public.pdf file. Title from title screen of research.pdf file (viewed on September 27, 2007) Vita. Includes bibliographical references.
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Dietrich, Lars. "Bullying in Schools| How School and Student Characteristics Predict Bullying Behaviors Among Boys in American Secondary Schools." Thesis, Brandeis Univ., The Heller School for Social Policy and Mgmt, 2016. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=10010595.
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This dissertation argues that bullying is a fundamental response to bullies’ feelings of insecurity. Past research has found factors associated with bullying to include socioeconomic status and propensities towards violent behavior. Contextual factors posited here that produce the feelings of insecurity, which lead to bullying, include peer group dynamics, school climates, and teaching.
In relationship to peer groups, the theoretical framework of this dissertation draws primarily from the theories of Robert E. Crosnoe and Dorte M. Sondergaard. The assumption is that students are socially embedded in peer groups in which they struggle for social status (Crosnoe 2011) and in many cases experience the threat of social marginalization (Sondergaard 2012). Sondergaard, in particular, theorizes that the more insecure students feel about their social status in peer groups, the more likely they are to resort to bullying behavior.
All multivariate analyses in this dissertation are limited to white, black, and Latino boys. The resulting sample comprises N=6,491 student observations nested within 153 schools. The nested sampling structure requires multi-level modeling (MLM) for the calculation of unbiased estimates.
I find that individual-level student background characteristics are stronger predictors of bully identification than the school context, as measured by student body composition and teaching style factors. In addition, social status insecurity is a mediating factor for many of the student- and school-level predictors of bullying.
The dissertation distinguishes four types of schools, each of which is above or below average on two major dimensions. The first dimension is academic support (i.e., how caring and responsive teachers are), while the other is academic press (i.e., how strict and demanding they are).
I find that black male students are more likely to self-identify as bullies in schools that are below average on both academic support and academic press, compared to those that are above average on both. The pattern for Latino boys is different. For them, self-reported bullying is higher when the school rates high on academic support, but low on academic press.
I find no statistically significant role for teaching styles in predicting the amount of bully identification among white males.
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Kawaguchi-Suzuki, Marina, Stacy D. Brown, Kathryn Meier, Dorothy Farrell, Kirsten Block, R. Kiplin Guy, Sridhar Anand, Cassandra Nelson, Ami Vyas, and James O'Donnell. "AACP Research and Graduate Affairs Committee: Needs for Research Leadership Development Among U.S. Pharmacy Schools." Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2019. https://dc.etsu.edu/etsu-works/7846.
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Chan, So-Ming Clio, and 陳素明. "Why aided schools have not joined DSS: a qualitative research." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 1995. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B31957699.
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Simonsen, Flint. "Variables affecting schools' use of research-validated practices in education /." view abstract or download file of text, 2001. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/uoregon/fullcit?p3024535.
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Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Oregon, 2001.Typescript. Includes vita and abstract. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 105-111). Also available for download via the World Wide Web; free to University of Oregon users. Address: http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/uoregon/fullcit?p3024535.
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Chan, So-Ming Clio. "Why aided schools have not joined DSS : a qualitative research /." Hong Kong : University of Hong Kong, 1995. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record.jsp?B14042782.
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Muggy, Timothy Luke. "The SMART scheduler: a revolutionary scheduling system for secondary schools." Thesis, Kansas State University, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/2097/12058.
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Master of ScienceDepartment of Industrial & Manufacturing Systems Engineering
Todd W. Easton
Westside High School (WHS) of Omaha, Nebraska utilizes a novel scheduling system called Modular scheduling. This system offers numerous advantages over the standard school day in terms of student learning and faculty development. Modular Scheduling allows teachers to design the structure of their own classes by adjusting the frequency, duration and location of each of their daily lessons. Additionally, teachers are able combine their classes with those of other teachers and team-teach. Modular scheduling also allows for open periods in both students’ and teachers’ schedules. During this time, students are able to complete school work or seek supplemental instruction with a teacher who is also free. Teachers are able to use their open mods to plan, meet in teams and help students who have fallen behind. Currently, a semester’s class schedules are constructed over the course of a seven week period by a full-time employee using a computer program developed in FORTRAN®. The process is extremely tedious and labor intensive which has led to considerable wasted time, cost and frustration. This thesis presents a novel scheduling program called the SMART Scheduler that is able to do in seconds what previously took weeks to accomplish. Once parameters have been input, The SMART Scheduler is able to create cohesive class schedules within a modular environment in less than 6 seconds. The research presented describes the steps that were taken in developing the SMART Scheduler as well as computational results of its implementation using actual data provided by WHS. The goal of this research is to enable WHS and other schools to efficiently and effectively utilize modular scheduling to positively affect student learning.
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MacArthur, Laurie. "Internet safety for students in elementary schools." [Denver, Colo.] : Regis University, 2009. http://adr.coalliance.org/codr/fez/view/codr:161.
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Severe, LeTania. "Access to Better Education: The School Choice Experience of Families Served by Low-Performing Elementary Public Schools in Miami-Dade County." FIU Digital Commons, 2014. http://digitalcommons.fiu.edu/etd/1618.
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Public school choice education policy attempts to create an education marketplace. Although school choice research has focused on the parent role in the school choice process, little is known about parents served by low-performing schools. Following market theory, students attending low-performing schools should be the primary students attempting to use school choice policy to access high performing schools rather than moving to a better school. However, students remain in these low-performing schools. This study took place in Miami-Dade County, which offers a wide variety of school choice options through charter schools, magnet schools, and open-choice schools.
This dissertation utilized a mixed-methods design to examine the decision-making process and school choice options utilized by the parents of students served by low-performing elementary schools in Miami-Dade County. Twenty-two semi-structured interviews were conducted with the parents of students served by low-performing schools. Binary logistic regression models were fitted to the data to compare the demographic characteristics, academic achievement and distance from alternative schooling options between transfers and non-transfers. Multinomial logistic regression models were fitted to the data to evaluate how demographic characteristics, distance to transfer school, and transfer school grade influenced the type of school a transfer student chose. A geographic analysis was conducted to determine how many miles students lived from alternative schooling options and the miles transfer students lived away from their transfer school.
The findings of the interview data illustrated that parents’ perceived needs are not being adequately addressed by state policy and county programs. The statistical analysis found that students from higher socioeconomic social groups were not more likely to transfer than students from lower socioeconomic social groups. Additionally, students who did transfer were not likely to end up at a high achieving school. The findings of the binary logistic regression demonstrated that transfer students were significantly more likely to live near alternative school options.
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Gowland, Barbara. "For better, for worse ; for richer, for poorer? : a study of the introduction of local management to four schools in Westminster." Thesis, Brunel University, 1993. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.401356.
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Kotob, Wafa. "Action research and teacher professional development in primary schools in Lebanon." Thesis, University of Manchester, 2007. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.509733.
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Corda, Daniele, and Ville Murtokangas. "Causes of teachers’ turnover intentions in Swedish schools : A qualitative research." Thesis, Högskolan Dalarna, Företagsekonomi, 2016. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:du-23178.
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Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to explore the causes of teachers' turnover intentions in selected Swedish schools. Research methodology – This research took the form of a qualitative research. Semi-structured interviews were used to explore the causes of teachers' turnover intentions within the schools selected for this study. The sample was composed by 9 teachers that work in Säter. In order to provide a different yet meaningful perspective, a further interview with the Säter school department has been conducted. Results – Several of the results were coherent with the literature: elements such as motivations to teach, administrative support, workload, class size and collaboration were found to be related to teachers’ turnover intentions and therefore confirmed the previous studies. However, factors like salary, mentoring, autonomy, physical conditions and orderly environment were not found to have a connection with the respondents’ turnover intentions, hence constituting a result that did not confirm the literature. Originality – This thesis extended the previous research related to the causes of teachers’ turnover intentions by focusing on Sweden, which had not been investigated yet to that matter. The Swedish context appears particularly worth researching because of both the particularity of its decentralized educational system and the widespread turnover intentions of teachers.
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Landon, Rocky. "We Can Do It (Education) Better: An Examination of Four Secondary School Approaches for Aboriginal Students in Northwestern Ontario." Thesis, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/1807/34776.
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The following study is an exercise in understanding how educators can improve their professional practice in terms of addressing the needs of Aboriginal high school students. The study was delimited to four different high schools in Northwestern Ontario in order to develop a broader understanding of best practices used by various school communities. Interviews were conducted with students and educational professionals such as teachers, administrators, guidance personnel and school board members. The study was completed over a period of one week, where one day was spent in each school completing interviews.
This study is unique in two ways: it presents the voices of secondary school educators (which had scarcely been reported or heard in the academic community) outlining the direction in which Aboriginal education should go and secondly, as a researcher I attempted to use the medicine wheel as a model for completing and conducting research.
There were a number of findings that appeared through the interviews. Teachers and administrators agreed that in order for Aboriginal students to succeed they needed to have involved parental support. It was important to teachers that parents take an active role in the educational life of their child. Additionally, it was acknowledged that First Nation communities were ideal settings for schooling of Aboriginal students as they were supported by family and community kinships. Yet in this study, it was also acknowledged that First Nation schools suffered financially in comparison to provincial schools. They were not able to provide programming comparable to provincial schools and
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were limited to a barebones program with compulsory courses being offered. In some cases, if students failed a course, they were not able to participate in the rest of the school program, until the course was re-taught in two years. Despite these shortcomings, students might do better in First Nation based schools if they were adequately funded with current resources and adequately compensated teachers.
This study offers some suggestions on how to improve the practice of educating First Nation secondary students.
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Robles, Peiro Héctor. "Better settings for better education: does decentralization work?" Thesis, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/2152/2630.
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Kim, Do Hun. "Educational innovation with CSCL building better schools for 21st century learners." Thesis, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/2152/ETD-UT-2011-05-3653.
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Social interaction is a powerful medium in education. In this report, I discuss how computer supported collaborative learning (CSCL) helps K-12 students to enhance learning. I discussed why socio-constructivism in CSCL is a promising learning method. In addition I suggest that CSCL enhances students’ self-driven learning, motivation, and critical thinking. I also examine how CSCL can be successfully implemented in K-12 schools. In this context, the report identifies the challenges posed by technology implementation and changing teachers’ beliefs in introducing this innovation into schools, and how those challenges can be met. Finally, based on perspectives in support of CSCL, the paper does a critical analysis of the Korean e-learning project, which created a national online leaning network for K-12 students, called Cyber Home Learning System (CHLS), and suggests ways that CSCL may enhance this program.text
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Moore, Sarah G. "Some Things Are Better Left Unsaid." Diss., 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10161/1092.
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Pan, Wei-Chieh, and 潘韋傑. "Singer-songwriter Is Better? Research on the Positioning Strategy of Mandopop Singers." Thesis, 2018. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/25ju8v.
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碩士國立中山大學
行銷傳播管理研究所
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Pop music traverses different cultures and languages, reflecting contemporary life and values. It is an important medium and available to everyone nowadays. Taiwanese pop music industry began to internationalize in the 1990s, the industrial structure changed drastically and led to a change in the marketing strategy of the record companies. In addition, the value of Taiwanese popular music market has been decreasing year by year, record companies must operate singer carefully. There are many top singers exist in the market, the introduction of new singers is also very difficult. How to find the right market position for singers and bring the greatest economic benefits are record companies must face squarely. In this study, two 2×2 quantitative experiments were carried out using the quantitative research of laboratory experiment as the main method, and supplemented by the secondary data analysis method. The new singer''s orientation was explored to analyze how the singer-songwriter and non-songwriter affect the consumer''s curiosity, identity and further idolization. In addition, in the impression management, whether the execution of the imitation strategy will make consumers have different influence on the singer''s curiosity and identity, and whether the singer''s gender and its positioning method are compatible is the focus of this study. The study found that whether singers positioned as songwriter or non-songwriter, do not have difference in curiosity and identity with consumers, and that they will not have further idolization. Imitation strategies are no longer what pop music singers should take. The impression management must highlight the singer''s personal characteristics to enhance consumers'' curiosity, identity and idolization; male singers must have songwriting ability to have a higher chance of getting consumers'' curiosity and identity. Gender stereotypes exist in pop music market, but this phenomenon does not further affect the consumption behavior of idolization.
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Sharma, Preeti. "Towards a Better Understanding of the Interaction between Phagocytic Immune Cells and Synthetic Particulates." Thesis, 2021. https://etd.iisc.ac.in/handle/2005/5692.
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Particulate technology has transformed the field of diagnostic and therapeutic medicine due to the ability of particulates to provide better contrast in various imaging modalities and improve the targeting of therapeutic agents to specific tissues in the body. Several nano and micro-particles have found applications in the clinic, and it is expected that many humans are likely to come in contact with such systems in their lifetime. Once administered in vivo, these particulates are captured by phagocytic immune cells, which surveil the host system for foreign substances. The process of recognition and internalization of foreign substances may lead to cellular changes in phagocytic immune cells. A few studies have suggested that based on the physicochemical properties of the diagnostic or therapeutic particles, phagocytic immune cells may be activated towards an inflammatory or anti-inflammatory phenotype. Additionally, uptake of particles may alter cytokine secretion, chemotaxis behavior, oxidative burst, and nitric oxide generation in these cells. However, the effects of particulate uptake on the primary functions of a phagocytic immune cell, which are the internalization of foreign substances and neutralization of pathogens, remains poorly addressed. In this work, we determine how the uptake of particles changes an immune cell’s phagocytic ability and bactericidal activity. Using various phagocytic cell types and cargo-free particles, we demonstrate that particle uptake results in the enhancement of the phagocytic capacity of immune cells. We show that the increased uptake is not a result of cellular activation or cellular heterogeneity; instead, the first phagocytic event appears to prime the cell for subsequent phagocytosis. A consequence of the enhanced uptake ability is that particulate-laden-immune cells show faster clearance of bacteria both in vitro and in vivo. However, in an in vitro infection model involving bacteria with active invasion and replication mechanisms, faster clearance did not occur, suggesting that uptake of particulates could only induce enhanced phagocytosis but not increase the inherent killing capacity of immune cells. In the final part, we explored how surface modification of particulates, a common strategy to impart anti-fouling properties to the particle surface, affects the functional abilities of a phagocytic cell. We decorated the particle surface with polyethylene glycol, the most widely used polymer to reduce immune cell recognition of particulate-based therapeutics. We demonstrate that the effect of PEG-coating in reducing the phagocytosis of particles diminished as the particle size increases and was entirely absent for micrometer-sized particles. While the exact mechanisms of the differences in the interaction of PEG-modified nano and microparticles with phagocytic cells are unclear, we determined that size-based differences are observed even with a dense arrangement of PEG molecules on the surface, appear to be independent of the serum proteins adsorbing on particle surfaces, and are independent of the endocytic uptake pathway. Importantly, uptake of PEG-modified particles enhanced phagocytic rate in immune cells, similar to the observations with non-modified particulates. In summary, this dissertation highlights the importance of evaluating particle-phagocytic cell interaction, which will aid in designing improved particulate systems. The work also provides insights into the use of non-stimulatory cargo-free particles to modulate immune cell functions.
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chang, yunming, and 張允明. "Research schools spatial image- Example of newly built schools in Kaohsiung City." Thesis, 2006. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/98589787354912318350.
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碩士國立高雄師範大學
教育學系
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Abstract It was the major objective of this study to explore how the school builders’ spatial image was formed, and what was its relation with the schooling philosophy? Did these spatial images come from the schooling philosophy? After completion and inauguration of the campus, did the spatial image presented by the campus fulfill the school builder’s schooling philosophy? It was hoped that this study could provide a reference point for future school builders, so that the school building work would be more efficient. In terms of research methods, school builders were interviewed. They were asked to reply the history of building the schools, to analyze the internal and external influencing factors, the in explore corresponding responses and to reply the thinking process. The forming process of the spatial image was also analyzed, as well as how the spatial image was presented in the campus. Photos were referred to in correspondence to the descriptions of the interviewees, for verifying their descriptions of the spatial image. The researcher used the ATLAS.ti software to conduct qualitative data. The results were based upon incorporating experience and applying grounded theory. From literature reviews, observations, interviews, the conclusions were summarized as follows: 1. Schooling philosophy and spatial image of the school builders were formed bit by bit, rather than predicted. 2. Spatial image of the school builders would be established and revised with observation and discussion under the pressure of the practical circumstances. 3. Most school builders mentioned how the spatial image of the campus would express their schooling philosophy. 4. Most schools based on the school name as the main idea to develop the spatial image. 5. School builders generally thought that after the completion of the campus, teachers should be taught how to use the space to fulfill the original idea of the builders. 6. School builders would face a lot of difficulties, mainly short of budget and the lack of consultation service on related professional knowledge.
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Kung-Chin, Sun, and 孫崑晉. "The Research of the Better Loss Elimination Model about Automobile Physical Damage Insurance." Thesis, 1998. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/36679116458086379388.
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Dai, Tzwo-Mei, and 戴佐梅. "Research on Private Schools’ Taxation and Governance." Thesis, 2004. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/639r27.
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碩士中原大學
會計研究所
92
Abstract A private school as a foundation is a nonprofit organization and should deserve a preference of tax exemption for public interest in view of its benefiting functions such in complementing funds for government expenditure and in its external benefits resulted from the economic activities it provided. However attention to the legal form and statutory requirements of such preference should be emphasized. In addition, a private school is likely to encompass some operational activities and practices closely similar to those commonly conducted by profit organizations, especially during facing the trend of diversification and diversions. This study tries to provide private schools qualified as a tax exempt public interest organization with some references for their accounting staff during filing tax declarations, through introduction of pertinent law and rules, overview of taxation system and measures, as well as analysis on tax administrative remedies.Furthermore the fraud cases such as “Jing Wen Senior High School Fraud” and some college taken over by Ministry of Education due to major frauds, etc. once became headlines and hot issues in Taiwan in 2001 strongly evidence the finding. These motivate the study to administer a survey on existing governance mechanism in the local private schools and to explore the possible room for reform and improvement of the existing governance practice. Therefore, this study is actually aiming at working out a framework to serve as Taxing and Auditing Guideline for local private schools. The subjects explored in this study are as the follows: 1. The nature and organizational operation conditions of private schools. 2. Pertinent tax preferences and practice of sales tax and sales income tax collection 3. Operating status of existing external governance mechanism and internal governance mechanism of private schools and some improvement measure proposals. Finally this study works out its conclusions and some proposals for functioning as reference to pertinent entities and interested researchers.