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Wilkinson, Kate. "Research component : literature review & empirical paper." Thesis, University of Birmingham, 2005. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.422732.
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Stewart, Lorna. "Research component : literature review & main paper." Thesis, University of Birmingham, 2006. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.435346.
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Quiec, Christyn Lim. "A research paper on incest an overview /." Online full text .pdf document, available to Fuller patrons only, 2003. http://www.tren.com.
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McGinley, Susan. "An Alternative Paper Crop from the Southwest." College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, University of Arizona (Tucson, AZ), 1992. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/622399.
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Silva, Mariana Vieira da. "Equity research - UPM-Kymmene Corporation." Master's thesis, Instituto Superior de Economia e Gestão, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/10400.5/20888.
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Mestrado em Finanças<br>UPM é a empresa líder na indústria de Floresta & Papel na Finlândia. O relatório é uma avaliação do preço para o ano de 2021FY baseado em pressupostos próprios dos cálculos feitos e no desempenho histórico da empresa nos últimos 5 anos. A vontade pessoal para a realização do trabalho nasceu do interesse de saber mais sobre a indústria e seus determinantes.
O relatório segue o formato do CFA Institute começando com os destaques da avaliação seguido de uma descrição do negócio e das operações da empresa como um grupo, o tipo de administração que segue e os seus principais acionistas, estuda a indústria como um todo, a procura e oferta e os seus principais catalisadores. O relatório avalia o posicionamento competitivo da empresa através da análise SWOT e 5 Forças de Porter. A segunda parte do estudo é focada na análise analítica para os próximos 5 anos e nos pressupostos usados para chegar ao preço estimado. Os principais catalisadores deste investimento são apresentados, seguidos de explicação dos princípios da avaliação, análise analítica para o investidor, os riscos do investimento que podem afetar os ganhos da empresa e a sua volatilidade no período previsto. Por fim, é feita uma análise da sensibilidade que estes riscos detém na recomendação. Esta avaliação é de risco médio atingindo o preço indicativo de 41.05€/ação e uma recomendação de Strong Buy comparando com o preço da data de avaliação no dia 13 de November de 2020 de 26.40€/ação. Foi utilizado um modelo DCF.<br>UPM is leader in the Forest & Paper industry in Finland. The report is Equity Research for the year of 2021F based on the assumptions from own estimates and the company historical performance in the past 5 years. The personal willingness for the elaborated work rose from the desire of wanting to know more from the forest industry and its drivers. The report follows the CFA Institute Format starting with the highlights of the valuation followed by a detailed description of UPM business and operations,, the type of governance and main shareholders detaining the company, it then studies the industry as a whole going through supply, demand and the main drivers. The report assesses the company competitive positioning on the industry with SWOT Analysis and Porter's Five Forces model. The second part of the study is focused on the analytics for the upcoming 5 years and the assumptions to reach the price target for UPM. The investment value drivers and valuation fundamentals are disclosed with an analysis of the important financials to the stakeholder and the investment risks that can affect the company earnings and volatility in the forecasted period. A sensitivity analysis is performed to the risks that could affect the recommendation on 2021F. This valuation is assessed as medium risk reaching a price target of 41.05€/sh and a STRONG BUY recommendation when comparing to the valuation date of the report on the November 13th where the stock price was 26.40€/sh. The price was attained using the DCF model.<br>info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion
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Santos, André Filipe Roseiro. "Equity research - The Navigator Company S.A." Master's thesis, Instituto Superior de Economia e Gestão, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/10400.5/20853.
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Mestrado em Finanças<br>Este estudo, pretende realizar uma avaliação relativamente ao preço-alvo das ações da Navigator Company, S.A, uma empresa portuguesa que atualmente negoceia na Bolsa Euronext. Para desenvolver esta relatório, adotou-se o formato recomendado pelo Instituto CFA.
Para a indústria, a Navigator, S.A representa uma referência em termos de qualidade e eficiência operacional. Para Portugal e para os portugueses, a Navigator simboliza uma das maiores empresas que operam no nosso país, desenvolvendo a economia local, tendo sempre uma elevada consideração pela preocupação ambiental.
A alta eficiência operacional e as medidas restritivas desenvolvidas nos últimos anos com o objetivo de redução de custos, pretendem maximizar o valor futuro da empresa, valorizando igualmente os seus acionistas.
Esta avaliação usa modelos absolutos e relativos para propôr um preço-alvo de 3,16€ para o período entre 2021-2026 de acordo com o "WACC Method, representando um potencial de valorização de 36%. Foram também considerados o "APV Method" e o "Peers Valuation Method" que corroboram a recomendação de investimento.
Tendo em conta a situação atual dos mercados acionistas e da indústria do papel, a Navigator mostra-se capaz de tomar decisões que limitam o risco associado aos possíveis efeitos negativos esperados.
Neste sentido, esta análise representa uma recomendação de COMPRA para as ações da Navigator para o periodo de 2021-2026, mesmo considerando o perfil de alto risco a que a empresa e a indústria estão sujeitas.<br>The following master's final project intends to perform an equity valuation in a Portuguese company currently trading at Euronext. In order to develop this analysis, the research report format recommended by the CFA institute was adopted.
For the industry Navigator, S.A represents a benchmark in quality and operational efficiency. For Portugal and Portuguese, Navigator represents one of biggest companies operating in the country developing local economy to another level, with an increasing concern for environmental and biological issues. The company shows high efficiency-oriented operations with cost reduction measures well implemented that are expected to result in future shareholder gains.
This equity valuation uses both absolute and relative valuation models to propose a target price of 3,16€ for the period between 2021-2026 according to the WACC Method, representing an upside potential of 36%. Also, the APV and Peers Valuation Methods were used and are in line with investment recommendation.
Even when considering the current market and industry situation, Navigator is able to well balance their operations. Therefore, this report represents BUY recommendation for Navigator shares considering the high-risk profile that the company and the industry are subject to. Even with high volatility in paper and pulp prices and high market penetration from Asian p&p producers the company is able to increase UWF market share in Europe.<br>info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion
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Raimundo, António Nuno Pinto Dias. "Equity research - ENCE, Energia & Celulosa, S.A." Master's thesis, Instituto Superior de Economia e Gestão, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/10400.5/20709.
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Mestrado em Finanças<br>O objetivo desta avaliação é estudar uma recomendação de investimento acerca de ENCE, Energia & Celulosa, S.A. Este relatório é baseado em toda a informação pública disponível à data de 16 de outubro de 2020 e foi desenvolvido de acordo com as normas e recomendações impostas pelo CFA Institute no "CFA Research Challenge".
ENCE é uma empresa Espanhola produtora de pasta de papel e de energias renováveis. Durante a unidade curricular de Equity Research tive a oportunidade de estudar esta indústria, pela qual desenvolvi especial interesse devido ás sinergias da indústria do papel e das energias renováveis.
A empresa ENCE foi avaliada através do Método Weighted Average Cost of Capital (WACC) para a indústria, confirmado pela avaliação através do Modelo de Dividendos Descontados, bem como, da comparação dos múltiplos de empresas concorrentes.
Após os estudos de avaliação, obtivemos uma recomendação de manter as ações com um preço unitário de €2.44 no final do ano de 2021, representando uma valorização de 13% face ao preço da ação à data do relatório. Esta recomendação é baseada num nível de risco elevado, visto que a empresa está altamente exposta a várias flutuações de preço das matérias-primas como a madeira e a celulose, decorrentes da crise mundial que vivemos atualmente. A empresa está empenhada em expandir os vários segmentos de atividade, concretamente, a produção de pasta de papel e co-generação de energia renovável. Esta estratégia de investimento irá garantir um crescimento sustentado para a ENCE e para os seus acionistas no futuro.<br>The objective of the report is to study an investment recommendation for ENCE, Energia & Celulosa, S.A. This report is based on the public information available until 16th October 2020 and it was developed according to the CFA Institute recommendation for the CFA Research Challenge.
ENCE, Energía & Celulosa, S.A. is a Spanish company whose purpose is to produce paper pulp and biomass energy. During the course of Equity Research, I had the opportunity to study this industry which became interesting due to the synergies between paper and forest and renewable energies segment.
ENCE valuation is calculated using a Weighted Average Cost of Capital (WACC) Method through Free Cash Flow to the Firm (FCFF) for the industry, complemented with Free Cash Flow to Equity (FCFE), Multi-Stage Dividend Discount Model (DDM) and a Relative Multiples Valuation.
At the end, the recommendation of this report is to hold the common share with a price target of €2.44 per share in the end of 2021, which represent an upside potential of 13 % comparing with price of the common share at the report date. This recommendation is based on a high level of risk, since the company is highly exposed on external factors, like wood and Bleached Hardwood Kraft Pulp price fluctuations derived from the actual worldwide crisis. The company is expanding its business segments like, paper pulp production and renewable energy co-generation. This investment strategy will guarantee a sustainable growth for ENCE and its shareholders in the future.<br>info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion
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Schofield, Ian James. "A research paper : integrated voice/data through a digital PBX /." Online version of thesis, 1987. http://hdl.handle.net/1850/10132.
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Dunn, Samuel James. "Reconceiving a Necessary Evil: Teaching a Transferable FYC Research Paper." BYU ScholarsArchive, 2013. https://scholarsarchive.byu.edu/etd/3633.
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The place of the research paper in first-year composition (FYC) courses is often debated in composition forums. Many argue that the a-disciplinary nature of FYC doesn't allow instructors to teach the research paper in a way that will be transferable to disciplinary writing tasks, while others say that it is possible, as long as we have a thorough understanding of the kinds of writing tasks students will face in the disciplines and specifically teach writing skills that will be transferable. To identify these more generalizable writing skills to be emphasized, I interviewed 14 professors at Brigham Young University from different disciplines about the research papers they teach within their upper-division disciplinary courses and the kinds of researching and writing skills they expect students to have mastered before enrolling in these courses. I collated the results of the interviews and categorized 22 skills into four categories: writing process knowledge, genre knowledge, rhetorical knowledge, and researching knowledge, finding correlation between the 22 skills I identified with skills identified by both John Bean and Carra Leah Hood, lending credence to the value of my identified skills as worthwhile to be focused on in FYC. I draw on Amy Devitt's idea that the school genres we teach in FYC are antecedent genres to assert that teaching a research paper in FYC outside of the constraints of any one discipline can provide a viable and valuable learning experience, provided that it is taught with an emphasis on these writing skills that are most valued across the disciplines, and provided it is taught as a step along the way to later mastery of disciplinary genres.
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Moreno, Paula Alexandra Tapiero. "Equity research - Stora Enso OYJ." Master's thesis, Instituto Superior de Economia e Gestão, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/10400.5/20886.
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Mestrado em Finanças<br>Nesta dissertação de mestrado foram examinados os elementos de avaliação da empresa STORA ENSO OYJ, incluídos e enfatizados na recomendação de investimento final.
O presente projeto adota o formato de "Equity research" orientado pelo instituto CFA seguindo a sua estrutura e os padrões de projeto de trabalho final de Master do ISEG. Ele contém 8 capítulos, incluindo instantâneo de pesquisa, descrição e gerenciamento de negócios, governança corporativa e análise do setor. Assim, analisa a situação financeira e de gestão dos últimos três anos (2017 - 2019) e projeta as operações para mais seis anos (2020 - 2025) para fornecer a visão geral financeira, resumo de investimento, avaliação e riscos de investimento.
O preço-alvo foi alcançado através do método de valorização do Fluxo de Caixa Descontado com base no Custo Médio Ponderado de Capital e também no Custo do Capital. Adicionalmente, é realizada a avaliação de Múltiplos e o Modelo de Dividendos com Desconto.
A recomendação final da STORA ENSO OYJ endossa a "HOLD, com um preço-alvo de €14,02 por ação até o final do ano de 2021, representando um potencial elevado de 11,2%, em comparação com o preço de fechamento de €12,60 por ação em 30 de outubro, 2020 com risco médio. É importante destacar que o presente relato é realizado durante uma conjuntura econômica imprevisível por se tratar do COVID-19, seus efeitos o incluem e enfatizam na pesquisa.<br>In this Master Thesis was exanimated valuation elements of the company STORA ENSO OYJ, included and emphasized in the final investment recommendation.
The present report adopts the equity research format guided by the CFA institute following its structure and ISEG?s Master final work project standards. It contains 8 chapters including Research Snapshot, Business Description and Management, Corporate Governance, and Industry Analysis. Accordingly, it analyzes the financial and management situation of the past three years (2017 to 2019) and forecasts the operations for six more years (2020 to 2025) to provide the financial overview, investment summary, valuation, and investment risks.
The price target was reached through the Discounted Cash Flow valuation method based on the Weighted Average Cost of Capital and also the Cost of Equity. Additionally, it is performed Multiples valuation and the Discount Dividend Model.
The final recommendation for STORA ENSO OYJ endorses to HOLD, with a price target of €14.02 per share by the 2021-year end, representing an upside potential of 11.2%, in comparison with the closing price of €12.60 per share on October 30th, 2020 with medium risk. It is important to highlight that the present report is performed during an unpredictable economic situation as it is the COVID- 19, its effects include it and emphasized in the research.<br>info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion
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Jongizulu, Siziwe. "Causes and consequences of early marriage in Lusikisiki: a research paper." Thesis, Nelson Mandela Metropolitan University, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10948/d1008414.
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The purpose of the study was to identify causes and consequences of early marriages in Lusikisiki. The population of this study is a convenience sample from Lusikisiki. The researcher thought that this was appropriate because these subjects would be sharing their personal experiences in the form of case studies. The ages of subjects that were interviewed were 40 years & 47 years old (both married early) and those that married late were both 50 years old. The idea that guided the study was an exploratory one aimed at understanding the phenomenon of early marriage. The aim was to explore the following ideas: Young girls are being given into marriage at their early age by their parents because of the bride price (ilobola)Women that are given into marriage early feel victimized by this process early marriage disrupts the school pattern of young girls Men are the main beneficiaries of early marriage.
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Al, Alshaikh Modhi. "Dynamic multi-concept user profile modelling in research paper recommender systems." Thesis, University of Brighton, 2018. https://research.brighton.ac.uk/en/studentTheses/8860a703-0d0b-49ef-aa00-ecece40d21d8.
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The internet and the digital libraries are major sources of information for researchers, and there is an enormous growth of information on these sources. A large number of research papers are available which leads to the information overload problem and hence finding research papers that are related to users’ interests become difficult and time consuming. The field of recommender systems aims to solve the information overload problem by filtering information and providing users with relevant results. Although the current recommender systems provide recommendation services to users, different limitations and challenges have not been adequately addressed in the research paper domain. The work presented in this thesis contributes to the development of models and algorithms to the recommender systems in the research paper domain. The main aim of this thesis is to develop a dynamic multiconcept system that is able to recommend research papers of interest at appropriate times. The first contribution of this thesis is modelling dynamic user profiles that are able to adapt to the changes in multiple user interests and to be compatible with the requirements of advanced ontologies. The second contribution is analysing users’ reading behaviour with research papers to develop novel short-term and long-term models that are able to adapt dynamically according to a user’s changing behaviour during his/her short and long term goals. These models can effectively learn different users’ reading behaviours implicitly without the need for any intervention from the user. The third contribution is predicting user’s future interests using a novel collaborative filtering approach without the need for the user ratings. All our proposed models are evaluated using offline evaluations with the BibSonomy dataset that contains actual users’ records. Our results show that our models outperform the baselines used for comparisons. Finally, we integrated our models to one unified dynamic hybrid system in order to provide recommendations which most closely represent the users’ research interests at particular times. The evaluation results indicate that the dynamic hybrid system that models and integrates multiple user interests and concepts can bring substantial benefits to a recommender system in the research paper domain.
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Schaeffers, Rogier. "Equity research - Mondi PLC." Master's thesis, Instituto Superior de Economia e Gestão, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/10400.5/20717.
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Mestrado em Finanças<br>No decorrer deste Equity Research o preço das ações da Mondi plc sofreu grandes flutuações devido à pandemia COVID-19. Apesar disto, a Mondi plc é uma empresa matura e verticalmente integrada, dois factores importantes sobre a força da Mondi que a ajudam a sobreviver as incertezas trazidas pela pandemia.
Esta avaliação contem informação até dia 6 de novembro de 2020, onde o preço de fecho foi 17,64€ por ação. De acordo com a avaliação feita foi definido um nível de risco médio. Foram utilizados quatro métodos de avaliação diferentes: método Discounted Cash Flow (DCF), método Adjusted Present Value (APV), Método de avaliação relativa através de múltiplos e o Dividend Discount Model. Através destes métodos foi obtido um preço-alvo de 20,0€ por ação para 2021YE.
A Covid-19 teve um grande impacto na avaliação da Mondi plc. Os riscos derivados da pandemia Covid-19 são difíceis de interpretar, uma vez que não se sabe durante quanto tempo a pandemia vai durar. A minha recomendação de investimento para a Mondi plc é HOLD, com um upside potencial de 13,4%.<br>During this equity research the stock price of Mondi plc was fluctuating heavily due to COVID-19. However, Mondi plc is a mature and vertical integrated company, two important aspects why Mondi plc is strong to survive the uncertainties of COVID-19. This pandemic will have a structural change on the value chain of Mondi plc.
This valuation has as a valuation date as of Friday the 6th of November 2020, on which the stock price was on €17,64/sh. This valuation is assessed as medium risk. For the valuation four different valuation methods were used: The discounted Cash Flow Method (DCF), Adjusted Present Value Method (APV), Relative valuation Method (Multiples) and the Dividend Discount Model. These different valuations led to a target price of €20,0/sh for 2021YE.
COVID-19 had a heavy impact on the valuation of Mondi plc. The risks regarding COVID-19 are hard to interpret since it is unknown how long this pandemic will last. To HOLD is my recommendation for Mondi plc with an upside potential of 13,4%.<br>info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion
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Rodrigues, Nélia Rafaela Figueira. "Equity research - The Navigator Company, S.A." Master's thesis, Instituto Superior de Economia e Gestão, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/10400.5/17659.
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Mestrado em Finanças<br>Neste Trabalho Final de Mestrado foi realizada uma Avaliação da empresa The Navigator Company, S.A. Tendo em conta a relevância do CFA Institute, bem como a relação entre o ISEG e o CFA, foi decidido seguir as orientações do CFA na realização deste Trabalho.
A escolha da The Navigator Company tornou-se clara, depois de conhecer melhor esta empresa que tem por base a floresta e seus derivados. É uma empresa portuguesa de sucesso, um exemplo do potencial que as empresas portuguesas têm para contribuir para a criação de riqueza no nosso País. A Navigator é a terceira maior exportadora de Portugal com 1,3 biliões de euros em exportações, contribuindo com 1% para o total do PIB nacional. É também uma das maiores empregadoras do país e um grande produtor de eletricidade, tendo contribuído com 4% da produção de energia em 2017, principalmente a partir de energia renovável de biomassa.
Foi realizada uma Avaliação através da Abordagem do Discounted Cash Flow (DCF) pelo Método do Adjusted Present Value (APV), tendo sido atingido o Preço-Alvo de 4.845€ para o ano de 2018, que representa um potencial de valorização de 13,94% em relação ao último preço registado pela empresa em 2017, de 4.252€. Foi também realizado a abordagem pelo Método de Múltiplos de Mercado, que retornou um Preço-Alvo de 2.887€, neste caso, inferior ao Último Preço registado pelas Ações da Navigator. Este fato foi atribuído às especificidades da Navigator em relação aos seus pares. A empresa possui um risco médio.<br>In this Final Master's Work was carried out an Evaluation of the company The Navigator Company, S.A. Taking into account the relevance of the CFA Institute, as well as the relationship between ISEG and the CFA, it was decided to follow the CFA guidelines in the accomplishment of this Work.
The choice of The Navigator Company became clear after knowing better this company that is based on the forest and its derivatives. It is a successful Portuguese company, an example of the potential that Portuguese companies have to contribute to the creation of wealth in our country. Navigator is the third largest exporter in Portugal with 1.3 billion euros in exports, contributing 1% for the total national GDP. It is also one of the largest employers in the country and a major electricity producer, having contributed with 4% of energy production in 2017, mainly from biomass renewable energy.
A Discounted Cash Flow (DCF) Approach was carried out using the Adjusted Present Value Method (APV), with a target price of €4,845 for the year 2018, which represents a recovery potential of 13.94 % compared to the last price registered by the company in 2017, of €4,252. The Market Multiples approach was also carried out, which returned a Target Price of €2,887, in this case, lower than the Last Price recorded by the Navigator Shares. This fact was attributed to the specifics of the Navigator in relation to its peers. The company has an average risk.<br>info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion
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Marcelino, Verónica Isabel Pereira. "Equity research – The Navigator Company, S.A." Master's thesis, Instituto Superior de Economia e Gestão, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/10400.5/19326.
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Mestrado em Finanças<br>O presente projeto propõe-se a realizar uma avaliação de uma das mais conhecidas empresas portuguesas, atualmente em bolsa na Euronext Sociedade Gestora de Mercados Regulamentados, S.A. (Euronext), The Navigator Company S.A., adotando para isso o formato recomendado pelo CFA Institute.
Embora a Navigator opere na já muito estagnada indústria do papel e da pasta e, tenha iniciado a sua história ainda nos anos 50, continua inteiramente dedicada a inovar e a entrar em novas áreas de negócio.
Esta avaliação será desenvolvida atráves de um Método Absoluto e, um Relativo, sendo esta escolha diversificada justificada pela elevada variedade de outputs.
Este relatório foi escrito em concordância com a informação disponível a 3 de Agosto de 2019, não devendo qualquer evento subsequente a este ser considerado nesta avaliação.
O preço alvo a 3 de Agosto de 2019 era de 3.09, representando um potencial de 6.8%, de acordo com o modelo de Fluxos de Caixa Descontados.
É então emitida uma recomendação de COMPRA para as ações da Navigator, considerando o nível médio de risco apresentado, maioritariamente devido à volatilidade dos preços de BHKP, à perda global de poder do papel e, à instabilidade no mercado asiático.<br>The present master´s project proposes to perform a valuation, in order to estimate the equity value of one of the most well-known Portuguese companies, currently trading at Euronext Sociedade Gestora de Mercados Regulamentados, S.A. (Euronext), The Navigator Company, S.A., while adopting the research report format recommended by the CFA institute.
Navigator operates in the much stagnated industry of paper and pulp and, even though it started its history in the 50´s, it is still fully committed to innovate and enter new areas of business.
This valuation will be developed through one Absolute and, one Relative model, being this choice diversity due to the vast variety of model outputs.
This report was written in accordance with the information available on August 3rd, 2019, and any event subsequent to this date shall not be considered on this valuation.
The target price on August 3rd, 2019 was 3.09, representing a 6.8% upside potential accordingly with the Discounted Cash Flow method.
It is then issued a BUY recommendation for Navigator´s stock, also considering the medium risk presented, mainly due to the volatility of BHKP prices, paper loss of global power and, instability on the Asian market.<br>info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion
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Aiken, Gregg W. "The use of a char pile reactor to study char bed processes." Diss., Georgia Institute of Technology, 1988. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/5734.
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Mungendje, Louis. "The causal relationship between road transport infrastructure development and economic growth in Namibia (1990-2014)." Thesis, University Of Cape Town, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/29943.
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The major aim of the study was to examine the short and long-run relationships and directional causality flow between road transport infrastructure development and economic growth in Namibia for the period 1990-2014. To achieve this objective, the study adopted the auto regression distributive lag (ARDL) Bounds testing approach to co-integration, to examine the short-run and long-run relationship between economic growth and transportation infrastructure in Namibia. The data was sourced from the World Bank Database on GDP from 1990 to 2014, the Namibia National Planning Commission MTEF (Medium-Term Expenditure Framework from 1990-2015) and the Roads Authority Annual Reports from 1999 to 2014, which were imported into the E-view tool to run quarterly regressions from 1990 - 2014. The results confirm a relationship among the variables. The Bounds test results indicated that there exists a long-run relationship among the variables under study. The estimated long-run model showed that there is a statistically insignificant positive relationship between expenditure on road transport and economic growth as well as between information communication technology and economic growth in Namibia. However, the short-run model revealed a positive and statistically significant relationship between expenditure on road transport and economic growth. Conversely, both the long-run and short-run estimates showed a statistically insignificant and negative relationship between foreign direct investment and economic growth. Lastly, the Granger causality test results showed no causality between expenditure on road transport and economic growth in Namibia. The present study offers fresh insights to policy makers on crafting appropriate policies to regulate tax consolidation revenue and infrastructure levies collection; secondly, to boost public sector borrowing on international capital markets through bond issues, infrastructure funds and revenue bonds; thirdly, to develop partner financing business models through sector budget support; fourthly, to secure private sector financing through a private debt, private equity or capital structure leveraging business model; and lastly, implementing fast-tightened fiscal and monetary policy measures on foreign direct investment which currently severely affect Namibian capital outflows.
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Noggle, Jessica Joy. "Eastern mosquitofish as a bioindicator of pulp and paper mill effluents." [Gainesville, Fla.] : University of Florida, 2005. http://purl.fcla.edu/fcla/etd/UFE0009720.
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Thesis (Ph.D.)--University of Florida, 2005.<br>Typescript. Title from title page of source document. Document formatted into pages; contains 277 pages. Includes Vita. Includes bibliographical references.
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Romanchuk, Judith Kay. "Exploring the Epistemological Views of Advanced Student Writers during the Research Paper Process." Digital Archive @ GSU, 2007. http://digitalarchive.gsu.edu/msit_diss/19.
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The strong hold of the research paper on the English curriculum over the past fifty years has created instructional and learning challenges that call for innovative solutions. Although concerned educators have developed creative variations to spark student interest and promote critical thinking, research has revealed little change in curriculum design or student performance on the research paper, even with advanced ability students (Ford, 1995; Moulton & Holmes, 2003). The purpose of this qualitative study was to explore how students’ perceptions of the knowledge task presented by a literary analysis research paper related to research and composing strategies for five twelfth-grade advanced students. Social constructivism (Creswell, 2003; Vygotsky, 1934/1986) and phenomenology (Schutz, 1967; Seidman, 1998) served as theoretical frameworks for the study. Three questions guided the research: 1) How might students’ epistemological views be described as they initiate the research paper process? 2) How do students’ epistemological views relate to the choices they make during the research and composing processes? 3) How do students’ epistemological views relate to the final research product? Data collection and analysis occurred over an eight-month period. Data sources included an epistemological questionnaire (Schommer, 1989), four in-depth phenomenological interviews (Seidman, 1998) conducted with each student at drafting stages, member checking, discourse analysis of free responses and essay drafts, and a researcher’s log. Constant comparative in-case and cross-case analysis (Glaser & Strauss, 1967; Miles & Huberman, 1994) were used to analyze data. Holistic and four-dimension rubric scoring (content, organization, style, conventions) was used to analyze and evaluate the final essays. Trustworthiness was established through methods that ensured credibility, confirmability, dependability, and transferability (Lincoln & Guba, 1985). While participants expressed strong beliefs in complex knowledge and demonstrated high levels of reflective thinking, they differed in their views towards certain knowledge, which resulted in variations in composing strategies and essay quality. Significant relationships were indicated between knowledge views and concept formation, knowledge views and composing strategies, problem solving and the research experience, and reflective thinking and academic challenge. Prior knowledge, motivation, and gender also contributed to different outcomes. Results suggested important directions for research paper design and instruction in the language arts curriculum.
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Crespo, Cuaresma Jesus, Harald Oberhofer, Karlis Smits, and Gallina A. Vincelette. "Drivers of Convergence in Eleven Eastern European Countries, Policy Research Working Paper, 6185." World Bank, 2012. http://epub.wu.ac.at/5522/1/wps6185.pdf.
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This paper investigates the drivers of growth and prosperity in a group of eleven European countries -- Bulgaria, Croatia, the Czech Republic, Estonia, Hungary, Latvia, Lithuania, Poland, Romania, Slovenia, and Slovakia (the EU11). Since the EU11 began the transformation process, this group of emerging countries has made impressive strides as developing market economies and is anchoring development in European Union institutions. There are reasons to believe that the convergence of EU11 income per capita to Western European levels will continue, but will proceed more slowly. The paper concludes that trade and financial integration have sped along at a spectacular pace in the EU11 in the recent past, although trade in modern services and the integration of government bond and equity markets are somewhat behind. As in the rest of Europe, demographic developments will pose huge challenges for the sustainability of public finance in the EU11 economies. In the next several decades, the EU11 labor force is expected to contract more than labor forces in the rest of the European Union, making it even more urgent that countries in the region reform pension systems, change migration policy, and find incentives to attract talent to the region. Closing the gap with the rest of the European Union in educational attainment levels and improving education quality might significantly soften the constraints imposed by the demographic threats and produce sizable returns in terms of additional income convergence.
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Weiss, David Mark. "In-Situ Educational Research from Concept to Classroom Implementation: A Multiple Paper Dissertation." DigitalCommons@USU, 2018. https://digitalcommons.usu.edu/etd/6930.
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An educational researcher sought to collaborate with a classroom instructor to introduce problem-based learning as a new teaching intervention. First, a classroom instructor was approached to consider how a problem-based learning instructional approach might fit with their existing curriculum plan. The researcher and the classroom teacher used a discussion framework to decide together how to best design a professional learning course meant to prepare the teacher to use the new techniques in their classroom. The teacher took the professional learning course and subsequently designed his own problem-based learning course. That course was then delivered to undergraduate students in a college senior thermo-fluids lab course. Quantitative and qualitative data describe how students recognized the connection between the lab course and their perceptions of a future career as engineers. Preliminary findings suggest the researcher and teacher professional learning codesign process contributed positively to the classroom teachers developing and delivering their own PBL course that was perceived by students to contribute positively to their content knowledge, motivation and perception of their future career as engineers.
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Van, Minden Jack. "Personal variables of wholesale salespersons' performance : the case of Dutch paper wholesale companies." Thesis, Brunel University, 1999. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.299383.
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Stein, Kenneth John. "A study of factors affecting queen survival, nest initiation, and nest development in the baldfaced hornet Dolichovespula maculata (L.) (Hymenoptera:Vespidae)." Diss., Virginia Tech, 1990. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/39815.
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El-Darazi, Samir. "DEVELOPMENT OF THE TEAR-PEEL TEST FOR PAPER TOWELS." Miami University / OhioLINK, 2011. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=miami1297374563.
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Kimani, Duane. "Biodiesel and Hydrogen Production : A Study of Nostoc sp. in Pulp and Paper Wastewater." Thesis, Umeå universitet, Institutionen för tillämpad fysik och elektronik, 2016. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-125085.
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The modernized world is over-consuming low-cost energy sources that strongly contributes to environmental stress. As a consequence, the interest for environmentally friendly alternatives has increased immensely. One such alternative is utilizing the diazotrophic nature of the heterocystous filamentous cyanobacteria Nostoc sp. as feedstock for biodiesel and hydrogen production using pulp and paper wastewater – a phosphorous and nitrogen deficient medium. In this work, biodiesel and hydrogen production was studied with respect to three main aspects: biodiesel quality properties, lipid content and hydrogen production coupled with a preliminary study investigating the luminous effects on the biomass and biodiesel quality properties when exposed to low (50 μEm-2s-1), medium (150 μEm-2s-1) and high light (300 μEm-2s- 1). The preliminary study showed that an increase of light intensity was associated with parabolic results for biomass following the 10-day cultivation period, with the medium light intensity showing an average dried weight of at the most 203% greater than the two other light intensities. When analysing the FAME- composition, similar results were demonstrated for the fatty acid constituents preferred for biofuel applications, C18:1 and C18:2 fatty acids, where the low, medium and high light showed an accumulative 34.65, 43.1 and 31.6 dwt % respectively. The strain could be of interest as feedstock for biodiesel when cultivated in pulp and paper wastewater, due to the positive results pertaining to the lipid content and biodiesel quality properties. Following the 10-day cultivation period the lipid content obtained was 35.9 dwt %. The biodiesel quality properties were tested to assess the strains suitability for biodiesel and were tested to ensure its accordance to the standards on commercial biodiesel quality; European Standard for Biodiesel as heating oil (EN 14213) and European Biodiesel Standard (EN 14214). The critical parameters tested were the regulated (iodine value, cetane number, density, viscosity, pour point, cold filter plugging point, oxidative stability) and unregulated (FAME-composition) fuel properties. Results obtained showed values within the regulated values set by the different standards. However, due to a high saturated fatty acid content, the strain showed inadequate low temperature flow properties (cloud point, pour point and the cold filter plugging point). This study shows that this strain has a low potential for hydrogen production, with a hydrogen production of 0.13 nmol/mg dry wt/h following the 10-day cultivation period. This low hydrogen production could be attributed to the among other things the current growth phase of the cyanobacteria. Chemical analyses were conducted for revealing the total nitrogen, total phosphorus and chemical oxygen demand (COD) content. Following the 10-day cultivation period, the samples showed a 22% decrease in phosphorous concentration, 11% decrease in COD concentration and 51% increase of nitrogen concentration. The probable causes for this increase is the Nostoc’s diazotrophic nature and the ammonium excretion nitrogen fixation entails, as well as the nitrogen release following the final algal growth phase – the death phase. In conclusion, the results showed great potential, however, further studies are recommended investigating the changes that occurs during cultivation period to further assess the strains potential as well as assessing the continuity of the results with a greater initial cellular concentration. Nonetheless, due to the positive results obtained regarding the nutrient uptake, biodiesel and hydrogen production, this study shows potential for further optimization for the use of Nostoc grown in pulp and paper wastewater for wastewater treatment, biodiesel and/or hydrogen production.
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Burchnall, Mark. "An Experimental Study of the Rate Dependencies of a Nonwoven Paper Substrate in Tension using Constitutive Relations." University of Cincinnati / OhioLINK, 2012. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ucin1327068014.
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Calixto, Vivian dos Santos. "A disciplina de Monografia como espaço de produzir experiências sobre a docência mediadas pela escrita e no coletivo: potência na formação de professores-pesquisadores." reponame:Repositório Institucional da FURG, 2013. http://repositorio.furg.br/handle/1/4821.
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Previous issue date: 2013<br>Esta pesquisa apresenta algumas compreensões acerca da constituição de licenciandos formandos ao longo do processo de produção de pesquisa, na disciplina de Trabalho de Conclusão de Curso – Monografia1, do Curso de Química – Licenciatura da Universidade
Federal do Rio Grande (FURG). Foram analisadas as escritas dos diários de pesquisa de dezessete licenciandos, produzidos em 2010, com o objetivo de compreender a formação de professores-pesquisadores ao fazer pesquisa na disciplina de monografia. A necessidade e a busca por teóricos foram surgindo e se tornando mais conectadas à pesquisa realizada, sob a forma de uma curiosidade epistemológica (FREIRE, 1996); à medida que a pesquisa progredia, novas questões surgiam e orientavam a escrita e as leituras. Foi necessário compreender que professor-pesquisador é o que investiga e busca, em sua prática, compreensões e aprendizagens, por meio da relação entre ensinar e aprender (GALIAZZI, 2011; MALDANER, 2006). Além de questões articuladas a formação de professores, da estrutura da licenciatura foco da pesquisa e do ambiente em que as informações foram produzidas pelos colaboradores de pesquisa. A própria escrita envolvida na produção dos diários demandou imersão e estudo, pois se escreve para pensar e, na formação de professores, a potencialidade envolvida é muito instigante e envolvente. A metodologia de análise dos diários de pesquisa está ancorada na Análise Textual Discursiva (ATD), desenvolvida por Moraes e Galiazzi (2007). Da análise dos dezessete diários via ATD, por meio da unitarização e categorização, chegou-se a 459 unidades de significados, 48 categorias iniciais, 8 categorias intermediárias e 3 categorias finais. As três categorias finais são: A temática na pesquisa: a vivência dos estágios produzindo experiências sobre ser professor-pesquisador; A escrita como forma de constituir-se professor-pesquisador: pensar a pesquisa a partir de si em si e dos outros em si e Uma Comunidade Aprendente sobre fazer pesquisa em Educação Química. Como proposta de expor as compreensões construídas sobre os processos de formação desses licenciandos, fez-se a opção de, por meio de um jogo de trilha baseado no desenvolvido por Pereira (1996), pensar e problematizar os percursos de vir a ser professor-pesquisador expostos nas categorias. Diante da análise e do estudo realizado, pode-se compreender que a constituição do professor-pesquisador é fundamentada pelo trabalho coletivo, por espaços de diálogo e escrita, na interação com a escola e na compreensão de aprendizagem e pesquisa a partir da prática.<br>This study leads to some understanding about Chemistry seniors’ education pr (teaching degree) while they carried out a research in a course called Final Paper Writing at the Universidade Federal do Rio Grande (FURG), in Rio Grande, RS, Brazil. Research diaries written in 2010 by seventeen seniors were analyzed so that the education process of teachers-researchers could be followed as they carried out their research in the course in final paper writing. The need and the search for theoreticians emerged gradually and got more connected to the research as a type of epistemological curiosity (FREIRE, 1996); new questions rose and guided writing and reading as the research went on. It had to be understood that the teacher-researcher is the one who investigates and searches for understanding and learning in his/her practice through the relation between teaching and learning (GALIAZZI, 2011; MALDANER, 2006). Besides questions about teacher education and the structure of the Chemistry course (teaching degree), the focus of the research was the environment in which information was yielded by its participants. Writing the diaries required immersion and study since writing is a tool for thinking; in teacher education, the potential it carries is riveting and attractive. Textual Discourse Analysis (TDA), developed by Moraes and Galiazzi (2007), was the methodology used for the analysis of the seventeen research diaries. The unitarization and categorization processes led to 459 meaning units, 48 initial categories, 8 intermediate categories and 3 final categories, which are: Themes in research: apprenticeship processes that yield experiences about being a teacher-researcher; Writing as a way to become a teacher-researcher: thinking of research based on oneself and on the others; and A Learning Community about how to do research in Chemical Education. The proposal which showed how the students’ education process was developed comprised a Nine Men’s Morris game, based on the one designed by Pereira (1996), to think about and problematize the ups and downs of being a teacher-researcher mentioned in the categories. This study and its analysis enables us to understand that a teacher-researcher’s education process is based on collective work, on spaces where dialogues and writing develop, on the interaction with the school and on the understanding of learning and research in practice.
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Hamrén, Oskar. "Mobile phones and cloud computing : A quantitative research paper on mobile phone application offloading by cloud computing utilization." Thesis, Umeå universitet, Institutionen för informatik, 2012. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-60741.
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The development of the mobile phone has been rapid. From being a device mainly usedfor phone calls and writing text messages the mobile phone of today, or commonlyreferred to as the smartphone, has become a multi-purpose device. Because of its size andthermal constraints there are certain limitations in areas of battery life andcomputational capabilities. Some say that cloud computing is just another buzzword, away to sell already existing technology. Others claim that it has the potential to transformthe whole IT-industry. This thesis is covering the intersection of these two fields byinvestigating if it is possible to increase the speed of mobile phones by offloadingcomputational heavy mobile phone application functions by using cloud computing. Amobile phone application was developed that conducts three computational heavy tests.The tests were run twice, by not using cloud computing offloading and by using it. Thetime taken to carry out the tests were saved and later compared to see if it is faster to usecloud computing in comparison to not use it. The results showed that it is not beneficial touse cloud computing to carry out these types of tasks; it is faster to use the mobile phone.
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Davison, N. "Bradford Non-Lethal Weapons Research Project (BNLWRP). Occasional Paper No. 1. The Early History of ¿Non-Lethal¿ Weapons." University of Bradford, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/10454/3994.
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yes<br>This paper explores the early history of ¿non-lethal¿1 weapons development
covering the period from the 1960¿s, when several diverse weapons were first
grouped together in one category and described as ¿non-lethal¿ by law
enforcement end-users and policymakers, until 1989, just before the hugely
increased interest in the field that developed during the 1990¿s amongst both
police and military organisations. It describes the origins and emergence of
new weapons, examining this process with reference to technological
advances, wider socio-political context, legal developments, and evolution of
associated institutional structures. Developments in both the policing and
military spheres are considered as well as the interconnections between
them. Necessarily this paper focuses on events in the US2, in part because it
led the way in this field but also because sources of information on US
activities are more readily available.3.
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Davison, N. "Bradford Non-Lethal Weapons Research Project (BNLWRP). Occasional Paper No. 3. The Contemporary Development of ¿Non-Lethal¿ Weapons." University of Bradford, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/10454/3996.
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yes<br>This is the third in a series of Occasional Papers published by the Bradford
Non-Lethal Weapons Research Project. It addresses the contemporary
development of anti-personnel ¿non-lethal¿1 weapons, covering the period
from 2000 to 2006 inclusive2 and focusing on the research and development
programmes of the US Department of Defense and Department of Justice.
Following Occasional Paper No. 1, The Early History of "Non-Lethal"
Weapons,3 and Occasional Paper No. 2, The Development of ¿Non-Lethal¿
Weapons During the 1990¿s,4 this paper completes our analysis of the overall
development of ¿non-lethal¿ weapons from their inception up to the present
day.
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Öberseder, Magdalena, Bodo B. Schlegelmilch, and Verena Gruber. ""Why Don't Consumers Care about CSR?" - A Qualitative Study Exploring the Role of CSR in Consumption Decisions. Empirical Paper." Springer, 2011. http://epub.wu.ac.at/3281/2/Why_dont_you_care_about_CSR.pdf.
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There is an unresolved paradox concerning the role of corporate social responsibility (CSR) in consumer behavior. On the one hand, consumers demand more and more CSR information from corporations. On the other hand, research indicates a considerable gap between consumers' apparent interest in CSR and the limited role of CSR in purchase behavior. This paper attempts to shed light on this paradox by drawing on qualitative data from in-depth interviews. The findings show that the evaluation of CSR initiatives is a complex and hierarchically-structured process, where consumers distinguish between core, central, and peripheral factors. This paper describes these factors in detail and explains the complexity of consumers' assessment of CSR. These insights then serve as a basis for discussing the theoretical and managerial implications of the research findings. To this end, the paper contributes to a better understanding of the role of CSR in consumption decisions.
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Castro, Maria das Graças Monteiro. "O artigo científico como mercadoria acadêmica." Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2018. http://repositorio.bc.ufg.br/tede/handle/tede/9019.
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Previous issue date: 2018-09-25<br>This research study is based on the premise that the research article has become one of the most privileged means of constructing and communicating the knowledge produced in universities, and even the only yardstick for measuring intellectual and scientific work in various fields of expertise. Thus, it aims to address the political, economic, and cultural determinations underlying the centrality of the research article as the most valued product of the Brazilian public university; its implications for scholars’ working conditions; the effects of research and intellectual production for the academic career. This study is grounded on the neoliberal paradigm within the context of globalisation, a paradigm which has determined economic changes in Brazil since the 1990s and imposed a productivist logic as a way to regulate global reorganisation of the economy and of labour. Work productivity is viewed as central to this form of capital accumulation, transforming the general conditions of production and of labour. The implementation of a neoliberal policy in Brazil in the last two decades has promoted a higher education reform and a new configuration of public universities. Discussing the role of universities in a neoliberal world from a Marxist perspective reveals, therefore, the process of neoliberalisation in public universities and the significant changes brought about to the work of scholars. By addressing the nature of academic work and its productivist logic, this study examines the leading role of the research article within Brazilian scientific production and the homogenisation of forms and values assigned by the metrication of productivity assessment. It offers a discussion of assessment notions guiding current political interventions, the role of the Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (Capes) in implementing an assessment policy that acts as
an instrument of control and regulation, and the research article as a form of academic merchandise.<br>Esta pesquisa de doutorado, desenvolvida no Programa de Pós-Graduação em Educação, na linha de pesquisa Fundamentos dos Processos Educativos. Ao identificar o artigo científico como um dos meios mais privilegiados da construção e comunicação do conhecimento produzido na universidade, o presente trabalho tem como objetivo compreender como a atividade científica passa a ser organizada e direcionada com base em classificações que se focam em resultados e produtos, influenciada por um modelo produtivista. A partir dessa premissa, o trabalho buscou situar no processo de produção e publicização do conhecimento, o papel do artigo científico como um dos meios mais privilegiados nos processos de avaliação do trabalho docente e discutir: quais foram as determinações constitutivas da centralidade do artigo científico, como produto mais valorado, na universidade pública brasileira e como ele se torna uma mercadoria acadêmica, que implicará nas condições do trabalho e carreira docentes. Trata-se de um estudo teórico com base na análise do trabalho produtivo na perspectiva marxista e em parte documental, a partir das análise de documentos oficiais do Mec e da Capes que estruturaram as alterações nos processos avaliativos do trabalho docente, a partir de 1995. Esse estudo busca apontar para um construto que permita discutir e entender as mudanças sócio históricas no meio universitário que levaram à tendência do artigo científico se transformar em mercadoria nos processos de avaliação acadêmicos. A pesquisa se pauta pela compreensão da concepção neoliberalista no contexto da globalização, que impulsionou mudanças econômicas, no Estado brasileiro, a partir da década de 1990. Essas mudanças impõem uma lógica produtivista como forma de regular a reorganização mundial da economia e do trabalho. Com isso, a produtividade no processo de trabalho é o ponto central dessa forma de acumulação do capital, que altera as condições gerais de produção e do mundo do trabalho. Dessa forma, a implementação da política neoliberal no Estado brasileiro, nesse período, promove profundas alterações na universidade brasileira e reconfigurando o trabalho acadêmico. Na discussão sobre a universidade no mundo neoliberal, fica claro tanto o processo de neoliberalização na universidade pública quanto as significativas alterações operadas no trabalho docente, tendo por fundamento a análise do trabalho produtivo, sob a perspectiva marxista. Essa discussão abrange tópicos como a natureza do trabalho acadêmico e o produtivismo nele materializado. Assim, caracteriza-se o protagonismo do artigo científico na produção científica no Brasil e o processo de homogeneização de formas e valores com base na metrificação da avaliação da produtividade. Nesses meandros, questionam-se as concepções de avaliação que orientam as intervenções políticas contemporâneas, a atuação da Capes na implantação de uma política de avaliação como instrumento de controle e regulação, e o artigo científico como forma de mercadoria acadêmica.
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fen, chiu shu, and 邱淑芬. "Research of budaha a paper." Thesis, 2009. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/03019992431368845858.
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碩士<br>玄奘大學<br>中國語文學系碩士在職專班<br>97<br>本論文，以大正新修大藏經（簡稱大正藏）第53冊中的《經律異相》與《法苑珠林》為文本，旁及相關著作。
筆者抽離了《法苑珠林》中涉及以中土為例的「感應緣」部分，純粹針對二書中述及天人的部分進行整理、歸納、分析為研究方法，試圖從中對「諸天」進一步探討與瞭解。
論文共分為六章。第一章是為緒論，第二章就《經律異相》與《法苑珠林》的作者、內容與體例作一介紹。第三章言諸天概說，從天的層級、諸天成員等進行敘述。第四章言眾生的生天因緣；其因包括皈依三寶、尊塔、布施、持戒、慈善、歡喜讚歎及恃福等，這些都是往生天趣的因緣。第五章則諸天的三業；有禮讚供養、廣發慈心、感念報恩、聞法增上、試探發心菩薩、真情流露及天魔之戰等，諸天們在天界中的種種行為於此章詳加論述。第六章是為結論。
所謂善惡如影隨形，生前所造的微善、微惡都如影子般跟隨至來世。天界之眾，則是造善得以往生，而造善有多種，是以「殊途同歸邁天界」為其途徑，共歸納為三項：因仰仗三寶之力生天、因敬信三寶之力生天、因莊嚴起而效學生天。而在天趣的諸天，如何經營天命，又如何展現天貌，則以「經營天命現天貌」為結語，共歸納為七項：禮讚供養表天意、慈悲喜捨遍天界、飲水思源報恩情、聞法得道獲增上、百般干擾阻菩薩、真心流露現天情、天魔之戰顯天力。
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HSU, KUEI-JUNG, and 徐貴榮. "Taiwan Taoyuan Raoping Hakkanese research paper." Thesis, 2002. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/36248525284391528736.
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碩士<br>國立新竹師範學院<br>臺灣語言與語文教育研究所<br>90<br>According to racial pedigree, the Raoping Hakka immigrated from old Yuan-Kao Du, Raoping County, Guãngdóng. Their decendants spread all over Taiwan. But today, only those who are located in Taoyuan, Shinchu, and Miaoli area can speak Raoping Hakka. Other Hakka descendants now take Fūjian min, Four County and Hăilư Hakka as their mother tongue. Researches on Raoping Hakka are few. Major references now exist are “Features about Raoping Sonrao Hakka” published in “Dialects, Raoping County Journal” (1992,5) by Tzeng Pó Huĩ in Mainland China and Lű Sőng Yán’s thesis, “Taiwan Raoping Dialects” (1993,6) in Taiwan.
In this research, the author is in light of the lost of Raoping Hakka, and carries out his survey on six different dialect regions, and divides all those regions into three groups by the features and differences of tone, intonation and rhyme. Those three groups are: Group A: Chi-Ba Li, Shin-Nan and Ping Chen; Group B: Shinwu Litochu and Group C: Guolin, ShinPo. Their structures are listed in Chapter 5. In Chapter 7, the author analyzes the tone, rhythm and rhyme of group A and analyze their intergradations from Middle Ancient times to modern times. In Chapter 8, the author discusses about the contemporary contact in dialect geography and compares Group B and C. From chapter 7 and 8, readers can gain a conclusion that, besides features of Hakka, the tone, intonation, and rhyme in Raoping Hakka have a lot in common with Fūjian Shaoan, PingHè, NanGin, DaPu, FongSuien Hakka. Those feathers can be shown in three aspects: 1 Consonants: the labiodental v could rhyme with YANG’ SHENG, abrupt tone CH’I CH’IH HU’(round: vien, dig:viet), most ancient SHI’ mother letters pronounces k’ (pants:k’u), the most obvious feature is that ancient CHEN HO’ K’OU pronounces f (water: fi, rain:vu). 2 Vowels: a few ancient SHEI SIR K’AI’ pronounce e (row: p’e shoes: he); the major vowels of ancient four level words pronounce e (younger brother: t’e listen:t’en pole:ten) those are features of ancient phonology. 3 Tone: With Ancient Upper Rising Tone combining with upper falling tone, the Roaping Hakka forms its rising tone. (BÜ=BÚ; DÎNG=DÌNG); ancient lower rising tone combining with lower falling tone, the Roaping Hakka forms its falling tone. (HAÎ=HAÍ; SÒ=SÓ) Based on those common phonological features, the author propose a new term on the undivided ChangChou, and ancient ChaoChou Hakka regions as “ Hakka Chang Chao Region”.
At the end of this thesis, the author analyzes the features in Raoping Hakka vocabulary. Raoping Hakka not only receives the effects from four counties, it is affected largely by Southern Fūjian min and is closer to Hailu Hakka. In daily dialects, the Japanese is dying out by and by. What takes the place in Hakka dialect is Mandarin. The young generations communicate more in Mandarin in their daily life. The last part is conclusion and further study plan. Allusions, jokes and slang are attached in Appendix.
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Lo, Hsin-Yu, and 羅欣瑜. "Research on Recommendation of Chinese Paper Reviewers." Thesis, 2007. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/74289679975562442615.
Full textAbstract:
碩士<br>淡江大學<br>資訊管理學系碩士班<br>95<br>As more e-journals appear and the e-review process becomes more popular, the demand for automatic recommendation of a good peer reviewer has been ever increasing. With its free and open source policy, OpenConf stands out as a popular system for automatic recommendation of reviewers and serves as a good benchmark for comparison of similar systems. After analysis of its source code, we found that OpenConf represents each reviewer or paper by a set of manually selected topics which are predefined. It also provides three ad hoc scoring methods for matching reviewers and papers. To automate the paper representation, this work evaluates 4 kinds of paper representation which include full text, abstract, title, and author defined keywords. To match reviewers and papers, this work evaluates 7 kinds of scoring methods which include 3 ad hoc methods from OpenConf and 4 variant methods from the traditional vector space model. The result of the 4x7=28 experiments shows that recommendation methods based on the vector space model are better than the 3 ad hoc methods of OpenConf in most document representations. Among them, the paper representation by the abstract combined with the matching by the cosine measure has the highest average precision.
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TSAI, Tong-Ho, and 蔡東和. "A Research on Taiwan Paper Industry Business Strategy." Thesis, 2004. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/32431283891282335263.
Full textAbstract:
碩士<br>國立交通大學<br>高階主管管理學程碩士班<br>92<br>Following the growth of Taiwan’s economy, the paper industry has become one of the most influential manufacturing industries in Taiwan. The paper industry belongs to the inner-demand industry, which is not only related to the growth rate of economy, but also is the indicator of economic prosperity. Over the five decades, especially, with the rapid growth in the last five to twenty years, it has established today’s niche for Taiwan’s paper industry. However, the economic growth and paper consumption in Taiwan has gradually saturated as well as those developed countries have encountered. Particularly, affected by the blooming growth in China recently and offshoring caused by the magnetic effects of investment in China, which again leads the Taiwan consumption into negative development. Furthermore, the impacts of trading liberation while entering into WTO, zero custom tax, rapid development of the China paper industry etc., which all will create a stringent challenge for the Taiwan Paper industry.
This Research will explain the characteristics of paper industry, and analyze the relationship between paper industry and economy development from the collective documentaries and research data. It will also state the outlook of paper industry, and discuss the environment of Taiwan, China as well as global paper industry. In order to analyze the advantage and weakness of the current status, and understand the stringent competitive environment, this research has took a close look on the Taiwan paper environment adapting the analysis of Five Forces and SWOT model.
The directions and strategies for future management of the Taiwan Paper industry are how the Taiwan paper industry to cultivate domestic products and improve their service, continuously maintains the local market. And, aiming at strategy development, exploring overseas paper market by increasing corporate revenue and profit, toward the goal of sustainable development. This research has concluded the guidance as following:
Cultivating in Taiwan, Sustaining the advantage
Expanding overseas businesses, Ensuring the growth
Creating Value by strengthening products and integrating service
Enabling IT technologies
Meeting Eco-efficiency, Toward sustainable development
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Ruan, Zhu-You, and 阮竹佑. "Research of Loading on Inverted-Triangle Paper Bridges." Thesis, 2006. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/71426410727263293966.
Full textAbstract:
碩士<br>國立嘉義大學<br>土木與水資源工程學系研究所<br>94<br>The purpose of this research is to study the best ratio of loading of inverted-triangel paper bridge. The results obtained from pre- vious competitions of loading on paper bridge show that the inverted- triangle paper bridge has better loading capacity than other paper bri- dge types. After the analysis of mechanical behavior of the members of the paper bridge, the tests of members, including the tensile test of paper tapes and the compressive test of bridge rods, and the test of loading on substantial paper bridges are proceeded respectively in the study. In the test of loading on substantial paper bridge, the results shows the B-10 paper bridge has the largest ratio of loading 3446.7, which is composed of a three-layer overlaped paper tape of 2.5cm wide, a bridge rod with a spread area of 30cm×40cm and with an ex- ternal diameter of 2.35cm, and two triangular bearings of 3cm×2.5cm
×3cm. Moreover, one piece of paper is added to the bearing which is wrapped around the bearing below.
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Hsu, Wei-Hao, and 徐偉豪. "Research Using E-Paper on Word Card Teaching." Thesis, 2017. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/4wgj8q.
Full textAbstract:
碩士<br>國立臺中科技大學<br>資訊工程系碩士班<br>105<br>Language learning is important to children. Children with better language ability have positive impact in their learning performance. The language ability allows a child to be more initiative to learn while adapting environmentally and socially. Due to the importance of language, many quick language learning methods have been presented. Word card learning is one such quick language learning methods. Word card learning requires cards to be organized depending on the content of a course. The purpose is for a child to accept visual and auditory stimulations to increase memorization of the contents of the cards. Games and group activities also encourage the child to use word card teaching method. However, as the difficulty and scope of a course increases demand for more cards also increases; thereby increasing the need for organization and management. A large amount of paper cards also produce a lot of paper wastage. This study proposed the use of digital electronic paper in place of a card in word card teaching. The digital display function could resolve the problem of card management and storage. The digital electronic paper content is controlled by the electronic paper control panel. Raspberry pie is used to manipulate the electronic paper control board and to save the card contents. Comparison is made between the digital card with the traditional paper card. Traditional paper cards require periodical inventory to make the cards are complete. Its reorganization requires card storage by numbers on the cards before and after using to keep the cards organized. In comparison, the digital card stores the cards digitally and only need one-time by index card management and the card cannot be missing, easily. The digital electronic paper is soft featured and has reflective display features which will not cause fatigue harming of children’s eyes from looking directly at the screen. These features make the digital electronic paper suitable for word card application. Digital word card can be used by preschool teachers to replace the paper card for word card teaching. It allows large amount of word card teaching without the burden card management. Without the restriction on the amount of word cards, word card teaching method can be used in many more types of courses. In future, the digital word card could be expanded to connect with the network and application software to expand card content such as colorful displays of electronic papers for cards to match more courses. Digital word card teaching no longer consumes paper or ink, and provides teachers to have a richer choice for teaching.
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Su, Chien-Yu, and 蘇建宇. "A Research Paper Recommender System Based on Topic Model." Thesis, 2014. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/00621969532873805100.
Full textAbstract:
碩士<br>國立中興大學<br>資訊科學與工程學系<br>102<br>With the increasing popularity of information technology services, collaborative filtering technique has been applied to research paper recommender systems. But collaborative filtering encounters cold-start problem in case of papers having no user feedbacks. For content-based analysis, vector space model is the most popular model for computing document similarity. However, this model suffers from sparsity problem. As a result, the similarity between documents is usually low.
In this thesis, we propose a research paper recommender system based on topic model and collaborative filtering. The topic model is used to find the correlation between keywords in order to alleviate the sparsity problem of the vector space model. We also use matrix factorization with least-square method to adjust the weight of factors describing the interests of users. The experimental results showed that the proposed method indeed provides better recommendation services to researchers in finding research papers of interests.
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Chen, Chi-Wen, and 陳杞彣. "RESEARCH ON RECYCLED PAPER MILLS RECYCLING THE SLAGGING PRODUCT." Thesis, 2006. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/27682871810704307239.
Full textAbstract:
碩士<br>元智大學<br>機械工程學系<br>94<br>Due to the raise of living quality, paper consumption are also increased in recent years. The portion of recycled paper is highly increased to meet the goal of environmental protection. The amount of used paper is about 200 tons last year. Paper mills use landfill, incineration or co-fired to handle the used paper problem. Landfill will cause a lot impact to the environment. Incineration will produce dioxin and need to invest a lot of money for the pollution control equipments.
To resolve this problem, some research use circulating fluidized bed gasified boiler to burn the paper reject and obtain the combustible gases .to provide PC boilers as the gas fuel. Although the gasified process can eliminate some major problems of the incineration or co-fired, people still can not handle the forming product (such as glass, sand) of the hydro-cyclone machine. In addition, the ashes still need to be processed by landfill. To improve this process, we intend to use high temperature (1500 to 2000 ) plasma gasified process to handle the slagging product. With suitable adjustment of the additives, they can be used as F-class or C-class cement.
The research goals are :
(1) Adjustment of sludge, paper reject and sand, glasses from hydro-cyclone to proceed the gasification process. Use XRF to analyze the concentration of slagging, and compare with the F-class and C-class cement and conclude the optimized propotions of fuel.
(2) Adjustment of various propotions of fuel to proceed the gasification process. Use GC to study the concentration of the syn gas. Also, the calorific value and char content of the syn gas will be analyzed to calculate the conversion factor.
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Liu, Yi-Wen, and 劉怡雯. "The Research of Product Design in Chinese Paper-Cut." Thesis, 2010. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/84746248841661177582.
Full textAbstract:
碩士<br>大同大學<br>工業設計學系(所)<br>98<br>"Paper-cutting" is a popular form of traditional Chinese art, often used in religious ceremonies, decoration and formed into decorative arts of life. In traditional Chinese customs, during the day of a daughter’s wedding, the dowry is usually covered with auspicious paper cutting shapes filled with festiveness and symbolizing joyous reunions and cheerfulness. The pattern characteristic of heaven, earth, people and all things related demonstrates the humanistic spirit of the people-oriented ideology, so paper-cutting shows the meaning of the rituals of traditional Chinese thought and spirit.
During this study’s exploration of the art of paper cutting we discovered that Chinese paper cutting has the potential for reunion images. After in-depth study of the historical origin and development of paper cutting, followed by in-depth analysis of the meanings of paper cutting and customary application, and then turn the patterns into abstract form and creative design specifics used in product design, this study can become an example for future studies of cultural design.
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HSIEH, CHIA-JU, and 謝佳茹. "The Digital Paper-cut Shape of Poster Creations Research." Thesis, 2017. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/90740806831286250871.
Full textAbstract:
碩士<br>朝陽科技大學<br>工業設計系<br>105<br>From ancient times, it has been found that the presentation of paper-cutting techniques is not limited to paper, but also can be found on leather and cloth. However, its main purpose is to be used for praying and blessing, so its cultural meaning is greater than art itself, and also because of cultural significance, due to this reason, paper-cutting techniques are mostly used for the cultural level of the design.
This research explores the origin of paper-cut art, technique and the using of paper-cut on poster by literature study, and applies the results of the study to the case analysis to get a more accurate conclusion. In the aspect of design, this research three paper-cut posters series are planned: (1) Irony New year paper-cut, (2) Poker paper-cut, (3) Gestalt paper-cut, using the techniques of eastern and western paper-cutting and related cultural background, through the transformation of digital software, used in poster design, and through the paper-cut image to convey the meaning behind the poster. In the end, making the conclusions are focused on the design of digital paper-cut for poster design communication.
In the final part is the conclusion of the digital paper-cut used in the poster. We expected paper-cut art in addition to continue to maintain its own cultural characteristics, and also can be combine with the new creative elements, let this art can been shown by its’ own diversification side, and continue to pass on.
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Hsiao, Yu-Tzu, and 蕭郁慈. "A Research Paper Recommender System Based on Citation Analysis." Thesis, 2012. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/02194098266689231126.
Full textAbstract:
碩士<br>國立中興大學<br>資訊科學與工程學系所<br>100<br>The search for related work is a basic job that should be performed routinely by any researcher. Most of the researchers rely on search engine to find such information by using keywords. However, keyword-based search for research papers is very time-consuming because users need to check through each search result to be sure that is what they want, and the same process may be repeated in a short time in order to find new publications on the same topics.
In this thesis, we propose a research paper recommender system that incorporates citation analysis with content-based recommendation method. In the proposed method, three recommendation modes are provided. The first mode is to recommend papers based on keyword similarity by cited-by analysis. The second mode is to do recommendation based on the subject representing strong similarity among cited-by papers. The third mode is to do recommendation based on bibliographic coupling.
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李宜真. "The Research on Digital Creations of The Traditional Paper-cut." Thesis, 2008. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/jt4yud.
Full textAbstract:
碩士<br>國立臺灣師範大學<br>設計研究所<br>96<br>The traditional paper-cut is the fine art that is easy to make, the theme and the function are widespread popular in the folk. Making a Paper-cut needs a lot of cutting and drawing techniques. The shapes of paper-cut comprise the Chinese classical artistic style and the Western drawing succinct style. Nowadays these visual effects are still widespread in many ways. Therefore, this research will introduce the the visual characteristic of traditional paper-cut, and will try to make some paper-cut in digital way, and compare the difference between the traditional way and digital way.
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Wu, Kai-Yu, and 吳鎧宇. "A Creation Research of Applying Paper Material in Lighting Design." Thesis, 2011. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/03571163355948292769.
Full textAbstract:
碩士<br>國立臺灣師範大學<br>設計研究所<br>100<br>Paper has evolved from a medium on which we write and take notes to one of the essential alternatives of our daily necessity items ever since it was invented. This signifies how important and irreplaceable paper material is in our life. The inexpensive price and ease to work with make paper material presentable in various forms or applications. With the fast evolution of emerging materials, contemporary products are mostly made of metal or plastic. The variation of models is limited and the lighting fixtures themselves emit a sense of coldness. Paper material helps preserve the unique texture and create a multitude of 3D forms, and therefore there is an increasing number of innovated paper products available in the market.
The focus of this study was the investigation and analysis of paper materials for the future development. In addition to literature review, case studies were performed to investigate the presentation of different origami skills and the representative relation with light, hoping to introduce the combination of lighting fixture design and origami characteristics in future design and creation. In the design and creation phase, the creativeness and feasibility of origami were explored experimentally for the potential directions of creation. Mock-ups were made and examined to modify the designs and ultimately establish a one-of-a-kind origami lighting fixture creation.
Origami skills were used as the main structure of the creation. The bendable and extendable characteristics of origami were exploited to allow possible variations in the hope to make this creation a basis for origami lighting fixture development. Finally, the conclusions of the study are summarized as follows:
(1) Use of paper material and its structural features: the fields and scopes in which different paper materials can be used in daily life were understood, and it was learned that the unique structure of paper products helps improve and prolong the products’ service life.
(2) Relation between the morphology of paper lighting fixtures and environment: in our life, we often have different lighting fixtures for different environmental settings, thus creating different visual atmospheres. This is one of the factors that have influence on the change in the sense of space.
(3) Change of origami and representation of light: the structure features of different origami skills have influence on how the light is presented. In addition to origami difference, the type of paper used is one of the key factors of influence on light presentation. As a result, it is necessary to have a thorough knowledge and understanding among paper material, origami and type of light fixture in order to create a unique lighting fixture.
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Huang, Hong-Yuan, and 黃鴻源. "The domestic culture sells the strategy research with the paper." Thesis, 2010. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/11304318169264366644.
Full textAbstract:
碩士<br>國立勤益科技大學<br>研發科技與資訊管理研究所<br>98<br>Earth’s resources are far from being inexhaustible; as mankind attempts to conserve energy to preserve the natural environment, the use of renewable resources is really a more practical solution. Taiwan outputs approximately 1% of the world’s paper production but 90% of the pulp required for the manufacturing process comes from imports. Paper produced in Japan and Europe is most renowned in terms of its unparalleled quality. If a company were able to create a brand name and collaborate with a trustworthy OEM, it will be able to achieve better profit margin by enhancing the quality of printing/writing paper during the manufacturing process and raising the unit price.
In this research, relevant literature and expert opinions on five basic aspects of “quality, printing, price, environment and sales service” were elaborated into a questionnaire. The questionnaire was then distributed to relevant experts via the Delphi technique for completion before applying the AHP to compare the results of importance analysis for key items in pairs so as to identify the gaps pertaining to customer needs that require dire improvement. This is followed by the application of quality function deployment for the formulation of relevant strategies. Quality function deployment is one of the most recommended approaches of research and development in various domains around the world in recent years. It is used to define and quantify demand of quality from customers (i.e. voice of customers) and engineering characteristics (i.e. voice of engineering) that can be used by engineering designers as reference in product planning. The research concludes with ten important conclusions that cover customer expectation and engineering counter strategy values that will no doubt be very useful for business operators and prospective researchers wishing to conduct follow up studies.
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CHENG, LI-HUI, and 鄭麗慧. "Research on the Re-engineering of Traditional Gold Paper Industry." Thesis, 2019. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/546ev3.
Full textAbstract:
碩士<br>中國文化大學<br>國際企業管理學系碩士在職專班<br>107<br>The folk custom of using gold and silver foil paper in Taiwan has a history of more than 300 years. Since 1996, the government has been encouraging people to reduce gold and silver foil paper burning for environmental concerns, but that didn’t completely change the habits. The value of gold and silver foil paper still exists in folk customs. Traditional gold paper is an industry closely related to the folk belief culture. The government has not managed to propose an effective improving policy. Therefore, the focus of this study is how to reconstruct the traditional gold paper industry in Taiwan, considering the balance between customs and environmental protection.
This study takes the re-construction of the traditional gold paper industry as the premise, exposes the conflicts between sacrifice culture, the environmental protection regulations and the industry’s basic needs, analyzes relationship between the evolution of Taiwan's traditional gold paper industry and the policy development, proposes the feasible strategies and suggestions for industrial reconstruction. The author takes in-depth interview as the major research methodology. Based on the grounded theory analysis, through comparative compilation semantic analyzing and coding, the thesis concludes the research on the reconstruction of the traditional gold paper industry and proposed certain suggestions.
Through the relationship between the traditional gold foil industry and sacrifice culture, this study exposes that the purity of gold paper have its existence value, that the traditional gold paper making technique is environment friendly, that the public lacks systematic sacrifice culture knowledge, and that the government has not managed to propose a substantive solution. Through research on the feasible strategy of the traditional gold paper industry reconstruction, this study reveals that Taiwan has new opportunities to develop gold paper-based creative products, That Taiwan has abundant aged human resource to solve intensive labor dilemma in the industry, that the gold paper has its cultural meaning and aesthetic valve. From the cultural, industrial and policy aspects this study offers suggestions and proposes feasible strategies for the re-engineering of the traditional gold paper industry.
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Lu, Kuen-Huei, and 盧坤輝. "The Research in the Pasted-Paper Sculpture of Chang‚ Chiou-Shan." Thesis, 2012. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/82s6m2.
Full textAbstract:
碩士<br>國立臺北藝術大學<br>建築與文化資產研究所<br>100<br>The sculpture reflects the living of residents. And the continuities of sculpture tend to the sequences of traditional sculpture. There are a lot of struggling between tradition and modern times via variety. The result of this struggling is ignored the traditional sculpture. And how to keep and maintain it is so urgent. The main part of this research is the pasted-paper of traditional sculpture. The concrete research that tried to find the records and preserves of traditional sculpture is based on Chang Chiou-Shan who is a famous craftsman in the north of Taiwan. The main purpose is to realize the crisis of the downgrade in traditional sculpture. That’s included craftsman’s important technical old photos, histories, oral histories and the production memories of returning times. As an example of pasted-paper sculpture, the reasons of color, material, cutting paper, architecture and material technic that explores the continuity and changing tendency of the craftsman- Chang Chiou-Shan via the important old photos and records at Mou-Shin pasted-paper store.
Key words: pasted-paper, Chang Chiou-Shan, traditional sculpture, craftsman, material technic
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Gilbert, Sarah. "Supporting the Student Research-paper Writing Process: Activities, Technologies, and Sources." Thesis, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10222/14276.
Full textAbstract:
Students use a myriad of disparate technologies and information sources to conduct a variety of activities during the research-paper writing process. While this process is considered a complex task, there is no “information appliance” that provides support. Using established frameworks of the research-paper writing process, an online survey was conducted to describe how activities, sources, and technologies used by students during the process are related to the various phases of that process. Connections were made between activities and technologies to show how an information appliance may support the process from onset to completion. Results show that the activities conducted during the process are iterative. The design application is that some technologies, such as those that support searching, need not be viewable at all times, but must always be available. These connections provide further insight into the student research-paper writing process and provide an example of how design may support task.
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Chiang, Yi-shan, and 江易珊. "Research and Creative Design for Handmade Paper: The Guanyin Lotus Festival." Thesis, 2010. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/46609747946234413674.
Full textAbstract:
碩士<br>國立臺灣師範大學<br>美術學系<br>98<br>The culture of paper is the accumulation of time, records of human history and tradition. It's the carrier of emotions and memories, carrying our lives. The change in the media and the mode of transmission, while both the future of culture and communication are the way to the digital computer, electronic communication has become the mainstream of modern society, the paper industries will certainly lead to gradually declining; but relatively speaking, paper culture is all the more important. My hometown is in Guanyin Township, Taoyuan County, and the annual “Lotus Festival” is a very important event for local tourism, but the trend is gradual decline and commercialized year by year. This study hopes to combine the hometown festival culture and the arts of handmade-paper, pass and educate our traditional cultural heritage, also promoting local industry by creative paper design, recreate local aesthetics of life.
This thesis surveys the history and cultural significance of handmade-paper, to analyze the handmade-paper industry development in Taiwan. To research the successful paper design as examples, and to create handmade-paper and design relative products, hoping by the re-innovation and redesign of handmade-paper can develop business opportunities for Taiwan's new life aesthetics. The author went to C&J special papers (Philippines) INC., learning the procedures of making large handmade-paper. This project created new paper for "Guanyin Lotus Festival", as a material to design the peripheral products of "Guanyin Lotus Festival".
This research invented new handmade-paper of lotus, and use for "Guanyin Lotus Festival" products development. Basing on the traditional Chinese "lotus" cultural symbolization and aesthetic of life, create modern lotus Images of the handmade-paper, and use this material to develop such as lighting products. Turning traditional cultural assets into creative paper art, by integrating traditions and innovation, crafted handmade paper and modern design, combined with the local cultural industry festival and the local cultural, expect that the culture of paper can be passed along, and to awaken awareness of human life aesthetic.