Relevant bibliographies by topics / Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural

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Academic literature on the topic 'Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 13 February 2022

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Journal articles on the topic "Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural"

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Malik, Romana Fattimah, Carina G. J. M. Hilders, and Fedde Scheele. "Do ‘physicians in the lead’ support a holistic healthcare delivery approach? A qualitative analysis of stakeholders’ perspectives." BMJ Open 8, no. 7 (July 2018): e020739. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2017-020739.

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ObjectivesValue-based healthcare implies that healthcare issues are addressed most effectively with the ‘physicians in the lead' (PIL) strategy. This study explores whether PIL also supports a holistic care approach that patients are increasingly demanding.DesignA qualitative research design was used.SettingThis study was conducted in a general hospital in the Netherlands with an integrated PIL strategy.ParticipantsSemistructured interviews were conducted with 14 hospital stakeholders: 13 stakeholders of an Obstetrics and Gynaecology department (the hospital’s Patient Council (n=1), nurses (n=2), midwives (n=2), physicians (n=2), residents (n=2), the non-medical business managers of the Obstetrics and Gynaecology department (n=2) the Board of Directors (n=2)) and a member of the Dutch National Healthcare Institute’s Innovative Healthcare Professions programme.ResultsAccording to diverse stakeholders, PIL does not support a holistic healthcare delivery approach, primarily because of the strong biomedical focus of the physicians. Although physicians can be educated to place more emphasis on the holistic outcome, holistic care delivery requires greater integration and teamwork in the care chain. As different healthcare professions are complementary to each other, a new strategy of a ‘team in the lead' was suggested to meet the holistic healthcare demands. Besides this new strategy, there is a need for an extramural care management coordination centre where patients are able to receive support in managing their own care. This centre should also facilitate services similar to the core function of a church or community centre. These services should help patients to deal with different holistic dimensions that are important for their well-being.ConclusionsThe PIL strategy appears to be insufficient for holistic healthcare delivery. A ‘team in the lead’ approach should be considered to meet the holistic healthcare demands. Further research should focus on observing PIL in different cultures and exploring the effectiveness of the strategy ‘team in the lead’.
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Shams-White, Marissa M., Rolando Barajas, Roxanne E. Jensen, Melissa Rotunno, Hannah Dueck, Elizabeth M. Ginexi, Scott D. Rogers, Elizabeth M. Gillanders, and Leah E. Mechanic. "Systems epidemiology and cancer: A review of the National Institutes of Health extramural grant portfolio 2013–2018." PLOS ONE 16, no. 4 (April 15, 2021): e0250061. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0250061.

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Objectives Systems epidemiology approaches may lead to a better understanding of the complex and dynamic multi-level constellation of contributors to cancer risk and outcomes and help target interventions. This grant portfolio analysis aimed to describe the National Institutes of Health (NIH) and the National Cancer Institute (NCI) investments in systems epidemiology and to identify gaps in the cancer systems epidemiology portfolio. Methods The analysis examined grants funded (2013–2018) through seven NIH systems science Funding Opportunity Announcements (FOAs) as well as cancer-specific systems epidemiology grants funded by NCI during that same time. Study characteristics were extracted from the grant abstracts and specific aims and coded. Results Of the 137 grants awarded under the NIH FOAs, 52 (38%) included systems epidemiology. Only five (4%) were focused on cancer systems epidemiology. The NCI-wide search (N = 453 grants) identified 35 grants (8%) that included cancer systems epidemiology in their specific aims. Most of these grants examined epidemiology and surveillance-based questions (60%); fewer addressed clinical care or clinical trials (37%). Fifty-four percent looked at multiple scales within the individual (e.g., cell, tissue, organ), 49% looked beyond the individual (e.g., individual, community, population), and few (9%) included both. Across all grants examined, the systems epidemiology grants primarily focused on discovery or prediction, rather than on impacts of intervention or policy. Conclusions The most notable finding was that grants focused on cancer versus other diseases reflected a small percentage of the portfolio, highlighting the need to encourage more cancer systems epidemiology research. Opportunities include encouraging more multiscale research and continuing the support for broad examination of domains in these studies. Finally, the nascent discipline of systems epidemiology could benefit from the creation of standard terminology and definitions to guide future progress.
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Gardner, Jachael, Terry Nakazono, Jim Morrison, Kishore Athreya, Paige Hall, and Pamela Davidson. "45022 Exploring Career Development Needs of Junior Investigators in Clinical Translational Science." Journal of Clinical and Translational Science 5, s1 (March 2021): 61–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/cts.2021.562.

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ABSTRACT IMPACT: By understanding Junior investigator characteristics and CTSA support services which strongly influence scientific productivity and impact, we will inform and improve research training and enhance the career development of future generations of clinical and translational science researchers. OBJECTIVES/GOALS: In the field of clinical and translational science, the career trajectory and definition of Junior Investigators (JIs) vary greatly. This study aims to investigate JI characteristics, training, and support that contribute to career development at the University of California Los Angeles (UCLA) Clinical and Translation Science Institute (CTSI). METHODS/STUDY POPULATION: Every 18 months, the UCLA CTSI administers the Longitudinal Scientific Achievement Survey, which collects information on the predictors of scientific productivity and impact. In 2018, a special supplement was added to survey JIs who received CTSA support between 2011 and 2017 (n=305), including questions on knowledge, use, and effectiveness of CTSA specific support, barriers and facilitators of research, scientific productivity, and perceived scientific impact. A literary analysis was conducted to explore previous categorizations of JIs. The JIs in our sample conducted bench to bedside, population and policy research at our four partner sites. Bivariate and logistic regression analysis were conducted to examine the significant predictors of a new grant award attributed to the CTSA support/services. RESULTS/ANTICIPATED RESULTS: The survey response rate was 82% (n=250). Respondents include core voucher co-investigators, enrollees in the Training Program in Translational Science, and K- and K-to-R workshop participants. Bivariate results showed new grant awardees significantly more likely to have the following characteristics: physician scientist with an MD and PhD (47%), pilot grant awardee (42%), core voucher awardee (49%), four or more types of CTSI support (48%), prior affiliation with an NIH institute/center other than NCATS (42%), and reported at least one impact in science, health, and/or the community (72%). Multivariate results showed that investigators with a prior core voucher award, a prior NIH affiliation, or reported one or more impacts were the strongest predictors of obtaining a new grant (each with OR>=4.0). DISCUSSION/SIGNIFICANCE OF FINDINGS: The most successful investigators consulted with NIH program officers and received feedback on their research plans and methods. Sufficient funding is crucially important to research progression. In our CTSA hub, vouchers and grants to initiate new studies or offset costs of existing research are consistent predictors of new extramural funding.
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Unbehauen, H., and I. Vakilzadeh. "Centralized Control of n Identical Plants." Journal of Dynamic Systems, Measurement, and Control 115, no. 3 (September 1, 1993): 325–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.2899106.

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In an elegant and yet easily comprehensible and applicable way, it is shown how the outputs of n identical plants G(s)=K/sp∏l=1μ(s+al) with different output initial conditions can be made to perfectly track a reference, or command, input r(t) through the commissioning of only one central controller H(s). Two simulations support the theoretical results. The proposed technique has wide applications in industrial plants and research centers: it drastically reduces the effort and cost of controllers dictated by the orthodox one-plant/one-controller philosophy.
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Gill, Christian M., Tomefa E. Asempa, and David P. Nicolau. "1296. Efficacy of Human-Simulated Exposures of Meropenem/Vaborbactam (MVB) and Meropenem (MEM) against OXA-48 β-lactamase-producing Enterobacterales in the Neutropenic Murine Thigh Infection Model." Open Forum Infectious Diseases 7, Supplement_1 (October 1, 2020): S663. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ofid/ofaa439.1479.

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Abstract Background OXA-48 exhibits variable hydrolytic activity toward carbapenems, with imipenem and meropenem MICs, though increased, often reporting within the ‘susceptible’ or ‘intermediate’ ranges defined by CLSI and EUCAST. Although vaborbactam (VAB) does not enhance MEM activity against OXA-48, ~ 1/3 of OXA-48-producing Enterobacterales will test susceptible to MVB due to its higher breakpoint. Clinical implications of this discordance warrant investigation. Methods 26 isolates harboring OXA-48 (n=24) and KPC (n=2) were evaluated in the neutropenic murine thigh model. MICs were determined in triplicate per CLSI. Human-simulated regimens of MVB (simulating doses of 2-2 g IV q 8 hours (h) over 3 h) and MEM (2 g IV q 8 h over 3 h) were administered resulting in similar f%T >MIC and fAUC as humans for MEM and VAB, respectively. Mice received MVB, MEM, or sham control for 24 h. Efficacy was assessed on the resulting overall change in mean± SD log10 CFU/thigh as well as the achievement of ≥ 1 log10 reduction as an established surrogate marker predictive of success for serious infections. Results MVB and MEM MICs ranged from 1- 64 and 2 - > 64 mg/L, respectively. Relative to 0 h control, the mean bacterial growth (mean ± SD, CFU/thigh) at 24 h in the untreated control mice was 2.69 ± 1.31. As anticipated for KPCs, MVB resulted in a mean bacterial reduction ≥ 1 log10 (-1.10 ± 0.26), whereas growth was observed on MEM (+1.45 ± 0.88). For all OXA-48 isolates, MVB resulted in variable bacterial densities ranging from -2.54 to +2.68, similarly MEM resulted in -2.18 to +2.66. Addition of vaborbactam did not enhance MEM activity for any isolate. For isolates with MVB MICs ≥ 16 (n=5), 8 (n=5, EUCAST breakpoint), 4 (n=9, CLSI breakpoint), and ≤ 2 (n=5) mg/L, 0%, 0%, 44%, and 60% of isolates treated with MVB or MEM achieved the target reduction of ≥ 1 log10 kill, respectively. Conclusion Across the range of MICs evaluated, MVB and MEM humanized exposures in vivo resulted in similar reductions and growth in bacterial density for OXA-48-producing Enterobacterales. Moreover, these data highlight the poor efficacy of MVB for OXA-48 defined as susceptible using the current EUCAST and CLSI susceptibility criterion. Caution is therefore warranted when treating Enterobacterales testing susceptible to MVB without the genotypic profile. Disclosures David P. Nicolau, PharmD, Cepheid (Other Financial or Material Support, Consultant, speaker bureau member or has received research support.)Merck & Co., Inc. (Consultant, Grant/Research Support, Speaker’s Bureau)Wockhardt (Grant/Research Support)
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Bartlett, John, Dennis C. Sgroi, Kai Treuner, Yi Zhang, Tammy Piper, Ranelle C. Salunga, Ikhlaaq Ahmed, et al. "HER2 status and prediction of extended endocrine benefit with breast cancer index (BCI) in HR+ patients in the adjuvant tamoxifen: To offer more? (aTTom) trial." Journal of Clinical Oncology 38, no. 15_suppl (May 20, 2020): 522. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jco.2020.38.15_suppl.522.

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522 Background: BCI is a validated gene expression-based assay that stratifies patients based on risk of overall (0-10y) and late (post-5y) distant recurrence (DR) and predicts likelihood of benefit from extended endocrine therapy (EET). The Trans-aTTom study established Level1B validation for BCI (H/I) to predict benefit from EET.1 In this updated Trans-aTTom analysis including HER2 status, BCI (H/I) and prediction of endocrine benefit were further characterized. Methods: Centralized HER2 was determined for all cases according to current ASCO/CAP guidelines. Kaplan-Meier and Cox proportional hazards regression were conducted to assess primary and secondary endpoints of Recurrence-Free Interval (RFI) and Disease-Free Interval (DFI), respectively. A three-way interaction using likelihood ratio testing, which included treatment, BCI (H/I) and HER2, was performed to assess the effect of HER2 on BCI (H/I) prediction of EET benefit. Results: Of 789 N+ patients, 90% (N = 711) and 9% (N = 72) were HR+/HER2- and HR+/HER2+, respectively. In the HER2- subset, BCI (H/I)-High (48%) showed significant benefit from 10y vs. 5y of tamoxifen (9.4% RFI: HR = 0.35 [95% CI 0.15-0.81]; P = 0.047) while BCI (H/I)-Low patients did not (-2.1% RFI; HR = 1.15 [95% CI 0.78-1.69]; P = 0.491). For DFI, BCI (H/I)-High patients also showed significant benefit (10.3% DFI; HR = 0.41 [95% CI 0.18-0.91]; P = 0.047) while BCI (H/I)-Low patients did not (-1.7% DFI; HR = 1.10 [95% CI 0.75-1.62] P = 0.612). As demonstrated in the overall N+ cohort, significant interaction between BCI (H/I) and treatment was shown in the HER2- subset (RFI P = 0.045; DFI P = 0.044). Notably, three-way interaction evaluating BCI (H/I), treatment and HER2 status was not statistically significant (P = 0.85), indicating the ability of BCI (H/I) to predict benefit of EET activity was not significantly affected by HER2 status. Conclusions: In this updated Trans-aTTom analysis with HER2 data, BCI (H/I) showed similar predictive performance for EET response in the HER2- subset when compared to the overall N+ cohort. These data further support the clinical utility of BCI (H/I) as a predictive biomarker for informing EET benefit in HR+/HER2- and HR+/HER2+ disease. Clinical trial information: NCT00003678 . [Table: see text]
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Liefers, Gerrit-Jan, Iris Noordhoek, Kai Treuner, Hein Putter, Yi Zhang, Elma Meershoek – Klein Kranenbarg, Jenna Wong, Cornelis J. H. Van De Velde, and Catherine A. Schnabel. "Breast cancer index (BCI) predicts benefit of two-and-a-half versus five years of extended endocrine therapy in HR+ breast cancer patients treated in the ideal trial." Journal of Clinical Oncology 38, no. 15_suppl (May 20, 2020): 512. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jco.2020.38.15_suppl.512.

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512 Background: For postmenopausal women with hormone receptor positive (HR+) breast cancer, the optimal duration of extended endocrine therapy (EET), after completing 5 years of initial aromatase inhibitor (AI)–based adjuvant therapy, remains unclear. BCI [HOXB13/IL17BR (H/I)] is a gene expression-based biomarker that has been demonstrated to predict EET benefit in the MA.17 and Trans-aTTom studies in patients treated with adjuvant tamoxifen. The current study examined the ability of BCI (H/I) to predict endocrine benefit from 2.5 vs. 5 years of extended letrozole in the IDEAL trial. Methods: All patients with available tumor specimens were eligible for this blinded prospective-retrospective study. The primary endpoint was Recurrence-Free Interval (RFI). Median follow-up was 9.1 years from randomization. Kaplan-Meier and Cox proportional hazards regression analysis were used to analyze the differential benefit of EET with statistical significance of the interaction between BCI (H/I) and treatment assessed by likelihood ratio test. Results: 908 HR+ patients (73% pN+, median 59y, 45% pT1, 48% pT2, disease free at 2.5 years) were included, with 88% and 68% receiving prior treatment with an AI or chemotherapy, respectively. BCI by H/I status (High vs. Low) was significantly predictive of response from extended letrozole in the overall (N = 908) and pN+ (N = 664) cohorts. Notably, BCI (H/I) predicted EET benefit in patients that received any primary adjuvant therapy with an AI (N = 794). Treatment to biomarker interaction was significant in the overall (p = 0.045), pN+ (p = 0.029) and any prior AI (p = 0.025) cohorts, adjusted for age, pT stage, grade, nodal status, prior endocrine therapy and prior chemotherapy. Conclusions: Novel findings from this study demonstrate that BCI predicts endocrine benefit from extended letrozole in postmenopausal patients treated with primary adjuvant AI. These results support the growing body of evidence that BCI by H/I status predicts preferential endocrine response in distinct subgroups of patients, and further support its role as an important genomic tool to inform the risk-benefit regarding duration of extended endocrine therapy. Clinical trial information: NTR3077, BOOG 2006-05, Eudra-CT 2006-003958-16 . [Table: see text]
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Gill, Christian M., Kamilia Abdelraouf, and David P. Nicolau. "1244. Assessment of the In Vivo Activity of Human-Simulated Exposure of WCK 4282 (High Dose Cefepime [FEP]-Tazobactam [TZB]) against Enterobacterales (EB) and Pseudomonas aeruginosa (PA) in the Neutropenic Murine Thigh Infection Model." Open Forum Infectious Diseases 7, Supplement_1 (October 1, 2020): S640—S641. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ofid/ofaa439.1429.

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Abstract Background Carbapenems are often used for infections due to extended-spectrum-β-lactamase (ESBL) and cephalosporinase (CSase)-producers. As increased carbapenem utilization is associated with the development of carbapenem resistance, antimicrobial stewardship has targeted non-carbapenem options. WCK 4282 (FEP 2 g-TZB 2 g) offers pharmacodynamically optimized TZB exposure and demonstrated potent activity in vitro against ESBL-phenotype isolates. We describe the pharmacodynamics of a WCK 4282 human-simulated regimen (HSR) in the neutropenic murine thigh model. Methods 19 clinical strains harboring ESBLs or CSase (EB; n=8 and PA; n=4) or serine-carbapenemases (EB; KPC n=4 or OXA-48-like n=3) were tested in vivo. Per CLSI, 19, 18, and 17 isolates were cefepime, ceftolozane/tazobactam, and piperacillin/tazobactam (TZP) non-susceptible, respectively. Thighs of neutropenic, female, CD-1 mice (3 per group) were inoculated with ~107 CFU/mL of bacterial suspension 2 h prior to dosing. Mice received WCK 4282 HSR, FEP HSR, or saline (controls) for 24 h. WCK 4282 HSR and FEP HSR provided plasma exposures in mice that were similar in f%T > MIC and fAUC to FEP-TZB 2 g-2 g and FEP 2 g, respectively, as IV infusions over 1.5 h q8h in humans. Bacterial densities and their changes at 24 h relative to 0 h controls were determined to assess efficacy and reported as mean±SD log10 CFU/thigh. Results Bacterial burdens were 5.81±0.36 at 0 h and 9.29±0.88 at 24 h in untreated controls. WCK 4282 produced potent activity against ESBL/CSase producing EB and PA with WCK 4282 MIC ≤ 16 mg/L; mean change in log10 CFU from 0 h was -1.70±0.77, while growth was observed with FEP alone. WCK 4282 produced variable activity against OXA-48-like harboring EB. Against KPC-harboring EB, WCK 4282 produced stasis to growth. Mean Log10 CFU changes are reported in Table 1 and Figure 1. Table 1. Comparative efficacy of FEP HSR and WCK 4282 HSR by genotypic β-lactamase Figure 1. Mean Change in log10CFU/thigh for 24 h controls, FEP HSR, and WCK 4282 HSR across the tested MIC distribution. Conclusion WCK 4282, a novel TZB containing regimen, resulted in enhance in vitro potency against ESBL/CSase and OXA-48-like producers. Humanized exposures of WCK 4282 produced substantial kill in vivo against ESBL/CSase producers with MICs ≤ 16 mg/L including FEP resistant/TZP non-susceptible PA. These data support further evaluations of WCK 4282 as a carbapenem-sparing regimen for ESBL/cephalosporinase harboring strains. Disclosures David P. Nicolau, PharmD, Cepheid (Other Financial or Material Support, Consultant, speaker bureau member or has received research support.)Merck & Co., Inc. (Consultant, Grant/Research Support, Speaker’s Bureau)Wockhardt (Grant/Research Support)
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Liefers, Gerrit-Jan, Iris Noordhoek, Kai Treuner, Hein Putter, Jenna Wong, Yi Zhang, Elma Meershoek – Klein Kranenbarg, Cornelis J. H. Van De Velde, and Catherine A. Schnabel. "Breast Cancer Index and prediction of benefit from extended endocrine therapy based on treatment compliance: An IDEAL study." Journal of Clinical Oncology 39, no. 15_suppl (May 20, 2021): 531. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jco.2021.39.15_suppl.531.

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531 Background: The IDEAL trial randomized hormone receptor-positive (HR+) breast cancer patients to 5 vs 2.5y of extended letrozole after completion of 5y of adjuvant endocrine therapy. In the parent trial, approximately 60% of patients overall were compliant with endocrine treatment (59% vs 74% compliance in 5y and 2.5y arms, respectively), with patient experiences as the most significant factors leading to treatment discontinuation. Breast Cancer Index is a gene expression-based signature that predicts which HR+ patients are likely to benefit from extended endocrine therapy (EET) vs those unlikely to benefit [BCI (H/I)-High and -Low, respectively]. The current study examined EET compliance and outcome by BCI (H/I) status in patients treated in the IDEAL trial. Methods: Patients with available primary tumor specimens were eligible for this blinded study. Primary endpoint was recurrence-free interval (RFI), including locoregional and distant recurrences. Kaplan-Meier and Cox proportional hazards regression analysis were used to analyze the benefit of EET. Non-compliance was defined as completion of ≤60% of treatment duration (≤3y for 5y arm; ≤1.5y for 2.5y arm) for any reason other than disease events. Overtreatment was defined as % compliant BCI (H/I)-Low patients in the 5y arm; undertreatment was % noncompliant BCI (H/I)-High patients in the 5y arm. Results: 908 HR+ patients (73% pN+, 59y, 45% pT1, 48% pT2) were included. 78% (n = 708) of patients were compliant, of which 48% (n = 338) were BCI (H/I)-High and 52% (n = 370) were BCI (H/I)-Low. In non-compliant patients (22%, n = 200), 45% (n = 91) were BCI (H/I)-High and 55% (n = 109) were BCI (H/I)-Low. BCI (H/I)-Low patients irrespective of compliance status did not derive significant benefit from EET (P = 0.922, compliant subset; 0.894 non-compliant subset). Compliant BCI (H/I)-High patients showed significant benefit from EET (HR 0.35, 95% CI 0.16-0.79; absolute benefit 11.7%; P = 0.008) whereas non-compliant BCI (H/I)-High patients did not (HR 0.75, 95% CI 0.17-3.35; absolute benefit 2.1%, P = 0.704). In this study, 38% of patients in the 5y EET arm were BCI (H/I)-Low and compliant and thus were overtreated, while 13% of patients in the 5y EET arm were BCI (H/I)-High and non-compliant and thus were undertreated. Conclusions: Patients that were BCI (H/I)-Low did not derive significant benefit from 5 vs 2.5y of EET even when compliant, and thus may be considered for treatment de-escalation. Importantly, BCI (H/I)-High patients with endocrine responsive disease showed significant improvements in outcome when compliant and should be guided to continue treatment. BCI may serve as an important genomic tool to increase EET compliance and identify patients that may be candidates for increased side effect management and support to potentially improve outcomes. Clinical trial information: NTR3077; BOOG 2006-05; Eudra-CT 2006-003958-16.
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Spence, John Paul, Christina R. Santangelo, Jennifer L. Buddenbaum, Aaron E. Carroll, and Matthew R. Allen. "38460 Independent Investigator Incubator (I3) yields external funding within three years for the majority of junior faculty." Journal of Clinical and Translational Science 5, s1 (March 2021): 64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/cts.2021.567.

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ABSTRACT IMPACT: The Independent Investigator Incubator program provides 1:1 mentoring from ‘super-mentors’ to enhance junior faculty careers in research. OBJECTIVES/GOALS: In 2014, the Indiana University School of Medicine (IUSM) in collaboration with the Indiana CTSI established the Independent Investigator Incubator (I3) Program. The I3 Program is designed to provide 1:1 mentoring for new research faculty during the crucial early years of their careers. Our goal is to provide an overview of the I3 design and 5-year data. METHODS/STUDY POPULATION: The I3 Program employs a resource-sharing, centralized design that provides concentrated 1:1 mentorship from a senior faculty ‘super mentor’ as well as other resources, such as grant writing support. Unlike many mentorship programs, I3 mentors closely interact with the mentees within the School and are compensated for their efforts (5% full-time equivalency per mentee, max of 15%). The number of ‘super mentors’ has grown from 6 to 15 faculty over 5 years, and mentors typically serve 4 to 5 mentees. Mentee applications are accepted on a rolling enrollment basis. The I3 mentees represent a diverse group based on sex, ethnicity, terminal degree, academic track, and discipline. Mentors and mentees have annual reviews through the program. RESULTS/ANTICIPATED RESULTS: In five years, 110 mentees have enrolled in the I3 program. Upon entering, 53% had no external funding, 28% had internal funding, 12% had K-awards, 7% had R03/R21 awards. Over the first five years, 75% have received extramural funding. The median funding was $340,000 with nearly a third of mentees securing grants > 1 million in direct costs. For mentees who joined the program in its first three years (n=59), the average time to a notable extramural grant (defined as a NIH or foundation grant >$300K direct costs) was 2.2 years (median - 2.6 years). Nearly all mentees were satisfied with their mentor pairing based on the mentor’s ‘availability’ and ‘valuable feedback,’ and all mentees wanted the mentoring relationship to continue DISCUSSION/SIGNIFICANCE OF FINDINGS: Since 2014, the I3 Program has had a positive impact on the careers of junior faculty at IUSM as determined by faculty satisfaction and funding metrics. Future focus areas will include developing criteria/models for graduating from the program to balance fiscal sustainability with mentee needs during their transition to mid-career.
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Book chapters on the topic "Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural"

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FUJITA, MASAHIRO. "Internationalization of Japanese Commercial Banking and the Yen: The Recent Experience of City Banks**I would like to express my deep appreciation for Professor Kazuya Mizushima, Professor Ryoichi Mikitani, and Professor Kenichi Ishigaki. These professors are my closest colleagues at Kobe University.The members of our research group are Professor M. Fujita, Kobe University, Professor K. Mizushima, Kobe University, Professor R. Mikitani, Kobe University, Professor Y. Futatsugi, Kobe University, Professor N. Miyata, Kagawa University, Professor K. Ishigaki, Kobe University, Associate Professor N. Niwa, Toyama University, Associate Professor K. Shimomura, Kobe University, and Assistant H. Izawa, Kobe University. Moreover, all these members belong to the Special Research Committee of International Finance, Kobe University, and Professor Fujita serves as the chief of that committee. We would like to particularly acknowledge the work of Mr. Miyata, Mr. Ishigaki, Mr. Niwa, and Mr. Izawa as members of our most important working group.The following banks cooperated in our research. City banks: Daiichi Kangyo, Daiwa, Fuji, Hokkaido-Takushoku, Kyowa, Mitsubishi, Mitsui, Sanwa, Sumitomo, Taiyo-Kobe, Tokai, and Tokyo; Nihon Saiken Shinyo, Japan Export Import Bank, and some regional banks; Hokuriku, Yokohama, and some stock companies; Nomura, Nikko, Yamaichi, Daiwa, and many life insurance companies; Nihon Seimei, Dai-ichi Seimei, Meiji Seimei. We would like to express our appreciation for their kindly cooperation.Furthermore, we would like to acknowledge the financial support provided by Grants in Aid for Scientific Research, the Ministry of Education, and Nihon-Shoken-Shogaku-Zaidan (Japan Securities Scholarship Foundation).The subject of this paper is Internationalization of Japanese commercial banking—the recent experience of city banks in Japan. This is a summary of the results of the questionnaire-based research work that we conducted twice, once in 1977–78 and once in 1981–82. We have been working very closely since the questionnaires were drafted in compiling the responses and in discussing the summary of the results and its interpretation. Therefore this project is really a “joint product” of our cooperation, and the computation of each member's contribution to this project is very difficult to assess.The actual writing of the summary has been done by our working group—Professor Fujita, Professor Mizushima, Professor Mikitani, and especially Mr. Miyata, Mr. Ishigaki, Mr. Niwa, and Mr. Izawa. The other working members were Professor Yusaku Futatsugi, Professor Nobuo Miyata, and Assistant Hideki Izawa. They could not attend our Canberra seminar at Australian National University in October, 1983, but other members (Mr. Fujita, Mr. Migustima, Mr. Mikitani, Mr. Ishigaki, and Mr. Niwa) could attend, and we were very happy to have fruitful academic discussions." In Developments in Japanese Economics, 217–51. Elsevier, 1989. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/b978-0-12-619845-4.50015-1.

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"professionalisation/regulation of 17–18; in door work 54; and 44–6; and quiet before the storm informed consent 17; and 50–1; regulation/professionalisation misconstruction of research 18; and of 45; visits and vests 49–52 power disparities 19–20; and Douglas, M. 181 protection of participants 18–19; at Durkheim, E. 73 religious festival 142–4 ethics 55, 56, 81, 129, 147; Economic and Social Research Council implications of covert work 43; in (ESRC) 62 practice 15, 17 Ekern, S. 139 extremism see dangerous groups emotional danger 4–5, 8, 9, 72–3, 114–15, 132, 202–3; and Fairhurst, E. 116 auto/biography 91; Farrington, D.P. 65 avoidance/denial of situation 87; feminist theory: intellectual aspect 95; and avoidance/inclusion of feelings and personal experience 94–5; 14–15; coping with 88–90, 128; simplistic view of 95–6 effect on everyday/taken-for-Fielding, N. 10, 56 granted meanings of lives 13–14; Finch, J. 15, 97 and gender 101–2, 104; and Fineman, S. 89 interview process 101–3; learning Fountain, J. 36 from 127–9; and Frank, A. 32 participant/researcher relationship Friedman, K.E. 181 13, 15–16; and personal experience 81–7, 86, 88; and personal interest Gabriel, J. 152, 173 73–4; in policing 32; positive Game, A. and Metcalfe, A. 57 aspects 87–8; and pressure/effect Garfinkel, H. 58 upon researcher 16; recognition of Geertz, C. 160 89; reflections on 85–7; at religious gender 97; and autobiography 107–8; festival 141–2; risk of 100–5; and and bouncers 45, 58; and danger in support systems 103–4 the field 182; and display of emotions: and caring work 116–18; emotions 101–2, 104; and feminist discomforting 117; as distressing research 16; participation in 123–4; importance of personal religious festival 138–40; and role/participation 127–9; initial physical threat 12; in public/private responses 118–23; making sense of places 189–90 123–7; personal 116–17; gender identity: and fitting in with prioritising 129–30 cultural milieu 38–9; and ethical danger 5–6, 8, 9, 132, 156, insider/outsider status 39; and 169–70, 199–200; and (anti)-racist male/female tasks 33–4; and police movements 19; and covert studies work 26, 27, 28, 33–4, 40." In Danger in the Field, 217. Routledge, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9780203136119-38.

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