Journal articles: 'Research with cameras'

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Liu, Chun Feng, Shan Shan Kong, and Hai Ming Wu. "Research on a Single Camera Location Model and its Application." Applied Mechanics and Materials 50-51 (February 2011): 468–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.50-51.468.

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Digital cameras have been widely used in the areas of road transportation, railway transportation as well as security system. To address the position of digital camera in these fields this paper proposed a geometry calibration method based on feature point extraction of arbitrary target. Under the meaning of the questions, this paper first defines four kinds of coordinate system, that is the world coordinate system. The camera's optical center of the coordinate system is the camera coordinate system, using the same point in different coordinate system of the coordinate transformation to determine the relationship between world coordinate system and camera coordinate. And thus determine the camera's internal parameters and external parameters, available transformation matrix and translation vector indicated by the camera's internal parameters of the external parameters and the establishment of a single camera location model. According to the model, using the camera's external parameters to be on the target circle center point in the image plane coordinates.

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Qi, Xing Guang, and Yi Zhen. "Research of the Paper Defect On-Line Inspection System Based on Distributed Machine Vision." Advanced Materials Research 562-564 (August 2012): 1805–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.562-564.1805.

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This paper presents a distributed machine vision inspection system, which has a large field of view (FOV) and can perform high precision, high speed real-time inspection for wide paper sheet detection. The system consists of multiple GigE Vision linescan cameras which connected though Gigabit Ethernet. The cameras are arranged into a linear array so that every camera’s FOV is merged into one large FOV in the meantime the resolution keeps unchanged. In order to acquire high processing speed, the captured images from each camera are sent into one dedicate computer for distributed and parallel image processing. Experimental results show that the system with fine detection capability can satisfy the requirements of real time detection and find out the defects on the production line effectively.

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Bergshoeff, Jonathan A., Nicola Zargarpour, George Legge, and Brett Favaro. "How to build a low-cost underwater camera housing for aquatic research." FACETS 2, no. 1 (2017): 150–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/facets-2016-0048.

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Remote cameras are an increasingly important tool in field-based biological research. Terrestrial researchers can purchase inexpensive off-the-shelf cameras, but aquatic researchers face challenges in adopting similar systems for underwater science. Although technology allows researchers to deploy cameras in any aquatic environment, high procurement costs are often a barrier, particularly for studies that require the collection of lengthy videos. In this note, we provide a detailed guide explaining how to assemble an underwater camera system for less than $425 USD. We focus especially on the construction of the underwater housing, which is typically the most expensive component of an underwater camera system. As described, this system can record 13 h full high-definition videos in depths up to 100 m. It can be constructed and assembled with limited technical background using tools available in most workshops. The guide includes a general overview of the system, a full list of components, detailed instructions on constructing the camera housing, and suggestions on how to mount and use the camera in fieldwork. Our goal for this note is to promote the wider use of remote underwater cameras in aquatic research by making them accessible to those with limited financial means.

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Shoecraft, Kelly, and Bev Flückiger. "Conducting qualitative video research with young children." Qualitative Research Journal 18, no. 3 (2018): 238–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/qrj-d-17-00031.

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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to explore the practical use of video cameras during a study with young children. Design/methodology/approach This paper investigates the use of video cameras in a research study of young children’s utilisation of semiotic tools to communicate during play interactions in a Francophone preschool classroom in British Columbia. It examines the practical in-the-moment decision making of the researcher to support children’s accommodation of the video camera in their play space and ensure rich data were recorded. Findings Children accommodated the video cameras in four distinct ways. These included: curiosity and investigation of the video cameras; engagement in the video recording process with the researcher; incorporation of the video cameras into their play; and disregard of it. Practical implications The findings suggest that video recordings can be an effective method of data collection with young children and provide rich sources of data of the children and their learning through play when the researcher is flexible and responsive and supports children’s accommodation of it. Originality/value Recent advances in recording technology have resulted in the increased use of video recordings as a resource for gathering empirical data in qualitative research. Whilst the ethical considerations related to the use of video recordings as data for analysis in research with young children have been the subject of some discussion (Flewitt, 2005), the practical experience of using video cameras has received less attention.

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Sandhu, Ajay. "Camera-friendly Policing: How the Police Respond to Cameras and Photographers." Surveillance & Society 14, no. 1 (2016): 78–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.24908/ss.v14i1.5697.

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How do police respond to the presence of cameras and photographers? Many speculative theories have been proposed offering mixed and sometimes contradictory answers to this question. Some theories propose that cameras will deter police misconduct, others suggest that cameras might improve police accountability, others suggest that police might respond to cameras by engaging in a risk-averse style of policing. Unfortunately, little empirical data is available to assess these theories. Drawing on data from a participant-observation research study conducted in Edmonton, Alberta, Canada, this paper helps fill this gap in research and argues that police might be learning to adapt to cameras by engaging in what I call camera-friendly policing. This style of policing involves efforts to control how the police are perceived by photographers, and how they will be perceived by viewers of any recorded footage. In this paper, I outline the basic elements of the police’s camera-friendly tactics, and discuss the implications of these tactics for contemporary understandings of police visibility.

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Brucato, Ben. "Policing Made Visible: Mobile Technologies and the Importance of Point of View." Surveillance & Society 13, no. 3/4 (2015): 455–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.24908/ss.v13i3/4.5421.

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Cameras are ubiquitous and increasingly mobile. While CCTV has captured considerable attention by surveillance researchers, the new visibility of police activities is increasingly produced by incidental sousveillance and wearable on-officer camera systems. This article considers advocacy for policing’s new visibility, contrasting that of police accountability activists who film police with designers and early adopters of on-officer cameras. In both accounts, these devices promise accountability by virtue of their mechanical objectivity. However, to each party, accountability functions rather differently. By attending to the social and legal privileging of police officers’ perspectives, the article provides an explanation for design decisions that produced Taser’s AXON Flex on-officer cameras and for why police are embracing these new technologies. Critics of these cameras cite privacy concerns, officer discretion in operating cameras, and department disclosure of footage. Nonetheless, advocates of police accountability often presume more video documenting police use of force is always helpful. However, the utility of surveillance video is conditioned by point of view. Police agencies in the U.S. are rapidly adopting on-officer camera systems, because they acknowledge ubiquitous surveillance and that these devices aid in nullifying third-party documentation in favor of a perspective that favors officers. As such, these cameras are counter-sousveillance technologies.

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Björnmalm, Mattias, Matthew Faria, and Frank Caruso. "Advancing Research Using Action Cameras." Chemistry of Materials 28, no. 23 (2016): 8441–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/acs.chemmater.6b04639.

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Lum, Cynthia, Megan Stoltz, Christopher S. Koper, and J. Amber Scherer. "Research on body‐worn cameras." Criminology & Public Policy 18, no. 1 (2019): 93–118. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/1745-9133.12412.

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Sousa, William H., James R. Coldren, Denise Rodriguez, and Anthony A. Braga. "Research on Body Worn Cameras." Police Quarterly 19, no. 3 (2016): 363–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1098611116658595.

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Baek, Seung-Hae, Pathum Rathnayaka, and Soon-Yong Park. "Calibration of a Stereo Radiation Detection Camera Using Planar Homography." Journal of Sensors 2016 (2016): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2016/8928096.

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This paper proposes a calibration technique of a stereo gamma detection camera. Calibration of the internal and external parameters of a stereo vision camera is a well-known research problem in the computer vision society. However, few or no stereo calibration has been investigated in the radiation measurement research. Since no visual information can be obtained from a stereo radiation camera, it is impossible to use a general stereo calibration algorithm directly. In this paper, we develop a hybrid-type stereo system which is equipped with both radiation and vision cameras. To calibrate the stereo radiation cameras, stereo images of a calibration pattern captured from the vision cameras are transformed in the view of the radiation cameras. The homography transformation is calibrated based on the geometric relationship between visual and radiation camera coordinates. The accuracy of the stereo parameters of the radiation camera is analyzed by distance measurements to both visual light and gamma sources. The experimental results show that the measurement error is about 3%.

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Chibunichev, A. G., A. V. Govorov, and V. E. Chernyshev. "RESEARCH OF THE CAMERA CALIBRATION USING SERIES OF IMAGES WITH COMMON CENTER OF PROJECTION." ISPRS - International Archives of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences XLII-2/W18 (November 29, 2019): 19–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/isprs-archives-xlii-2-w18-19-2019.

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Abstract. The method for calibration of cameras equipped with long focal distance lens is researched in the present work. The basic idea is as follows. The camera to be calibrated is placed on the tripod with panoramic head. The main condition of panorama shooting is that the rotation center of the camera and the front nodal point of the lens should be the same. The camera is calibrated based on a series of images of a test object with a common center of projection. Special software has been created for this purpose. The results of experimental studies on digital simulated data and for a real camera Hasselblad H4D-60 are presented. Results of these experiments show that use of common projection center allow to increase accuracy of the calibration process of the long focal length cameras.

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Green-Barber, Jai M., and Julie M. Old. "Is camera trap videography suitable for assessing activity patterns in eastern grey kangaroos?" Pacific Conservation Biology 24, no. 2 (2018): 134. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/pc17051.

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Camera traps are frequently used in wildlife research and may be a useful tool for monitoring behavioural patterns. The suitability of camera traps to monitor behaviour depends on the size, locomotion, and behaviour of the species being investigated. The suitability of cameras for documenting the behaviour of eastern grey kangaroos was assessed here by comparing activity patterns collected using cameras to published activity patterns for the species. The activity patterns calculated from camera trap data were largely consistent with data from previous studies, although nocturnal activity appeared to be under-represented. Observations of unusual fighting behaviour illustrates the potential for camera traps to enable capture of novel observations. Kangaroo behaviour appeared to be influenced by the presence of cameras; however, no kangaroos retreated from cameras. Data suggested that kangaroos became habituated to cameras after eight months. The findings of this study suggest that camera traps are suitable for assessing the diurnal activity of eastern grey kangaroos and are useful tools for documenting their behaviour.

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Zhou, Shichao, Haibin Zhu, Qinwei Ma, and Shaopeng Ma. "Heat Transfer and Temperature Characteristics of a Working Digital Camera." Sensors 20, no. 9 (2020): 2561. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s20092561.

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Digital cameras represented by industrial cameras are widely used as image acquisition sensors in the field of image-based mechanics measurement, and their thermal effect inevitably induces thermal-induced errors of the mechanics measurement. To deeply understand the errors, the research for digital camera’s thermal effect is necessary. This study systematically investigated the heat transfer processes and temperature characteristics of a working digital camera. Concretely, based on the temperature distribution of a typical working digital camera, the heat transfer of the working digital camera was investigated, and a model describing the temperature variation and distribution was presented and verified experimentally. With this model, the thermal equilibrium time and thermal equilibrium temperature of the camera system were calculated. Then, the influences of thermal parameters of digital camera and environmental temperature on the temperature characteristics of working digital camera were simulated and experimentally investigated. The theory analysis and experimental results demonstrate that the presented model can accurately describe the temperature characteristics and further calculate the thermal equilibrium state of working digital camera, all of which contribute to guiding mechanics measurement and thermal design based on such camera sensors.

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Jia, G. X., Xing Hua Qu, H. Gong, and S. H. Ye. "A Research on the Colorimetric Characterization of Digital Camera." Key Engineering Materials 381-382 (June 2008): 317–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.381-382.317.

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This paper describes a method to characterizing the digital camera. The nonlinear relationship between the RGB signals generated by a digital camera and original image CIEXYZ values was obtained using the polynomial regression procedures. The reasonable structures of the polynomial were found for two digital cameras. The better number of polynomial terms was 19, yielding a modeling accuracy typically averaging 2.1~2.2 E ∆ units and maximally 9.5~10.9 E ∆ units. The experiments results showed that the polynomial regression could be used to characterize commonly digital camera.

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Desai, Suki. "Violence and Surveillance: Some Unintended Consequences of CCTV Monitoring within Mental Health Hospital Wards." Surveillance & Society 8, no. 1 (2010): 84–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.24908/ss.v8i1.3475.

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Since 2005, CCTV cameras have featured as a tool for managing safety within mental health hospital wards in England and Wales. However this piece argues that the efficacy of cameras to control and manage violence within psychiatric wards remains inconclusive due to a lack of research, and there has been very little discussion of the impact that they might have on the vulnerable populations under the gaze of the camera.

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Mănescu, Mihai, Luciana Cristea, Barbu Christian Braun, and Daniel Ola. "Research on Actuators Optimization via PID Closed Control Algorithm for Video and Photo Cameras Stabilization." Applied Mechanics and Materials 436 (October 2013): 337–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.436.337.

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The paper shows how closed-loop control procedure, using the algorithm Proportional Integrative derivative (PID) was applied to improve the photo and video cameras stability correction in real time. The stability system contains an Attitude Heading reference System (AHRS) sensor that is connected to a microcontroller that will make the operations for measuring angles of rotation (roll, pitch and yaw) acquired from a camera displaced on a suspended cable. Closed loop PID algorithm applied to stabilize the system was implemented as programming subroutines dedicated to Atmega162 microcontroller, at which they were recorded and processed in real time as input signals sensor information measured by the AHRS system. Programming based on a closed loop process control through actuators ordered 3 servo-motors for real-time correction of camera rotation angles. In this way it could be provided the positioning cameras error compensation, the errors being caused by different perturbing external factors. The adopted solution has achieved a cost reduction necessary to stabilize the cameras placed in mobile systems. The solution ensures also to increase the stabilization efficiency reported to the case of human operator intervention.

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Idrees, Haroon, Mubarak Shah, and Ray Surette. "Enhancing camera surveillance using computer vision: a research note." Policing: An International Journal 41, no. 2 (2018): 292–307. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/pijpsm-11-2016-0158.

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Purpose The growth of police operated surveillance cameras has out-paced the ability of humans to monitor them effectively. Computer vision is a possible solution. An ongoing research project on the application of computer vision within a municipal police department is described. The paper aims to discuss these issues. Design/methodology/approach Following the demystification of computer vision technology, its potential for police agencies is developed within a focus on computer vision as a solution for two common surveillance camera tasks (live monitoring of multiple surveillance cameras and summarizing archived video files). Three unaddressed research questions (can specialized computer vision applications for law enforcement be developed at this time, how will computer vision be utilized within existing public safety camera monitoring rooms, and what are the system-wide impacts of a computer vision capability on local criminal justice systems) are considered. Findings Despite computer vision becoming accessible to law enforcement agencies the impact of computer vision has not been discussed or adequately researched. There is little knowledge of computer vision or its potential in the field. Originality/value This paper introduces and discusses computer vision from a law enforcement perspective and will be valuable to police personnel tasked with monitoring large camera networks and considering computer vision as a system upgrade.

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Fryskowska, A., M. Kedzierski, A. Grochala, and A. Braula. "CALIBRATION OF LOW COST RGB AND NIR UAV CAMERAS." ISPRS - International Archives of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences XLI-B1 (June 6, 2016): 817–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/isprs-archives-xli-b1-817-2016.

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Non-metric digital cameras are being widely used for photogrammetric studies. The increase in resolution and quality of images obtained by non-metric cameras, allows to use it in low-cost UAV and terrestrial photogrammetry. Imagery acquired with non-metric cameras can be used in 3D modeling of objects or landscapes, reconstructing of historical sites, generating digital elevation models (DTM), orthophotos, or in the assessment of accidents. <br><br> Non-metric digital camcorders are characterized by instability and ignorance of the interior orientation parameters. Therefore, the use of these devices requires prior calibration. Calibration research was conducted using non-metric camera, different calibration tests and various software. <br><br> The first part of the paper contains a brief theoretical introduction including the basic definitions, like the construction of non-metric cameras or description of different optical distortions. The second part of the paper contains cameras calibration process, details of the calibration methods and models that have been used. Sony Nex 5 camera calibration has been done using software: Image Master Calib, Matlab - Camera Calibrator application and Agisoft Lens. For the study 2D test fields has been used. As a part of the research a comparative analysis of the results have been done.

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Timan, Tjerk, and Nelly Oudshoorn. "Mobile cameras as new technologies of surveillance? How citizens experience the use of mobile cameras in public nightscapes." Surveillance & Society 10, no. 2 (2012): 167–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.24908/ss.v10i2.4440.

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In surveillance studies the terms “sousveillance” and “inverse surveillance” describe forms of surveillance that have a bottom-up and democratic character. However, in this paper this democratic notion is questioned by looking into practices and experiences with both Closed Circuit Television (CCTV) and mobile cameras by Dutch citizens. By intervening in the nightlife district of the Rotterdami city centre, data has been gathered on both mobile- and CCTV camera confrontations. From this, an exploration is made into how mobile cameras are experienced in the Nightlife landscape. Comparing these experiences with CCTV provides insight into new surveillance issues that emerge due to the mobile camera. The perspective of analyzing surveillance technologies as hybrid collectives that may take different shapes in different places, allows for a contribution that attempts to improve our understanding of the current changes in the surveillance technology landscape.i Rotterdam is the second largest city in the Netherlands.

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Perkins, Gráinne. "Lights, Camera, Action! Body-Worn Cameras: Challenges and Opportunities in Police Research." Policing: A Journal of Policy and Practice 12, no. 1 (2017): 120–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/police/pax002.

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Gage, Ryan, William Leung, James Stanley, et al. "Studying third-parties and environments: New Zealand sun-safety research." Health Promotion International 34, no. 3 (2017): 440–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/heapro/dax094.

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Summary Wearable cameras have been used to study health behaviours, but their utility in assessing third-party behaviours and the built environment is uncertain. This paper reports on the feasibility of using wearable cameras for this purpose in a study of sun-protective behaviours and shade availability during school lunch-breaks. The Kids’Cam study provided 168 children (aged 11–13 years), recruited from 16 randomly selected schools in the Wellington region of New Zealand, with wearable cameras. The devices automatically captured images every 7 s from the child’s perspective. Images captured during school lunch-breaks by a random sample of 15 children who took part during terms 4 and 1 (October 2014–April 2015) were selected and assessed for usability. The feasibility of studying third-party sun-protective behaviours and school shade availability was assessed for a subset of 320 images. Of the 3492 eligible lunch-break images, 96.4% were useable; the remainders were excluded due to obstruction, blurriness or unsuitable camera position. Overall, 1278 children and 108 shade structures were observed in the sample images. The use of shade, hats, sleeves, collars and sunglasses could be determined for 97.0%, 77.2%, 74.4%, 47.6% and 54.9% of children, respectively. All shade structures could be classified according to type, and canopy composition could be assessed for 95.4% of structures. Wearable cameras are a feasible tool for assessing sun-safety, particularly shade availability, hat wearing and shade use. This methodology could be used to objectively study other third-party health-related behaviours, and other features of the built environment.

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Chang, Wen-Chung. "Automated quality inspection of camera zooming with real-time vision." Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part B: Journal of Engineering Manufacture 232, no. 12 (2017): 2236–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0954405416683973.

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Industrial automated production technologies have been the research focus of many recent studies, comprising the two research streams of automated assembly and automated product testing. Camera lens-shake detection is an effective way to measure the quality of video cameras during zooming. Conventional testing methods involve time-consuming manual operation procedures. This study proposes a novel automated camera lens-shake detection method, in which real-time visual tracking of two arbitrary features is used to measure and analyze camera zooming quality. The camera lens-shake detection approach can be used to screen out video cameras for the purpose of quality control. It can be effectively employed to replace conventional testing methods and enhance efficiency and stability of product manufacturing.

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Hotař, Vlastimil. "Monitoring of Glass Production Using Vision Systems." Advanced Materials Research 39-40 (April 2008): 511–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.39-40.511.

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Applications of vision systems for control and monitoring are becoming more widespread. However, there are still specific problems in the glass industry, especially transparency of glass (many times colourless) that requires the use of special illuminations, adapters for lenses, filters, software filters, analyses of images, etc. An important problem is the choice of an optimal analysis for obtained images that should correspond with the character of obtained data. Our research is developing the use of cameras (an area scan cameras, a line scan cameras, and an intelligent cameras) for quality monitoring of glass production with connection to a PC or compact vision systems, software solutions with appropriate image analyses (using standard and new algorithms) and to solve of real problems for industry applications. The first stage of the research is: using a digital camera, an area scan camera and a line scan camera for glass melt and glass products monitoring to solve specific problems with lighting and to test some standard and non-standard analysis such as fractal geometry for the evaluation of productions and products. This article briefly shows basic information about our results and possibilities of application in the glass industry.

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Fryskowska, A., M. Kedzierski, A. Grochala, and A. Braula. "CALIBRATION OF LOW COST RGB AND NIR UAV CAMERAS." ISPRS - International Archives of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences XLI-B1 (June 6, 2016): 817–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/isprsarchives-xli-b1-817-2016.

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Non-metric digital cameras are being widely used for photogrammetric studies. The increase in resolution and quality of images obtained by non-metric cameras, allows to use it in low-cost UAV and terrestrial photogrammetry. Imagery acquired with non-metric cameras can be used in 3D modeling of objects or landscapes, reconstructing of historical sites, generating digital elevation models (DTM), orthophotos, or in the assessment of accidents. &lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt; Non-metric digital camcorders are characterized by instability and ignorance of the interior orientation parameters. Therefore, the use of these devices requires prior calibration. Calibration research was conducted using non-metric camera, different calibration tests and various software. &lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt; The first part of the paper contains a brief theoretical introduction including the basic definitions, like the construction of non-metric cameras or description of different optical distortions. The second part of the paper contains cameras calibration process, details of the calibration methods and models that have been used. Sony Nex 5 camera calibration has been done using software: Image Master Calib, Matlab - Camera Calibrator application and Agisoft Lens. For the study 2D test fields has been used. As a part of the research a comparative analysis of the results have been done.

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Malaviya, Prashant, Jolita Kisielius, and Brian Sternthal. "The Effect of Type of Elaboration on Advertisement Processing and Judgment." Journal of Marketing Research 33, no. 4 (1996): 410–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/002224379603300403.

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The authors examine the effect of type of elaboration on information processing and product judgments. Research participants were shown print advertisements promoting a camera in which the pictorial material depicted either product features mentioned in the copy (attribute-focused condition) or people, objects, or usage occasions captured by the camera (image-focused condition). These advertisements were presented in the context of advertisements for competing brands of cameras or for products in categories unrelated to cameras. When the context was composed of competing cameras, the attribute-focused advertisement resulted in more favorable target camera judgments than did the image-focused advertisement, whereas when products unrelated to cameras served as the context, the image-focused advertisement prompted more favorable judgments. These results are interpreted as evidence that product judgments are more favorable when an advertising message receives two types of elaboration, item-specific and relational, than when only one of these types of elaboration is dominant.

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Wilson, Gemma. "Examining the differences between the use of wearable cameras and traditional cameras in research – a research note." International Journal of Social Research Methodology 20, no. 5 (2016): 525–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/13645579.2016.1242317.

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Anderson, Donald. "The Spy in the Cab: The Use and Abuse of Taxicab Cameras in San Francisco." Surveillance & Society 10, no. 2 (2012): 150–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.24908/ss.v10i2.4321.

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Since security cameras were first required in San Francisco taxicabs in 2003, their unfolding story has come to contain many elements familiar to surveillance studies: the initial introduction of new technology in the wake of a moral panic; a failure of maintenance and a lapse into unreliability; and finally a resurgence accompanied by surveillance creep. This trajectory is explored using the concept of “surveillance slack,” and the stages of slackening and tensing of taxicab camera surveillance will be considered in terms of their shaping by issues of acceptability (where the line between use and abuse is drawn), of effectiveeness (what the cameras are perceived to be doing), and, underlying both of these, of integration, that is, how the slackness or tautness of surveillance interacts with existing lines of tension and conflict in the taxi industry. Since security cameras were first required in San Francisco taxicabs in 2003, their unfolding story has come to contain many elements familiar to surveillance studies: the initial introduction of new technology in the wake of a moral panic; a failure of maintenance and a lapse into unreliability; and finally a resurgence accompanied by surveillance creep. This trajectory is explored using the concept of “surveillance slack,” and the stages of slackening and tensing of taxicab camera surveillance will be considered in terms of their shaping by issues of acceptability (where the line between use and abuse is drawn), of effectiveness (what the cameras are perceived to be doing), and, underlying both of these, of integration, that is, how the slackness or tautness of surveillance interacts with existing lines of tension and conflict in the taxi industry. Since security cameras were first required in San Francisco taxicabs in 2003, their unfolding story has come to contain many elements familiar to surveillance studies: the initial introduction of new technology in the wake of a moral panic; a failure of maintenance and a lapse into unreliability; and finally a resurgence accompanied by surveillance creep. This trajectory is explored using the concept of “surveillance slack,” and the stages of slackening and tensing of taxicab camera surveillance will be considered in terms of their shaping by issues of acceptability (where the line between use and abuse is drawn), of effectiveness (what the cameras are perceived to be doing), and, underlying both of these, of integration, that is, how the slackness or tautness of surveill

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Hov, Asbjørn Magnar, and Henrik Neegaard. "The potential of chest mounted action cameras in early childhood education research." Nordic Studies in Science Education 16, no. 1 (2020): 4–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.5617/nordina.7049.

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GoPro action cameras have become increasingly popular in TV, movie production, and in sports filming. In this article, GoPro action cameras are explored as a data collection tool in outdoor early childhood education research. Using GoPro action cameras in outdoor early childhood education research provides great possibilities. The cameras can provide researchers with natural data about children’s interactions, play, and communication. The cameras function well under difficult outdoor conditions and provide the researcher with good sound and image quality. Ethical considerations are thoroughly discussed. Children’s rights to privacy may be breached using these cameras. Informed consent is crucial, and professionalism, human knowledge, and tact are required. This study concludes that ethical considerations need thorough attention if these cameras are to be considered for use in research about children.

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Govil, Kinshuk, Morgan L. Welch, J. Timothy Ball, and Carlton R. Pennypacker. "Preliminary Results from a Wildfire Detection System Using Deep Learning on Remote Camera Images." Remote Sensing 12, no. 1 (2020): 166. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs12010166.

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Pioneering networks of cameras that can search for wildland fire signatures have been in development for some years (High Performance Wireless Research & Education Network—HPWREN cameras and the ALERT Wildfire camera). While these cameras have proven their worth in monitoring fires reported by other means, we have developed a functioning prototype system that can detect smoke from fires usually within 15 min of ignition, while averaging less than one false positive per day per camera. This smoke detection system relies on machine learning-based image recognition software and a cloud-based work-flow capable of scanning hundreds of cameras every minute. The system is operating around the clock in Southern California and has already detected some fires earlier than the current best methods—people calling emergency agencies or satellite detection from the Geostationary Operational Environmental Satellite (GOES) satellites. This system is already better than some commercial systems and there are still many unexplored methods to further improve accuracy. Ground-based cameras are not going to be able to detect every wildfire, and so we are building a system that combines the best of terrestrial camera-based detection with the best approaches to satellite-based detection.

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Alsalman, Abdullah S. "Digital and Conventional Film-Based Non-Metric Cameras: A Comparison of Performance in Structural Deformation Surveys." FES Journal of Engineering Sciences 4, no. 1 (2009): 11. http://dx.doi.org/10.52981/fjes.v4i1.43.

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This research work presents the results of an experiment concerned with a comparison of the performance of non-metric digital and non-metric film -based cameras for structural deformation surveys. An Olympus OM 10 non-metric camera and a Fujix DS-100 still image digital camera were used to measure the amount of deformation of a model of a light-weight building when under load. For the sake of consistency, the same photogrammetric network design, control configuration and self -calibrating bundle adjustment were used for data evaluation. The results of the research show that digital non-metric cameras are viable ,and possibly accurate , tools for structural deformation studies .Taking into account the obvious advantages of ease of operation , relatively low cost and computer –amenability , the author appeals to surveyors and civil engineers to consider digital cameras in their respective deformation survey studies and practices.

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Taylor, Emmeline. "Lights, Camera, Redaction… Police Body-Worn Cameras; Autonomy, Discretion and Accountability." Surveillance & Society 14, no. 1 (2016): 128–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.24908/ss.v14i1.6285.

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TAKANO, Yasuhide, T. Goji ETOH, and Kohsei TAKEHARA. "Market Research for High-speed Video Cameras." Journal of the Visualization Society of Japan 21, no. 1Supplement (2001): 49–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.3154/jvs.21.1supplement_49.

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Änggård, Eva. "Digital cameras: agents in research with children." Children's Geographies 13, no. 1 (2013): 1–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/14733285.2013.827871.

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Garland, Laura, Andrew Crosby, Richard Hedley, Stan Boutin, and Erin Bayne. "Acoustic vs. photographic monitoring of gray wolves (Canis lupus): a methodological comparison of two passive monitoring techniques." Canadian Journal of Zoology 98, no. 3 (2020): 219–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/cjz-2019-0081.

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Remote camera traps are often used in large-mammal research and monitoring programs because they are cost-effective, allow for repeat surveys, and can be deployed for long time periods. Statistical advancements in calculating population densities from camera-trap data have increased the popularity of camera usage in mammal studies. However, drawbacks to camera traps include their limited sampling area and tendency for animals to notice the devices. In contrast, autonomous recording units (ARUs) record the sounds of animals with a much larger sampling area but are dependent on animals producing detectable vocalizations. In this study, we compared estimates of occupancy and detectability between ARUs and remote cameras for gray wolves (Canis lupus Linnaeus, 1758) in northern Alberta, Canada. We found ARUs to be comparable with cameras in their detectability and occupancy of wolves, despite only operating for 3% of the time that cameras were active. However, combining cameras and ARUs resulted in the highest detection probabilities for wolves. These advances in survey technology and statistical methods provide innovative avenues for large-mammal monitoring that, when combined, can be applied to a broad spectrum of conservation and management questions, provided assumptions for these methods are rigorously tested and met.

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Lv, Xue Zhi, Mei Ting Wang, Yong Feng Qi, Xue Mei Zhao, and Hao Dong. "Research on Ranging Method Based on Binocular Stereo Vision." Advanced Materials Research 945-949 (June 2014): 2075–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.945-949.2075.

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Binocular stereo vision ranging method taking contour boundary center of measurement object as matching features was investigated. And experimental platform for binocular stereo vision ranging system was built up. The stereo vision ranging system comprised four modules: camera calibration, stereo calibration, stereo rectification and features extraction. Firstly, the intrinsic parameters of single camera were obtained by camera calibration and relative pose of two cameras was obtained by stereo calibration. Then the left and right images were rectified into a frontal parallel arrangement by Bouguet’s method. The edge pixels of contours were detected by image processing. Then the disparity and the distance was calculated taking contour center as matching features. Finally, measurement error analysis was performed to verify the proposed method with good practicability.

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Safin, R., M. Amreev, T. Pavlova, E. Temyrkanova, and Y. Garmashova. "DEFINITION OF APPLICATION FIELD OF THE STAND FOR THE VIDEO MONITORING SYSTEMS INVESTIGATION." PHYSICO-MATHEMATICAL SERIES 2, no. 336 (2021): 115–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.32014/2021.2518-1726.29.

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The paper presents the results of determining the areas of application of a laboratory stand designed for studying and researching CCTV systems. The necessity of research of video cameras of the security alarm system, their testing at the organization of production and expediency of carrying out laboratory works by students of higher education institutions studying security systems is shown. The state of affairs in this area in post-Soviet countries is shown. Some requirements of the State educational standard on informativeness and expansion of opportunities of laboratory stands are given. The input parameters necessary for the design of video camera research stands are considered. The results of the study of the developed laboratory stand for the study and study of security television systems and the definition of areas for its application are presented. The structure of the stand and its parts is proposed. Developed recommendations for its use are given. The experience of conducting laboratory work on the study of the characteristics of security alarm cameras is analyzed. The possibility of studying robust filtering on the noise immunity of the video system, the influence of the illumination spectrum on the main qualitative characteristics of the video camera using the proposed stand is shown. A list of suggested to run the stand includes laboratory work “Studying the parameters, operation modes and configuration of video surveillance system NOVUS”, “the Study of possibilities of various types of cameras when changing the light and characterization of the sensitivity of various types of cameras, Definition of focal length, angle of view and resolution of different types of cameras and lenses, Definition of the working area of observation, the far and the dead zone for various types of cameras and lenses”, "Determination of conditionally dead zones for different recording speeds of the DVR and at different focal lengths” and" Determination of the volume and quality of recorded information from the value of the recording speed of the DVR”, as well as research works “The signal processing with variable spectrum”, “the Influence of robust filtering for noise immunity video”, “Influence of illumination spectrum on the main qualitative characteristics of the camera” and “Comparative performance of analog and digital cameras.”

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Pang, Yong Jie, Di Wang, Hai Huang, and Ming Wei Sheng. "Research on Underwater Binocular Camera Calibration and Distortion Analysis in Current Disturbance." Applied Mechanics and Materials 548-549 (April 2014): 688–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.548-549.688.

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The camera calibration is the basis of the binocular stereo vision technology. The purpose of the stereo calibration camera is to obtain the camera internal and external parameters and distortion coefficients. However, disturbances such as current are usually accompanied with the static water in the actual operation environment of underwater binocular cameras, which may cause further coefficients distortion. Therefore it is necessary to carry out the binocular calibration experiment in the flow disturbance. The camera distortion is analyzed both in static water condition and flow disturbance state. The analysis results indicate that the calibration methods used in this article is verified and the obtained parameters and distortion coefficients are accurate and reliable.

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Fancourt, Bronwyn A., Mark Sweaney, and Don B. Fletcher. "More haste, less speed: pilot study suggests camera trap detection zone could be more important than trigger speed to maximise species detections." Australian Mammalogy 40, no. 1 (2018): 118. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/am17004.

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Camera traps are being used increasingly for wildlife management and research. When choosing camera models, practitioners often consider camera trigger speed to be one of the most important factors to maximise species detections. However, factors such as detection zone will also influence detection probability. As part of a rabbit eradication program, we performed a pilot study to compare rabbit (Oryctolagus cuniculus) detections using the Reconyx PC900 (faster trigger speed, narrower detection zone) and the Ltl Acorn Ltl-5310A (slower trigger speed, wider detection zone). Contrary to our predictions, the slower-trigger-speed cameras detected rabbits more than twice as often as the faster-trigger-speed cameras, suggesting that the wider detection zone more than compensated for the relatively slower trigger time. We recommend context-specific field trials to ensure cameras are appropriate for the required purpose. Missed detections could lead to incorrect inferences and potentially misdirected management actions.

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Lv, Rui Peng, Hai Gang Sui, Ji Hui Tu, Xiao Yu Cai, and Liang Dong. "Object Tracking across Non-Overlapping Cameras Based on Improved TLD and Multi-Feathers Object Matching." Applied Mechanics and Materials 602-605 (August 2014): 1713–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.602-605.1713.

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Object tracking across non-overlapping views is a hot and important research topic in compute vision. In this paper, a novel method to track the interested object continuously across non-overlapping cameras is presented. This challenging task is taken as two sub-problems: single camera object tracking and object matching across disjoint cameras. An object tracking algorithm which improves Tracking-Learning-Detection (TLD) algorithm by adding background extraction and Kalman filter is presented to deal with the first problem. A new object matching algorithm based on the fusion of global features and local features at the assistance of 3D GIS is also introduced for object matching across disjoint cameras. The proposed approach does not need a training phase and inter-camera calibration. Experiments are carried out on real world videos to validate the proposed approach.

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Lian, Ping Ping. "A Novel USB3.0 High Definition 3D Video Camera Based on ARM." Advanced Materials Research 1037 (October 2014): 474–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.1037.474.

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This paper focuses on researches of the design and implementation of an innovative 3D video camera. Traditional 3D cameras use USB2.0 bus or similar buses. Those cameras are not capable of transferring high definition (HD) videos due to bus speed limitation. Utilizing the newest USB3.0 bus and high definition image sensors, this thesis designs one HD 3D camera and solves above problem. To maximize data transfer speed, it employs one 200MHz operating frequency ARM controller which guarantees real-time system responses at the same time. The field trial has demonstrated HD 3D camera in the article is feasible and rich in value of research.

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Yi, Duan Yang, Wang You Tang, and Jian Qiang Hao. "Comparative Research in Image Mosaic Based on the Similarity Measure of Print Detecting." Applied Mechanics and Materials 262 (December 2012): 163–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.262.163.

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According to the problem that a single CCD camera can't meet the requirement in the process of print image acquisition, using multiple cameras is to acquire several images that have overlapping regions. In order to improve the efficiency of algorithm, two methods of similarity algorithm have been studied. Then both of the adaptability and the diversity of two algorithms have been verified by experiments.

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Lee, Murray, Emmeline Taylor, and Matthew Willis. "Being held to account: Detainees’ perceptions of police body-worn cameras." Australian & New Zealand Journal of Criminology 52, no. 2 (2018): 174–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0004865818781913.

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Police organisations across the world are embracing body-worn video camera technology. The justification for this is to enhance public trust in police, provide transparency in policing activity, increase police accountability, reduce conflict between police and public, and to provide a police perspective of incidents and events. However, while the corpus of research into the efficacy and operational practicalities of police use of body-worn video cameras is developing, questions on some elements of their impact remain. The majority of scholarship has hitherto been evaluations focused on the impact of the cameras on police use of force and on the numbers of complaints against the police. Alternatively, this article explores body-worn video cameras from the perspective of police detainees, and specifically, detainees’ perceptions of the capacities of body-worn video cameras to deliver promised increased levels of accountability in policing. The article draws on a survey and research interviews with 907 police detainees across four Australian jurisdictions. While respondents largely support the use of body-worn video cameras they also identify a number of caveats. We conclude by suggesting that there are still impediments in body-worn video cameras to achieving the level of accountability promised by advocates and expected by the respondents.

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Altuntas, Cihan, and Ferruh Yildiz. "THE REGISTRATION OF POINT CLOUD DATA FROM RANGE IMAGING CAMERA." Geodesy and Cartography 39, no. 3 (2013): 106–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.3846/20296991.2013.840358.

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The measurement and 3D modelling techniques have been evolved as parallel technological improvements. Every new technique provides an opportunity for low-cost and fast measurements. The latest method for 3D measurement is the range imaging (RIM) camera. The new period in photogrammetry and 3D modelling applications has begun with the RIM cameras, and it has brought new research areas for scientists. The measurement capabilities, accuracies and application areas of RIM cameras have been increased by the time. In this study, the registration of point cloud data of RIM camera was investigated to perform 3D modelling task.

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Mustafah, Yasir Mohd, A. W. Azman, and M. H. Ani. "Object Distance and Size Measurement Using Stereo Vision System." Advanced Materials Research 622-623 (December 2012): 1373–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.622-623.1373.

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Object size identification is very useful in building systems or applications especially in autonomous system navigation. Many recent works have started to use multiple vision sensors or cameras for different type of application such as 3D image constructions, occlusion detection and etc. Multiple cameras system has becoming more popular since cameras are now very cheap and easy to deploy and utilize. The proposed measurement system consists of object detection on the stereo images and blob extraction and distance and size calculation and object identification. The system also employs a fast algorithm so that the measurement can be done in real-time. The object measurement using stereo camera is better than object detection using a single camera that was proposed in many previous research works. It is much easier to calibrate and can produce a more accurate results.

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Potter, Tamara I., Aaron C. Greenville, and Christopher R. Dickman. "Night of the hunter: using cameras to quantify nocturnal activity in desert spiders." PeerJ 9 (February 1, 2021): e10684. http://dx.doi.org/10.7717/peerj.10684.

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Invertebrates dominate the animal world in terms of abundance, diversity and biomass, and play critical roles in maintaining ecosystem function. Despite their obvious importance, disproportionate research attention remains focused on vertebrates, with knowledge and understanding of invertebrate ecology still lacking. Due to their inherent advantages, usage of camera traps in ecology has risen dramatically over the last three decades, especially for research on mammals. However, few studies have used cameras to reliably detect fauna such as invertebrates or used cameras to examine specific aspects of invertebrate ecology. Previous research investigating the interaction between wolf spiders (Lycosidae: Lycosa spp.) and the lesser hairy-footed dunnart (Sminthopsis youngsoni) found that camera traps provide a viable method for examining temporal activity patterns and interactions between these species. Here, we re-examine lycosid activity to determine whether these patterns vary with different environmental conditions, specifically between burned and unburned habitats and the crests and bases of sand dunes, and whether cameras are able to detect other invertebrate fauna. Twenty-four cameras were deployed over a 3-month period in an arid region in central Australia, capturing 2,356 confirmed images of seven invertebrate taxa, including 155 time-lapse images of lycosids. Overall, there was no clear difference in temporal activity with respect to dune position or fire history, but twice as many lycosids were detected in unburned compared to burned areas. Despite some limitations, camera traps appear to have considerable utility as a tool for determining the diel activity patterns and habitat use of larger arthropods such as wolf spiders, and we recommend greater uptake in their usage in future.

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Jin, Dian Chuan, Xiao Li Meng, and Hai Ming Wu. "Research on the Model of Positioning System and its Application." Applied Mechanics and Materials 50-51 (February 2011): 463–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.50-51.463.

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Digital Cameras positioning has a wide range of application in the aspect of traffic monitoring (e-police). The introduction of space Cartesian coordinate system together with the principle of image formation of digital camera and the physical relations among image, camera, and the original picture is where the general linear space model, with the Gaussian formula, Physical optics imaging as the constraint condition, is built, putting forward the theoretical formula of pinpointed coordinates of the center of the circle in the target plane on the plane of camera. Then we can safely draw the conclusion that the track of the target plane formed on the plane of an oval track. Second, the use of graphic tools extracting the track of the edge can help to fit out of elliptic equations, showing the coordinates of the five centers.

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Liang, Zheng. "Research of the Aerial Camera Lens to Eliminate the Secondary Spectrum." Applied Mechanics and Materials 644-650 (September 2014): 4076–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.644-650.4076.

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Aerial cameras are widely used in resource surveys, topographic mapping, military reconnaissance and many other fields. This paper introduced the sort of aerial camera, the development in our country and abroad about the theory of secondary spectrum. In order to meet the requirement for simple structure and high-resolution, the optical design of the apochromatism objective lens of aerial camera is achieved by common optical material. Objective’s focal length is 400mm, relative aperture is F/4 and work waveband is 420nm~850nm. Designing results show that the MTF of every field above 0.75 in 60lp/mm and satisfy the requirements of imaging for large frame array CCD whose effective size is 36mm×48mm.

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Shishido, Hidehiko, and Itaru Kitahara. "Calibration of multiple sparsely distributed cameras using a mobile camera." Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part P: Journal of Sports Engineering and Technology 234, no. 1 (2019): 37–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1754337119874276.

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In sports science research, there are many topics that utilize the body motion of athletes extracted by motion capture system, since motion information is valuable data for improving an athlete’s skills. However, one of the unsolved challenges in motion capture is extraction of athletes’ motion information during the actual game or match, as placing markers on athletes is a challenge during game play. In this research, the authors propose a method for acquisition of motion information without attaching a marker, utilizing computer vision technology. In the proposed method, the three-dimensional world joint position of the athlete’s body can be acquired using just two cameras without any visual markers. Furthermore, the athlete’s three-dimensional joint position during game play can also be obtained without complicated preparations. Camera calibration that estimates the projective relationship between three-dimensional world and two-dimensional image spaces is one of the principal processes for the respective three-dimensional image processing, such as three-dimensional reconstruction and three-dimensional tracking. A strong-calibration method, which needs to set up landmarks with known three-dimensional positions, is a common technique. However, as the target space expands, landmark placement becomes increasingly complicated. Although a weak-calibration method does not need known landmarks, the estimation precision depends on the accuracy of the correspondence between image captures. When multiple cameras are arranged sparsely, sufficient detection of corresponding points is difficult. In this research, the authors propose a calibration method that bridges multiple sparsely distributed cameras using mobile camera images. Appropriate spacing was confirmed between the images through comparative experiments evaluating camera calibration accuracy by changing the number of bridging images. Furthermore, the proposed method was applied to multiple capturing experiments in a large-scale space to verify its robustness. As a relevant example, the proposed method was applied to the three-dimensional skeleton estimation of badminton players. Subsequently, a quantitative evaluation was conducted on camera calibration for the three-dimensional skeleton. The reprojection error of each part of the skeletons and standard deviations were approximately 2.72 and 0.81 mm, respectively, confirming that the proposed method was highly accurate when applied to camera calibration. Consequently, a quantitative evaluation was conducted on the proposed calibration method and a calibration method using the coordinates of eight manual points. In conclusion, the proposed method stabilizes calibration accuracy in the vertical direction of the world coordinate system.

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Dreyfuss, Michael, and Mali Sher. "Policies for operating enforcement cameras." Journal of Transportation Safety & Security 12, no. 6 (2019): 746–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/19439962.2018.1552638.

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Li, Ming, Wen Bang Sun, Feng Jing Zhang, and Di Wu. "Research on Skew Imaging Simulation of Frame Cameras." Applied Mechanics and Materials 513-517 (February 2014): 3684–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.513-517.3684.

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Nowadays, most imaging simulation focus primarily on image quality, but the light path of an image sensor should be simulated in many application areas. So, skew imaging simulation of a frame camera has been researched in the paper. The main idea is that the pixels of a known vertical image in the vertical photosurface will be transferred to the corresponding pixels in the skew photosurface along the light path. First, several coordinate systems are set up to describe the space coordinates of a pixel. Then, the relationship between the vertical photosurface and the skew photosurface are built based on the collinearity equation. Finally, the skew image will be generated from the known vertical image by the method of indirect re-sampling. The theoretical analysis and experiment results show that the proposed method can simulate the skew imaging rule very well.

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Journal articles on the topic 'Research with cameras'

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