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1
Mathieson, Fiona, Jennifer Jordan, and Maria Stubbe. "Recent applications of metaphor research in cognitive behaviour therapy." Metaphor in Mental Healthcare 10, no. 2 (2020): 199–213. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/msw.00003.mat.
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Abstract Metaphors are common in psychotherapy. The last decade has seen increasing interest in the use of metaphor in cognitive behaviour therapy (CBT), with attention to client metaphors being asserted as a way of enhancing CBT. However, prior to this current research there was very little research on the use of metaphor in CBT sessions, and no studies have examined how to train therapists in this skill. This article discusses four studies that provide a preliminary empirical basis for the exploration of metaphors in CBT. The first study evaluated the reliability and utility of an approach to metaphor identification. The second study explored how clients and therapists co-construct metaphors, contributing to development of a shared language in early therapy sessions and identified a range of responses to each other’s metaphors. The third study explored the effect of training CBT therapists to intentionally bring client metaphors into case conceptualisations in terms of building therapeutic alliance and collaboration, along with an exploration of preference for metaphoric language. The fourth study explored the impact of the metaphor training on therapist confidence, awareness and use of metaphors, based on therapist self-report ratings and reflections on their ongoing application of learning over a three month period. These findings suggest that it is possibly to conduct empirical research on metaphor in CBT, with metaphor having potential as an important therapy process1 variable.
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Irwan, Irwan, and Muhammad Pujiono. "Perubahan Klasifikasi Metafora Pada Novel Laskar Pelangi Karya Andrea Hirata Versi Bahasa Jepang Berdasarkan Fungsi Kognitifnya." KIRYOKU 3, no. 3 (2019): 107. http://dx.doi.org/10.14710/kiryoku.v3i3.107-125.
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(The Changes of Metaphor Classification in Laskar Pelangi Novelby Andrea Hirata Japanese Language Version BasedonTheir Cognitive Functions) This article analyzed the changes in the classification of metaphorical expressions contained in the Laskar Pelangi novel based on their cognitive functions after being translated into the Japanese version. The theory used in this research is the classification theory of metaphor based on its cognitive function proposed by Kovecses (2010). This study uses a qualitative research approach with a descriptive type of research, while the method and data analysis uses interactive data analysis models from Miles, Huberman and Saldana (2014). The results of the data analysis showed that of 505 data found, there were 15 classifications of metaphor changes based on their cognitive functions, they are structural metaphors changed to structural metaphors consist of 95 data (18.8%), ontological metaphors to ontological metaphors consist of 151 data (29.9%), orientational metaphors to orientational metaphors consist of 5 data (1.0%), structural metaphor became ontological metaphor consist of 11 data (2.2%), structural metaphor became orientational metaphor consist of 2 data (0.4%), structural metaphor became simile consist of 2 data (0, 4%), structural metaphor becomes non-metaphoric consist of 67 data (13.3%), structural metaphor that was not translated consist of 4 data (0.8%), ontological metaphor became structural metaphors consist of 21 data (4.2%), ontological metaphor became orientational metaphor consist of 5 data (1,0%), ontological metaphor became simile consist of 10 data (2.0%), ontological metaphor became non metaphoric expression consist of 102 data (20.2%), untranslated ontological metaphor consist of 21 data (4.2%), orientational metaphor became non-metaphorical consist of 8 data (1.6%), and orientational metaphor became simile consist of 1 data (0.2%).
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Jamzaroh, Siti. "JENIS DAN BENTUK METAFORA DALAM KISDAP “JULAK AHIM” KARYA JAMAL T. SURYANATA." UNDAS: Jurnal Hasil Penelitian Bahasa dan Sastra 14, no. 1 (2019): 48. http://dx.doi.org/10.26499/und.v14i1.1135.
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This research is aimed to find out 1) to know the type of metaphor of Kisdap "Julak Ahim" (2) to describe the metaphoric function in that contained in Kisdap "Julak Ahim" The method used in this research is qualitative descriptive. Data collection is done by reading technique and record technique. Furthermore, the data are classified based on the metaphorical characteristics shown. Data analysis is done by contrasting the expression data used with the metaphor. The results found are: 1) The type of metaphor found based on 1.1) its constituent elements in kisdap "Julak Ahim" is a) the animal metaphor (2); b) the synesthesia metaphor (1); c) anthropomorphic metaphor (2); and d) concrete-abstract metaphor (2); 1.2) based on its structure, there are a) subjective and complementary nominative metaphors and b) sentence metaphors.
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Wulandari, Ari. "KEARIFAN LOKAL ORANG JAWA DALAM METAFORA NOVEL PARA PRIYAYI, KARYA UMAR KAYAM." SASDAYA: Gadjah Mada Journal of Humanities 1, no. 2 (2017): 164. http://dx.doi.org/10.22146/sasdayajournal.27779.
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The metaphor is born because of the limitations of human language, while the human mind is unlimited. This research data is a metaphor in the Para Priyayi novel. This study uses a qualitative research design or research context. Metaphors are covered depends context of existing metaphors in the Para Priyayi novel. Metaphoric consists of nine patterns, namely (1) one sentence, one metaphor, (2) one sentence, two metaphors, (3) one sentence, three metaphors, (4) tenor at the front, the vehicle in the behind, (5) vehicle at the front, tenor in the behind, (6) noun - verb, (7) verb - noun, (8) noun - adjective, and (9) the frozen form. As there are four kinds of metaphor, namely (1) a metaphor of man, (2) a metaphor of animal, (3) a metaphor of plant, and (4) a metaphor of natural circumstances. The sphere of life that exists in the Para Priyayi novel metaphor includes five programs: (1) economics, (2) the family, (3) community, (4) the natural environment, and (5) of religion and belief. The values of local wisdom includes nine things, namely (1) character, (2) ethics, (3) chivalry, (4) the concept of Manunggaling Kawula kalawan Gusti, (5) education, (6) the attitude of the community, (7) moral education, (8) self-control, and (9) leadership. The research proves that metaphor in the Para Priyayi novel has certain forms and types, contains the realm of Javanese life, and the values of Java local wisdom.
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Gibbs, Raymond W., and Elaine Chen. "Metaphor and the automatic mind." Metaphor and the Social World 8, no. 1 (2018): 40–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/msw.16026.gib.
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Abstract When people produce or understand verbal metaphors, and metaphoric gestures, do they do so automatically or with conscious deliberation? Metaphor scholars widely recognize that the answer to this question depends on several factors, including the specific kind of metaphor that was produced or understood. But many scholars assume that the automatic use of metaphor involves the simple retrieval of its figurative meaning, without having to draw any cross-domain mappings. We argue that automaticity in behavior, such as when using verbal metaphors, actually involves many complex embodied and conceptual processes, even if these may operate quickly and without conscious attention. This article reviews the evidence for this claim, and considers other attempts to explore automaticity in metaphoric experiences, such as in 20th-century automatic writing practices. Our argument provides another set of reasons, from cognitive science research, to reject simplistic assumptions that automatic metaphor behavior is necessarily different in kind from more conscious metaphor use and understanding.
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Ferreira, Luciane Corrêa. "Applying corpus linguistics methodology to psycholinguistics research." DELTA: Documentação de Estudos em Lingüística Teórica e Aplicada 26, spe (2010): 545–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0102-44502010000300008.
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This study concerns the use of corpus linguistics methodology in psycholinguistics research. Ten linguistic metaphors were selected from English and American newspapers. After that, we identified the underlying conceptual metaphor based on the conceptual metaphor inventory by Lakoff and Johnson (1980, 1999). We seek to investigate what sort of knowledge EFL-learners use when trying to understand a linguistic metaphor. We examined how EFL-learners comprehend linguistic metaphors, firstly without using the context and then using the context. The sample comprised 221 Brazilian students and 16 American students at UCSC. We have also carried out an empirical research using WebCorp.
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Cornelissen, Joep P., Cliff Oswick, Lars Thøger Christensen, and Nelson Phillips. "Metaphor in Organizational Research: Context, Modalities and Implications for Research — Introduction." Organization Studies 29, no. 1 (2008): 7–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0170840607086634.
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We provide a general overview of previous work which has explored the use of metaphors in organizational research. Differences in focus and form of research on metaphors are noted. Work in organization theory (OT) and organizational communication (OC) generally features prescriptive metaphors that aid the practice of theorizing and research; research in organizational development (OD) tends to use metaphors for intervention in individual and group decision-making; while studies of organizational behaviour (OB) emphasize the metaphors-in-use within individuals' sensemaking accounts of critical events within their organization. Alongside these differences in focus, the form of metaphor analysis also differs across these contexts, ranging from text- and discourse-based analysis to the analysis of non-linguistic modalities such as pictorial signs, gestures and artefacts. Based on our overview of previous work, we call for greater attention to methodological issues around metaphor identification and analysis and outline a number of directions for further research.
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Altaras-Dimitrijevic, Ana, and Marija Tadic. "Figuring out the figurative: Individual differences in literary metaphor comprehension." Psihologija 40, no. 3 (2007): 399–415. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/psi0703399a.
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This paper explores the cognitive and affective-conative correlates of metaphor comprehension. We first introduce the concept of metaphor by describing its essential features and functions. Then, we give a short review of key findings derived from cognitive and developmental studies of metaphor comprehension. Finally, we discuss individual differences in metaphoric skill and sensitivity and present the results of an empirical investigation in which we sought to determine the relationship between literary metaphor comprehension, the subjective experience of metaphors and the readers? verbal intelligence and personality traits. On the basis of our research findings, it is argued that metaphoric ability represents a central facet of intelligence and that the Test of Literary Metaphor Comprehension designed in our study may be viewed as a valid measure of verbal ability. .
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Lutai, Natalia, and Tetiana Besarab. "METAPHOR RESEARCH IN COGNITIVE LINGUISTICS." Naukovì zapiski Nacìonalʹnogo unìversitetu «Ostrozʹka akademìâ». Serìâ «Fìlologìâ» 1, no. 10(78) (2020): 21–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.25264/2519-2558-2020-10(78)-21-25.
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The article emphasizes the fact that within the past decades there has been a significant interest to studying of metaphors, the main reason awakening it is associated with studies conducted in the field of cognitive linguistics. Many scientists who are engaged in cognitive linguistics consider the metaphor not only as a part of the language, but as well as a fundamental part of the way of human thinking, reasoning and imagination. To some extent this statement has been confirmed by a huge number of empirical studies carried out in this area of linguistics recently. The main purpose of this article is to describe the empirical foundations of cognitive linguistic research related to metaphors, to acknowledge various critical remarks regarding works on essential issues in this area, as well as weaknesses in the concept of metaphor represented by cognitive linguists, Plus, some urgent challenges that are to be resolved to define the subsequent research concerning the part of metaphors in language, thinking and culture have been enlightened. It has been pointed out that cognitive linguists, like scientists from any other academic field, are limited in their work owing to the empirical methods they use, for example, when discussing specific theories of language and thinking.
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Ntabo, Victor, and George Ogal Ouma. "A Metaphoric Analysis of Miriri’s Ekegusii Pop Song Ebunda." International Journal of English and Comparative Literary Studies 2, no. 1 (2021): 24–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.47631/ijecls.v2i1.163.
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The study undertakes a metaphoric analysis of the animal metaphors in Miriri’s Ekegusii pop song “Ebunda” (a donkey) to reveal meaning. The meaning of the animal metaphors in the song might be elusive to the majority of the fans because metaphor is principally a matter of thought and action which is often situated in a specific context. The study employed the descriptive research design to describe the metaphors as used in the song. First, four coders (including the researchers) were employed to identify the metaphors in the song through the Metaphor Identification Procedure Vrije Universiteit. Secondly, the metaphors in the song were classified into animal metaphors based on the levels of the principle of Great Chain of Being metaphor (GCBM). The animal metaphors in “Ebunda” were then explained using the Conceptual Metaphor Theory. The study reveals that animals are stratified source domains used to effectively conceptualize human beings as highlighted in the song. In addition, the animal metaphors in “Ebunda” are used on a cognitive basis to reveal the perceptions Abagusii (the native speakers of Ekegusii) have about some animals in society. Metaphors are crucial ways of communication and are best explained using the Cognitive Linguistics paradigm.
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Pavlovic, Jelena. "Overview of research of personal epistemologies: Analysis of research metaphors." Zbornik Instituta za pedagoska istrazivanja 41, no. 1 (2009): 61–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/zipi0901061p.
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This paper presents developmental, cognitive and psychometric tradition in research of personal epistemologies. Instead of a 'neutral' approach, we offer the analysis of research metaphors underlying the studying of personal epistemologies. Metaphor 'pilgrim's progress' assumes understanding epistemological development as a 'temptation' leading towards 'enlightenment' and abandoning faith in Absolute truth. Metaphor 'regulatory software' narrows down researcher's subject of interest to epistemic cognition in the specific problem situation, whereby evaluation of functioning of 'regulatory software' and its improvement are observed as the most important tasks. Finally, within the metaphor 'decent outfit' the starting assumption is that epistemological beliefs are relatively fixed and that personal epistemologies which are 'balanced' and 'decent' are privileged. By analyzing research metaphors, light was shed on basic assumptions and implications of research of personal epistemologies. The following questions were explored: which ways of 'seeing' were pledged in the approaches to research of personal epistemologies, which methodological choices arise from those ways of 'seeing', as well as which are the functions or effects of different ways of 'seeing'. In this way, a new perspective was offered for the assessment of multiple conceptualizations in research of personal epistemologies.
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Ratri, Deasy Ade. "A Semantic Analysis of Metaphors Found In “Dream Theatre’s” Selected Lyrics." LUNAR 1, no. 02 (2017): 10–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.36526/ln.v1i02.454.
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Metaphor is an implicit comparison in which two unlike objects are compared by identification or substitution of one for the other to suggest common quality shared by the two. It is an implied analogy in which a word or phrase is applied to a person, object, idea or concept to which it is literally or semantically inapplicable. Many students in English Department are still confused in interpreting metaphors’ meaning whereas they have learned semantics. The research aims to find the types of metaphors which are used in Dream Theatre’s selected lyrics then interpret its contextual meaning. There are five song lyrics are chosen. They are, As I am, Endless Sacrifice, Pull Me Under, The Spirit Carries On, and Through Her Eyes. This research uses theory of Chrystal that classifies the metaphors into three types. They are Conceptual Metaphor, Mixed Metaphor, and Poetic Metaphor.
 To achieve the research purposes, this research uses content analysis by deductive category application. The steps in deductive category application are collecting the theory related to metaphors, identifying the concepts of metaphors, coding Dream Theatre’s selected lyrics, classify the metaphors according to Chrystal theory, and interpreting the contextual meaning of metaphors. The result shows that forty three cases of metaphors which are found in Dream Theatre’s selected lyrics. There are three thirty two metaphors that included to Conceptual metaphor, Tens metaphor are Mixed metaphor, and one metaphors are Poetic metaphor. According to the result above, conceptual metaphor are higher and more often than mixed metaphor and poetic metaphor, mixed metaphor ranks second and Poetic metaphor appears as the least type
 Based on the result, it is suggested to the readers use the information to know widely and deeply about the types of metaphors classified by Chrystal, as the reference or study more about metaphors. For the students who are learning about metaphors or students who are in English Department are suggested to use songs in learning and improving their capability in language and interpreting the meaning. While for the lecturer, it is suggested to use songs as a resourches in teaching semantics especially in teaching metaphors
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Liang, Songman. "A Corpus-Based Study on Conceptual Metaphors in the Finance & Economics Column of The Economist." International Journal of English Language Studies 3, no. 8 (2021): 14–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.32996/ijels.2021.3.8.3.
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Traditional metaphor researches consider metaphors as a rhetoric device for ornamental study. In 1980, Lakoff and Johnson put forward the Conceptual Metaphor Theory, which marks the shift of metaphor study from rhetoric view to cognitive view. Since then, numerous studies at home and abroad on conceptual metaphors have emerged. Economic news has also become a research interest. However, few research concerns about The Economist, let alone Finance & Economics Column inside. Therefore, this study explores the conceptual metaphors in the Finance & Economics Column of the Economist with Conceptual Metaphor Theory as a theoretical foundation. In order to address the above questions, the paper selects articles from October 2019 to December 2019 in The Economist and employs both qualitative and quantitative approaches to analyze conceptual metaphors in the self-constructed corpus. The results show that: firstly, altogether 443 conceptual metaphors are identified in the corpus, covering structural metaphor, ontological metaphor and orientational metaphor. Due to space limitation, only JOURNNEY metaphor, HUMAN BEING metaphor and UP/DOWN metaphor with high frequency is selected to be analyzed in detail. And their frequency varies from each other. Secondly, these three metaphors are identified in the corpus function by mapping from the source domain to the target domain. Finally, the frequency of these three metaphors is different lies in the systematicity, cultural coherence of metaphors and characteristics of economic news. This study enlarges the scope of conceptual metaphor and helps enhance their metaphorical awareness in economic discourses.
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Siska, Mirwana, Zainuddin ., and Anni Holila Pulungan. "LEXICAL METAPHOR IN INDONESIAN VERSION OF SURAH AL-KAHFI." LINGUISTIK TERAPAN 18, no. 2 (2021): 117. http://dx.doi.org/10.24114/lt.v18i2.27890.
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ABSTRACTIn communication, people often faced to the use of metaphor, but many of us sometimes don't understand the metaphor itself. People usually find metaphors when using language in communication where the language they want to say is different from the actual meaning. metaphor divided into two; lexical metaphor and grammatical metaphor and lexical metaphor. This research focus on lexical metaphor that shows variations of words in which there are veiled meanings or different meanings. This research aims to explain why lexical metaphors are used in the Surah Al-Kahfi. This research revealed that (+) specialized, un-equal, formal and written have some frequency. All of them were found 42 times or 100%. Meanwhile, the (-) specialized, equal, informal and spoken with zero experience. the researcher was interested to conduct a research about lexical metaphor that used in Surah Al-Kahfi with Bahasa Indonesia translation version of the Qur’an. Keywords: Metaphor, Lexical Metaphor, Al-Qur’an, Surah Al-Kahfi
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Kozlova, Tetyana. "Cognitive Metaphors of Covid-19 Pandemic in Business News." SHS Web of Conferences 100 (2021): 02004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/shsconf/202110002004.
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The research considers the COVID-19 pandemic cognitive metaphors conveyed by means of the English language in business news. The interpretation of metaphor goes beyond its traditional understanding as a rhetorical device. The approach is consistent with a cognitive theory claiming that metaphor is a mental instrument to reflect the way we reason and imagine the world. The paper provides a brief theoretical framework of the research, discusses the concept, role and types of cognitive metaphor. It deals with particular cases of metaphoric representations of the pandemic selected fromThe Financial Times, an international daily with focus on business and economic affairs. The results of the study reveal a variety of lexical means to express the dynamic image of the pandemic that exhibits a gradual shift from the military metaphor to variant interpretations. The findings prove the pervasiveness of metaphor in business and mass media communication, its significance to understand difficult situations, efficiently communicate ideas and influence the audience.
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Yanti, Yuli, and Sufil Lailiyah. "An Analysis of Metaphors in the Other Hands Novel by Chris Cleave." PIONEER: Journal of Language and Literature 10, no. 1 (2018): 52. http://dx.doi.org/10.36841/pioneer.v10i1.188.
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Metaphor was figurative expression, the transferred sense of physical word, the personification of an abstraction, the application of a word or collocation to what it did not literally denote to describe one thing in terms of another. Metaphor could be found in many media like newspapers, magazines, novels, etc. In this research the researcher indentified the metaphor and described meaning of metaphor in The Other Hands Novel.The data in this research were the sentence that contained metaphor in The Other Hands Novel. This research was done by analyzing the data qualitatively. There was some steps to analyze the data they were: Identifing the sentences in The Other Hands novel, analyzing the metaphors in the sentences to identify the components of metaphor. The researcher defined the source domain and the target domain and analyzed the metaphors in the sentences to find out the literal and non-literal meaning of the metaphor.The findings of the analysis reveal that there were eighteens data of meaning in metaphors found by researcher. The researcher expected the next researchers to do the analysis on metaphors with other object of research. The researcher also expected the next researchers to identify metaphors with different relevant theories.
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Gibbs, Raymond W. "Are ‘deliberate’ metaphors really deliberate?" Metaphor and the Social World 1, no. 1 (2011): 26–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/msw.1.1.03gib.
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Some metaphor scholars have proposed that certain notable metaphorical expressions in speech and writing may have been deliberately composed, and quite consciously employed for their special rhetorical purposes. Deliberate metaphors are different from conventional ones, which are typically produced automatically and thoughtlessly, something that speakers and listeners, authors and readers, tacitly recognize when they engage in metaphoric discourse. This article explores some of these common assumptions about deliberate metaphor in light of contemporary research in cognitive science on meaning, consciousness and human action. My claim is that deliberate metaphors, contrary to the popular view, may not be as ‘deliberate’ in their creation and use as is traditionally believed, and therefore are not essentially different from other forms of metaphoric language. Moreover, engaging in deliberative thought processes is often exactly the wrong way to create novel, apt verbal metaphors.
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Hawkins, Spencer. "Theory of a practice: A foundation for Blumenberg’s metaphorology in Ricoeur’s theory of metaphor." Thesis Eleven 155, no. 1 (2019): 91–108. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0725513619888665.
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Hans Blumenberg is celebrated for demonstrating that metaphors have had a more foundational influence than concepts on European intellectual history. Many acknowledge that his insights might have achieved even greater impact if he had articulated a more explicit theory of metaphor. In 1960 Blumenberg discusses the historical formation of metaphors that have given rise to meaningful discourses on metaphysical abstractions, like God, existence, or Being, but he does not develop a general model of metaphoric language, and his work rarely engages with other contemporary theories of metaphor. During Blumenberg’s lifetime, French and German postwar philosophers rarely cited one another. Yet French hermeneutics, and the work of philosopher Paul Ricoeur in particular, may have strongly influenced Blumenberg’s research group, Poetik und Hermeneutik. This paper is an attempt to recuperate intellectual affinities between Blumenberg and Ricoeur, in order to demonstrate that Ricoeur’s claims about metaphor provide the theoretical background for a fuller appreciation of Blumenberg’s metaphor analyses.
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Meyer, Marcy. "Concrete Research Poetry: A Visual Representation of Metaphor." Art/Research International: A Transdisciplinary Journal 2, no. 1 (2017): 32. http://dx.doi.org/10.18432/r2ks6f.
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In this paper, the author employs concrete research poetry as a visual representation of a metaphor analysis. Using autoethnographic methods, she explores the experiences of eight single mothers of children and young adults with mental illness. She conducts a metaphor analysis of semi-structured interview data and generates concrete poetic structures from metaphors that emerged from the data. In the process, she transforms data into art.
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Salo, Victoria, and Ibragim Kurbanov. "Metaphoric modelling of “ARREST” in Thomas P. Whitney’s translation of Aleksandr I. Solzhenitsyn’s novel “The Gulag Archipelago”." SHS Web of Conferences 69 (2019): 00098. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/shsconf/20196900098.
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The article offers a cognitive analysis of a metaphor in the framework of narrative discourse.It closely looks into the term ‘metaphoric model’ and discloses the latter listing a number of examples. The research of metaphors is a relevant study in linguistics which allows one to analyse mental processes due to the fact that a thought viewed as a mental activity easily operates with metaphors alleviating the process of encoding and decoding messages. Moreover, when any society disapproves of expressing a personal point of view due to current social and political events, metaphor interpretation becomes one of the few ways which helps disclose an individual attitude towards the events
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Xu, Xiaobing, and Rong Chen. "Time metaphor and regulatory focus." European Journal of Marketing 54, no. 8 (2020): 1865–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ejm-08-2018-0575.
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Purpose Two time metaphors are often adopted to express the passage of time: the ego-moving metaphor that conceptualizes the ego as moving toward the stationary event (e.g. we are approaching the holiday) or the event-moving metaphor that conceptualizes the event as moving toward the stationary ego (e.g. the holiday is approaching us). This paper aims to investigate the influence of the time metaphor on regulatory focus, as well as its downstream marketing implications. Design/methodology/approach Five studies were conducted. Studies 1a–1c examined the moderating effect of the valence of events on the relationship between time metaphors and regulatory focus. Studies 2–3 investigated the downstream marketing implications of the above effects. Findings The findings indicated that compared to the event-moving metaphor, the ego-moving metaphor is more likely to evoke a promotion focus when consumers anticipate a positive event. However, when the event is negative, the ego-moving metaphor is more likely to evoke a prevention focus compared to the event-moving metaphor. Research limitations/implications This research extends the previous literature on regulatory focus activation by showing that time metaphors affect regulatory focus, and that event valence plays a critical moderating role in the relationship. Practical implications Many companies rely on positive events (e.g. holidays, anniversaries) to market their products. The findings of this research suggest that companies promoting products with promotion-related benefits or products with higher risks should adopt an ego-moving metaphor to describe the coming of the event. In contrast, companies promoting products with prevention-related benefits or products with low risks should adopt an event-moving metaphor to describe the coming of the event. Originality/value This research showed that the effects of time metaphors on consumers’ regulatory focus depend on the valence of the events. It also demonstrated the downstream implications of time metaphors by showing that time metaphors influence consumer product choices and financial decisions.
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AYDEMİR, Arcan, and Turhan ÇETİN. "Metaphorical Perceptions of Preservice Social Studies Teachers About the Communication Skills." International Journal of Psychology and Education Studies 8, no. 3 (2021): 77–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.52380/ijpes.2021.8.3.321.
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The study aimed to determine the perceptions of preservice social studies teachers about communication; metaphors were employed to determine communication skill perceptions. In the study, a qualitative research method known as phenomenology design was employed. The study group included 127 preservice social studies teachers in various classes. In the study, metaphoric perceptions form was used to collect the data. The collected data were analysed with content analysis. The study findings demonstrated that preservice social studies teachers produced 36 valid metaphors in 7 different conceptual categories (a requirement, a nonverbal code system, a mutual process, a positive connotation, a unifying element, a dynamic phenomenon, communication as a method to reflect ideas). The total metaphor count and metaphor frequencies revealed that the highest number of metaphors was produced in the communications as a requirement category. The most repeated metaphor in this category was the requirement of water to sustain life. In this category, concepts such as blood, breathing, and oxygen, which are important for human life, were expressed as metaphors that represented communication skills.
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Sardinha, Tony Berber. "Metaphor and Corpus Linguistics." Revista Brasileira de Linguística Aplicada 11, no. 2 (2011): 329–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s1984-63982011000200004.
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In this paper, I look at four different aspects of metaphor research from a corpus linguistic perspective, namely: (1) the lexicogrammar of metaphors, which refers to the patterning of linguistic metaphor revealed by corpus analysis; (2) metaphor probabilities, which is a facet of metaphor that emerges from frequency-based studies of metaphor; (3) dimensions of metaphor variation, or the search for systematic parameters of variation in metaphor use across different registers; and (4) automated metaphor retrieval, which relates to the development of software to help identify metaphors in corpora. I argue that these four aspects are interrelated, and that advances in one of them can drive changes in the others.
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DAVID, OANA, and TEENIE MATLOCK. "Cross-linguistic automated detection of metaphors for poverty and cancer." Language and Cognition 10, no. 3 (2018): 467–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/langcog.2018.11.
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abstractConceptual metaphor research has benefited from advances in discourse analytic and corpus linguistic methodologies over the years, especially given recent developments with Natural Language Processing (NLP) technologies. Such technologies are now capable of identifying metaphoric expressions across large bodies of text. Here we focus on how one particular analytic tool, MetaNet, can be used to study everyday discourse about personal and social problems, in particular, poverty and cancer, by leveraging reusable networks of primary metaphors enhanced with specific metaphor subcases. We discuss the advantages of this approach in allowing us to gain valuable insights into cross-linguistic metaphor commonalities and variation. To demonstrate its utility, we analyze corpus data from English and Spanish.
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Rosenman, Stephen. "Metaphor, Meaning and Psychiatry." Australasian Psychiatry 16, no. 6 (2008): 391–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10398560801995285.
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Objective: The aim of this paper is to examine the scientific and cognitive role of metaphor and the use of metaphor in the conceptualization of depression as an example of mental illness. Conclusions: Metaphors from the creative arts have been used to support existing psychiatric diagnostic concepts. The existing concepts are themselves built on embedded metaphors now treated as literal facts. The choice of metaphor dictates not only the description of the condition but also its treatment and research. The use of unacknowledged and unchanging metaphors in current diagnostic practice affects progress in knowledge and practice. Some alternative borrowings of basic metaphors are provided.
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DUFFY, SARAH E., and VYVYAN EVANS. "The top trumps of time: factors motivating the resolution of temporal ambiguity." Language and Cognition 9, no. 2 (2016): 293–315. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/langcog.2016.8.
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abstractWhat factors motivate our understanding of metaphoric statements about time? English exhibits two deictic space–time metaphors: the Moving Ego metaphor conceptualizes the ego as moving forward through time, while the Moving Time metaphor conceptualizes time as moving forward towards the ego (Clark, 1973). In addition to earlier research investigating spatial influences on temporal reasoning (e.g., Boroditsky & Ramscar, 2002), recent lines of research have provided evidence that a complex of factors, such as personality differences, event valence, lifestyle, and emotional experiences, may also influence people’s perspectives on the movement of events in time – providing new insights on metaphor and its ability to reflect thought and feeling (e.g., Duffy & Feist, 2014; Duffy, Feist, & McCarthy, 2014; Margolies & Crawford, 2008; Richmond, Wilson, & Zinken, 2012). Probing these findings further, two studies were conducted to investigate whether the interpretation of a temporally ambiguous question may arise from an interaction between the valence of the event and aspects of the personality (Experiment 1) and lifestyle (Experiment 2) of the comprehender. The findings we report on shed further light on the complex nature of temporal reasoning. While this involves conceptual metaphor, it also invokes more complex temporal frames of reference (t-FoRs) (Evans, 2013), which are only partially subserved by space-to-time conceptual metaphors.
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Sudrama, Ketut. "IDENTIFYING ENGLISH METAPHORS." KULTURISTIK: Jurnal Bahasa dan Budaya 1, no. 1 (2017): 97. http://dx.doi.org/10.22225/kulturistik.1.1.221.
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A metaphor can be identified in two ways, they are; in a wider sense and a specific sense. This article is only focused on figurative speech in specific sense. In its specific sense it always has three elements, namely: topic, image and the point of similarity. Metaphor then can be classified into two, they are: dead and live metaphors. The aims of this research are: (1) to identify the English metaphors in the English novel, (2) to know the classification of the metaphors, and (3) to identify the structures of metaphors. The data of this research are all collected from an English novel entitled Master of the Game written by Sidney Sheldon (1982) so then the method applied here is of course library research. The theory applied here is proposed by George Lakoff (1979). The result of this research shows that (1) there is always an anomaly meaning in the metaphor, (2) there are two types of metaphors, they are: dead and live, and (3) not all elements of the metaphor are always explicitly stated.
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Oļehnoviča, Ilze, Jeļena Tretjakova, and Solveiga Liepa. "Metaphors Instrumental in Achieving the Pragmatic Effect in Animal Rights Advertisements." Research in Language 18, no. 4 (2020): 441–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.18778/1731-7533.18.4.06.
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Metaphor can manifest itself in a variety of form including the visual one, which can be an extremely expressive means of communication. That is why visual metaphors are widely used by marketers and advertisers thus becoming a topical object of linguistic research programmes. The study of visual metaphor is tightly related to the study of conceptual metaphor as the target message delivered by a picture is derived from a certain source field that is employed for metaphorical representation. Another type of metaphor commonly used in visual representation is a multimodal metaphor. The present research dwells upon the study of metaphor use in animal rights protection advertisements. The hypothesis of the study is that visual metaphors present strong content that can activate emotions and contribute to the marketers’ desire to influence the audience.
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Landau, Mark J. "Using Metaphor to Find Meaning in Life." Review of General Psychology 22, no. 1 (2018): 62–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/gpr0000105.
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Pursuing meaning in life confronts the individual with abstract ideas about the connections between experiences and identities over time ( continuity), the ends that life serves ( purpose), and its worth ( value). Conceptual metaphor theory is helpful to explain the cognitive strategies people use to understand these ideas. This theory posits that metaphor is a cognitive tool for understanding abstractions in terms of superficially dissimilar, relatively more concrete concepts. Early empirical tests of this claim focused on how activated metaphors influence judgments of other people, events, and social issues. Going further, an emerging area of research examines metaphor's roles in perceptions of life's continuity, purpose, and value. This article provides the first overview of this development. Specific aims are to organize previous findings, identify questions for future research, and discuss theoretical implications for the meaning of meaning.
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Gibbs, Raymond W. "Counting Metaphors: What Does this Reveal about Language and Thought?" Cognitive Semantics 1, no. 2 (2015): 155–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/23526416-00102001.
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Counting metaphors has become quite fashionable in metaphor research. There are numerous attempts to reliably identify metaphors in discourse and count their frequencies. These studies aim to accurately assess the prominence of metaphor in language, but also provide insights into active metaphorical thinking. My evaluation of this research suggests that there may be rough correspondences between the frequency of metaphor and the richness of metaphorical thought. At the same time, even a single verbal metaphor can fundamentally structure an entire discourse, illustrating the power of metaphor to shape how we think about many abstract ideas and events. I also describe instances in which nonmetaphorical language can also enhance metaphorical thinking, and suggest the need for new ways of measuring metaphoricity in language and thought.
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MacArthur, Fiona, and Jeannette Littlemore. "On the repetition of words with the potential for metaphoric extension in conversations between native and non-native speakers of English." Metaphor and the Social World 1, no. 2 (2011): 201–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/msw.1.2.05mac.
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Although quite a lot is known about the way that non-native speakers of English may interpret and produce metaphors in their second language, we know little about metaphor use in face-to-face conversation between primary and secondary speakers of English. In this article we explore the use of metaphors in two types of conversational data: one elicited in a semi-structured interview format, the other consisting of naturally occurring conversations involving one non-native speaker in dialogue with various native speakers. We found that although native speakers’ use of metaphor was occasionally problematic for the interaction, metaphor also afforded opportunities for topic development in these conversations. The repetition of a word with the potential for metaphoric extension was a particularly valuable strategy used by non-native speakers in these conversations in constructing their coherent contributions to the discourse. In contrast, the use of phraseological metaphors (often the focus of activities aimed at fostering second language learners’ mastery of conventional English metaphors) did not contribute to the joint construction of meanings in these circumstances. We discuss the role of high frequency vocabulary in these conversations and some implications for further research.
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Ilahi, Riski Nur, Sufil Lailiyah, and Ahmad Yusuf Firdaus. "The Analysis of Metaphor Translation in the Novel Angels and Demons by Dan Brown." PIONEER: Journal of Language and Literature 11, no. 1 (2019): 43. http://dx.doi.org/10.36841/pioneer.v11i1.434.
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This research analyzed metaphor translation in the novel of Angels and Demons with the purposes to analyzing the technique of translation and to know the quality of metaphor translation found in the novel Angels and Demons. The data were analyzed by using the theory of metaphor by Larson (1998), technique of translation used theory of Molina and Albir (2002) and quality of translation used Translation Quality Assessment theory by Nababan (2012). The analysis started by analyzing metaphorical expression, classifying the technique of translation and identifying the quality of translation based on the theory that was use for this research. The findings revealed that there were 119 metaphor expressions with 84 live metaphors and 35 dead metaphors. The metaphor translation used nine techniques of translation and the quality of metaphor translation was qualified by the assessment 2.90.
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Dumov, Alexander. "Metaphor in the Structure of Exploring Complexity." Bulletin of Kemerovo State University. Series: Humanities and Social Sciences 2020, no. 4 (2021): 315–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.21603/2542-1840-2020-4-4-315-322.
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The paper presents a review of modern philosophical and methodological literature on exploring complexity. The research featured the effect of metaphor in the cognitive processes, research communication, and transmission of complex ideas. The author developed a classification of metaphors in the context of exploring complexity. The approach is based on the identification of a certain ontological and epistemic content of the metaphor. The contextual role of the metaphor in cognition processes depends on these aspects of its content. The author analyzed the groups of metaphors associated with such topics of exploring complexity as self-organization, ecology, and dialogue. The metaphors proved important in developing a complex vision of the relationship between the cognizer and the world. The study also examined the axiological aspects of the metaphors, as well as the connection between the metaphor and the new vision of rationality, typical of the philosophical reflection of complexity. The metaphor proved to have a heuristic, communicative, and organizational potential in conditions of methodological uncertainty. The context of philosophical and theoretical-methodological reflection of complexity makes it possible to study the metaphor in order to identify the existing models of exploring complexity and their cognitive stylistics.
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Knapton, Olivia, and Gabriella Rundblad. "Metaphor, discourse dynamics and register: applications to written descriptions of mental health problems." Text & Talk 38, no. 3 (2018): 389–410. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/text-2018-0005.
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Abstract Discursive approaches to metaphor recognize that different social contexts and discourse activities will influence metaphor use. Using a descriptive text written by a participant with obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) as a case study, we demonstrate how, in a research context, metaphors do not only serve a representational function but they can also build relationships between the researcher and the participant, create a persuasive piece of writing and construct multiple identities. Through an analysis of metaphors and their surrounding, non-metaphorical co-text, it is thus argued that studies exploring metaphor in elicited research data need to integrate considerations of the research context into their analyses to a greater extent. We also show how a discourse dynamics approach to metaphor can be combined with a systemic-functional approach to register in order to capture both the discursive functions of metaphors and their emergence as the text progresses.
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ALOUSQUE, ISABEL NEGRO. "Verbo-pictorial metaphor in French advertising." Journal of French Language Studies 24, no. 2 (2013): 155–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0959269513000045.
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ABSTRACTIn the last thirty years the development of the Cognitive Metaphor Theory (e.g. Lakoff, 1987, 2006; Lakoff and Johnson, 1999) has led to vast research into metaphor. The study of linguistic metaphor was followed by a body of work into pictorial metaphor (Forceville, 1994, 1996) and multimodal metaphor (Forceville, 2007, 2008, 2009). In the present contribution we explore the use of verbo-pictorial metaphors in advertising through a corpus of French print ads. Starting from the claim that adverts serve a persuasive purpose, it will be argued that multimodal metaphor contributes to that purpose. The paper addresses three issues: a) how multimodal metaphors are manifested in the French advertisements; b) how image and text interact in a concrete type of multimodal metaphor in French print advertisements, namely verbo-pictorial metaphor; c) how verbo-pictorial metaphor performs a pragmatic function in advertising.
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Magria, Vera. "THE USING METAPHOR OF KATO SERAH TERIMO TEXT IN BUNGO CULTURE." TELL-US JOURNAL 3, no. 1 (2017): 55–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.22202/tus.2017.v3i1.2528.
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This research examines about the kinds of metaphors that found in the kato serah terimo text in Bungo tradition and the meaning of it. This research applied descriptive qualitative research in which the data are obtained from kato serah terimo text. It took from Bungo official office.The data are collected by observational method supported by note-taking and interviewing technique. After analyzing the data, it is found that there are 10 metaphors included into three from four kinds of metaphor based on Leech (`1981) theory. There are animistic, synaesthetic and concrete to abstract of metaphor. Animistic metaphor dominant exists in kato serah terimo.
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Sekret, Iryna. "Strategies of conveying metaphors in political discourse: analysis of the Turkish translations of George Orwell's “Animal Farm”." International journal of linguistics, literature and culture 6, no. 4 (2020): 103–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.21744/ijllc.v6n4.911.
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Translating metaphor and metaphoric expressions is one of the disputable problems in translation studies due to the conceptual discrepancies which exist between the source culture and the target readership, moreover, if the metaphor plays a crucial role in creating an appeal to the reader as in the political text. In this respect, it is under the discussion of how to deal with a metaphor when translating political discourse, and what are the dominating strategies and traditions of translating metaphoric units in Turkish translations. Caused by the theoretical and practical urgency of the problem, this paper is aimed to analyze strategies of conveying metaphors from English to Turkish based on the novel “Animal Farm” by George Orwell and its Turkish translations by Sedat Demir and Celal Üster. To achieve the aims of the research the efforts were undertaken to compare the original text with its two different translations. For the precise analysis, Old Major’s speech was thoroughly scrutinized on the point of the metaphoric expressions in the text and their correspondences in the Turkish translations.
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Gillan, Douglas J., Bruce S. Fogas, Suzanne Aberasturi, and Shannon Richards. "Cognitive Ability and Computing Experience Influence Interpretation of Computer Metaphors." Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting 39, no. 4 (1995): 243–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/154193129503900405.
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Metaphors play a central role in human-computer interaction. Research on general metaphor interpretation has shown that different types of people interpret metaphors differently. The present experiment examined the effects of cognitive ability and computer experience on the interpretation of computer-related metaphors. Subjects completed five cognitive tests, filled out a questionnaire concerning their experience with computers, and interpreted computer metaphor terms. Identification of a term as a metaphor was related to their frequency of computer use and nonverbal cognitive ability. Concreteness of metaphor interpretations decreased with increased knowledge of programming. Abstractness of interpretations increased with frequency of computer use. The discussion focuses on metaphors in the design of user interfaces for novices and experienced users.
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Walker, Iona Francesca. "Beyond the military metaphor." Medicine Anthropology Theory 7, no. 2 (2020): 261–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.17157/mat.7.2.806.
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Military metaphors shape the limits and possibilities for conceptualising and responding to complex challenges of contagion. Although they are effective at communicating risk and urgency and at mobilising resources, military metaphors collapse diverse interests and communities into ‘fronts’, obscure alternative responses, and promote human exceptionalism. In this article, I draw from criticisms of the use of military metaphor in scientific and policy descriptions of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) over the past sixty years on order to compare with and explore the use of military metaphors in descriptions of the COVID-19 pandemic. As AMR research has recognised the importance of symbiotic human–microbe relationships and new areas of interdisciplinary collaboration in recent years, a corresponding decline in the use of military metaphor in scientific discourse has begun to emerge. I ask how the legacy of the military metaphor in AMR research can offer lessons regarding or alternatives to the martial language currently saturating responses to the COVID-19 pandemic in the UK.
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Brozovic, Danilo, Annika Ravald, and Fredrik Nordin. "Making sense of service dynamics: the honeybee metaphor." Journal of Services Marketing 29, no. 6/7 (2015): 634–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jsm-01-2015-0046.
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Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to explore the honeybee colony metaphor as a tool to make sense of the dynamics of service systems surrounding a service relationship. Design/methodology/approach – Based on qualitative case research, this study develops and applies the metaphor of honeybee colonies as a tool to analytically and discursively draw parallels between different aspects of honeybees and service systems surrounding a service relationship, focusing on the dynamic nature of both. Findings – The honeybee colony metaphor can serve as an analytical tool, helping managers to make sense of the dynamics of service interactions and, as a discursive tool, giving sense to the strategic implications of service providers’ everyday activities. Research limitations/implications – Few metaphors, no matter how complex, can wholly capture reality. The honeybee colony metaphor describes the dynamics surrounding a service relationship at a comprehensive level. Further research can focus on the metaphor’s particular aspects (the changing role of honeybees in the system, for example) or distortions (e.g. parasitic relationships). Practical implications – The honeybee colony metaphor illustrates the strategic importance of part-time marketers; they “pollinate” and “fertilize” the customers and properly assessed information that they report represents a basis for strategic decisions. Originality/value – The introduction of the honeybee colony metaphor in this paper provides a new lens for capturing the dynamic aspects of service systems surrounding a service relationship and the strategic implications derived from adopting a systemic outlook on service.
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Omar, Kamal Hassan. "The Challenges the Translation of Metaphors Pose and the Ways in Which Translators Can Overcome Them." Academic Journal of Nawroz University 10, no. 3 (2021): 286–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.25007/ajnu.v10n3a960.
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 Abstract
 Metaphors and their impact within languages have been a topic of wide discussion between scholars. This research paper focuses on their translatability as well as the challenges that they pose to translators. Metaphors can become a problem during translation, since they are inherently tied to the culture of its source language, making them potentially meaningless in another. There are a number of different ways in which metaphors can be translated, such as;
 The literal translation of a metaphor, thus creating an identical metaphor, termed direct translation. Substitution, which is the translation of a metaphor into an altered metaphor by replacing the image present in the source language to that of a metaphor that has the same or a close sense in the target language, therefore taking into consideration the culture of the target language. Paraphrasing, which is the translation of the sense of the metaphor, or restating a metaphor during the process of translation.
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Peña Cervel, María Sandra. "The image-schematic basis of the EVENT STRUCTURE metaphor." Annual Review of Cognitive Linguistics 2 (December 31, 2004): 127–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/arcl.2.05pen.
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Within the framework of Cognitive Linguistics, the study of metaphor has received great attention mainly because of its conceptual character. This conception is at odds with traditional accounts, in which metaphor was merely a linguistic phenomenon endowed with a decorative function. One of the metaphors which has been the object of a greater amount of research is the EVENT STRUCTURE metaphor. It qualifies as a generic-level metaphor provided with a universal character. One of the main reasons for this is the image-schematic component which lies at the base of many of the expressions belonging to this metaphorical system. Image-schemas have long been postulated to emerge from everyday bodily experience (Johnson 1987; Lakoff 1987). It is thus argued that they are shared by people and cultures all over the world. As a consequence, any conceptual system based on them must be endowed with some universal character. We attempt to examine the image-schematic component which underlies the different specific metaphoric mappings which integrate the EVENT STRUCTURE metaphor both in the LOCATION and OBJECT branches.
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Nurman, Moh, and Lidia Dindiana. "METAPHORS ANALYSIS IN BRING ME THE HORIZON’S “AMO” ALBUM SELECTED SONG LYRICS." E-LINK JOURNAL 8, no. 1 (2021): 40. http://dx.doi.org/10.30736/ej.v8i1.424.
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The aims of this research is to know the types of metaphors found in Bring Me The Horizon’s “Amo” album selected song’s lyrics and what is the intended meaning of the song’s lyrics. There are two research questions. They are: 1) what types of metaphors are found in Bring Me the Horizon’s selected song lyrics? 2) What is the intended meaning of the song’s lyrics? The reason behind this research was conduct is to get more knowledge about figurative language especially metaphor and how it works in the literary world. This research uses descriptive qualitative method in analyzing the lyrics. The result of this research shows six types of metaphors by Newmark. Those are dead, cliché, stock, recent, original metaphor and simile. Two out of their three songs of Bring Me the Horizon, that is Medicine and In the Dark use dead metaphor and simile the most. It is then concluded that the intended meanings of their three songs is to tell other people who ever felt belittled, have social issues or being looked down to keep going and not affected by those hurtful words. In other words, Bring Me the Horizon uses the function of figurative language especially metaphor to express their message and applied them into their works. Keywords: Metaphor, meaning
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Onysko, Alexander. "Conceptual metaphor variation in meaning interpretation." Metaphor Variation in Englishes around the World 4, no. 1 (2017): 7–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/cogls.4.1.02ony.
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Abstract This paper contributes to research on metaphor variation in the context of world Englishes from a theoretical and an empirical point of view. Starting with a discussion of the dissonance between universality and cultural specificity in conceptual metaphor research, basic dimensions of variation are outlined that are relevant to conceptual metaphor theory (CMT). These dimensions inform a continuum of variation in CMT that ranges from basic conceptualizations (as primary metaphors) to the surface level of language use (as metaphorical expressions). The empirical part of the paper takes heed of this continuum of variation and outlines the methodological choices relevant to the description of conceptual metaphors in an associative task. The data are based on meaning interpretations given to novel English compounds by Māori and non-Māori speakers of New Zealand English. The results of the task highlight that Māori-English bilinguals apply a greater range of different conceptual metaphors compared to non-Māori bilingual and monolingual speakers of English. These results are discussed in terms of their implications for further research on metaphor variation in Aotearoa New Zealand and world Englishes.
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Parshak, Kateryna, and Yaroslava Kalynovska. "SEMANTIC-FUNCTIONAL CHARACTERISTICS OF CONCEPTUAL METAPHOR IN THE LANGUAGE OF WORKS OF POSTMODERNISTS POETS." Bulletin of Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv. Literary Studies. Linguistics. Folklore Studies, no. 29 (2021): 24–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.17721/1728-2659.2021.29.6.
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The article is devoted to the study of the peculiarities of the functioning and creation of metaphors in the poetry of Oksana Zabuzhko, Yuri Izdrik and Serhiy Zhadan. The main contradiction in the understanding of metaphor lies in the ambiguous essence of this phenomenon: on the one and, metaphor is a means of speech, a linguistic unit, and on the other – it belongs to the figurative figures of language. A number of linguistic works in both Ukrainian and foreign linguistics are devoted to the study of metaphors. In particular, the language metaphor became the subject of scientific interest of N. Harutyunova; metaphor, its nature and role in language, and speech were studied by A. Gavrilyuk, the means of expression of metaphor became the main topic of research G. Sklyarevskaya and others. One of the important problems of linguistic stylistics is the study of the linguistic personality of writers, whose works are one of the stylistic sources of development of Ukrainian poetic language, so the importance of metaphor in poetic texts remains a relevant object of modern linguistic studies. The purpose of the article is to determine the features of semantics and the functioning of conceptual-semantic and structural-grammatical types of metaphors in the collections "Second Attempt" by Oksana Zabuzhko, "Quote Book" by Serhiy Zhadan and "Lazy and Gentle" by Yuri Izdryk. In accordance with the purpose, the following research methods were used: descriptive, using the methods of comparison and observation, as well as external and internal interpretation of linguistic material to determine the associations underlying metaphorical transference, contextual, conceptual and semasiological to analyze metaphor in the context of a poetry of postmodern writers. The article also clarifies the concept of metaphor and establishes its feature as a semantic linguistic unit. The focus is on the classification of metaphors used in the works of postmodern poets. The stylistic role and functions of language metaphors in poetic texts are investigated. This article can be used for further research in the field of conceptual metaphors in novel or poems.
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Xia, Mengzhu. "Analysis of Metaphor Translation from the Perspective of Relevance Theory—A Case Study of the Translation of Metaphor in Fortress Besieged." Journal of Language Teaching and Research 12, no. 1 (2021): 194. http://dx.doi.org/10.17507/jltr.1201.21.
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Fortress Besieged is a unique satirical novel in the history of Chinese contemporary literature. It is deeply loved by readers at home and abroad for its humorous and refined language. There are abundant Chinese metaphors in the novel, so it is of certain significance to explore the translation of metaphors for the cultural exchanges between China and the West. Taking the English translation of Fortress Besieged as the research subject, this paper explores how to translate metaphor in novel from the perspective of relevance theory. It is found that the translator adopts the following methods in dealing with metaphor translation: retaining the original metaphor image, transforming the original metaphor image, retaining the original metaphor image and annotating it, explaining or omitting the original metaphor image.
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Adam, Muhammad. "Improving Students’ Metaphor Interpretation: A Conceptual Metaphor Approach to Interpret Metaphors in the Song Titanium (2011)." Ethical Lingua: Journal of Language Teaching and Literature 4, no. 1 (2017): 30–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.30605/ethicallingua.v4i1.343.
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This research is conducted to measure how participants’ understanding to a source domain of metaphor will help them to better interpret metaphor in “Titanium” song by using the Conceptual Metaphor Theory (CMT). The CMT approach is introduced by explicitly explain the characteristic of source domain of metaphor to participants. The participants of this research are 10 students of semester V of Faculty of Letters – University of Balikpapan, all native Indonesian speakers. This research is qualitative research, and uses the participants’ written answer as data source. Based on the data analysis, it is concluded that by understanding the source domain of metaphor, participants have a better and improved understanding in interpreting metaphor. In other words, the participants’ comprehension to the intended message of metaphor is improved.
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Cristofoli, Mirella, Gunhild Dyrberg, and Lilian Stage. "Metaphor, Meaning and Translation." HERMES - Journal of Language and Communication in Business 11, no. 20 (2017): 165. http://dx.doi.org/10.7146/hjlcb.v11i20.25454.
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Over the last decades, metaphor has been subject to intensive research within philoso-phy, psychology, psychiatry, pedagogics, etc., whereas there has been less focus on the study of metaphor as a linguistic utterance. But to a translator metaphor is a very intriguing practical linguistic problem. How do we translate for instance the Danish metaphor blæksprutte? In this article, we will discuss to what extent ordinary dictionaries may be of use (can you look up the metaphor blæksprutte?) and will describe the data-base of metaphors that we are establishing with examples from economic and political texts in Danish, French and Italian. The database is organized as a thesaurus where metaphorical utterances are categorized under Meaning and Source domain and where translators may find inspiration when having to render metaphors in the three lan-guages.
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Cortazzi, Martin, and Lixian Jin. "Metaphorical Conceptualizations of Language: Networks of Meanings and Meta-functions." International Journal of Education and Literacy Studies 9, no. 1 (2021): 2. http://dx.doi.org/10.7575/aiac.ijels.v.9n.1p.2.
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This paper employs the innovative method of Elicited Metaphor Analysis to present original research in Malaysia into students’ metaphors for ‘language’. We summarize reasons why language and first/ second language learning are centrally important in education, and show patterned features of language metaphors in proverbs and in teacher talk about literacy. These may be one strand of student socialization into language-literacy conceptions. We then report our study of 408 university students in Malaysia who gave 977 metaphors for ‘language’. Using a socio-cultural extension of conceptual metaphor theory from cognitive linguistics, we analyse these data into thematic clusters and metaphor networks of meanings. In student voices, this presents a surprisingly rich picture of language and shows evidence of linguistic meta-functions: student metaphors for language can be seen not only cognitively with affective and socio-cultural meta-functions, but also with moral-spiritual and aesthetic functions. These meta-functions accord with some educational theories. To show wider insider metaphor perspectives we cite our research with ‘teacher’ and ‘learning’ metaphors in Malaysia, and ‘language’ findings from China, Iran, Lebanon and the UK. The metaphor meanings and meta-functions broaden our conception of language as a medium of learning with strong implications for the teaching of languages and literacy.
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VEISI HASAR, Rahman, and Ehsan PANAHBAR. "Metaphor in Translation: Cognitive Perspectives on Omar Khayyam’s Poetry as Rendered into English and Kurdish." Acta Linguistica Asiatica 7, no. 2 (2017): 19–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.4312/ala.7.2.19-36.
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As cognitive linguistics puts it, metaphor as a cognitive phenomenon can not be relegated to linguistic expression. Therefore, in order to analyze metaphor in translation, cognitive translation hypothesis investigates its translatability and metaphorical equivalence at the conceptual level. However, in such case, the conceptual metaphor is dealt with without considering its significant relationship to the cultural models. Based on Cienki’s theory (1999) postulating that the relation of the conceptual metaphor to the cultural model is similar to that of a profile to a base, and that the possibility of the interpretation and production of the conceptual metaphor depends on the cultural model, the present research reinvestigates the cognitive translation hypothesis from this perspective. The research findings reveal that translators have mostly been successful in translating metaphors dependent on shared cultural models, however, have failed to recreate metaphors dependent on non-shared cultural models. Accordingly, same mapping condition and different mapping condition are strongly dependent on the relationship between metaphors and cultural models. Thus SMC and DMC should be redefined in relation to cultural model.