Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Réseau documentaire'
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Bannour, Ines. "Recherche d’information s´emantique : Graphe sémantico-documentaire et propagation d’activation." Thesis, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017USPCD024/document.
Full textSemantic information retrieval (SIR) aims to propose models that allow us to rely, beyond statistical calculations, on the meaning and semantics of the words of the vocabulary, in order to better represent relevant documents with respect to user’s needs, and better retrieve them.The aim is therefore to overcome the classical purely statistical (« bag of wordsé») approaches, based on strings’ matching and the analysis of the frequencies of the words and their distributions in the text.To do this, existing SIR approaches, through the exploitation of external semantic resources (thesauri, ontologies, etc.), proceed by injecting knowledge into the classical IR models (such as the vector space model) in order to disambiguate the vocabulary or to enrich the representation of documents and queries.These are usually adaptations of the classical IR models. We go so to a « bag of concepts » approach which allows us to take account of synonymy. The semantic resources thus exploited are « flattened », the calculations are generally confined to calculations of semantic similarities.In order to better exploit the semantics in RI, we propose a new model, which allows to unify in a coherent and homogeneous way the numerical (distributional) and symbolic (semantic) information without sacrificing the power of the analyzes of the one for the other. The semantic-documentary network thus modeled is translated into a weighted graph. The matching mechanism is provided by a Spreading activation mechanism in the graph. This new model allows to respond to queries expressed in the form of key words, concepts or even examples of documents. The propagation algorithm has the merit of preserving the well-tested characteristics of classical information retrieval models while allowing a better consideration of semantic models and their richness.Depending on whether semantics is introduced in the graph or not, this model makes it possible to reproduce a classical IR or provides, in addition, some semantic functionalities. The co-occurrence in the graph then makes it possible to reveal an implicit semantics which improves the precision by solving some semantic ambiguities. The explicit exploitation of the concepts as well as the links of the graph allow the resolution of the problems of synonymy, term mismatch, semantic coverage, etc. These semantic features, as well as the scaling up of the model presented, are validated experimentally on a corpus in the medical field
Rouissi, Jalel. "L'évaluation des effets de réseau en bibliothèques : pour une meilleure prise en compte des coûts et avantages qualitatifs de la coopération." Lyon 2, 2001. http://theses.univ-lyon2.fr/documents/lyon2/2001/rouissi_j.
Full textEnguehard, Chantal. "Acquisition naturelle automatique d'un réseau sémantique." Compiègne, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992COMPD527.
Full textMimouni, Nada. "Interrogation d'un réseau sémantique de documents : l'intertextualité dans l'accès à l'information juridique." Thesis, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015USPCD084/document.
Full textA collection of documents is generally represented as a set of documents but this simple representation does not take into account cross references between documents, which often defines their context of interpretation. This standard document model is less adapted for specific professional uses in specialized domains in which documents are related by many various references and the access tools need to consider this complexity. We propose two models based onformal and relational concept analysis and on semantic web techniques. Applied on documentary objects, these two models represent and query in a unified way documents content descriptors and documents relations
Gueret, Christophe. "Navigateurs internet intelligents : algorithmes de fourmis artificielles pour la diffusion d'informations dans un réseau P2P." Tours, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006TOUR4020.
Full textIn this thesis, we propose the architecture PIAF (Personnal Intelligent Framework Agent) whose objective is to provide users with an environment of nonintrusive, autonomous and general-purpose exchange of information. The problems of diffusion of information between users and optimization of the network's topology are approached with an algorithm using artificial ants. The use of artificial pheromones deposited on connections between peers at the time of the transfers authorizes the constitution of a global memory of the exchanges and the detection of centers of shared centers of interests. Comparatively with the existing solutions, the advantage of our algorithm is to free the user from the definition of profiles. This last needs neither to subscribe with diffusion channel nor to define its centers of interests to be able to exchange information
Bascans, Jérémy. "Modèles de mémoires d'entreprise avec intégration automatique d'informations." Thesis, Toulouse 3, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017TOU30144.
Full textToday, companies manipulate large volumes of information that are constantly increasing, always more complex and heterogeneous, in their content and their structures. This information, necessary for these enterprises' operation, represents a knowledge capital often not exploited. As a result, special attention is given to Organizational Memory (OM) systems. The purpose of these memories is to capitalize the information produced and exchanged by the internal and external actors (Information System (IS), employees, customers, suppliers, etc.) of the company with the aim of representing and sharing them while helping collaborative decision-making. Thereby organized, shared and reused information becomes organizational knowledge. The implementation of this memory requires a strong involvement of all stakeholders by directly impacting their tasks and requiring changes to their IS. In this context, this thesis objective is to enable the automatic capitalization of information by automatically organizing, representing and contextualizing the information so that they can be shared and exploited while minimizing the stakeholders' effort. In addition to involving stakeholders, current research is often limited to solutions specific to the companies and memories types. To help overcome these limitations, we propose an " Adaptive Organizational Memory with Automatic Integration of Information process ", based on an extended heterogeneous network. A first level of this approach proposes a meta-model of OM correlated to a process of automatic integration of information independent of the company type, the job and its stakeholders. In order to help any type of company to build its OM from the meta-model, we propose, at a second level, a generic and extensible model linked to an algorithm of automatic integration of the information, named OMAII for Organizational Memory with Automatic Integration of Information process. This OMAII model has been implemented and validated in its ability to automatically integrate new information in a relevant way. Because Wikipedia is an important vector of knowledge based on the collaborative creation based on very strong values of sharing, we chose to evaluate the capacity of our prototype to organize the information in the same way. The evaluation concerns the automatic information matching process of which the purpose is to intelligibly associate the information with each other in the memory in a non-deterministic general framework. To do this, we first evaluated and compared our approach by linking documents to interest subjects in a similar way to Wikipedia to compare similarities and dissimilarities between them. In a second step, we conducted a detailed study of the dissimilarities through a human evaluation of the information organization within our OM and its automatic integration
Dahmane, Madjid. "Contribution à l'étude des systèmes d'information scientifique et technique : Approche théorique et étude de cas de l'Algérie." Phd thesis, Université Michel de Montaigne - Bordeaux III, 1990. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00597405.
Full textGardiès, Cécile. "De la mouvance identitaire à l'ancrage scientifique des professionnels de l'information-documentation dans l'Enseignement Agricole." Phd thesis, Université Toulouse le Mirail - Toulouse II, 2006. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00349759.
Full textCes interrogations montrent la nécessité de repenser les liens entre les pratiques et leurs référents théoriques comme susceptibles de constituer un socle scientifique et professionnel commun et un cadre d'analyse constructif. Ainsi les Sciences de l'Information et de la Communication peuvent éclairer les problèmes soulevés au travers de la définition d'un réseau de concepts propres à l'information-documentation et d'une réflexion épistémologique. Cette centration sur les SIC n'exclut pas des apports complémentaires comme ceux de la sociologie du travail ou des Sciences de l'Education sur les questions de professionnalisation, de formation et d'enseignement. L'hypothèse d'une interaction productive entre recherche scientifique et évolution des pratiques professionnelles permet de repenser la place des savoirs et d'envisager une meilleure appréhension et compréhension des phénomènes informationnels en jeu dans l'enseignement secondaire en France.
Parmentier, François. "Spécification d'une architecture émergente fondée sur le raisonnement par analogie : application aux références bibliographiques." Phd thesis, Université Henri Poincaré - Nancy I, 1998. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00003024.
Full textcréativité il adapte son comportement en fonction de la solution courante. Nous l'avons appliqué à la reconnaissance automatique de la structure logique (des champs) de références bibliographiques dans les articles scientifiques (en format uniquement physique, c'est-à-dire en PostScript). Le modèle, appelé Réseau de Concepts, s'apparentant à la fois aux réseaux sémantiques et aux réseaux de neurones, est construit automatiquement à partir d'une base de références BIBTeX. Le système utilise les co-occurrences entre les termes des références pour rapprocher dans le modèle ceux qui sont conceptuellement voisins. Le principe de l'analogie est utilisé sur les références de la base : quand le système rencontre une référence inconnue, il fait l'analogie avec la partie physique de la base et essaye de proposer une solution correspondante. Les résultats obtenus, bien que modérés (65,5% de reconnaissance), laissent augurer des résultats encore meilleurs, après optimisation du système.
Blocquaux, Stéphane Yves. "Les réseaux documentaires éducatifs : de la médiatisation à l'industrialisation." Paris 13, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004PA131026.
Full textFrench schools use for the most part the documents and services of the Regional Centre for Educational Documents in the region of Charentes-Poitou. By analysing the discourse of those who advocate this method and the institutional strategies at play in their experiment, our study examines the consequences and the process of dissemination of what has become a recognised national point of reference in the field of education. Our hypothesis is that the real change brought about by this tool consists in the process of industrialisation of documentation, that is to say its management by a centralised system, which results in the normalisation of the different parts of a system that ensures the reproduction and general dissemination of its documentary products. It would appear that this process of industrialisation is part of an overall movement bringing about the structuring of fields of knowledge, under the pressure of territorial and societal considerations which do not always converge
Amghar, Youssef. "Base d'objets documentaires." Lyon, INSA, 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989ISAL0070.
Full textSellami, Maher. "Smard : un système multibase d'aide à la recherche documentaire." Montpellier 2, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988MON20151.
Full textBrini, Asma Hedia. "Un modèle de recherche d'information basé sur les réseaux possibilistes." Toulouse 3, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005TOU30224.
Full textWe propose an approach to Information Retrieval (IR) where relevance is flexible. The model is based on possibilistic networks where documents, index terms and query are binary variables and arcs are quantified in the theory of possibility framework. This model should provide proposition like : (i) it is plausible to a certain degree that the document is relevant ; (ii) it is necessary that the document is relevant given the query. The first kind of answer is meant to eliminate irrelevant documents (weak plausibility). The second answer focuses attention on what looks very relevant. Besides, we proposed three new discriminant factors that penalise documents not containing query important terms. These factors can be adaptable to any existing models. The results obtained show the effectiveness of our approach
Deparis, Etienne. "Création de nouvelles connaissances décisionnelles pour une organisation via ses ressources sociales et documentaires." Phd thesis, Université de Technologie de Compiègne, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-01016788.
Full textLe, Lan Gaël. "Analyse en locuteurs de collections de documents multimédia." Thesis, Le Mans, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017LEMA1020/document.
Full textThe task of speaker diarization and linking aims at answering the question "who speaks and when?" in a collection of multimedia recordings. It is an essential step to index audiovisual contents. The task of speaker diarization and linking firstly consists in segmenting each recording in terms of speakers, before linking them across the collection. Aim is, to identify each speaker with a unique anonymous label, even for speakers appearing in multiple recordings, without any knowledge of their identity or number. The challenge of the cross-recording linking is the modeling of the within-speaker/across-recording variability: depending on the recording, a same speaker can appear in multiple acoustic conditions (in a studio, in the street...). The thesis proposes two methods to overcome this issue. Firstly, a novel neural variability compensation method is proposed, using the triplet-loss paradigm for training. Secondly, an iterative unsupervised domain adaptation process is presented, in which the system exploits the information (even inaccurate) about the data it processes, to enhance its performances on the target acoustic domain. Moreover, novel ways of analyzing the results in terms of speaker are explored, to understand the actual performance of a diarization and linking system, beyond the well-known Diarization Error Rate (DER). Systems and methods are evaluated on two TV shows of about 40 episodes, using either a global, or longitudinal linking architecture, and state of the art speaker modeling (i-vector)
Reichling, Conny. "Le Dr. Ernest Schneider et les gravures sur Grès de Luxembourg: étude du fonds documentaire inédit." Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/209398.
Full text1954) constituent la base du présent travail. Ce fonds a été abordé par les sciences historiques
et sociales dans la première et par la discipline de l'archéologie rupestre dans
la seconde partie. Ces archives sont uniques au Grand-Duché dans le sens qu'il s'agit du
seul fonds archéologique contenant des documents épistolaires et iconographiques au lieu
d'artéfacts provenant de prospections. Dans un premier temps, le fonds épistolaires a été
abordé par une analyse de réseaux. Cette approche a permis de déterminer qu'il s'agit
d'un registre de contacts constitué par Schneider plutôt que d'un réseau au sens propre.
Schneider ne montre en effet aucune volonté à soigner ses contacts établis. Les réseaux de
ses alteri forment finalement la source d'informations la plus importante de Schneider :
ses contacts entament des recherches par eux-mêmes et dans leurs cercles de connaissances
afin de trouver des réponses aux requêtes du dentiste.
La seconde partie est consacré au travail archéologique effectué par Schneider de 1927
à 1954. Plus précisément les résultats publiés par Schneider en 1939 dans la monographie
Material zu einer archäologischen Felskunde des Luxemburger Landes sont revus et mis
à jour. Dans cette partie, le contenu des archives épistolaires est utilisé afin de suivre le
raisonnement scientifique de Schneider et afin de déterminer quelles hypothèses de quels
contacts sont intégrées par Schneider dans la monographie. L'influence des correspondants,
surtout des préhistoriens, est clairement déterminée dans cette partie, car Schneider attribue
la totalité des gravures aux temps pré- et protohistoriques. Lui-même qualifie son
travail de synthèse de la Pré- et Protohistoire du Grand-Duché de Luxembourg. Cette
hypothèse de datation est réfutée dans le présent travail. En effet, tenant compte du support
et de la nature des tracés gravés, les gravures figuratives ne datent pas d'au-delà de
l'époque médiévale tardive. La majorité des gravures ont très probablement été réalisées
entre le 19e et le 21e siècle, surtout lors des deux guerres mondiales lorsque les soldats
ennemis et alliés étaient stationnés dans les contrées de la région du Grès de Luxembourg.
Doctorat en Histoire, art et archéologie
info:eu-repo/semantics/nonPublished
Boukala, Mouloud. "D’une anthropologie partagée à une anthropologie partageable : documentaires halieutiques et pêche artisanale au lac Atitlán (Guatemala)." Thesis, Lyon 2, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009LYO20082.
Full textSummary: the present study is concerned, in an anthropological perspective, with connecting actors and researchers to the halieutic management of a resource of which the economic and social visibility is rapidly growing.The observation and the analysis of the small-scale fishing such as it is practised by the Indians Tzutuj' iil on the lake Atitlán (Guatemala) constitutes a key activity in which the crossed configuration of the subjectivity and the collective appears, a privileged environment where relations nets are woven between the fishermen, between the fishermen and the lake, between the fishermen and the researcher.To appreciate what is taking place collectively; links were set up between cinematographic and anthropological fields. This research leads jointly a sensitive approach - the cinema - and a social and cultural approach to report links stamped with contingency and not unequivocal between the collective representations and the practices. Contrary to a shared anthropology where the name of a director predominates, this work creates a shareable anthropology within which the plural, this grammatical mode of the relativity, turns out to be convenient for a science of the diversity. So, from a halieutic stage where traditional movements are unfold, this study favours, thanks to new technologies, the social connections under an interactive angle. It is part of the structure of a participative research and promotes “an ethnography in network” where meshing are representative of the way the actors are connected with one another in a horizontal way
Mothe, Josiane. "Modèle connexionniste pour la recherche d'informations. Expansion dirigée de requêtes et apprentissage." Toulouse 3, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994TOU30080.
Full textBenkoussas, Chahinez. "Approches non supervisées pour la recommandation de lectures et la mise en relation automatique de contenus au sein d'une bibliothèque numérique." Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016AIXM4379/document.
Full textThis thesis deals with the field of information retrieval and the recommendation of reading. It has for objects:— The creation of new approach of document retrieval and recommendation using techniques of combination of results, aggregation of social data and reformulation of queries;— The creation of an approach of recommendation using methods of information retrieval and graph theories.Two collections of documents were used. First one is a collection which is provided by CLEF (Social Book Search - SBS) and the second from the platforms of electronic sources in Humanities and Social Sciences OpenEdition.org (Revues.org). The modelling of the documents of every collection is based on two types of relations:— For the first collection (SBS), documents are connected with similarity calculated by Amazon which is based on several factors (purchases of the users, the comments, the votes, products bought together, etc.);— For the second collection (OpenEdition), documents are connected with relations of citations, extracted from bibliographical references.We show that the proposed approaches bring in most of the cases gain in the performances of research and recommendation. The manuscript is structured in two parts. The first part "state of the art" includes a general introduction, a state of the art of informationretrieval and recommender systems. The second part "contributions" includes a chapter on the detection of reviews of books in Revues.org; a chapter on the methods of IR used on complex queries written in natural language and last chapter which handles the proposed approach of recommendation which is based on graph
Meziane, Souad. "Analyse et conversion de documents : du pixel au langage HTML." Lyon, INSA, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998ISAL0128.
Full textThis work is part of the thematic "Document Analysis" in the Laboratory Reconnaissance de Forme et Vision(RFV). To achieve an analysis system ables to, interpret documents and to restore its structure, the Methodologies we have chosen lean on several approaches and particularly on the syntactic and structural approach of the Pattern Recognition. The aim in this work is to convert some paper documents into HTML documents because these documents are more used on the Internet. The application domain of such systems could be general; however, we concentrate us on a particular type of documents with a rich typography: the summaries. In this context, we have realized a system that exploits on one hand the information about content of the document such as its physical and logical structures, and on the other hand on two level grammars. It is composed with two grammars: a meta-grammar and a hyper-grammar. In our system, the role of the meta-grammar is to describe the physical and logical structures of the document. The hyper-grammar is constituted with a set of calculus rules and describes the treatments to do in order to convert the document in HTML. The summary analysis is done in two steps: analysis and identification of the document, and then translation into HTML. During of the first step, the system constructs a learning base by using the grammatical inference. This base contains several patterns of synopses to identify. An unknown document, submitted to the system is identified by matching with the patterns of the base by using all the attributes obtained in the analysis step. The layout of HTML document construction is based on the grammatical analysis of the hyper-grammar. The last is obtained by translation of the logical labels and some typographic parameters into HTML commands. The result of the grammatical analysis of the hyper-grammar produces the structured HTML document corresponding to the studied document. This last will be visualized by software of navigation
Akindele, Oluwatoyin Tunde. "Vers un système de construction automatique de modèles génériques de structures de documents." Nancy 1, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995NAN10002.
Full textErtzscheid, Olivier. "Les enjeux cognitifs et stylistiques de l'organisation hypertextuelle : le Lieu, Le Lien, Le Livre." Phd thesis, Université Toulouse le Mirail - Toulouse II, 2002. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00006260.
Full textDans notre premier chapitre, nous faisons d'abord un point sur les effets déjà mesurables de l'organisation hypertextuelle dans le rapport à l'écrit pour isoler les transformations cognitives occasionnées par ce nouveau support, pour isoler également la nouvelle organisation des structures traditionnelles de l'énonciation dans le processus de communication (rapports auteur-lecteur, agencements collectifs d'énonciation). Nous concluons par une typologie des nouveaux genres hypertextuels (liés notamment à l'utilisation de générateurs) et sur le statut littéraire de ces productions.
Notre second chapitre aborde les aspects plus « théoriques » de l'organisation hypertextuelle au travers de l'étude systématique de ses procédés de liaison. Après un état de l'art de la question, nous définissons une typologie englobante des liens hypertextuels prenant en compte leurs aspects informatiques, les structures rhétoriques et formelles qui les sous-tendent et les différents types de rapport entre ces « entités-liens » autorisant à qualifier différentes organisations hypertextuelles. Sur tous ces points, les propositions formulées dans ce travail devront permettre d'améliorer les pratiques de navigation et de réduire certains effets liés (surcharge cognitive, désorientation).
Notre troisième chapitre montre que ce que ces liens révèlent du fonctionnement de la pensée humaine (mode essentiellement associatif) est en train de changer la manière dont les systèmes et les organisations sociales se constituent et se développent, en mettant en place, de manière effective, des artefacts et de processus habituellement implicites et dont l'enjeu sera, pour le chercheur, d'accompagner le passage à l'explicite. Ce dernier chapitre s'appuie sur le dispositif expérimental FoRSIC et l'utilisation qu'il fait de différents types ontologiques, ce dernier étant caractéristique des ces nouveaux rapports au savoir que notre travail essaie de qualifier plus que de quantifier.
Gong, Yihong. "Reconnaissance des structures de documents." Compiègne, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994COMPD681.
Full textPlutniak, Sébastien. "L’opération archéologique. Sociologie historique d’une discipline aux prises avec l’automatique et les mathématiques. France, Espagne, Italie, 2e moitié du XXe siècle." Thesis, Paris, EHESS, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017EHES0045.
Full textDuring the second half of the 20th century, attempts were made to operationally redefine various social activities, including those related to science, the military, administration and industry. These attempts were aided by scientific and technical innovations developed in the Second World War, and subsequently by the increase in use of automation in various domains. This Ph.D. thesis addresses these attempts from a sociohistorical perspective, focusing on the specific case of archaeology. During this period, the domain of archaeology underwent a process of disciplinarisation and professionalisation. The same occurred in applied mathematics and then computer science: this thesis focuses on the relationships between these three domains. In France, during the 1950's and 1960's, there were significant methodological and conceptual innovations. Their subsequent scientific recognition, was, however, relatively minor. In archaeology, innovations related to applied mathematics and automatics did not lead to the emergence of an archaeological speciality based on computation. This situation was in striking contrast to what happened in other scientific domains and in archaeology in other countries, where new theoretical and methodological Anglophone definitions in ‘New Archaeology’ were spreading worldwide.This thesis explores three collective attempts to redefine the conceptual and methodological basis of archaeology, led by Georges Laplace, Jean-Claude Gardin and Jean Lesage, across France, Spain and Italy. These cases are completed by other people who had significant careers in both engineering and archaeology. In general, this thesis studies a scientific activity by investigating the cognitive and social aspects of peoples’ methodological contributions. Three models of the relationships between experts in a scientific domain and experts in an applied science (here mathematics and computing) are empirically identified and described. The effects of introducing mathematical and automation procedures on the division of labour and the distribution of recognition are analysed. The success or failure of the methodological propositions are discussed with reference to several factors and models of scientific innovation. This thesis generates new information on the development of rescue and preventive archaeology and on the use of digital technologies in human sciences.The analysis draws on 82 interviews, 23 archives and several bibliometric datasets (extracted from pre-existing databases or constructed for the purpose of this research). Mirroring the archaeological propositions under study, this research also intends to illustrate the possible use of computing and formalised procedures in social sciences. The documentation and demonstrative principles underlying this work, implemented by using Wiki, the methods of literate programming and reproducible research, are themselves analysed
Sayadi, Karim. "Classification du texte numérique et numérisé. Approche fondée sur les algorithmes d'apprentissage automatique." Thesis, Paris 6, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017PA066079/document.
Full textDifferent disciplines in the humanities, such as philology or palaeography, face complex and time-consuming tasks whenever it comes to examining the data sources. The introduction of computational approaches in humanities makes it possible to address issues such as semantic analysis and systematic archiving. The conceptual models developed are based on algorithms that are later hard coded in order to automate these tedious tasks. In the first part of the thesis we propose a novel method to build a semantic space based on topics modeling. In the second part and in order to classify historical documents according to their script. We propose a novel representation learning method based on stacking convolutional auto-encoder. The goal is to automatically learn plot representations of the script or the written language
Lamirel, Jean-Charles. "Vers une approche systémique et multivues pour l'analyse de données et la recherche d'information : un nouveau paradigme." Habilitation à diriger des recherches, Université Nancy II, 2010. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00552247.
Full textTremblay, Émilie. "Représentations des religions traditionnelles africaines : analyse comparative de réseaux régionaux et disciplinaires africains et occidentaux." Thèse, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/1866/4467.
Full textThis thesis provides a critical analysis of several different representations of African Traditional Religions (ATR) as found within a number of regional and disciplinary networks in Western and African countries. First, numerous means of representation (geographical maps and graphics) from different western scientific media were used to examine different ways in which ATR are represented. This analysis reveals that the categorization systems employed in these media to represent ATR do not reflect the variety, vitality, complexity and significance of ATR; and, on a more general level, reveals a lack of equity in the representations of different world religions. A conceptual analysis puts into question a number of categories (e.g. “ethnic religion”) used to define ATR as well as the notion of world religion. Second, the research strategies that were used to identify African research networks are presented. Several different Western tools and documentary resources (Database, encyclopedic articles, etc) were evaluated on their usage and citations of African research on ATR. This analysis, which was drawn from a qualitative discourse analysis approach, highlights the limited importance that is given to African researchers. In contrast, our evaluation of RTA-related education and research in Nigerian universities reveals an enormous amount of RTA-related research as well as a diversity of communication channels. On a more general level, this thesis demonstrates the extent to which knowledge is localized and linked to the cultural, disciplinary, and ideological presuppositions of researchers, and, from the analysis of African documents, opens to the larger question of the difficulty to represent the unity and specificities of ATR.