Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Réseaux à pointage'
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Parvery, Hervé. "Contribution à l'étude d'antennes réseaux large bande à pointage pilote par commande optique." Limoges, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002LIMO0031.
Full textThis thesis concerns the study, the realisation and characterisation of an antenna array fed and steered by an optical command. The array is fed by "true time delays". Three systems are proposed. The first one works at 960 MHz and allows to validate the control of the array pointing direction by tuning the optical wavelength that carries the microwave signal. The second antenna presents a wide bandwidth around 2 GHz (25%) and demonstrates that the pointing direction of the array remains invariant with the emitted frequency. The last studied corresponds to the conception and to the realisation of a prototype working in the millimetre-wave domain. It is based on the previous system used at low frequency, to create the delays, which is associated to microwave mixing to produced out of phase millimetre-waves. The interest of this system is to obtain a wide bandwidth control of the pointing direction and to simplify the feed circuit of the radiating elements
Lesur, Benoît. "Validations de modèles numériques de grands réseaux pour l'optimisation d'antennes à pointage électronique en bande Ka." Thesis, Limoges, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017LIMO0111/document.
Full textThe rapid expansion of satellite communications and information and communications technology led to an increasing demand from end-users. Hence, services offering In-Flight Connectivity for airlines passengers are emerging. This work is focused on the implementation of accurate numerical models of large antenna arrays meant for this scope. After having put things into context and recalled issues linked to antenna arrays, numerical and experimental test vehicles are made, allowing to validate the modelling methodologies. Finally, the modelling of a large, dual circular polarization and wide-angle scanning radiating panel is addressed. This study then allows to estimate the performance of the panel function of steering requirements and possible dispersions from the active channels
Zhang, Haiyang. "Conception et réalisation d'un réseau d'antennes à pointage électronique pour les communications par satellite." Nantes, 2014. https://archive.bu.univ-nantes.fr/pollux/show/show?id=79678c41-e761-4159-bc7e-d56907647059.
Full textNowadays, receiving signals from geostationary satellites is performed using parabolic antennas composed of a metal reflector and a LNB (Low Noise Block) placed at the focus of the parabola. This antenna is widely used because of its performance and cost. However, this kind of antenna suffers from inherent shortcomings (3D antenna, fixed beam). To find an alternative to the existing, design of a planar, broadband (20% BP), dual-polarization, high gain (29dBi), electronically steerable and low cost antenna is proposed for the reception of TV signals from satellite (DBS system). To meet the criteria of compactness and low cost, microstrip technology is chosen. Two topologies of unitary antenna have been studied, optimized and arrayed to meet the requirements of this project: one coplanar fed monopole antenna and one cross-type multiresonator antenna. This work has led to numbers of original results. The development of a simple method shows that it is possible to stabilize the radiation pattern in the upper half space over a wide bandwidth and to decrease the rear radiation part. Another contribution of this work lies in the principle of sharing resonators when arraying cross shaped antenna. This technique not only reduces the inter-element distance (grating lobes appearance), but also, for a given phase gradient, achieves a greater beam steering. This proves the feasibility of such an antenna to be a credible solution
Besançon, Richard. "Contribution à l'étude de réseaux d'antennes imprimées à pointage électronique. Conception et réalisation de maquettes en bande C et Ka." Limoges, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997LIMO0017.
Full textBensmail, Boughediri Soraya. "Modélisation neuromimétique du contrôle sensori-moteur des mouvements du membre supérieur : cas du pointage et de la saisie." Versailles-St Quentin en Yvelines, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005VERS0032.
Full textThe advanced ones in motor control research attract the scientists of disciplines other than the neurophysiology. Thus, the robotics researchers also adhere to these programs. Their aim is to elaborate new neuromimetic command rules inspired from the SNC executiong motor action. A model of sensorimotor control is developed for visuo-guided movements learning. This model is developed based on several prerequisites about "computational" principles of brain structures : the columnar organization of the cerebral cortex and the Marr-Albus-Ito theory of cerebellar learning. The adaptive rules incorporeted in the model simulate the synaptic plasticities localised in various sites of the CNS : cerebral cortex and cerebellum. This connexionist approach is applied to simulate learning of the "arm" visuo-guided movements and the "thumb-index" pinch. The neural network model consists of two hierarchical levels : the high level which generates motor orders to muscles activation and the spinal level producing musculo-skeletal structure displacements. Thus, muscular forces are generated according to the Equilibrium-Point-Hypothesis. The simulation of the non linear formalism shows that adaptive processes taking place in different sites of the total neural network model cooperate without interferer. For the movement of "thumb-index" grip , we propose that the neural network model is deployed by considering two fingers structure. So the cortical level is presented by two pathways controlling two working points and only one cerebellar network may be able to coordinate the global pinch movement
Fadlallah, Najib. "Contribution à l'optimisation de la synthèse du lobe de rayonnement pour une antenne intelligente : Application à la conception de réseaux à déphasage." Limoges, 2005. http://aurore.unilim.fr/theses/nxfile/default/2b3c153f-58e2-4152-a5cd-53cf1fc0ae35/blobholder:0/2005LIMO0008.pdf.
Full text. This report joins within the framework of a project CEDRE (Collaboration between the University of Limoges and the Lebanese university) on the topic of the intelligent antennas in the radio mobile communications. Work consisted with a contribution to the optimization of the lobe of radiation for an intelligent antenna. Two complementary approaches were developed to implement the technique of forming of the lobe, one based on an algorithm of optimization which calculates the phases of the excitations according to the specifications desired (pointed lobe, multiple lobes and creation of the zeros) and the other using the results of the first technique to implement a model with networks of neurons. The first method has a disadvantage concerning the computing time (some seconds), the second is almost an application in real time. The taking into account of the effect of coupling on the radiation was implemented directly in technique of synthesis, and a practical validation of this effect was carried out. Many measurements of an antenna arrays 8 elements, excited only in phase, made it possible to validate our developed tools
Dall'omo, Christophe. "Contribution à l'étude d'antennes à pointage électronique en millimétrique : Conception et réalisation de différentes topologies de Matrices de Butler." Limoges, 2003. http://aurore.unilim.fr/theses/nxfile/default/45b05b49-74f4-4347-9f2f-62fc064cf844/blobholder:0/2003LIMO0038.pdf.
Full textThis report joins within the framework of a contract CIFRE (Industrial Agreements of Training by the Research) supported by the ANRT (National Association of the Technical Research) between the actors that are the THALES communications compagny (Colombes) and the IRCOM (Research Institute in Optical and Microwaves Communications) on the subject of the networks of wireless communication high debit working in the wave band 40 GHz. The work consisted in studying in the millimetric domain the feasibility of beamforming networks low-cost which can be the object for example of an integration in a system of type LMDS (Local Multipoint Distribution Services). After a consequent state of the art on multiple beam antennae in printed technology, the Butler matrix was considered as the most successful passive device for this project. A detailed theoretical on this subject and realizations with the integration of antennae arrays were able to be led
Lohou, Anaël. "Conception de circuits intégrés pour antenne à pointage électronique destinée aux télécommunications par satellite en bande Ka." Thesis, Limoges, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018LIMO0096/document.
Full textIn a world where the information is moving faster and faster, it is important to be able to stay connected continuously. Some new solutions for air transport connectivity are in development thanks to the rise of satellite communications. This thesis work is part of an electronically steerable antenna array project, developed as a solution to achieve In-Flight Connectivity in Ka-band. A state- of-the art review on electronically steerable antenna arrays is also presented. In these arrays, each radiating element needs a specific amplitude and phase to obtain a scanning beam by adding their contribution. This thesis focus on the design of a GaAs MMIC chip inclusion two functions: a phase shifter and a variable-gain low-noise amplifier. The simulation and measurement results are presented for these two functions
Duval, Agnès. "Nouveau concept d'antenne B. I. E. Agile développée pour une application spatiale de "TéléMesure Image" (T. M. I. )." Limoges, 2009. https://aurore.unilim.fr/theses/nxfile/default/6d258ce8-abb7-40f4-bf70-e60a2ea0e87e/blobholder:0/2009LIMO4026.pdf.
Full textThis thesis, managed with the C. N. E. S. , studies beam-scanning E. B. G. Antennas (Electromagnetic Band Gap) for spatial application. E. B. G. Antennas offer interesting properties that allow realizing space and frequency filter. Agility is brought thanks to the variation of the properties of a ground plane structured with periodic patterns which can receives active elements. Different directive antennas, especially E. B. G. Antennas, and F. S. S. (Frequency Selective Surfaces) are first presented. Then the operation of an analytic program is validated. This program simulates the radiation direction of E. B. G. Antennas with structured ground plane. The implementation and measurements show the possibility to have different radiation directions with this kind of antenna. Finally, we studied the influence of insertion of active elements to the antenna
Morel, Pierre. "Représentation et gestion de l'incertitude pour l'action." Phd thesis, Université Claude Bernard - Lyon I, 2011. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00925848.
Full textBraune, Eric. "Réseau et management de l'innovation dans les secteurs de haute technologie : intérêt financier et organisationnel des réseaux dans les stratégies d'innovation des firmes industrielles de haute technologie." Thesis, Aix-Marseille 3, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011AIX32067.
Full textThrough an empirical study involving 172 high-tech industrial firms domiciled in the U.S. and embedded in networks of innovation financing by venture capital we show that the amount of expenditures in venture capital made by these firms impacts strongly and positively their Tobin's Q. In addition, our study illuminates the strategy of industrial firms embedded in networks of innovation financing. It appears that access to information concerning marketable innovations is highly constrained by relationships these firms have with financial venture capital companies. Thus, industrial firms building relationships with financial firms occupying a central place in the network get the most out of their nesting in it. These firms increase the amount of venture capital investments towards the same financial partners and this positively impacts their Tobin's Q. Therefore, our study reveals what an efficient relational capital is in financing networks of innovation
Landis, Stefan. "Réseaux de plots magnétiques sub-microniques réalisés à partir de substrats pré-gravés." Université Joseph Fourier (Grenoble), 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001GRE10090.
Full textChauvet, Vincent. "Les déterminants de la performance des PME technologiques : une analyse basée sur l'apprentissage organisationnel et le réseau social du dirigeant." Aix-Marseille 3, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004AIX32039.
Full textThe goal of this research is to identify the determinants of the performance of Small and Medium-sized technological Enterprises (SME). This thesis explores their performance through two experiences : a quantitative study on organizational learning and a qualitative one concerning the contributions of managers' social network. This research follows the resource-based view (RBV) of the firm in highlighting knowledge (Spender and Grant, 1996) and relational resources (Dyer and Singh, 1998), which were identified as " mother " resources. Relational rents through a complex social meshing are based on SME managers' social network. This system feeds technological SME relational learning that promotes innovation and allows to better control the environment through uncertainty reduction
Hakizimana, Bonaventure. "Les tensions coopération/concurrence au niveau local/global et leur articulation au sein des réseaux d’innovation : le cas des secteurs de haute technologie en Europe." Thesis, Lille 1, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014LIL12009.
Full textOver the last decades, clusters have emerged as a central element of economic debates,for instance as regards their on role in economic growth. Various academic studies onclusters and innovation networks have produced a wide range of approaches in this area.Scholars have attempted to define the concepts of clusters and innovation networks andanalyze the framework of cooperation / competition at the local or global level.The objective of this thesis is to explore a specific aspect of clusters, namely the potentialtension between cooperation and competition and between activities at the local andglobal level. We argue that the antagonistic relationship between cooperation andcompetition have so far not sufficiently studied, although the underlying tension can beclearly identified and has played a significant role in changing societal values advocatingeither competitive or collaborative behavior. In the context of economic clusters, thetension manifests itself in behaviors that combine elements of both competition andcooperation, for instance if a company decides to cooperate with a competitor only to beable to observe closely the threat to their business threat that this competitor represents.Through qualitative and quantitative analysis, the thesis shows that paying more attentionto such hybrid behaviors of ‘glocal coopetition’ provides a better understanding of firmbehavior in innovation networks. We propose new methods and concepts regarding therepresentation of the concept of "competition" and stress the usefulness of the idea of‘global coopetition’ for understanding firm behavior such as antagonistic cooperation.Our results underline that coopetition is an original strategy for managing marketcompetition and often entails working with competitors in order to capture a commonbenefits. Our empirical research analyses the underlying determinants for these behaviorsand links them to the characteristics of clusters in terms of their information structure,type of cooperation, available skills and geographic scale of the market
Chainon, Sébastien. "Etude et conception d'antennes composées de guides d'ondes en technologie mousse métallisée. Application aux antennes à balayage électronique." Rennes 1, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002REN10100.
Full textAbou, Taam Hussein. "Étude d’une matrice agile rayonnante à pixels élaborés en métamatériaux maitrise de concepts, réalisation de prototypes et caractérisation." Thesis, Limoges, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014LIMO0058/document.
Full textThis PhD thesis is dedicated to the study and the development of a novel agile antenna system called ‘Agile Radiating Matrix with Metamaterials Pixels’. This system is formed by a planar matrix which is composed by an association of jointed electromagnetic pixels. The pixel design is inspired from the electromagnetic band gap antenna and it is surrounded by metallic walls. These pixels are fed by means of several beam forming networks.The intensive theoretical study made on the matrix antenna, showed several electromagnetic performances concerning the low mutual coupling, the great beam steering for high scanning angles and the elimination of grating lobes. Three manufactured prototypes are presented in order to experimentally validate the matrix performances and to respond to some application requirements
Laroche, Thierry. "Génération de second harmonique pour la nano-optique et la microscopie optique en champ proche." Phd thesis, Université de Franche-Comté, 2004. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00008888.
Full textTackmann, Gunnar. "Interférométrie Raman avec des atomes en chute libre et piégés." Phd thesis, Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris VI, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00966091.
Full textLe gyromètre CASI est basé sur un double interféromètre Raman aux trajectoires atomiques contrapropageantes. Cet ouvrage présente des études sur la stabilité du capteur et une amélioration de la sensibilité aux rotations d'un ordre de grandeur par rapport a l'état précédent. Une sensibilité de 2×10-8 rad/s après 4000 s de moyennage a été démontrée en exploitant, pour le corriger, la corrélation du signal de rotation avec le temps d'arrivée des échantillons atomiques.
L'expérience FORCA-G vise à réaliser des mesures de forces a faible distance à l'aide d'interféromètres Raman basés sur un effet tunnel induit par laser dans un réseau optique. Des mesures avec une sensibilité aux accélérations de 2×10-5 g/√Hz sont présentées. La sensibilité obtenue après une intégration de 150 s permettra de réaliser des mesures de la force de Casimir-Polder avec une incertitude statistique de 1 % à une distance atome-surface de l'ordre de 5 µm. Par ailleurs, l'implémentation d'un transport cohérent des atomes dans des réseaux optiques accélérés a été effectuée, qui sera utile pour les mesures futures.
Mkireb, Chouaïb. "Optimisation et gestion des risques pour la valorisation de la flexibilité énergétique : application aux systèmes d’eau potable." Thesis, Compiègne, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019COMP2492/document.
Full textIn a context of demographic growth in which natural resources are more and more limited, optimized management of water and power networks is required. Changes in electricity markets regulation in several countries have recently enabled effective integration of Demand Response mechanisms in power systems, making it possible to involve electricity consumers in the real-time balance of the power system. Through its flexible components (variable-speed pumps, tanks), drinking water systems, which are huge electricity consumers, are suitable candidates for energy-efficient Demand Response mechanisms. However, these systems are often managed independently of power system operation, for both economic and operational reasons. In this thesis, the objective is the evaluation of the economic and the ecological values related to the integration of drinking water systems flexibility into power system operation through french demand response mechanisms. An analysis of the architecture of french electricity markets is first conducted, allowing to target the most suitable demand response mechanisms considering water systems operating constraints. Some mathematical models to optimize water systems flexibility are then proposed and solved through original heuristics, integrating uncertainties about water demands, market prices and pumping stations availability. Numerical results, which are discussed using three real water systems in France, integrate the economic aspects inclunding risks, operational and ecological aspects. Significant reductions in water systems operating costs are estimated through the optimization of demand response power bids on the French spot power market during peak times. In parallel, uncertainties consideration secures the operation of water systems in real time, and makes it possible to manage economic risks related to the power grid balancing. In addition, significant savings in CO2 emissions, estimated to around 400 tons per day in France, can be achieved by reducing electricity production from fossil sources
Ouss, Etienne. "Caractérisation des décharges partielles et identification des défauts dans les PSEM sous haute tension continue." Thesis, Lyon, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018LYSEC024.
Full textThe framework of this thesis is the monitoring of High-Voltage, Direct Current (HVDC) Gas-Insulated Substations (GIS). The availability of these equipment is crucial for electrical networks operators. That is why they need a preventive diagnosis tool. The solution must be able to detect and identify the insulation defects, so that an appropriate maintenance can be planned. The last 40 years have seen Partial Discharges (PD) measurement become a classic monitoring tool for AC GIS. Unfortunately, there is a lack of scientific information about PD in HVDC GIS, and the known defect identification techniques are very specific to the AC environment. New techniques are thus needed in DC.This thesis aimed to characterize partial discharges in DC gas-insulated substations, and to develop an automatic defect identification tool. The first step of this work was the development of a partial discharge measuring bench. The complete study has been performed in a GIS section, so that the results can be directly applied to industrial equipment. Two kinds of defect have been investigated: protrusions on the high-voltage conductor, and free metallic particles. The influence of parameters such as gas nature and pressure, voltage level and polarity has been evaluated. First, PD have been measured in conformity with the IEC 60270 standard, and the relevance of this method in a DC environment has been evaluated. Then, other measuring chains have been used to improve the characterization of partial discharges: a steady-state current measurement, a high-frequency current measurement, a light measurement and a measurement of Ultra-High Frequency (UHF) waves. Finally, a relevant signature for defect identification has been designed and extracted from DP recordings. A database has been constituted, and an automated recognition algorithm has been implemented.The results show that the conventional PD measurement technique is not fully adapted to partial discharges detection in DC, corona discharges being the most problematic situation. Nevertheless, this method has brought enough information to start the characterization of PD. The limitations of the conventional method have been explained thanks to the results of the other measurements. These other experimental results have led to an actual improvement of the characterization of protrusion and particle-generated partial discharges. An effective automated defect classification solution has been implemented. The signature is derived from the q(Δt) diagram that has been extracted from the data obtained with the partial discharge conventional measurement. The identification algorithm has a neural network structure
Williams, Mark. "Dynamique de l’excitabilité corticale dans l’épilepsie-absence et intégration sensorielle Integrative properties and transfer function of cortical neurons initiating absence seizures in a rat genetic model Building Up Absence Seizures in the Somatosensory Cortex: From Network to Cellular Epileptogenic Processes." Thesis, Sorbonne université, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018SORUS608.
Full textAn epileptic seizure results from the sudden occurrence of abnormally intense, rhythmic and synchronous neuronal activity, in a more or less broad region of the central nervous system. The clinical consequences are extremely varied, depending on the affected brain areas and the duration of the seizures, ranging from brief localized muscular twitches to a complete loss of consciousness, potentially associated with convulsions. Absence epilepsy is a generalised epilepsy of genetic origin, mostly affecting children of school age. During absence attacks, children experience a suspension of conscious processes in all their dimensions, including an interruption of conscious perceptions. These symptoms are correlated with bilateral spike-wave discharges (SWD) in the electroencephalograms (EEGs). The pathophysiological mechanisms underlying the alteration of consciousness during absences remain the subject of an intense debate, opposing functional dysfunctions on large scale neural networks to a filtering of sensory information by epileptic oscillations. During my PhD research, I explored the alternative, but not exclusive, hypothesis of a dynamic dysfunction in sensory integration processes within primary thalamo-cortical circuits. Given that multi-scale electrophysiological investigations cannot be conducted in epileptic children, I used a genetic model prsenting a strong homology with the human pathology: the Genetic Absence Epilepsy Rat from Strasbourg (GAERS).By combining in vivo electrocorticographic (ECoG) and intracellular recordings in the primary somatosensory cortex (S1), previously identified as the site of seizure initiation, I first analysed the integrative properties and excitability of S1 pyramidal neurons, during and in between seizures, and compared them to those measured in homologous neurons from non-epileptic rats. I showed that these neurons exhibit a higher excitability during inter-ictal periods, expressed as an increased firing response to excitatory stimuli of increasing intensity, as well as an exacerbated tendency to depolarize following a hyperpolarization of large amplitude, suggesting an augmented cationic current h. During seizures, the same neurons showed specific changes in their membrane excitability, according to the spike or wave component in the corresponding ECoG. The spike component was associated with increased current-evoked firing and a decreased membrane resistance. Conversely, the wave was correlated with an increase in membrane resistance and a decrease in excitability. These dynamic changes in neuronal integrative properties suggest an instability of cortical responses during the spike-wave epileptic cycle that could "scramble" sensory signals during seizures. I tested this hypothesis by analysing the sensory responses of cortical neurons, and corresponding thalamo-cortical neurons, to stimulations applied to contralateral whiskers. Although synaptic responses induced in S1 neurons by sensory stimuli were not globally impaired during seizures, they were larger and more likely to trigger action potentials during wave compared to the spike component. This relative increase in neuronal responsiveness during the ECoG wave probably results from the previously described increase in membrane resistance, an augmented driving force of glutamatergic synaptic currents and a higher probability of action potentials discharge in the corresponding thalamic neurons during this component. My doctoral research indicates that sensory inputs processing persists in the thalamo-cortical circuits during SWDs, but that the alternation of the spike and wave components introduces a strong instability of the neuronal responses during seizures. This new pathophysiological mechanism could contribute to the inability to generate a conscious, stable and effective, perception during generalised epileptic seizures
Ferro, Luz Marina. "Le processus de formation de l'opportunité dans le contexte de l'internationalisation des PME-HT." Thèse, 2012. http://www.archipel.uqam.ca/5288/1/D2394.pdf.
Full textDevillers, Élodie. "L'effet de l'appartenance à un « cluster » sur la communication des jeunes entreprises de haute technologie françaises auprès de leurs clients et investisseurs." Mémoire, 2009. http://www.archipel.uqam.ca/2855/1/M11193.pdf.
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