Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Réseaux connectés'
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Chelly, Magda Lilia. "Propagation d'une position dans les réseaux connectés." Phd thesis, Institut National des Télécommunications, 2011. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00843587.
Full textChelly, Magda Lilia. "Propagation d'une position dans les réseaux connectés." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Evry, Institut national des télécommunications, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011TELE0018.
Full textPositioning systems have undeniably progressed. Currently, in an outdoor environment, the accuracy reaches a few centimetres under certain conditions: open space, clear sky, specific measurement techniques, etc. Nevertheless, the problem of positioning in an indoor environment remains persistent: multipath, attenuation, etc. Different systems for indoor positioning have been developed, using technologies such as UWB, WiFi or Infrared. These systems provide interesting results that could allow to reach one meter accuracy. But, this accuracy is related to many criteria: infrastructure, technology, calibration, technical computing, etc. To reduce these constraints, we propose a new approach for positioning. Our approach utilizes all the network equipments present in an environment. The approach is based on two fundamental steps: the study of visibility and the development of geographical links. The study of visibility estimates the visible equipments in the environment. We have studied several models of visibility and we carried out a comparison of the results. A three-dimensional graph is build using the study of geographical links between equipments. This graph allows us to visualize the distribution of equipments and to estimate the geographic positions of each device. To implement our approach, we developed a simulator in Matlab. The simulator first studies the visible equipments for the unknown device. Then, it estimates the distances between the device and the visible equipments. Finally, it constructs a graph and calculates the geographical positions. Simulation results are presented to validate our approach. Our approach is a positioning system capable of operating without additional infrastructure in an indoor environment
Jebali, Ahmed. "Contrôle de divergence dans des environnements faiblement connectés." Versailles-St Quentin en Yvelines, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003VERS0028.
Full textWe worked out a replication model for applications on weakly connected environments. The model has 2 characteristics: total replication active replicas. We defined the concept of the measure of an operation an a replica. The divergence is the risk assumed if there is a divergence between replicas and the shared object. The matter is then to confine the divergence in a preset bound B : the bounded divergence criterion. We must ensure 2 sufficient conditions: to find a partitioning of B in local bounds and to ensure that the divergence between the operations initiated and the their estimation does not exceed the local bound. The estimation is done by profile functions of operation traffic. The protocol carries out an optimistic control: synchronizations are initiated when it is necessary and possible. Moreover, it allows the continuity of service in case of disconnection. Sabbarus is the platform implementing the protocol
Mroue, Maxime. "Développement de réseaux radio d'objets connectés pour les Villes Intelligentes : amélioration de la Qualité de Service du réseau LoRa." Thesis, Nantes, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019NANT4025/document.
Full textThe objective of this thesis is the development of new mechanisms to improve the quality of service for LPWAN in the context of Smart Ci- ties. First, we analyze the evolution of the quality of service by observing the packet error rate (PER) of the MAC layer of different LPWAN standards, sub- ject to network densification. Second, we focus on LoRa technology, where we identify obstacles to be raised, including the rate of rejected packets, the collisions between packets and the number of gateways deployed, in different network densification scenarios. We then introduce a new protocol called LoRa+ based on «Listening Before Talking, LBT». Finally, we use « Okumura-Hata » tools and metrics to analyze and compare the performance of this new protocol with LoRa in several types of networks, and we demonstrate that LoRa+ proves to be a timely choice, reducing both rejected packet rate and packet error rate as well as the number of gateways deployed in networks
Da, penha coelho Alexandre Augusto. "Tolérance aux fautes et fiabilité pour les réseaux sur puce 3D partiellement connectés." Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes (ComUE), 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019GREAT054.
Full textNetworks-on-Chip (NoC) have emerged as a viable solution for the communication challenges in highly complex Systems-on-Chip (SoC). The NoC architecture paradigm, based on a modular packet-switched mechanism, can address many of the on-chip communication challenges such as wiring complexity, communication latency, and bandwidth. Furthermore, the combined benefits of 3D IC and Networks-on-Chip (NoC) schemes provide the possibility of designing a high-performance system in a limited chip area. The major advantages of Three-Dimensional Networks-on-Chip (3D-NoCs) are a considerable reduction in the average wire length and wire delay, resulting in lower power consumption and higher performance. However, 3D-NoCs suffer from some reliability issues such as the process variability of 3D-IC manufacturing. In particular, the low yield of vertical connection significantly impacts the design of three-dimensional die stacks with a large number of Through Silicon Via (TSV). Equally concerning, advances in integrated circuit manufacturing technologies are resulting in a potential increase in their sensitivity to the effects of radiation present in the environment in which they will operate. In fact, the increasing number of transient faults has become, in recent years, a major concern in the design of critical SoC. As a result, the evaluation of the sensitivity of circuits and applications to events caused by energetic particles present in the real environment is a major concern that needs to be addressed. So, this thesis presents contributions in two important areas of reliability research: in the design and implementation of deadlock-free fault-tolerant routing schemes for the emerging three-dimensional Networks-on-Chips; and in the design of fault injection frameworks able to emulate single and multiple transient faults in the HDL-based circuits. The first part of this thesis addresses the issues of transient and permanent faults in the architecture of 3D-NoCs and introduces a new resilient routing computation unit as well as a new runtime fault-tolerant routing scheme. A novel resilient mechanism is introduced in order to tolerate transient faults occurring in the route computation unit (RCU), which is the most important logical element in NoC routers. Failures in the RCU can provoke misrouting, which may lead to severe effects such as deadlocks or packet loss, corrupting the operation of the entire chip. By combining a reliable fault detection circuit leveraging circuit-level double-sampling, with a cost-effective rerouting mechanism, we develop a full fault-tolerance solution that can efficiently detect and correct such fatal errors before the affected packets leave the router. Yet in the first part of this thesis, a novel fault-tolerant routing scheme for vertically-partially-connected 3D Networks-on-Chip called FL-RuNS is presented. Thanks to an asymmetric distribution of virtual channels, FL-RuNS can guarantee 100% packet delivery under an unconstrained set of runtime and permanent vertical link failures. With the aim to emulate the radiation effects on new SoCs designs, the second part of this thesis addresses the fault injection methodologies by introducing two frameworks named NETFI-2 (Netlist Fault Injection) and NoCFI (Networks-on-Chip Fault Injection). NETFI-2 is a fault injection methodology able to emulate transient faults such as Single Event Upsets (SEU) and Single Event Transient (SET) in a HDL-based (Hardware Description Language) design. Extensive experiments performed on two appealing case studies are presented to demonstrate NETFI-2 features and advantage. Finally, in the last part of this work, we present NoCFI as a novel methodology to inject multiple faults such as MBUs and SEMT in a Networks-on-Chip architecture. NoCFI combines ASIC-design-flow, in order to extract layout information, and FPGA-design-flow to emulate multiple transient faults
Bahmani, M. "Exploration architecturale et étude des performances des réseaux sur puce 3D partiellement connectés verticalement." Phd thesis, Université de Grenoble, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-01070020.
Full textBahmani, Maryam. "Exploration architecturale et étude des performances des réseaux sur puce 3D partiellement connectés verticalement." Thesis, Grenoble, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013GRENM066/document.
Full textUtilization of the third dimension can lead to a significant reduction in power and average hop-count in Networks- on-Chip (NoC). TSV technology, as the most promising technology in 3D integration, offers short and fast vertical links which copes with the long wire problem in 2D NoCs. Nonetheless, TSVs are huge and their manufacturing process is still immature, which reduces the yield of 3D NoC based SoC. Therefore, Vertically-Partially-Connected 3D-NoC has been introduced to benefit from both 3D technology and high yield. Moreover, Vertically-Partially-Connected 3D-NoC is flexible, due to the fact that the number, placement, and assignment of the vertical links in each layer can be decided based on the limitations and requirements of the design. However, there are challenges to present a feasible and high-performance Vertically-Partially-Connected Mesh-based 3D-NoC due to the removed vertical links between the layers. This thesis addresses the challenges of Vertically-Partially-Connected Mesh-based 3D-NoC: Routing is the major problem of the Vertically-Partially-Connected 3D-NoC. Since some vertical links are removed, some of the routers do not have up or/and down ports. Therefore, there should be a path to send a packet to upper or lower layer which obviously has to be determined by a routing algorithm. The suggested paths should not cause deadlock through the network. To cope with this problem we explain and evaluate a deadlock- and livelock-free routing algorithm called Elevator First. Fundamentally, the NoC performance is affected by both 1) micro-architecture of routers and 2) architecture of interconnection. The router architecture has a significant effect on the performance of NoC, as it is a part of transportation delay. Therefore, the simplicity and efficiency of the design of NoC router micro architecture are the critical issues, especially in Vertically-Partially-Connected 3D-NoC which has already suffered from high average latency due to some removed vertical links. Therefore, we present the design and implementation the micro-architecture of a router which not only exactly and quickly transfers the packets based on the Elevator First routing algorithm, but it also consumes a reasonable amount of area and power. From the architecture point of view, the number and placement of vertical links have a key role in the performance of the Vertically-Partially-Connected Mesh-based 3D-NoC, since they affect the average hop-count and link and buffer utilization in the network. Furthermore, the assignment of the vertical links to the routers which do not have up or/and down port(s) is an important issue which influences the performance of the 3D routers. Therefore, the architectural exploration of Vertically-Partially-Connected Mesh-based 3D-NoC is both important and non-trivial. We define, study, and evaluate the parameters which describe the behavior of the network. The parameters can be helpful to place and assign the vertical links in the layers effectively. Finally, we propose a quadratic-based estimation method to anticipate the saturation threshold of the network's average latency
Élisabelar, Christian. "Structures et techniques de contrôle des convertisseurs connectés à un réseau triphasé impédant." Toulouse, INPT, 1990. http://www.theses.fr/1990INPT013H.
Full textLegrand, Adrien. "Détection, anticipation, action face aux risques dans les bâtiments connectés." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Amiens, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019AMIE0058.
Full textThis thesis aims to exploit the future mass of data that will emerge from the large number of connected objects to come. Focusing on data from connected buildings, this work aims to contribute to a generic anomaly detection system. The first year was devoted to defining the problem, the context and identifying the candidate models. The path of autoencoder neural networks has been selected and justified by a first experiment. A second, more consistent experiment, taking more into account the temporal aspect and dealing with all classes of anomalies was conducted in the second year. This experiment aims to study the improvements that recurrence can bring in response to convolution within an autoencoder used in connected buildings. The results of this study were presented and published in an IEEE conference on IoT in Egypt. The last year was devoted to improving the use of auto-encoder by proposing to include an estimate of uncertainty in the original operation of the auto-encoder. These tests, conducted on various known datasets initially and then on a connected building dataset later, showed improved performance and were published in an IEEE IA conference
Dron, Wilfried. "Méthode d'estimation de la durée de vie des objets connectés." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Paris 6, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014PA066719.
Full textConnected devices are embedded electronic systems that are powered by batteries. Their lifetime is an important constraint to take into account at very early design stages. In the context of this work, the lifetime is defined as being the time elapsed from the device very first boot until its battery does not contain enough energy to supply it. Thus, in this work, we investigate lifetime estimation in early design stages. A deep state-of-the-art's study showed that existing solutions were not accurate enough to do such estimation. Therefore, we introduce an original method oriented toward lifetime estimation in order to address this limitation. Our method relies on three fundamental aspects that are the software running on the device, its hardware platform and the battery that supplies it. This method has been implemented as a framework for the OMNeT++ network simulator. We evaluate the simulation performances of our implementation as well as the precision of our method. Moreover, in the context of a scientific collaboration with the SICS (Sweden), this method has been applied to a case study that implies several TMote Sky nodes running ContikiOS with a RPL/6LowPan communication's stack. Actually, our method gave us access to useful insights. These latter were used to improve the lifetime from 4 months to more than a year. We also compare our method’s simulation results to real experiment's measures. The absolute mean error is going from 6.17% to 11.56% depending on the model. In comparison, the state-of-the-art methods/solutions lead to an error that is greater than 35% - which highlights their inaccuracies. We also need to mention that the models that we have designed in our method were built using only the technical specifications and do not require any calibration
Cuenot, Jérémy. "Architectures d'alimentation et de commande des actionneurs haute-vitesse connectés aux réseaux avioniques à tension variable." Thesis, Université de Lorraine, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017LORR0263/document.
Full textThe main technological revolution of the new aircrafts is based on intensive electrification of many components of the aircraft. Moreover, the speed of electrical generators is no longer fixed but variable. This new way of generating electrical power generates voltage variations on DC networks. Besides, to increase the compactness of the Permanent Magnet Synchronous Machines (PMSM) at a given power, their mechanical speed is increased as much as possible by combining them with mechanical reducers for certain applications. The variation of the voltage level of the DC bus supplying a high-speed PMSM implies its sizing in order to ensure its controllability over the entire speed range which carries significant stresses on the Voltage Source Inverter (VSI). To solve this problem, one solution consists in adding an extra DC / DC converter between the input filter and the VSI to maintain the inverter input voltage at a value adapted to the operating point of the PMSM and to optimize its dimensioning. However, this solution increases the order of the system, which increases the complexity of its control, accentuated by the constraints related to the high-frequency nature of the PMSMs considered. The work carried out in this thesis concerns the study, the optimization and the control of the power supply architecture of the high-speed actuators connected to variable-voltage avionic DC networks. As a result, for the avionics applications considered, these power supply architectures integrating an additional DC / DC converter make it possible to reduce the mass and the volume of the power supply structure without degrading the overall efficiency of the conversion chain, in particular by using the impedance-source converters which allow to cancel the DC input current ripples. In addition, Pulse Amplitude Modulation (PAM) control strategies used with non-linear control architectures (flatness, passivity) make it possible to control these high-speed PMSMs while ensuring their stability over the entire operating range
Cuenot, Jérémy. "Architectures d'alimentation et de commande des actionneurs haute-vitesse connectés aux réseaux avioniques à tension variable." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université de Lorraine, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017LORR0263.
Full textThe main technological revolution of the new aircrafts is based on intensive electrification of many components of the aircraft. Moreover, the speed of electrical generators is no longer fixed but variable. This new way of generating electrical power generates voltage variations on DC networks. Besides, to increase the compactness of the Permanent Magnet Synchronous Machines (PMSM) at a given power, their mechanical speed is increased as much as possible by combining them with mechanical reducers for certain applications. The variation of the voltage level of the DC bus supplying a high-speed PMSM implies its sizing in order to ensure its controllability over the entire speed range which carries significant stresses on the Voltage Source Inverter (VSI). To solve this problem, one solution consists in adding an extra DC / DC converter between the input filter and the VSI to maintain the inverter input voltage at a value adapted to the operating point of the PMSM and to optimize its dimensioning. However, this solution increases the order of the system, which increases the complexity of its control, accentuated by the constraints related to the high-frequency nature of the PMSMs considered. The work carried out in this thesis concerns the study, the optimization and the control of the power supply architecture of the high-speed actuators connected to variable-voltage avionic DC networks. As a result, for the avionics applications considered, these power supply architectures integrating an additional DC / DC converter make it possible to reduce the mass and the volume of the power supply structure without degrading the overall efficiency of the conversion chain, in particular by using the impedance-source converters which allow to cancel the DC input current ripples. In addition, Pulse Amplitude Modulation (PAM) control strategies used with non-linear control architectures (flatness, passivity) make it possible to control these high-speed PMSMs while ensuring their stability over the entire operating range
Roux, Jonathan. "Détection d'intrusion dans des environnements connectés sans-fil par l'analyse des activités radio." Thesis, Toulouse 3, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020TOU30011.
Full textThe massive deployment of connected objects, forming the Internet of Things (IoT), is now disrupting traditional network environments. These objects, previously connectivity-free, are now likely to introduce additional vulnerabilities into the environments that integrate them. The literature today paints an unflattering picture of the security of these objects, which are increasingly becoming prime targets for attackers who see them as new exploitable surfaces to penetrate previously secure environments. In addition, the wireless means of communication used by these objects are numerous, with very heterogeneous characteristics at all protocol levels. Particularly in terms of the frequencies used, which make it difficult to analyse and monitor the environments that are equipped with them. These issues, and in particular the strong heterogeneity of these numerous protocols, call into question the traditional solutions used to ensure the security of the exchanges carried out. However, the explosion in the number of these objects requires security architectures that are adapted to these new issues. In this thesis, we are interested in monitoring and detecting anomalies that may occur in any wireless means of communication used in the IoT. We found a critical lack of solutions with the ability to analyze all exchanges, regardless of the protocol used. To answer this question, we propose a new security architecture based on the monitoring of physical radio signals, making it possible to free oneself from protocol knowledge and therefore to be generic. Its objective is to learn the model of legitimate radio behaviour in an environment using radio probes, then to identify deviations from this model, which may correspond to anomalies or attacks. The description of this architecture is the first contribution of this thesis. We then studied the applicability of our solution in different contexts, each with its own characteristics. The first study, corresponding to our second contribution, consists in proposing an implementation and deployment of our approach in connected homes. The evaluation of the latter in the face of real attacks injected into radio space and its results show the relevance of our approach in these environments. Finally, the last contribution studies the adaptation and deployment of our generic solution to professional environments where the presence of expert users promotes the integration of advanced diagnostic information to identify the origins of an anomaly. The subsequent evaluation and the results associated with each of the diagnostic mechanisms implemented demonstrate the value of our approach in heterogeneous environments
Maurer, Alexandre. "Communication fiable dans les réseaux multi-sauts en présence de fautes byzantines." Thesis, Paris 6, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014PA066347/document.
Full textAs modern networks grow larger and larger, they become more likely to fail. Indeed, their nodes can be subject to attacks, failures, memory corruptions... In order to encompass all possible types of failures, we consider the most general model of failure: the Byzantine model, where the failing nodes have an arbitrary (and thus, potentially malicious) behavior. Such failures are extremely dangerous, as one single Byzantine node, if not neutralized, can potentially lie to the entire network. We consider the problem of reliably exchanging information in a multihop network despite such Byzantine failures. Solutions exist but require a dense network, where each node has a large number of neighbors. In this thesis, we propose solutions for sparse networks, such as the grid, where each node has at most 4 neighbors. In a first part, we accept that some correct nodes fail to communicate reliably. In exchange, we propose quantitative solutions that tolerate a large number of Byzantine failures, and significantly outperform previous solutions in sparse networks. In a second part, we propose algorithms that ensure reliable communication between all correct nodes, provided that the Byzantine nodes are sufficiently distant from each other. At last, we generalize existing results to new contexts: dynamic networks, and networks with an unbounded diameter
Sabine, Anastasia. "Production et circulation d’informations médicales personnelles sur le web et les objets connectés." Thesis, Paris 13, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019PA131044.
Full textNon communiqué
Maurer, Alexandre. "Communication fiable dans les réseaux multi-sauts en présence de fautes byzantines." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Paris 6, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014PA066347.
Full textAs modern networks grow larger and larger, they become more likely to fail. Indeed, their nodes can be subject to attacks, failures, memory corruptions... In order to encompass all possible types of failures, we consider the most general model of failure: the Byzantine model, where the failing nodes have an arbitrary (and thus, potentially malicious) behavior. Such failures are extremely dangerous, as one single Byzantine node, if not neutralized, can potentially lie to the entire network. We consider the problem of reliably exchanging information in a multihop network despite such Byzantine failures. Solutions exist but require a dense network, where each node has a large number of neighbors. In this thesis, we propose solutions for sparse networks, such as the grid, where each node has at most 4 neighbors. In a first part, we accept that some correct nodes fail to communicate reliably. In exchange, we propose quantitative solutions that tolerate a large number of Byzantine failures, and significantly outperform previous solutions in sparse networks. In a second part, we propose algorithms that ensure reliable communication between all correct nodes, provided that the Byzantine nodes are sufficiently distant from each other. At last, we generalize existing results to new contexts: dynamic networks, and networks with an unbounded diameter
Lebreton, Jean Mickaël. "Systèmes et protocoles de télé-réveil appliqués à l’optimisation énergétique des réseaux de capteurs sans fil." Thesis, La Réunion, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017LARE0014/document.
Full textNowadays, a significant growth of connected things is observed, exceeding even the worldpopulation. Given the magnitude of this phenomenon, the energy efficiency of communicatingobjects is a crucial issue. Maximizing their lifetime is necessary to ensure a qualityof service. In this regard, the aim of this thesis is to optimize the energy consumption ofwireless communications in a wireless sensor network.The concept of wake-up radio was created a decade ago, which consists of waking up thecommunicating node by a remote radio signal. By default, the node remains in sleepingmode at a very low power consumption. If needed, the node can be woken up on demandthrough a specific radio signal. Thus, the energy consumption of the radio module is greatlyreduced by idle listening to the channel in sleeping mode. However, this wake-up radioprinciple requires the development of new hardware architectures associated with adaptedand innovative communication protocols. Despite recent proposals, the level of technologymaturity has not yet been reached on this subject.Therefore, a wake-up radio system is proposed in this thesis, including a theoreticalcharacterization of its performances. The wake-up receiver consumes 363 nW in sleepingmode and 49.8 µW in receiving mode. Moreover, two new protocols called DoRa and DC-DoRaare proposed with an evaluation of their performances by simulation. The resultsshow that these wake-up radio protocols greatly reduce the energy consumed by the radiomodule, compared to the MAC protocols currently used in wireless sensor networks. Finally,the experimental implementation of the wake-up radio system and protocols enabled thereal performance measurement of our approach in an environment with overhearing andinterference
Bachy, Yann. "Sécurité des équipements grand public connectés à Internet : évaluation des liens de communication." Thesis, Toulouse, INSA, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015ISAT0014/document.
Full textToday, equipment embedding software and an Internet connection are more and more numerous and various. With the emergence of “the internet of things” and the trend to interconnect everything, many equipment used in our every day life are now connected to the internet: Smart-Tvs, DVD players, alarm and home automation systems, and even health assistance home devices, for example. Unfortunately, these technological evolutions also introduce new security threats. The massive use of internet facilitates the propagation of malware, capable of targeting any computer device, and more specifically any internet connected device. Although several methods allowing security analysis of industrial systems exist, their application to home devices is still limited. The existence and the criticality of potential vulnerabilities in these devices are not well-known, because they have not been thoroughly studied. This is precisely the objective of this thesis, which presents a method allowing to carry out a vulnerability analysis of internet connected home devices. This method is composed of two main phases: a risk analysis phasefollowed by an experimental phase. The security analysis of any type of equipement, requires a good knowledge ofits environment. In order to guide the evaluator in this task, we propose, as a first step, to rely on existing risk analysis methods. These methods are now mature, and allow the evaluator to obtain a global view of the risks incurred by the usage of anequipment. Then, during the second step of our method, the evaluator concentrates on the most important risks in order to demonstrate the technical feasibility of the scenarios leading to the considered risks, by carrying out several experiments.Considering the large amount and the diversity of I/Os on connected devices, it is important to focus on specifically rich attack scenarios, possibly depending on a simple local vulnerability. For this second step, an experimental method is proposedin order to study these attack scenarios, which, moreover, target equipement whose specifications are not necessarily available.In order to illustrate the entire method, this thesis presents two case studies: Integrated Access Devices and Smart-Tvs. These studies are carried out on a panel of devices from major internet service providers and TV manufacturers, allowing us to compare several devices available on the market. The vulnerabilities pointed out, mainly concern the communication means (local loop for the IAD, DVB-T interface for the smart-TVs) connecting these devices to their service providers (ISP for the IAD, TV and VoD for the smart-TVs). These communication links are usually considered safe, and have been, to our knowledge, seldom explored. Thisthesis thereby contributes to the security analysis of these particular communication means for connected devices and points out some original attack paths. Finally, this thesis ends by presenting different existing security mechanisms that can be used to avoid exploitation of the identified weaknesses
Pawar, Nahit. "On interoperability and network architecture bottom-up heterogeneity control in Internet of Things." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Institut polytechnique de Paris, 2021. http://www.theses.fr/2021IPPAS009.
Full textInternet of Things (IoT) combines many technologies and it has spanned across diverse and multidisciplinary application domains. Each domain has its own set of application requirements in terms of hardware, communication, software, source of energy, etc. This inhibits the use of conventional programming models of distributed computing which assumes that the systems are always connected, having abundant computational resources and access to infinite electric energy. Additionally, IoT encompasses a wide range of heterogeneous embedded IoT devices (processing units, sensors, actuators, transceivers, etc.) provided by various manufacturers each with different device architecture, as a result the application software developed for these devices are not compatible with each other. This device heterogeneity poses serious problems for device interoperability and also for harmonized IoT development tools over a wide range of heterogeneous IoT devices. An important challenge not only for domain experts but also for professionals is to realize proof-of-concept (PoC) during industrialization of IoT services, that involves - development, deployment and maintenance of end-to-end IoT application services requiring different types and levels of expertise. The main contribution of this thesis is to introduce a new framework named PrIoT (Prototyping Internet of Things) that allows easy and rapid IoT device programming from design to deployment that better handles the heterogeneity of IoT device architecture. More specifically, the PrIoT framework is based on the concept that IoT applications possess various invariant characteristics that we studied and gathered from various IoT architectures and applications presented in the literature. We then developed a minimalist high level programming language and APIs to show the easy composability of our in-variant functionalities in the development of IoT applications. From a hardware perspective, in order to control better the device heterogeneity, we propose two novel modular systems named R-Bus and P-Bus for designing embedded systems as a set of hardware modules that can be mounted and dismounted based on the IoT applications needs. This re-solves device interface heterogeneity and accommodates various classes of constraint devices along with advance system configuration and plug-&-play functionalities to ease IoT hardware prototyping. This approach complements our proposed PrIoT framework as it offers a new way to build end-to-end IoT application prototypes with flexibility in both hardware and software of the IoT devices. In fact, our objective is to enable rapid end-to-end IoT prototyping by implementing a high-level abstraction layer that hides the details of various technologies underlying IoT and implementing modular systems for flexible device integration targeted for IoT system design. We validate our PrIoT framework through reference implementation and also the development of prototype implementation of various IoT scenarios using our framework and comparing it against various existing solutions. For our modular systems we defined two metrics -suitability and coverage ratio that measure the compatibility of embedded modular systems with respect to processing units. We used these metrics to compare our solution with existing modular systems
Picard, Alexis. "I²PHEN : une nouvelle plateforme de télésurveillance médicale basée sur l'Internet des Objets." Thesis, Bourgogne Franche-Comté, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020UBFCD056.
Full textMedical telemonitoring is an area still in full development in France. It is a branch of telemedicine which aims at enabling a doctor in collecting and interpreting remotely the data necessary for the medical follow-up of a patient. It enables, among others, in improving remote medical monitoring of seniors with loss of autonomy or suffering from chronic diseases (heart diseases, diabetes and high blood pressure for example). Hence it encourages their stay at home and to warn as soon as possible of any hospitalizations.This CIFRE Thesis within Maincare company (major publisher of digital solutions for the world of health) allowed us to propose our novel platform I²PHEN (IoT Interoperable Platform for Health moNitoring low power) in which the monitoring of a patient's health parameters is done using connected objects (sphygmomanometer, thermometer, glucometer, ...) which communicates with the remote platform (distributed data monitoring). The central server can then trigger alerts which are defined beforehand with the medical teams. The technological choice of the networks used is a major concern. LPWAN networks (Low-Power Wide Area Network) offer a cost-effective alternative and are less expensive in terms of energy than cellular networks to transmit small amounts of data from sensors and energy efficient objects powered on batteries over important distances. This field being new, and still little dedicated to the medical field, it is necessary to develop new focus of research such as COMMA, a new adaptive algorithm to reduce energy consumption and interference in daily mobility. Hence, the first lock is the energy consumption, in relation to the quality of service (QoS), of these new networks in the critical area of telemedecine. The second lock, and probably the most difficult, is to propose interoperable solutions in which connected objects can interact, through these new networks, with the remote platform through a local gateway (based on Arduino). In the end, the platform that we propose in this PHD allows the telemonitoring of patients from end to end, is interoperable and energy efficient
Couraud, Benoît. "Optimisation des transferts d'énergie pour les systèmes connectés : application aux systèmes RFID communiquant en champ proche à très haut débit." Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017AIXM0572/document.
Full textThe research work presented in this thesis provides solutions to help industrials to better design RFID readers and RFID tags that implement VHBR (Very High Bit Rate) protocols. Indeed, VHBR technology has a large drawback on the functionning of RFID tags as it lowers the energy available to supply the tag. First, this research work focuses on RFID reader design, and especially matching networks design. After describing a new way of assessing power transfer in Radio Frequency systems, it is shown that T matching networks as thoses proposed in ISO/IEC 10373-6 give the best results in terms of power transfer and signal integrity. Thus, a design method is proposed to correctly choose the three T matching network components that will optimize the power transfer and still meet the signal integrity requirements.Second, this thesis will focus on the design of RFID tags, by describing a new tag's antenna design method that optimize the energy harvested by the antenna and meanwhile reduce the power reflections between the antenna and the tag's chip. This design method is based on new explicit formula that compute a rectangular planar antenna inductance as a function of its geometric characteristics. This method showed very accurate results, and can become an interesting tool for industrials to speed up and optimize their antenna design procedure.Finally, a platform that measures RFID chip's impedance in every state of the chip has been designed, even during load modulation communication. The accuracy of this tool and its importance in order to achieve a good antenna design confer it a great usefulness
Couraud, Benoît. "Optimisation des transferts d'énergie pour les systèmes connectés : application aux systèmes RFID communiquant en champ proche à très haut débit." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Aix-Marseille, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017AIXM0572.
Full textThe research work presented in this thesis provides solutions to help industrials to better design RFID readers and RFID tags that implement VHBR (Very High Bit Rate) protocols. Indeed, VHBR technology has a large drawback on the functionning of RFID tags as it lowers the energy available to supply the tag. First, this research work focuses on RFID reader design, and especially matching networks design. After describing a new way of assessing power transfer in Radio Frequency systems, it is shown that T matching networks as thoses proposed in ISO/IEC 10373-6 give the best results in terms of power transfer and signal integrity. Thus, a design method is proposed to correctly choose the three T matching network components that will optimize the power transfer and still meet the signal integrity requirements.Second, this thesis will focus on the design of RFID tags, by describing a new tag's antenna design method that optimize the energy harvested by the antenna and meanwhile reduce the power reflections between the antenna and the tag's chip. This design method is based on new explicit formula that compute a rectangular planar antenna inductance as a function of its geometric characteristics. This method showed very accurate results, and can become an interesting tool for industrials to speed up and optimize their antenna design procedure.Finally, a platform that measures RFID chip's impedance in every state of the chip has been designed, even during load modulation communication. The accuracy of this tool and its importance in order to achieve a good antenna design confer it a great usefulness
Rouyer, Julien. "Contribution à la gestion du trafic routier pour le véhicule connecté." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Reims, 2024. http://www.theses.fr/2024REIMS009.
Full textWe study various aspects of road intersections: we present combinatorial properties of the paths that can be taken simultaneously to cross them, and we propose a consensus algorithm for intelligent vehicles, aimed at abolishing the need for any traffic signs and traffic lights: the open lanes are chosen in real time and information is transmitted via CAM. This algorithm uses a function which associates a weight to each queue: it has been constructed as an experimental optimum obtained from a class of functions, so as to obtain minimum average waiting times, while keeping the maximum waiting time for each vehicle as low as possible
Mendes, ruiz Pedro. "Réseaux multi-octave d'antennes spirales connectées." Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018SACLC075/document.
Full textOne of the usual problems associated with wideband arrays is having the highest frequency of operation limited by the appearance of grating lobes, associated with the periodicity in the spacing between elements of the array. Another issue is the working frequency of the element of the array. The lowest frequency of operation is in general related to the size of the element. In this thesis a Concentric Ring Array of Connecting Spirals has been developed. The connections between spirals of opposite polarizations reduces the reflection coefficient at lower frequencies. The concentric rings topology had the radius and relative rotations of each ring optimized using Genetic Algorithms to minimize the RSLL at higher frequencies. The addition of a size constraint in the optimization procedure kept the array compact. The optimized array operates from 1 to 6.9 GHz. The design was then updated using the WAVES technique to include a scaled down copy in its center, extending the bandwidth of the array up to 13 GHz. Moreover, we proposed a new design for the array of connected spirals which consists of arranging spirals in a uniform array and connecting the arms of the neighboring spirals. Simulations indicate that the design can have an arbitrarily large bandwidth depending on the finiteness of the array. A prototype has been built and measured to validate the concept
Mouawad, Mina Rady Abdelshahid. "Agile Multi-PHY Wireless Networking." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Sorbonne université, 2021. http://www.theses.fr/2021SORUS462.
Full textThis thesis contributes to the emerging field of agile multi-PHY wireless networking. Industrial wireless networks have relied on a single physical layer for their operation. One example is the standardized IETF 6TiSCH protocol stack for industrial wireless networking, which uses IEEE~802.15.4 O-QPSK radio in the 2.4~GHz band as its physical layer. Advances in radio chip manufacturing have resulted in chips that support a diverse set of long range and short range PHYs. We use the term "PHY'' to refer to any combination of: modulation, frequency band, and coding scheme. In this research, we argue that combining long-range and short-range PHYs can offer balanced network end-to-end performance that no single PHY achieves. We demonstrate how a set of short-range and long-range PHYs can be integrated under one generalized 6TiSCH ("g6TiSCH'') architecture and we evaluate its performance experimentally in a testbed of 36~motes at Inria-Paris. We further demonstrate, experimentally, how a TSCH slotframe can adapt the slot duration on a slot-by-slot basis, as a function of the bitrate of the used PHY ("6DYN''). Finally, we design and evaluate, through simulation, an objective function for RPL that optimizes for network lifetime ("Life-OF''). We demonstrate how Life-OF combines diverse PHYs to boost network lifetime to be up to 470% compared to the IETF standard MRHOF
Makke, Ali. "Pervasive Service Provisioning in Intermittently Connected Hybrid Networks." Thesis, Lorient, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015LORIS362/document.
Full textThe vision of pervasive computing of building interactive smart spaces in the physical environment is gradually heading from the research domain to reality. Computing capacity is moving beyond personal computers to many day-to-day devices, and these devices become, thanks to multiple interfaces, capable of communicating directly with one another or of connecting to the Internet.In this thesis, we are interested in a kind of pervasive computing environment that forms what we call an Intermittently Connected Hybrid Network (ICHN). An ICHN is a network composed of two parts: a fixed and a mobile part. The fixed part is formed of some fixed infostations (potentially connected together with some fixed infrastructure, typically the Internet). The mobile part, on the other hand, is formed of smartphones carried by nomadic people. While the fixed part is mainly stable, the mobile part is considered challenging and form what is called an Opportunistic Network. Indeed, relying on short-range communication means coupled with the free movements of people and radio interferences lead to frequent disconnections. To perform a network-wide communication, the "store, carry and forward" approach is usually applied. With this approach, a message can be stored temporarily on a device, in order to be forwarded later when circumstances permit. Any device can opportunistically be used as an intermediate relay to facilitate the propagation of a message from one part of the network to another. In this context, the provisioning of pervasive services is particularly challenging, and requires revisiting important components of the provisioning process, such as performing pervasive service discovery and invocation with the presence of connectivity disruptions and absence of both end-to-end paths and access continuity due to user mobility. This thesis addresses the problems of providing network-wide service provisioning in ICHNs and proposes solutions for pervasive service discovery, invocation and access continuity. Concerning service discovery challenge, we propose TAO-DIS, a service discovery protocol that performs an automatic and fast service discovery mechanism. TAO-DIS takes into account the hybrid nature of an ICHN and that the majority of services are provided by infostations. It permits mobile users to discover all the services in the surrounding environment in order to identify and choose the most convenient ones. To allow users to interact with the discovered services, we introduce TAO-INV. TAO-INV is a service invocation protocol specifically designed for ICHNs. It relies on a set of heuristics and mechanisms that ensures performing efficient routing of messages (both service requests and responses) between fixed infostations and mobile clients while preserving both low values of overhead and round trip delays. Since some infostations in the network might be connected, we propose a soft handover mechanism that modifies the invocation process in order to reduce service delivery delays. This handover mechanism takes into consideration the opportunistic nature of the mobile part of the ICHN. We have performed various experiments to evaluate our solutions and compare them with other protocols designed for ad hoc and opportunistic networks. The obtained results tend to prove that our solutions outperform these protocols, namely thanks to the optimizations we have developed for ICHNs. In our opinion, building specialized protocols that benefit from techniques specifically designed for ICHNs is an approach that should be pursued, in complement with research works on general-purpose communication protocols
Boukhalfa, Mohamed Fouzi. "Low latency radio and visible light communications for autonomous driving." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Sorbonne université, 2021. http://www.theses.fr/2021SORUS164.
Full textThe subject of this thesis is vehicle wireless networks and, more specifically, the use of radio transmission and Visible Light Communication (VLC) to improve vehicle safety. The thesis is motivated by the reliability and scalability issues of the IEEE 802.11p standard. The idea is to move towards new techniques, especially in future 803.11bd standards, and to combine radio transmission with VLC to enable hybrid communication. The first part of the thesis concerns the development of a low latency radio access technique in vehicular networks. The idea of the solution is to combine classical TDMA techniques and advanced mechanisms of competitive protocols using active signaling. This solution has been specified, evaluated, and compared to other solutions from literature. This part also introduces a special access scheme for high priority emergency packets, while ensuring reliable and low latency access. The second part of the thesis concerns visible light communication for platoon control. The idea is to develop an algorithm to select the radio communication, proposed in the first part, and visible light communication based on the radio channel conditions and platoon alignment
Cellier, Colas. "Étude et simulation d’un système éolien connecté au réseau monophasé." Mémoire, École de technologie supérieure, 2012. http://espace.etsmtl.ca/1053/1/CELLIER_Colas.pdf.
Full textAbakar, Kerima Saleh. "Interopérabilité et mutualisation des ressources pour les systèmes communicants hybrides orientés Smart-City." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Mulhouse, 2024. http://www.theses.fr/2024MULH7120.
Full textLPWAN, or Low Power Wide Area Network, is a type of low-speed wireless communication network with wide coverage and minimal power consumption. The LoRaWAN variant, Long Range Wide Area Network, allows a large number of devices to be connected over large areas. However, these networks have limitations in terms of quality of service (QoS). This work proposes optimization solutions that could enable this network to meet the connectivity requirements of smart cities. Our research has detected the impact of payload factor on key QoS metrics. The History Range (HR) factor related to the data rate self-adaptation (ADR) mechanism, serving as a basis for dynamic change in the Data Rate (DR) of the ADR mechanism, was also studied. Thanks to the adjustment of this parameter, the simulations conducted on NS3 allowed to obtain a PDR rate of up to 88% compared to the native ADR mechanism and reduced the interference losses by 20%. Based on the above analyses, we propose the LLNRM optimization mechanism which presents better results than other reference optimization approaches, with an improvement of up to 40% of the PDR with two gateways and more than 25% with five gateways. These results also highlight LLNRM's ability to improve network performance in urban scenarios. In general, the contributions resulting from this thesis would allow LoRaWAN to meet the needs of smart cities, which is a guarantee of the achievement of the Sustainable Development Goals (SDG9)
Cassoret, Bertrand. "Réduction active du bruit magnétique des machines asynchrones directement connectées au réseau." Phd thesis, Université d'Artois, 1996. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00372876.
Full textLe premier chapitre expose le phénomène, fait une synthèse des relations mécaniques et acoustiques existantes et les confronte avec des expériences pratiques.
Une méthode de calcul des harmoniques d'induction présents dans l'entrefer est développée dans le deuxième chapitre, ils sont responsables des forces de Maxwell à l'origine du bruit. Les relations obtenues sont valables pour un moteur à rotor bobiné ou à cage et permettent la détermination des harmoniques de courant rotorique et statorique. Elles sont comparées à celles données par d'autres auteurs qui négligent certains termes.
Les applications numériques présentées dans le troisième chapitre soulignent l'importance d'un phénomène qualifié de résonance de denture, responsable de courants rotoriques harmoniques importants et de bruit magnétique. Elles montrent également la validité de la théorie en comparant les résultats aux relevés pratiques.
Le dernier chapitre expose le principe de réduction active du bruit magnétique. Il consiste à injecter un faible courant harmonique créant une force qui s'oppose à celle à l'origine du bruit. Plusieurs montages sont proposés, permettant l'injection d'un courant supplémentaire dans une machine alimentée par le réseau. L'étude expérimentale permet de valider le procédé.
Kherroubi, Zine el abidine. "Novel off-board decision-making strategy for connected and autonomous vehicles (Use case highway : on-ramp merging)." Thesis, Lyon, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020LYSE1331.
Full textMerging in the highway on-ramp is a significant challenge toward realizing fully automated driving (level 4 of autonomous driving). The combination of communication technology and autonomous driving technology, which underpins the notion of Connected Autonomous Vehicles (CAVs), may improve greatly safety performances when performing highway on-ramp merging. However, even with the emergence of CAVs vehicles, some keys constraints should be considered to achieve a safe on-ramp merging. First, human-driven vehicles will still be present on the road, and it may take decades before all the commercialized vehicles will be fully autonomous and connected. Also, on-board vehicle sensors may provide inaccurate or incomplete data due to sensors limitations and blind spots, especially in such critical situations. To resolve these issues, the present thesis introduces a novel solution that uses an off-board Road-Side Unit (RSU) to realize fully automated highway on-ramp merging for connected and automated vehicles. Our proposed approach is based on an Artificial Neural Network (ANN) to predict drivers’ intentions. This prediction is used as an input state to a Deep Reinforcement Learning (DRL) agent that outputs the longitudinal acceleration for the merging vehicle. To achieve this, we first show how the road-side unit may be used to enhance perception in the on-ramp zone. We then propose a driver intention model that can predict the behavior of the human-driven vehicles in the main highway lane, with 99% accuracy. We use the output of this model as an input state to train a Twin Delayed Deep Deterministic Policy Gradients (TD3) agent that learns « safe » and « cooperative » driving policy to perform highway on-ramp merging. We show that our proposed decision-making strategy improves performance compared to the solutions proposed previously
Abdayem, Anthony. "Stratégies de contrôle optimisées pour les convertisseurs multiniveaux modulaires (MMCs) connectés au réseau basse tension." Electronic Thesis or Diss., CY Cergy Paris Université, 2024. http://www.theses.fr/2024CYUN1301.
Full textThe modular multilevel converter (MMC) has emerged as one of the most promising topologies for medium- to high-voltage, high-power applications. Recently, it has also shown potential for applications requiring low voltages, known as mini MMCs, which contain a smaller number of submodules per arm. Key features of MMCs include modularity, voltage and power scalability, fault tolerance, transformer-less operation, and high-quality output waveforms. In recent years, numerous research studies have been conducted to address the technical challenges associated with MMC operation, control, and topology.One of the most significant applications for MMCs is in grid-connected systems. These converters offer the advantage of reducing current and voltage harmonics without the need for bulky passive components. Moreover, MMCs demonstrate reliability due to their structure, which enables them to continue operating even if one or more power switches fail. However, their control is complex due to the numerous switching configurations, necessitating sophisticated control algorithms. This thesis focuses on implementing advanced control techniques to enhance MMC performance. It aims to explore MMCs, improve existing power structures for novel applications, and increase efficiency and reliability through control design and modulation techniques. The research also investigates controlling MMCs using novel Model Predictive Control methods.Specifically, this thesis comprises a series of investigations addressing challenges and enhancing MMC performance across various applications. The first set of studies focuses on a new control design for MMCs, allowing separate control of capacitor voltages in the upper and lower arms. The research also targets single-phase MMCs, enabling control under unbalanced power conditions between the upper and lower arms. Additionally, the study addresses modulation and voltage balancing techniques. A new modulation technique, the Integral Modulation Technique, an advancement of the Nearest Level Modulation Technique, is introduced. A novel sorting algorithm is also proposed to enhance MMC efficiency by reducing the number of commutations per second for existing modulation techniques such as NLM, IM, and PWM.The research extends to fault-tolerant operation in three-phase MMCs, proposing a method that injects DC and frequency harmonic circulating currents to sustain operation in the event of a faulty arm. A significant contribution involves developing a single-horizon finite control set model predictive control (FCS-MPC) algorithm for single-phase MMCs, which outperforms traditional methods in terms of commutations, grid current waveform quality, and capacitor voltage variance. Six FCS-MPC algorithms for MMCs are introduced, offering insights into their performance compared to a classic cascaded control scheme. The thesis concludes with a novel configuration for a Cascaded H-Bridge (CHB) converter designed for renewable energy integration, demonstrating effectiveness through simulations.In summary, this thesis presents a comprehensive exploration of MMCs, addressing control challenges, fault tolerance, modulation techniques, and innovative configurations for renewable energy integration. The findings contribute to advancing MMC technologies in various applications
Forrisi, Ivano. "Contribution to renewable systems grid connected : control, stability analysis and reliability." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université de Lorraine, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016LORR0345.
Full textThe aim of this PhD thesis is to analyze a PV-grid connected system in terms of control, stability and reliability. A comparison between a classical 2-Level inverter and a multilevel NPC is presented. The advantages and weakness of both the converters are analyzed with respect to the power efficiency, optimization of the energy injection to the grid and reliability of the system. In order to control the inverter output current, two different solutions are proposed: flatness-based control and passivity-based control. These controls are compared in terms of robustness, complexity and number of sensors used. It is shown that both the controls may manage the resonance problems due to a LCL filter. For increasing the efficiency of the MPPT in a configuration Distributed-MPPT with connections in series of the boost converters outputs, a novel technique for the dc voltages balancing of a NPC inverter is proposed. A large stability analysis using "Higher-Order-Singular-Value-Decomposition" is presented and compared with Takagi-Sugeno approach for nonlinear systems. Finally, 2-Level inverter is compared with two multilevel inverters (NPC and NPP) in terms of availability, considering the redundancy levels of the converters. To analyze the systems availability, the Markov chains theory is considered and it is implemented on GRIF
Heurtefeux, Karel. "Protocoles Localisés pour Réseaux de Capteurs." Phd thesis, INSA de Lyon, 2009. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00449801.
Full textCourtecuisse, Vincent. "Supervision d’une centrale multisources à base d’éoliennes et de stockage d’énergie connectée au réseau électrique." Paris, ENSAM, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008ENAM0027.
Full textThe concept of multisource system (with energy storage) with integrated and optimised energy control it’s also knows as a virtual power plant. These types of power plants are constituted from different class of generators which can be associated with different types of energy storage systems. From the point of view of network managing, a virtual power plant must behave as a classical power plant. It must participate to the ancillary service and also the manager has to know 24h ahead the quantity of electrical energy he can produce. The multisource systems associated with storage system exists already in isolated sites, many studies and experimentations have been developed for isolated networks using diesel generators associated with wind turbines and flywheel energy storage systems or using batteries. The objective of this project is to increase the penetration rate of the wind power plants to decrease the fuel consumption. The mains problems of this system are the choice of storage system and the determination of the supervisory control in order to optimize the energetic consumption and to assure the network stability
Grassi, Giulio. "Connected cars : a networking challenge and a computing resource for smart cities." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Paris 6, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017PA066554.
Full textIn the recent years we have seen a continuous integration of technology with the urban environment. This fusion aims to improve the efficiency and the quality of living in big urban agglomerates, while reducing the costs for their management. Cities are getting “smarter and smarter”, with a plethora of IoT devices and sensors deployed all over the urban areas. Among those intelligent objects, an important role may be played by cars. Modern vehicles are (or will be) indeed equipped with multiple network interfaces, they have (or will have) computational capabilities and devices able to sense the environment. However, smart and connected cars do not represent only an opportunity, but also a challenge. Computation capabilities are limited, mobility and the diversity of network interfaces are obstacles when providing connectivity to the Internet and to other vehicles. When addressing the networking aspect, we believe that a shift in the Internet model is needed, from a host oriented architecture (IP) to a more content focused paradigm, the Information Centric Networking (ICN) architectures. This thesis thus analyzes the benefits and the challenges of the ICN paradigm, in particular of Named Data Networking (NDN), in the VANET domain, presenting the first implementation running on real cars of NDN for VANET (V-NDN). It then proposes Navigo, an NDN based forwarding mechanism for content retrieval over V2V and V2I communications, with the goal of efficiently discovering and retrieving data while reducing the network overhead. Networking mobility is not only a challenge for vehicles, but for any connected mobile device. For this reason, this thesis extends its initial area of interest — VANET — and addresses the network mobility problem for generic mobile nodes, proposing a NDN-based solution, dubbed MAP–Me. MAP-Me tackles the intra-AS content provider mobility problem without relying on any fixed node in the network. It exploits notifications messages at the time of a handover and the forwarding plane to maintain the data provider “always” reachable.Finally, the “connected car” concept is not the only novel element in modern vehicles. Cars indeed won’t be only connected, but also smart, able to locally process data produced by in-car sensors. Vehicles are the perfect candidates to play an important role in the recently proposed Fog Computing architecture. Such an architecture moves computational tasks typical of the cloud away from it and brings them to the edge, closer to where the data is produced. To prove that such a model, with the car as computing edge node, is already feasible with the current technology and not only a vision for the future, this thesis presents ParkMaster. Parkmaster is a fully deployed edge-based system that combines vision and machine learning techniques, the edge (driver’s smartphone) and the cloud to sense the environment and tackle the parking availability problem
Mahamat, Chabakata. "Analyse et commandes des convertisseurs multi-niveaux pour un générateur photovoltaïque connecté au réseau électrique." Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018SACLN024/document.
Full textThis PhD work, prepared at SATIE laboratory, is part of the promotion of solar photovoltaic (PV) energy. In this work, we are particularly interested in design and control of the grid-connected PV system in a context of use in Chad where cost, reliability, efficiency, and energy quality issues of the system should be taken into account. The considered grid is a low voltage grid (220 V) with a frequency equal to fifty hertz (50 Hz) but likely to vary, in which a power of five point two ( 5.2 kW) is injected. A design method of the filter passive to reduce the filter elements is proposed firstly. In order to reduce manufacturing cost and volume of the passive filter, we apply a technique consisting of dividing each inductance value and making it in several small inductances in series. This technique optimizes the conventional PV system. Then, we proposed a new grid-connected PV system architecture using a multi-level inverter. The adaptation of this innovative structure has reduced the manufacturing cost of passive filter by nearly 40 % compared to the classical optimized system. Finally, a decoupled PQ control, using a phase locked loop for sysnchronization, has been designed and applied for both systems. It is well adapted to the system with multilevel inverter
Rakotoary, Sarah. "Dynamiques infocommunicationnelles d’une communauté connectée : une analyse des formes socioculturelles de la diaspora malgache présente sur Facebook." Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes (ComUE), 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018GREAL016.
Full textThis research focuses on the infocommunicationnal practices of Malagasy connected diaspora. Indeed its uses of social networks are characterised by their need to maintain relationships with their home country but also with their host country. Malagasy diaspora has clearly invested a social network which is Facebook, where online forms of socialisation appear. Some members of the worldwide malagasy diaspora join Facebook groups in order to exchange, to inform or to keep in touch. These groups become a true reflect of online and offline social practices. Our research is about the understanding of the social appropriation process of the social network considered as a sociotechnical device. The social network supports sociocultural forms ; our work aims at identifying how these online and offline forms allow the construction of a connected community. The aim of this thesis is to explore the « social anchoring » of a technical device in a transnational community, and to understand its technical reality regarding social marks produced by users
Rami, Guillaume. "Contrôle de tension auto adaptatif pour des productions décentralisées d'énergie connectées au réseau électrique de distribution." Grenoble INPG, 2006. https://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00160675.
Full textVoltage fluctation problems in the distribution grid are involved by the connection of distributed generators (DG). Indeed, the productions of these generators may influence the network voltage map and the loadflow. These technical problems can lead to critical overvoltages. The current structure of the network is not adapted to a high insertion of DG. Indeed to telemetrie and communications agents are placed in the distribution grid. It is difficult to imagine solutions for voltage control using communications and measurements because of the high quantities of information and of the costs involved by these solutions. Thus, our study relates the developments of an autonomous and intelligent voltage control of such DG, using local informations. This control permit to carry out on the grid a global voltage control without DG coordination using communications. This control is able to adapt its objectives in an optimal way, to keep the voltage level between networks limits. Following the development of this control, software tests and practical tests were carried out to improve the operation of such a control on various network configurations and various productions, to prove the appliance of such a system. This work has been completed by the comparison between this local approach and a coordinated voltage control using DG
Brubach, Jean-Blaise. "Etude de l'effet du confinement et de la température sur l'organisation en réseaux connectifs des molécules d'eau." Paris 11, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002PA112069.
Full textThe aim of this study is to quantitatively evaluate the extent of the perturbation of water organisation rising a well-controlled confining medium. We have selected two reversed micelles systems, ionic (AOT) or not (DMP), and one lamella systems in a range of size between 10 and 200 angstrom involving typically water pool of 10 to 130000 water molecules. Besides, when not available in the litterature the micelle sizes have been precisely measured using Small Angle Neutron Scattering in order to establish the link between the structure and the organisation of the water molecules. This step allowed the study of systems with well-known sizes and geometries. The use of a Fast Fourier Transform Spectrometer coupled with synchrotron radiation (SIRLOIN beamline) in far infrared has allowed to realise measurements of these highly absorbent samples with a good signal to noise ratio. Thanks to its spectral range, the ensemble SIRLOIN is well adapted to both the study of all the intermolecular and intramolecular mode of vibration of the water molecule as well as to the study of the vibration of the molecules forming the confining system itself. We present here the first study of the bulk water in mid-infrared and far infrared region as a function of the temperature and the first comparison with predictions from the model of percolation. Besides, the first observation in the far infrared of the water connectivity band within both micelles and lamella systems are also indebted to the high brilliance of the synchrotron radiation. We have also highlighted the important role played by the water molecules at the interface in direct contact with the hydrophilic part of the surfactant of these different systems of confinement
Riffonneau, Yann. "Gestion des flux énergétiques dans un système photovoltaïque avec stockage connecté au réseau : application à l'habitat." Grenoble 1, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009GRE10206.
Full textThe work done during this thesis contributes to the intensive penetration of the photovoltaic electricity production into the electric grid. Photovoltaic energy holds an immense potential, in particular in the housing sector, but intermittent nature limits its large scale development. In this thesis, we propose to add a storage element to the grid connected photovoltaic system (housing application). First, we introduce the notion of energy management in these systems called « hybrids systems ». The objective is to reduce the peak power consumption and production. Next, we propose and study optimized energy strategies based on predictive indications of irradiation, ambient temperature, power consumption and electricity grid prices. Finally, we bring theoretical solutions to the real time energy management, notably by proposing a solution to the problem of prediction uncertainty
Forrisi, Ivano. "Contribution to renewable systems grid connected : control, stability analysis and reliability." Thesis, Université de Lorraine, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016LORR0345/document.
Full textThe aim of this PhD thesis is to analyze a PV-grid connected system in terms of control, stability and reliability. A comparison between a classical 2-Level inverter and a multilevel NPC is presented. The advantages and weakness of both the converters are analyzed with respect to the power efficiency, optimization of the energy injection to the grid and reliability of the system. In order to control the inverter output current, two different solutions are proposed: flatness-based control and passivity-based control. These controls are compared in terms of robustness, complexity and number of sensors used. It is shown that both the controls may manage the resonance problems due to a LCL filter. For increasing the efficiency of the MPPT in a configuration Distributed-MPPT with connections in series of the boost converters outputs, a novel technique for the dc voltages balancing of a NPC inverter is proposed. A large stability analysis using "Higher-Order-Singular-Value-Decomposition" is presented and compared with Takagi-Sugeno approach for nonlinear systems. Finally, 2-Level inverter is compared with two multilevel inverters (NPC and NPP) in terms of availability, considering the redundancy levels of the converters. To analyze the systems availability, the Markov chains theory is considered and it is implemented on GRIF
Garcia, del Molino Luis Carlos. "Non-hermitian random matrices and applications to randomly connected firing rate neuronal networks." Sorbonne Paris Cité, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015USPCC167.
Full textWe study the impact of the statistical properties of connectivity matrices on the dynamics of neuronal networks. This study is done by analyzing the spectral properties of random matrices
Khernane, Nesrine. "Collaborative multimedia sensors for a connected and smart city." Thesis, Bourgogne Franche-Comté, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018UBFCD027.
Full textDue to their high application potential in various innovative fields (telemonitoring, telemedicine, etc.), Wireless Multimedia Sensor Networks (WMSN) arouse the interest of numerous research projects. In addition to inherent constraints of scalar sensor networks in terms of energy limitation, deployment, coverage, reliability, ..., WMSNs impose new constraints related to the captured data. Indeed, multimedia data are very voluminous in comparison to scalar data and, in addition, have a time constraint (real-time delivery). Moreover, their semantic content, very rich, is subject to different perceptions and interpretations depending on the quality of the acquisition. As a target application, this dissertation focuses detecting available car parking spaces within a large city or a metropolis. Nevertheless, the proposed approaches can be used for a wide variety of WMSN applications for surveillance purposes.In this context, the main objective remains the network lifetime maximization while ensuring an acceptable perceived quality at the destination station. The studied approaches are of a distributed nature for scalability reasons, required in WMSN. Two main axes have been targeted: data processing at source nodes and data routing toward the destination.In the data processing axis, the main problem lies in the quality of the data to be transmitted. In general, the higher the quality is, the larger the data are, and consequently more important is the energy consumption and vice versa. It is therefore a question of finding a balance that preserve the energy resources; i.e. maximize the network lifetime while ensuring an acceptable quality of the sent data. The latter is the result of an encoding process at the source level.Thus, we proposed a fully distributed algorithm that maximizes the network lifetime by optimally balancing the encoding power and the source rate at the source node in order to meet a desired visual quality at the destination station. In opposition to existing approaches, our algorithm, of distributed nature, is ensured to find such a trade-off whatever the initial network configuration is.As a second step, we focuses on data routing. In fact, due to the complexity of this problem, especially in a decentralized context, literature works have not considered jointly data processing and routing. In other words, routing was considered as a network input.In the research work of this thesis, we have subsequently shown that the routing directly impacts the results of the network lifetime maximization process. Indeed, we have analyzed the behavior of several routing protocols in WMSN and the obtained results highlighted this influence. We have therefore proposed an analytic model integrating simultaneously the encoding of data at the source nodes and their routing to the base station. We have developed a semi-distributed resolution of this problem. The results obtained were very encouraging.Thus, in the second part, a fully distributed solution was proposed, in which, the routing axis cannot be achieved without the parameters, that should be determined and updated by the data processing axis. On the other hand, the data processing axis cannot be achieved without the routing tables updated by the routing axis. The proposed solution allows: a) an end-to-end routing with local decisions at each video sensor node and b) the choose of the sufficient number of paths needed to ensure a reliable data transmission.For the rest, we have completed our work by considering more realistic constraints, in particular the dynamic reliability of the links as well as the variation of their capacities (according to the remaining energy of the intermediate nodes). The simulation results showed savings of around 25% of the total energy
Kazemzadeh, Rasool. "Analyse du comportement d'un ensemble alternateur tétraphasé-convertisseur matriciel à commutation naturelle connecté sur un réseau triphasé." Besançon, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005BESA2013.
Full textAThis research relates to the study of an electrical power generation through a multiphase machine and a natural commutated matrix converter. The generator runs at high speed and the converter works as frequency changer. The system, turbo alternator and matrix converter is called activegenerator. In a first chapter, the principle of operating is presented and the commutation criterion using only measurable values is determined. In the second chapter, the behaviour of a four phase active generator connected to a three-phase electrical power network is studied by simulation, through analysis of currents, voltages and power on two sides of the converter. Their frequency spectra are also analyzed. The main drawback is a high value for a current sub harmonic in the generator. Two adjustement parameters of the active generator that are piloting angle and electromotive force of the machine are chosen and their influences are studied. In a third part, a simplified model of the system at the fundamental frequency is proposed allowing the study of the power transferred between the generator and the networks. A single-phase equivalent model is presented for the whole of the system considering constant ratio between currents and voltages on the both side. The active and reactive power axes at network side are determined that gives the operating range. In a last part, the behaviour of the system in transient state has been studied when the machine runs at variable speed. In this case the converter output frequency is perfectly controlled. Network fault and behaviour of the system are also studied
Dong, Trung-Kien. "Contribution à la modélisation dynamique des batteries Lithium-ion pour l’application photovoltaïque et stockage connecté au réseau." Grenoble INPG, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010INPG0066.
Full textThe aim of the thesis is the dynamic modelling of Lithium Iron Phosphate j Graphite (LiFeP04c) batteries. The work is part of the studies aiming to adapt new energy storage technologies for the photovoltaic applications. The developed model is also applicable for the simulation of Li-ion battery operation under electric vehicle profiles. Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy (EIS) measurements on LiFeP04C batteries show a good correlation with the EIS of Li-ion batteries found in the literature, and thus the known Equivalent Electrical Circuit model of Li-ion batteries has been used in the present mode!. Full ' parameterization of EEC models is not possible only with the EIS method and, therefore, a combined frequencyjtemporal method has been developed. An excellent correlation between simulated and measured date was observed in wide State Of Charge and chargejdischarge current range
Fernandez, Sophie. "Comparaison des performances électriques d’un onduleur triphasé deux niveaux à commandes directes et indirectes connecté au réseau." Thesis, Lille 1, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013LIL10093.
Full textThe standards connections requirements of the decentralized generating sources to the French electricity network impose on conversion system to take into account the quality of the electric magnitudes in the converter output. Their efficiency is also a requirement leading given the powers brought into play. The challenge is to assess and improve the quality / efficiency compromise of these conversion systems by their PWM control strategy. To answer to these requirements, three phase hysteresis strategies (direct control), applied on a two- levels inverter structure have been developed to ensure a similar behavior of the three line currents. Controls on the line currents together with the fictitious polygonal currents were implemented. These two types of control are based on the same rules and simple modulation criteria to be implanted simply on real-time systems and can then be extended to converter structures fully controlled more complex. Most of these controls showed harmonic families in the produced voltage spectrum, reflecting a natural regularity in the produced switching of these direct controls. In this work, the width of the hysteresis band was considered fixed, but this parameter setting could be exploited in order to play also on the performance. Electrical and energy performances of these new direct control was evaluated and some proved better on these two criteria than the bibliographic direct controls
Bai, Wenshuai. "DC Microgrid optimized energy management and real-time control of power systems for grid-connected and off-grid operating modes." Thesis, Compiègne, 2021. http://www.theses.fr/2021COMP2586.
Full textThis thesis focus on the research of the DC microgrid following two operation models: grid-connected mode, and off-grid mode including the islanded and isolated modes. The aim of this thesis is to propose a DC microgrid combining the advantages of the grid-connected or the off-grid mode, which named full DC microgrid. ln the full DC microgrid, the renewable energy sources, storage, and public grid are included, and the back-up sources also applied to reduce the load shedding. ln the full DC microgrid, a supervisory system is proposed to manage the power. The real-time power management in the operational layer of the supervisory system can keep the power balance. ln the optimization layer of the supervisory system, the day-ahead optimization is proposed to achieve the global minimal operation cost. The simulation results show that the full DC microgrid combines both advantages of the grid-connected and the off-grid mode to minimize the operating cost. Then, the supervisory system considers the dynamic efficiency of the converter to solve the problem that the power quality of the microgrid is degraded due to the unstable DC bus voltage caused by the inaccurate power control. The simulation results show that considering the dynamic efficiency of the converter in the operational layer of the supervisory system, the fluctuation of the DC bus voltage can be reduced. Regarding the importance of the PV prediction for the day-ahead optimization, two prediction modes are studied and compared to give a robust PV prediction power. The results are that the two models almost have the same results
Amroun, Hamdi. "Modèles statistiques avancés pour la reconnaissance de l’activité physique dans un environnement non contrôlé en utilisant un réseau d’objets connectés." Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018SACLS406/document.
Full textWith the arrival of connected objects, the recognition of physical activity is experiencing a new era. New considerations need to be taken into account in order to achieve a better treatment process. In this thesis, we explored the treatment process for recognizing physical activity in an uncontrolled environment. The recognized physical activities, with only one inertial unit (accelerometer, gyroscope and magnetometer), are called elementary. Other types of context-dependent activities are called "context-based". We extracted the DCT as the main descriptor for the recognition of elementary activities. In order to recognize the physical activities based on the context, we defined three levels of granularity: a first level depending on embedded connected objects (smartphone, smartwatch and samrt TV . A second level concerns the study of participants' behaviors interacting with the smart TV screen. The third level concerns the study of participants' attention to TV. We took into consideration the imperfection aspect of the data by merging the multi sensor data with the Dempster-Shafer model. As such, we have proposed different approaches for calculating and approximating mass functions. In order to avoid calculating and selecting the different descriptors, we proposed an approach based on the use of deep learning algorithms (DNN). We proposed two models: a first model consisting of recognizing the elementary activities by selecting the DCT as the main descriptor (DNN-DCT). The second model is to learn raw data from context-based activities (CNN-raw). The disadvantage of the DNN-DCT model is that it is fast but less accurate, while the CNN-raw model is more accurate but very slow. We have proposed an empirical study to compare different methods that can accelerate learning while maintaining a high level of accuracy. We thus explored the method of optimization by particle swarm (PSO). The results are very satisfactory (97%) compared to deep neural network with stochastic gradients descent and Nesterov accelerated Gradient optimization. The results of our work suggest the use of good descriptors in the case where the context matters little, the taking into account of the imperfection of the sensor data requires that it be used and faster models
Grassi, Giulio. "Connected cars : a networking challenge and a computing resource for smart cities." Thesis, Paris 6, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017PA066554/document.
Full textIn the recent years we have seen a continuous integration of technology with the urban environment. This fusion aims to improve the efficiency and the quality of living in big urban agglomerates, while reducing the costs for their management. Cities are getting “smarter and smarter”, with a plethora of IoT devices and sensors deployed all over the urban areas. Among those intelligent objects, an important role may be played by cars. Modern vehicles are (or will be) indeed equipped with multiple network interfaces, they have (or will have) computational capabilities and devices able to sense the environment. However, smart and connected cars do not represent only an opportunity, but also a challenge. Computation capabilities are limited, mobility and the diversity of network interfaces are obstacles when providing connectivity to the Internet and to other vehicles. When addressing the networking aspect, we believe that a shift in the Internet model is needed, from a host oriented architecture (IP) to a more content focused paradigm, the Information Centric Networking (ICN) architectures. This thesis thus analyzes the benefits and the challenges of the ICN paradigm, in particular of Named Data Networking (NDN), in the VANET domain, presenting the first implementation running on real cars of NDN for VANET (V-NDN). It then proposes Navigo, an NDN based forwarding mechanism for content retrieval over V2V and V2I communications, with the goal of efficiently discovering and retrieving data while reducing the network overhead. Networking mobility is not only a challenge for vehicles, but for any connected mobile device. For this reason, this thesis extends its initial area of interest — VANET — and addresses the network mobility problem for generic mobile nodes, proposing a NDN-based solution, dubbed MAP–Me. MAP-Me tackles the intra-AS content provider mobility problem without relying on any fixed node in the network. It exploits notifications messages at the time of a handover and the forwarding plane to maintain the data provider “always” reachable.Finally, the “connected car” concept is not the only novel element in modern vehicles. Cars indeed won’t be only connected, but also smart, able to locally process data produced by in-car sensors. Vehicles are the perfect candidates to play an important role in the recently proposed Fog Computing architecture. Such an architecture moves computational tasks typical of the cloud away from it and brings them to the edge, closer to where the data is produced. To prove that such a model, with the car as computing edge node, is already feasible with the current technology and not only a vision for the future, this thesis presents ParkMaster. Parkmaster is a fully deployed edge-based system that combines vision and machine learning techniques, the edge (driver’s smartphone) and the cloud to sense the environment and tackle the parking availability problem