Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Réseaux de dépendances de donnée'
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Ouertani, Mohamed Zied. "DEPNET : une approche support au processus de gestion de conflits basée sur la gestion des dépendances de données de conception." Phd thesis, Université Henri Poincaré - Nancy I, 2007. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00163113.
Full textC'est à la gestion de ce phénomène, le conflit, que nous nous sommes intéressés dans le travail présenté dans ce mémoire, et plus particulièrement à la gestion de conflits par négociation. Nous proposons l'approche DEPNET (product Data dEPendencies NETwork identification and qualification) pour supporter au processus de gestion de conflits basée sur la gestion des dépendances entre les données. Ces données échangées et partagées entre les différents intervenants sont l'essence même de l'activité de conception et jouent un rôle primordial dans l'avancement du processus de conception.
Cette approche propose des éléments méthodologiques pour : (1) identifier l'équipe de négociation qui sera responsable de la résolution de conflit, et (2) gérer les impacts de la solution retenu suite à la résolution du conflit. Une mise en œuvre des apports de ce travail de recherche est présentée au travers du prototype logiciel DEPNET. Nous validons celui-ci sur un cas d'étude industriel issu de la conception d'un turbocompresseur.
Karmann, Clémence. "Inférence de réseaux pour modèles inflatés en zéro." Thesis, Université de Lorraine, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019LORR0146/document.
Full textNetwork inference has more and more applications, particularly in human health and environment, for the study of micro-biological and genomic data. Networks are indeed an appropriate tool to represent, or even study, relationships between entities. Many mathematical estimation techniques have been developed, particularly in the context of Gaussian graphical models, but also in the case of binary or mixed data. The processing of abundance data (of microorganisms such as bacteria for example) is particular for two reasons: on the one hand they do not directly reflect reality because a sequencing process takes place to duplicate species and this process brings variability, on the other hand a species may be absent in some samples. We are then in the context of zero-inflated data. Many graph inference methods exist for Gaussian, binary and mixed data, but zero-inflated models are rarely studied, although they reflect the structure of many data sets in a relevant way. The objective of this thesis is to infer networks for zero-inflated models. In this thesis, we will restrict to conditional dependency graphs. The work presented in this thesis is divided into two main parts. The first one concerns graph inference methods based on the estimation of neighbourhoods by a procedure combining ordinal regression models and variable selection methods. The second one focuses on graph inference in a model where the variables are Gaussian zero-inflated by double truncation (right and left)
Bougrain, Laurent. "Étude de la construction par réseaux neuromimétiques de représentations interprétables : application à la prédiction dans le domaine des télécommunications." Nancy 1, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000NAN10241.
Full textArtificial neural networks constitute good tools for certain types of computational modelling (being potentially efficient, easy to adapt and fast). However, they are often considered difficult to interpret, and are sometimes treated as black boxes. However, whilst this complexity implies that it is difficult to understand the internal organization that develops through learning, it usually encapsulates one of the key factors for obtaining good results. First, to yield a better understanding of how artificial neural networks behave and to validate their use as knowledge discovery tools, we have examined various theoretical works in order to demonstrate the common principles underlying both certain classical artificial neural network, and statistical methods for regression and data analysis. Second, in light of these studies, we have explained the specificities of some more complex artificial neural networks, such as dynamical and modular networks, in order to exploit their respective advantages in constructing a revised model for knowledge extraction, adjusted to the complexity of the phenomena we want to model. The artificial neural networks we have combined (and the subsequent model we developed) can, starting from task data, enhance the understanding of the phenomena modelled through analysing and organising the information for the task. We demonstrate this in a practical prediction task for telecommunication, where the general domain knowledge alone is insufficient to model the phenomena satisfactorily. This leads us to conclude that the possibility for practical application of out work is broad, and that our methods can combine with those already existing in the data mining and the cognitive sciences
Moscu, Mircea. "Inférence distribuée de topologie de graphe à partir de flots de données." Thesis, Université Côte d'Azur, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020COAZ4081.
Full textThe second decade of the current millennium can be summarized in one short phrase: the advent of data. There has been a surge in the number of data sources: from audio-video streaming, social networks and the Internet of Things, to smartwatches, industrial equipment and personal vehicles, just to name a few. More often than not, these sources form networks in order to exchange information. As a direct consequence, the field of Graph Signal Processing has been thriving and evolving. Its aim: process and make sense of all the surrounding data deluge.In this context, the main goal of this thesis is developing methods and algorithms capable of using data streams, in a distributed fashion, in order to infer the underlying networks that link these streams. Then, these estimated network topologies can be used with tools developed for Graph Signal Processing in order to process and analyze data supported by graphs. After a brief introduction followed by motivating examples, we first develop and propose an online, distributed and adaptive algorithm for graph topology inference for data streams which are linearly dependent. An analysis of the method ensues, in order to establish relations between performance and the input parameters of the algorithm. We then run a set of experiments in order to validate the analysis, as well as compare its performance with that of another proposed method of the literature.The next contribution is in the shape of an algorithm endowed with the same online, distributed and adaptive capacities, but adapted to inferring links between data that interact non-linearly. As such, we propose a simple yet effective additive model which makes use of the reproducing kernel machinery in order to model said nonlinearities. The results if its analysis are convincing, while experiments ran on biomedical data yield estimated networks which exhibit behavior predicted by medical literature.Finally, a third algorithm proposition is made, which aims to improve the nonlinear model by allowing it to escape the constraints induced by additivity. As such, the newly proposed model is as general as possible, and makes use of a natural and intuitive manner of imposing link sparsity, based on the concept of partial derivatives. We analyze this proposed algorithm as well, in order to establish stability conditions and relations between its parameters and its performance. A set of experiments are ran, showcasing how the general model is able to better capture nonlinear links in the data, while the estimated networks behave coherently with previous estimates
Boittiaux-Zidani, Jacqueline. "Décompositions d'une relation." Habilitation à diriger des recherches, Grenoble 1, 1986. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00320987.
Full textChouakri, Nassim. "Identification des paramètres d'un modèle de type Monod a l'aide de réseaux de neurones artificiels." Vandoeuvre-les-Nancy, INPL, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993INPL101N.
Full textNourry, Denis. "Utilisation des réseaux de neurones pour examiner la fragmentation des roches à l'explosif et établir son influence sur la rentabilité de l'exploitation dans les carrières." Phd thesis, École Nationale Supérieure des Mines de Paris, 2002. http://pastel.archives-ouvertes.fr/pastel-00579396.
Full textKaboré, Paul P. "Une approche de test de conformité des systèmes d'administration de réseaux." Nancy 1, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995NAN10362.
Full textBocquentin, Marie. "Etude et modélisation des phénomènes d’(inter)dépendances et de défaillances en cascade au sein des réseaux techniques urbains : vers une aide à la décision pour une application à l’agglomération parisienne face à une crue majeure." Thesis, Paris Est, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020PESC2015.
Full textThe functioning of urban area is based on technical services and networks which are always more expanded, complex, dense and sophisticated. These networks, although efficient and robust in their day-to-day management, are vulnerable to major hazards and dependent on one another. Phenomena of cascading failures can then occur within these complex systems, whether at technical or organizationel level. This propagation of system-to-system failures is done through dependencies and leads to the gradual aggravation of the impacts of the initial event and the increase of the impacted area, making recovery processes more difficult and slower. The definition and characterization of these phenomena underline their importance, their complexity, their criticality, and paradoxically the lack of information related to them. These conclusions lead us to consider the interest of their study, whether before or after their occurrence, empirically or through models, in order to help stakeholders identify and predict cascading scenarios, or to consider palliatives solutions and vulnerability reduction actions. The state of the art shows that the study and modelling approaches are very varied, due to the methodologies used but also due to the absence of common definitions and the diversity of contexts. A comparative analysis for selection and application purposes seems to be delicate for a potential leading stakeholder. First, we propose a characterization of these approaches according to parameters that may correspond to the choice criteria. We then propose a more theoretical typology of these approaches, complementary to the characterization of the modeling theories used in the literature. Faced with the challenges posed by the implementation process, we are looking into the question of choosing and developing an appropriate approach for a given context, with the aim of supporting local decision-makers. The aim is to help the leaders to build an approach capable of meeting the needs and objectives of local stakeholders, despite their constraints, to operate with potentially very diverse and imperfect data, to adapt to spatial-temporal resolutions and variable granularities, but also to take advantage of the knowledge acquired by local actors and the tools and resources available. Finally, we propose several standard profiles of approaches, characterized according to the objectives pursued and the context of implementation. An application is then carried out on the Paris metropolitan area, where the risk of major flooding is particularly likely and feared. The aim is to provide elements to improve the consideration and prediction of interdependencies and cascading failures, through an in-depth context analysis, meetings with stakeholders and a survey of network operators. Proposals are made concerning feedbacks analysis and concerning vulnerability mapping currently used. The foreseeable needs for the implementation of a more substantial approach are also identified
Biaz, Saâd. "Réseaux de Petri appliqués à la conception de systèmes numériques rapides." Nancy 1, 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989NAN10276.
Full textZhang, Ming-Yu. "Apports des systèmes d'information à l'exploitation des réseaux de voies rapides. Le cas du réseau d'Ile-de-France." Phd thesis, Ecole Nationale des Ponts et Chaussées, 1995. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00529501.
Full textDhondt, Julie. "Sous le signe du Tau : de la fraternité laïque à l'abbaye, Saint-Antoine et son réseau de dépendances dans les Alpes occidentales du XIe au XVe siècle." Thesis, Lyon, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020LYSE3014.
Full textMarked by the Tau, is a research at the crossroads of religious, hospitable and social history. The lay fraternity which was born in Saint-Antoine under the impulse of two noblemen, Gaston and Guérin at the end of the eleventh century, made hospitality its primary vocation and relics of the saint, its essential purpose. Placed under the tutelage of the Abbey of Montmajour, this relationship did not hinder its expansion and the little fraternity was quickly at the head of an extensive network of dependencies. In a context of regularisation of the vita religiosa, Innocent IV transformed this first fraternal movement into a canonical order in 1247. Erected as an abbey and withdrawn from the tutelage of the Benedictines of Montmajour in 1297 by Boniface VIII, Saint-Antoine gradually became a political and religious power in the heart of the Dauphiné and Savoy. Between liturgical, devotional and hospitable practices, the canons of Saint-Antoine developed a specific propositum vitae, a middle path within the regular canons. Fully integrated into feudal society, their commitment to dauphins, kings of France and dukes of Savoy contributed to the emergence of new local aristocratic networks. Marked by the Tau is thus written the story of an original vocation struggling with the changes in feudal society
Allouche, Mohamad Khaled. "Une société d'agents temporels pour la supervision de systèmes industriels." Phd thesis, Ecole Nationale Supérieure des Mines de Saint-Etienne, 1998. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00822431.
Full textAmri, Mohamed-Hédi. "Fusion ensembliste de donn´ees pour la surveillance des personnes d´ependantes en habitat intelligent." Thesis, Orléans, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015ORLE2030/document.
Full textOur research work is a part of the project FUI 14 FEDER Collectivités E-monitor’âge. This project takes place within the framework of Ambient Assisted Living (AAL) which aims to improve the safety and the comfort of elderly people living in smart nursing homes. This work aims to monitor the activities of elderly persons using information from different sensors. The ADL (Activities of Daily Living) are used to evaluate the ability of the person to perform on their own a selection of the activities which are essential for an independent living in the everyday life. Generally, process knowledge and measurements coming from sensors are prone to indeterminable noise. In our work, we suppose that these errors are unknown but bounded. Taking into account this hypothesis, we show how to solve the estimation issue using set-membership computations techniques. Our algorithm, based on set-membership approach, consists of two steps. The prediction step, based on the use of a random walk mobility with minimum assumptions (maximum speed of moving), employs the previous state estimate to provide the prediction zone where the person may be located. The correction step uses the informations coming from the sensors to refine this predicted zone. This step uses a relaxed constraints propagation technique, q-relaxed intersection, to deal with faulty measurements. This proposed method allows us to compute the uncertainty domain for the reconstructed localization of moving targets as dealing with outliers
Bleu, Jean-Jacques. "Réseaux de télécommunication en productique : Application, intégration paramètrée des communications pour le pilotage d'ateliers flexibles." Nancy 1, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987NAN10371.
Full textAsli, Abderrazak. "Système ambulatoire de suivi de paramètres climatiques pour l'agronomie." Rouen, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997ROUES041.
Full textKandukuri, Somasekhar Reddy. "Spatio-Temporal Adaptive Sampling Techniques for Energy Conservation in Wireless Sensor Networks." Thesis, La Réunion, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016LARE0021/document.
Full textWireless sensor networks (WSNs) technology have been demonstrated to be a usefulmeasurement system for numerous bath indoor and outdoor applications. There is avast amount of applications that are operating with WSN technology, such asenvironmental monitoring, for forest fire detection, weather forecasting, water supplies, etc. The independence nature of WSNs from the existing infrastructure. Virtually, the WSNs can be deployed in any sort of location, and provide the sensor samples accordingly in bath time and space. On the contrast, the manual deployments can only be achievable at a high cost-effective nature and involve significant work. ln real-world applications, the operation of wireless sensor networks can only be maintained, if certain challenges are overcome. The lifetime limitation of the distributed sensor nodes is amongst these challenges, in order to achieve the energy optimization. The propositions to the solution of these challenges have been an objective of this thesis. ln summary, the contributions which have been presented in this thesis, address the system lifetime, exploitation of redundant and correlated data messages, and then the sensor node in terms of usability. The considerations have led to the simple data redundancy and correlated algorithms based on hierarchical based clustering, yet efficient to tolerate bath the spatio-temporal redundancies and their correlations. Furthermore, a multihop sensor network for the implementation of propositions with more features, bath the analytical proofs and at the software level, have been proposed
François, Denis. "Approche méthodologique de la mise en place d'un réseau multiservice." Phd thesis, Ecole Nationale des Ponts et Chaussées, 1994. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00520758.
Full textKatranji, Mehdi. "Apprentissage profond de la mobilité des personnes." Thesis, Bourgogne Franche-Comté, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019UBFCA024.
Full textKnowledge of mobility is a major challenge for authorities mobility organisers and urban planning. Due to the lack of formal definition of human mobility, the term "people's mobility" will be used in this book. This topic will be introduced by a description of the ecosystem by considering these actors and applications.The creation of a learning model has prerequisites: an understanding of the typologies of the available data sets, their strengths and weaknesses. This state of the art in mobility knowledge is based on the four-step model that has existed and been used since 1970, ending with the renewal of the methodologies of recent years.Our models of people's mobility are then presented. Their common point is the emphasis on the individual, unlike traditional approaches that take the locality as a reference. The models we propose are based on the fact that the intake of individuals' decisions is based on their perception of the environment.This finished book on the study of the deep learning methods of Boltzmann machines restricted. After a state of the art of this family of models, we are looking for strategies to make these models viable in the application world. This last chapter is our contribution main theoretical, by improving robustness and performance of these models
Berrebi, Johanna. "Contribution à l'intégration d'une liaison avionique sans fil. L'ingénierie système appliquée à une problématique industrielle." Phd thesis, Ecole Polytechnique X, 2013. http://pastel.archives-ouvertes.fr/pastel-00800141.
Full textDiouf, Jean Noël Dibocor. "Classification, apprentissage profond et réseaux de neurones : application en science des données." Thèse, 2020. http://depot-e.uqtr.ca/id/eprint/9555/1/eprint9555.pdf.
Full textAbd-Rabbo, Diala. "Beyond hairballs: depicting complexity of a kinase-phosphatase network in the budding yeast." Thèse, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/1866/19318.
Full textKanuparthi, Bhargav. "Towards better understanding and improving optimization in recurrent neural networks." Thesis, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/1866/24319.
Full textLes réseaux de neurones récurrents (RNN) sont connus pour leur problème de gradient d'explosion et de disparition notoire (EVGP). Ce problème devient plus évident dans les tâches où les informations nécessaires pour les résoudre correctement existent sur de longues échelles de temps, car il empêche les composants de gradient importants de se propager correctement sur un grand nombre d'étapes. Les articles écrits dans ce travail formalise la propagation du gradient dans les RNN paramétriques et semi-paramétriques pour mieux comprendre la source de ce problème. Le premier article présente un algorithme stochastique simple (h-detach) spécifique à l'optimisation LSTM et visant à résoudre le problème EVGP. En utilisant cela, nous montrons des améliorations significatives par rapport au LSTM vanille en termes de vitesse de convergence, de robustesse au taux d'amorçage et d'apprentissage, et de généralisation sur divers ensembles de données de référence. Le prochain article se concentre sur les RNN semi-paramétriques et les réseaux auto-attentifs. L'auto-attention fournit un moyen par lequel un système peut accéder dynamiquement aux états passés (stockés en mémoire), ce qui aide à atténuer la disparition des gradients. Bien qu'utile, il est difficile à mettre à l'échelle car la taille du graphe de calcul augmente de manière quadratique avec le nombre de pas de temps impliqués. Dans l'article, nous décrivons un mécanisme de criblage de pertinence, inspiré par le processus cognitif de consolidation de la mémoire, qui permet une utilisation évolutive de l'auto-attention clairsemée avec récurrence tout en assurant une bonne propagation du gradient.
Anbil, Parthipan Sarath Chandar. "On challenges in training recurrent neural networks." Thèse, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/1866/23435.
Full textIn a multi-step prediction problem, the prediction at each time step can depend on the input at any of the previous time steps far in the past. Modelling such long-term dependencies is one of the fundamental problems in machine learning. In theory, Recurrent Neural Networks (RNNs) can model any long-term dependency. In practice, they can only model short-term dependencies due to the problem of vanishing and exploding gradients. This thesis explores the problem of vanishing gradient in recurrent neural networks and proposes novel solutions for the same. Chapter 3 explores the idea of using external memory to store the hidden states of a Long Short Term Memory (LSTM) network. By making the read and write operations of the external memory discrete, the proposed architecture reduces the rate of gradients vanishing in an LSTM. These discrete operations also enable the network to create dynamic skip connections across time. Chapter 4 attempts to characterize all the sources of vanishing gradients in a recurrent neural network and proposes a new recurrent architecture which has significantly better gradient flow than state-of-the-art recurrent architectures. The proposed Non-saturating Recurrent Units (NRUs) have no saturating activation functions and use additive cell updates instead of multiplicative cell updates. Chapter 5 discusses the challenges of using recurrent neural networks in the context of lifelong learning. In the lifelong learning setting, the network is expected to learn a series of tasks over its lifetime. The dependencies in lifelong learning are not just within a task, but also across the tasks. This chapter discusses the two fundamental problems in lifelong learning: (i) catastrophic forgetting of old tasks, and (ii) network capacity saturation. Further, it proposes a solution to solve both these problems while training a recurrent neural network.