Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Réseaux de distribution HTA'
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Pham, Cong Duc. "Détection et localisation de défauts dans les réseaux de distribution HTA en présence de génération d'énergie dispersée." Grenoble INPG, 2005. https://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00164643.
Full textThis thesis concerned the fault detection and location in the distribution networks by the fault indicators (FI). The studies were carried out within the framework of the development of dispersed generation (DG) sources. The first part of the thesis consists in analyzing the FI behavior. With regard to the influence of the context of network operation on the FI response, a part is intended to verity the operation of FI models developed and the rules of FI use envisaged. Another part analyses the DG influence on the fault detection and location by FI. For improvement of the robustness of the diagnosis with FI in the case of false responses, a method of fault section determination (Iimited by FI) is proposed. The second part of the thesis presents a method of optimization of the FI placement in distribution networks. We defined various criteria for optimization; they are validated by a reliability calculation program. Taking into account the constraints on the objective function, the genetic algorithm was selected for optimization. The DG influence on the optimal FI placement is analyzed by taking account of the cost a the not provided DG energy and possible DG back-up operation
Welfonder, Till. "Localisation de défauts monophasés dans les réseaux de distribution à neutre compensé." Phd thesis, Grenoble INPG, 1998. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00824852.
Full textHe, Yujun. "Contribution au réglage de la tension sur un réseau HTA avec producteurs. Apport de la flexibilité de la demande." Thesis, CentraleSupélec, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015SUPL0005/document.
Full textGrowth of distributed generations (DG) in actual distribution networks will bring voltage issues that cannot be fixed by conventional voltage control means. For the sake of network safety, the size of DG and load in a distribution network is limited by the network parameters. The research described in this thesis aims to propose a voltage control strategy on distribution networks using the flexibility of demand. The voltage control means will consist of the on load tap changer (OLTC), the regulation of DG, and flexible demand. A centralized optimization of MINLP type is proposed to coordinate these voltage control means. It shows if it is not able to remove the voltage constraint with OLTC and reactive power regulation, then it must reduce the active power of DG. In order not to reduce active power of DG, the flexible demand is considered as an active source to take part in voltage control. The demand response (DR) modulation using thermal loads is thus proposed for voltage control. For the thermal load, the cold load pick-up (CLPU) effect must be taken into account in order not to affect the voltage profile after DR action. This work allows us to consider a voltage control strategy more active in smart distribution network and improve the flexibility of network
Lefort, Romain. "Contribution des technologies CPL et sans fil à la supervision des réseaux de distribution d'électricité." Thesis, Poitiers, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015POIT2253/document.
Full textEstablishing a supervisory infrastructure allows a better smart management than an expensive strengthening of distribution network to respond to new constraints at the energies control (Consumption, REN, EV ...). To transmit data, Power Line Communication (PLC) technologies present an advantage in this context. In fact, it enables a superposition of High Frequency (HF) signals on electrical signal 50/60 Hz. However, electric networks have not been developed to this application because of difficult propagation conditions. This research work makes a contribution to develop a simulation platform in objective to transmit data to 1 MHz. In first time, each network element is studied singly and in second time, together, to estimate "Outdoor PLC" transmission performance. The first element studied is the networks variation in function of frequency and time. Several 24h disturbance measurements on LV customers are presented. The second element is the transformers which established connection between Medium Voltage (MV) and Low Voltage (LV). The proposed modeling method is based on a "lumped model" and a "black box model". These models are applied to a 100 kVA H61 transformer most commonly used by French distribution system operator in rural and suburban networks. The third element is the power line used in MV and LV networks. The proposed modeling method is based on a "cascaded model" from the theory of transmission line. This model is applied to one power line used in LV underground network. Each model is obtained from various impedance measurements. To complete, an introductory study on mobile radio communication is performed to remote network distribution
Le, Trung Dung. "Contribution des moyens de production dispersés aux courants de défaut. Modélisation des moyens de production et algorithmes de détection de défaut." Thesis, Supélec, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014SUPL0009/document.
Full textThis research focuses on the protection of MV distribution networks with Distributed Generators (DGs), such as wind farms or photovoltaic farms, etc. First, the state of art is carried out on fault behaviour of DGs, their impacts on protection system and the mitigation solutions. Next, algorithms are developed for directional relays without voltage sensors. Based on the symmetrical component method, these algorithms help the overcurrent protections to avoid the false tripping issue due to fault contribution of DGs. With the suppression of voltage sensors, such directional relays become cheaper in comparison with the traditional ones. Following the fault detection (the phase or residual current reaches the pick-up value) and depending on fault type (line-to-ground or line-to-line fault), the ratios between the variation (before and during fault) of negative-zero sequence or negative-positive sequence currents are calculated. From these ratios, a SVM (Support Vector Machines) classifier estimates the fault direction (upstream or downstream the detector). The classifier is trained beforehand from transient simulations. This survey shows good performances of the directional algorithms with different network parameters and different kinds of DGs. Such algorithms could be implemented in protections along the feeders in the future smart grids
Caujolle, Mathieu. "Identification et caractérisation des perturbations affectant les réseaux électriques HTA." Phd thesis, Supélec, 2011. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00650911.
Full textLAZAR-MOCANU, LAZAR INES, and J. M. ESCANE. "Simplification d'un modele de reseau de distribution hta avec la methode d'agregation." Paris 6, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995PA066134.
Full textʿAllūš, I. S. "Classification et caracterisation des defauts monophases sur les reseaux de distribution hta." Paris 6, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997PA066600.
Full textVALENTI, ARNAUD. "Localisation de defauts monophases a la terre dans les reseaux de distribution hta." Paris 6, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000PA066465.
Full textAmiel-Cosme, Laurence. "Les réseaux de distribution." Paris 1, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994PA010296.
Full textThe distribution network is an entiry organized with the sum of individual wills, joining together a supplier, the integrator, and several resellers, integrated distributors. This device gives birth to principal standard agreements linked to accessory contracts creating a group of synallagmatical contracts, concluded in the common interest of its members in order to organize the resale of products and or service supplies to a final consumer, on a determined market. Defined as above, the criteria to create a distributioin network are the following : first, to exist, the network must be based on a plurality of individual wills joining together a supplier to a multitude of distributors, which could be materialized in a group of standard agreements. Second, the creation of the network implies putting capital contributions in common. The distributors place at the network disposal their professional skills. Moreover, the rendering of services of the ones who acquire the title of integrated distributor may involves thatthe multiplicity of intuitus personae links be placed at the disposal of an intuitus firmae. As for the integrator, the placing at disposal of a commercial sign or equipment allows to adopt the qualification of network capital contribution. Besides, being a member of this network materializes the existence of an affectio cooperandi which reflects a real will to collaborate, in good faith and at the same legal level, to the development of the common goal. Finally, there is no responsability for losses and profits of the network. Each membre, as a legal independant entity, acts at his her own risks. The distribution network is the appropriate form to face the legal reality in addition to the economical one, without the necessity for the legislative power to recognize a legal entity to this association of persons
Randriamialy, Rakotomalala Haliravaka. "Réseaux de distribution et Internet." Toulouse 1, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012TOU10015.
Full textBeligha, Yvan. "Réseaux de distribution et protection." Thesis, Bordeaux, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019BORD0297.
Full textIf the reality of the network is not in doubt, its legal recognition still has to be ratified. It is generally presented as a sum of contracts organizing relations between the supplier and its distributors. This results in a double consequence. From an internal point of view, only the bilateral link established between the supplier and each distributor is privileged, so that the protection in the network is only equivalent to the protection of the parties to the contract. Still, the asymmetry of power between the parties and the distributor's dependence may give rise to fears of abuses on the part of the supplier, imbalances that the law of obligations and competition try to stem. From an external point of view, the network is devoid of any legal consistency with regard to third parties, this is particularly evident in the context of parallel trade for which it is considered that the existence of the network is not sufficient to prohibit third parties to resell in parallel. The value of the network and the damage done to it are therefore not taken into account. The objective of this study is therefore to integrate the existence of the network within the existing intrinsic and extrinsic protection regime. Highlighting the holistic dimension of the network will lead us from the current protection regime by integrating the impact and consideration of the network
Mardenalom, Yannick. "Etude comparative des réseaux de distribution." Montpellier 1, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999MON10016.
Full textDubarry, Marie. "Les réseaux de distribution et l'internet." Toulouse 1, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003TOU10016.
Full textProfessional retailing business is changed by a new communication tool : the internet (instantaneousness, interactivity and internationality. Each actor of existing distribution networks which are selective, exclusive selling and franchise agreement want to integrate this new selling tool. The communication dematerialization sets problems : the legality to using the internet in accordance with law texts, case law and network contracts in progress, new objective conditions for the admission in this electronic distribution network, technical modes to respect exclusive rights within a given territory. New intermediation distribution networks are born : electronic affiliation contract allows making known trademark and products to anyone due to hypertext. It is a brokerage contract. There are electronic marketplaces which have arisen. Thet gather buyers and suppliers on a same electronic infrastructure : e-marketplaces are brokers. These platforms sell other services like stock management from afar. So, electronic market places create problems in accordance with concentration law, restrictive practices, abuse of dominant position and essential facilities law. These new electronic distribution networks create property business with tangible and intangible assets of business
Sua, Mehmet. "Les effets des réseaux de distribution." Thesis, Montpellier 1, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010MON10064.
Full textThe analysis of the collective dimension of distribution networks in Turkish law reveals to observe in concrete the legal effects induced between the network members by the interlacing of bilateral contracts. It is important to note that the network is not formed by simple addition of contracts but with interlacing of contracts that produce legal effects for all contractors. This research applies to highlight how far a network can develop responsibilities and obligations to its members and aims to systematize the general rules of network which can organize these induced effects while respecting the limits of the law of contract. In the absence of a contractual provision, the network rules can be induced at the expense of the adherents are very small compared to those induced at the expense of the promoter, since the adherents do not have the power of directing the network comparable to the promoter's. On the one hand, adherents of the same network cannot act in their function as distributor as if he does not belong to the same network, in other words, each member has a duty to consider the other adherents in the accomplishment of its obligations, since it is about obligations where the non-execution affects the business of other members or the common image of the network, on the other hand, being the founder and permanent director of a contractual system, the promoter has the obligation to assure the coherence and cohesion of the network
Briceno, Vicente Wendy Carolina. "Modélisation des réseaux de distribution sous incertitudes." Phd thesis, Université de Grenoble, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00736141.
Full textMarx, Valérie. "La dimension collective des réseaux de distribution." Montpellier 1, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008MON10043.
Full textModrzejewski, Remigiusz. "Distribution et Stockage de Contenus dans les Réseaux." Phd thesis, Université Nice Sophia Antipolis, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00917032.
Full textBriceno, vicente Wendy carolina. "Modélisation stochastique des réseaux de distribution sous incertitude." Phd thesis, Université de Grenoble, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00845650.
Full textBriceño, Vicente Wendy Carolina. "Modélisation stochastique des réseaux de distribution sous incertitude." Thesis, Grenoble, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012GRENT053/document.
Full textThe recent developments in power systems, as consequence of the market deregulation and the international treaties, as the ones originated by the Kyoto Protocol, have serious repercussions in power networks. Particularly on distribution networks, given that a large amount of distributed generation units are connected in the grid. For instance, renewable energy sources, that are used as distributed generation, are well-known for being distributed in nature and highly unpredictable. This fact adds a strong constraint on planning and operating the distribution networks that were not originally designed to accommodate distributed generation on a large scale. To this aim, this thesis examines the impact of uncertainties on classical power system planning studies, where classical static and dynamic planning studies are carried out in several power networks taking into account some sources of uncertainty. These uncertainties are modeled in the static studies using a probabilistic and a possibilistic approach. The possibilistic approach offers good advantages over the probabilistic method in terms of time consumption and precision. The maximum wind power penetration is determined for a small mesh network by the probabilistic method using dynamic and static stability simulations of the power system
Borissova, Miroslava Andonova. "L' investisseur face aux réseaux de distribution d'OPCVM." Strasbourg, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010STRA4023.
Full textThe UCITS directive is one of the most important regulations in the field of the investment funds. As tributaries of the imagination of professionals, the various UCITS distribution networks are constantly evolving. Spurred on by open architecture, important changes in the UCITS distribution area ensued. Bearing in mind the reorganization of the distribution networks; the question of the adequate protection of non-professional investors’ interests becomes all the more important. The UCITS subscriber is confronted with a multitude of intermediaries subject to various sets of laws and national statutes. The regulatory environment on the matter proves to be particularly complex. There is no coherent framework for the distribution models of these coordinated funds. Ensuring clarity in the regulations is necessary, in particular because of the existing dependence between the quality of protection of the investors and the structure adopted by the distribution networks. The creation of a harmonized mode of UCITS distribution appears to be the most suitable way to provide a better framework for relations between the UCITS subscribers and their direct interlocutors–the distributors
Gladkikh, Egor. "Optimisation de l'architecture des réseaux de distribution d'énergie électrique." Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes (ComUE), 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015GREAT055/document.
Full textTo cope with the changes in the energy landscape, electrical distribution networks are submitted to operational requirements in order to guarantee reliability indices. In the coming years, big investments are planned for the construction of flexible, consistent and effective electrical networks, based on the new architectures, innovative technical solutions and in response to the development of renewable energy. Taking into account the industrial needs of the development of future distribution networks, we propose in this thesis an approach based on the graph theory and combinatorial optimization for the design of new architectures for distribution networks. Our approach is to study the general problem of finding an optimal architecture which respects a set of topological (redundancy) and electrical (maximum current, voltage plan) constraints according to precise optimization criteria: minimization of operating cost (OPEX) and minimization of investment (CAPEX). Thus, the two families of combinatorial problems (and their relaxations) were explored to propose effective resolutions (exact or approximate) of the distribution network planning problem using an adapted formulation. We are particularly interested in 2-connected graphs and the arborescent flow problem with minimum quadratic losses. The comparative results of tests on the network instances (fictional and real) for the proposed methods were presented
Diop, Fallilou. "Analyses probabilistes pour l'étude des réseaux électriques de distribution." Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018SACLC055/document.
Full textThe current changes on the electrical system bring out economic and technical issues in the management of the latter. Among these issues, the impact of distributed generation and VEs on the technical constraints of the distribution network. The aim of this thesis is to study probabilistic models to estimate the impacts of photovoltaic production and electrical vehicles on medium and low voltage distribution networks. Two different probabilistic models of production and consumption were studied : one based on the fitting of historical data by one probability density function, the other one based on the data clustered in groups defined by a standard profile and a probability of occurrence. Three probabilistic load flow technics have been studied in this thesis. The first is based on the Monte Carlo simulation method, the second is based on the PEM approximation method and the last, based on the use of clustering, is called pseudo Monte Carlo method
Claeys, Gérald. "Modélisation de la production indépendante dans les réseaux de distribution." Phd thesis, Grenoble INPG, 2001. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00597652.
Full textBiserica, Monica ionela. "Observabilité et reconstitution d'état des réseaux de distribution du futur." Phd thesis, Université de Grenoble, 2011. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00721967.
Full textLehmann, Marjorie. "L'accès aux réseaux de distribution publique d'électricité en France métropolitaine." Thesis, Strasbourg, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013STRAA035.
Full textThe evolution of the internal electricity market in France is following the wave of liberalization at the instigation of the European Union law. However, the electricity distribution system is maintained under the monopoly of the national historical operators. Even if this situation seems questionable, the current system, under the control of the national regulator, is satisfactory, allows third parties to access to the distribution networks under transparent and non discriminatory conditions and assures tariff equalization essential to the balance between territories. In addition, the management of the electrical network is provided consistently at an appropriate scale allowing mutualisation of infrastructure costs and ensuring the role of local authorities. An opening to competition of the activity would result in a more complex system and would present only a very limited impact in tenns of better pricing. In any case, it would imply an overhaul of the established system
Biserica, Monica Ionela. "Observabilité et reconstitution d'état des réseaux de distribution du futur." Thesis, Grenoble, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011GRENT085/document.
Full textIn the future, distribution networks will become intelligent and active and will be operated as close as possible to their limits, with the advent of deregulation and with the introduction of mass production that will lead to a decentralized infrastructure, this will guide to an optimization of energy for environmental issues in one side, but also to the introduction of competition in a sector once monopolistic. If the potential of distributed generation in the distribution networks is to be fully exploited, we will make these networks observable through measures which will be integrated into supervision systems and control, because without observability and reconstruction of network status, control network is impossible. For a large distribution network (a few thousand nodes), with an important quantity of distributed generation, real-time observability becomes very difficult. In the scientific literature, there is no work taking into consideration intelligent networks and reconfigurable of the future with decentralized mass power generation. The challenge of the project will be to develop algorithms of reconstruction of the state of the network, taking into account the characteristics of the networks of the future, to validate and integrate them into management tools distribution networks. The reconstruction of the state will assist in the automation and hence the introduction of intelligence in the distribution networks of the future and the insertion massive distributed generation
Achir, Nadjib. "Distribution de la vidéo multi-objets dans les réseaux hétérogènes." Paris 6, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003PA066499.
Full textCaire, Raphaël. "Gestion de la production décentralisée dans les réseaux de distribution." Grenoble INPG, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004INPG0084.
Full textDeregulations of the energy market, followed by many privatizations, and vertical disintegrations brought a complete reorganization of the electric sector. The opening of the energy markets as well as the technological developments of the means of production of small and average power strongly encourage this evolution. A systematic methodology to study the transmission of impacts between the Low and Medium Voltage is initially proposed, after a quick state of the art of the various possible impacts. The voltage deviattion is then identified as the most critical impact. This criticality is supported by quantitative studies on French typical networks, and is confirmed by the related literature. In order to solve this impact, a research of the means of action within tension of the distribution network and their modeling is carried out. As the manipulated variables of the means of adjustment available are discrete or continuous, specific tools are then developed to coordinate them. This coordination is pressed on optimization algorithms developed by holding account of inherent specificity with the manipulated variables. A methodology for the choice or optimal location of the adjustment means associated with a management of the voltage deviation is presented. Lastly, "decentralized" strategies of coordination for the means of adjustment and a proposal for a experimental validation are presented, thanks to a real time simulator, making it possible to test the strategies of coordination and the necessary means of communication
Dias, De Amorim Marcelo. "Distribution de flux en couches dans les réseaux multicast hétérogènes." Versailles-St Quentin en Yvelines, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001VERS009V.
Full textXu, Jianhong. "Filtrage actif parallèle des harmoniques des réseaux de distribution d'électricité." Vandoeuvre-les-Nancy, INPL, 1994. http://docnum.univ-lorraine.fr/public/INPL_T_1994_XU_J.pdf.
Full textLaurent, Patrick. "Colonisation bactérienne des réseaux de distribution :étude expérimentale et modélisation." Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 1995. http://hdl.handle.net/2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/212600.
Full textSidqi, Yousra. "Analyse et planification fractales des réseaux électriques du futur." Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes (ComUE), 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019GREAT089.
Full textUrban infrastructure analysis has shifted recently from the original considerations about housing and urban segregation to a more systemic view of new facilities and utilities taking into consideration urban metabolism and vulnerabilities, smart cities, communication networks and urban networks (water, roads,..). Complex relationships between the urban structure and daily mobility were investigated and scrutinized in the literature.Power systems are a key infrastructure of smart cities. They are supposed to become in the future more and more scaling because they are made of recursive assembly of active devices, smart buildings, micro-grids, district grids…Studying the relationships of the power grid with related networks within this urban structure is getting more attention as part of planning more sustainable, energy efficient future cities.Classical approaches used to investigate power systems are mono-scale; hence they do not allow to comprehend complex systems with structural elements often belonging to different scales. Understanding this complexity helps design flexible and resilient architectures for the optimization of smart grids operations. This is a major challenge to increase efficiency and to avoid or better manage random breakdowns.Moreover, at an urban level, power networks provide energy access to buildings. Their spatial development should thus be correlated to built-up patterns. We may as well expect that power networks go through existing corridors, which means here the street networks. Therefore, it seems interesting to explore to what extent the current power grid fits the existing built-up spaces and road network. This will lead to a better perception of how the current power grid spatial coverage is with regard to the road network. These results would ultimately be used to propose a reconfiguration of the existing urban structures but and also a new architecture for future planning of urban districts.Traditional models such as complex networks theory, stochastic geometry or random graph do not consider geometrical, functional and dynamical aspects of a city and its associated networks at the same time. Hence, we carry out a fractal-based approach to analyze the properties of power systems and understand their organization across scales. To show the usefulness of our approach, results are shown for Grenoble’s Medium Voltage network but also on the LV network of the Franche-Comté region. We will focus on the structural concordance between the power grid, the road network and the buildings.Fractal geometry has been widely and rather successfully used for over twenty years in disciplines like meteorology, biology, physics, thermodynamics, art, history, philosophy of seismology but also in geography. While considering urban fabrics, fractal analysis turned out to be a powerful instrument for exploring their spatial organization. Public transportation networks were considered as well and showed a connection between both built-up spaces and street networks.The fractal approach is geometrical, which makes it possible to study spatial phenomena either by using reference models or morphometric fractal measurements. By using fractal measurements, we can verify the existence of hierarchical scaling laws in spatial distributions. Being able to study a phenomenon throughout different scales provides the possibility of discovering thresholds or breaks within spatial organization.Urban fabrics and related networks are usually not issued from any coherent planning process and show no obvious specific organization. However, they are deeply multiscale, reaching the metropolitan scale to that of buildings. Hence, using fractals seems to be an interesting way to characterize these forms and unravel the complexity of underlying layers, which is a step further than classical Euclidian approaches
El, Dick Manal. "P2P Infrastruture for content distribution." Nantes, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009NANT2127.
Full textLe Web connaît ces dernières années un essor important qui implique la mise en place de nouvelles solutions de distribution de contenu répondant aux exigences de performance, passage à l’échelle et robustesse. De plus, le Web 2. 0 a favorisé la participation et la collaboration entre les utilisateurs tout en mettant l’accent sur les systèmes P2P qui reposent sur un partage de ressources et une collaboration décentralisée. Nous avons visé, à travers cette thèse, la construction d’une infrastructure P2P pour la distribution de contenu. Toutefois, cette tâche est difficile étant donné le comportement dynamique et autonome des pairs ainsi que la nature des overlays P2P. Dans une première étape, nous nous intéressons au partage de fichiers en P2P. Nous abordons le problème de consommation de bande passante sous deux angles : l’inefficacité de la recherche et les transferts de fichiers longue distance. Notre solution Locaware consiste à mettre en cache des index de fichiers avec des informations sur leurs localités. Elle fournit également un support efficace pour les requêtes par mots clés qui sont courantes dans ce genre d’applications. Dans une deuxième étape, nous élaborons une infrastructure CDN P2P qui permet à tout site populaire et sous-provisionné de distribuer son contenu, par l’intermédiaire de sa communauté d’utilisateurs intéressés. Pour un routage efficace, l’infrastructure Flower-CDN combine intelligemment différents types d’overlays avec des protocoles épidémiques tout en exploitant les intérêts et les localités des pairs. PetalUp-CDN assure le passage à l’échelle alors que les protocoles de maintenance garantissent la robustesse face à la dynamicité des pairs. Nous évaluons nos solutions au travers de simulations intensives ; les résultats montrent des surcoûts acceptables et d’excellentes performances, en termes de taux de hit et de temps de réponse
Pacheco, Laurent. "Evaluation des technologies en santé : organisation institutionnelle et stratégie des firmes pharmaceutiques." Thesis, Paris Sciences et Lettres (ComUE), 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016PSLED004.
Full textHTA and institutions: 3 international networks of HTA agencies aim at increasing the efficiency of HTA globally. The theories of Network Economics provide tools to describe and analyse issues around the optimal size of the networks, the informational structure, the risks of early standard adoption of inertia and quality deficiencies.HTA and companies: early advice provided by HTA agencies to pharmaceutical firms in a means for companies to mitigate risks. From the agencies perspective this activity could be developped in a competitive fashion according to the theories of industrial econmics
Canard, Jean-François. "Impact de la génération d'énergie dispersée dans les réseaux de distribution." Grenoble INPG, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000INPG0137.
Full textPower systems are undergoing profound changes due to the deregulation of the power industry. One of the consequences of this deregulation is the emergence of dispersed generation in distribution networks. The introduction of this generation within the existing distribution networks cao have important effects that should he carefully assessed. This thesis deals with the identification and assessment of these impacts on distribution networks (voltage, short-circuit currents, stability, critical clearing time. . . ). These impacts are highlighted by using dynamic simulations and by using small signaIs theory tools (eigenvalues and participation factors). Furthennore, several optimisation algorithms are used in order to insert this dispersed generation in the existing distribution networks in an optimum way (security, enhanced performances. . . ). Optimisation algorithms (algorithm of Minimax, genetics, simplex and simulated annealing) are also implemented to irnprove the voltage profile of distribution networks with dispersed generation. In addition, sorne of these algorithms are used to coordinate the gains contained in the controllers of the dispersed generations in order to improve the stability of the networks. Influence indices are also defined in arder to identify the influence areas ofthe dispersed generation on the distribution networks
Berseneff, Boris. "Réglage de la tension dans les réseaux de distribution du futur." Phd thesis, Université de Grenoble, 2010. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00575940.
Full textNguyen, Trung Hieu. "Mécanismes décisionnels pour la reconfiguration dynamique des réseaux de distribution électrique." Phd thesis, Grenoble INPG, 2010. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00480137.
Full textThomas, Vincent. "Ecologie de Legionella pneumophila dans les réseaux de distribution d'eau potable." Phd thesis, Université Paris Sud - Paris XI, 2004. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00116971.
Full textL'objectif de ce travail était de mieux comprendre cette écologie. Des incubateurs permettant le prélèvement de biofilm ont été installés in situ dans un réseau, la colonisation en eau froide et en eau chaude a été suivie pendant 1 an. Par ailleurs, un pilote reproduisant un réseau intérieur permis de comparer l'efficacité de différents traitements de désinfection. Enfin, la recherche de molécules auto-inductrices qui pourraient expliquer l'exacerbation de la virulence lors de la multiplication intra-cellulaire a été menée dans différentes conditions.
Les incubateurs ont permis l'amplification de la quantité de légionelles, rendant possible la détection par culture en eau froide et entraînant une stabilisation de la population en eau chaude. L'utilisation de sondes spécifiques n'a pas permis d'améliorer la détection dans les biofilms.
Lors des essais sur pilote, les populations des biofilms ont été analysées grâce à des méthodes moléculaires (FISH, marquage de vitalité) et par culture. Le classement des traitements par ordre d'efficacité décroissante est le suivant : dioxyde de chlore > chlore > ozone > monochloramine > cuivre-argent. Seul le dioxyde de chlore montre une activité résiduelle dans les bras morts rincés quotidiennement avec de l'eau traitée. Les amibes résistent aux traitements, et Lp retrouve son niveau de population initial quelques jours seulement après leur interruption.
Enfin, aucune sécrétion d'auto-inducteur n'a été mise en évidence, et l'incubation de Lp avec ces molécules ne semble pas modifier l'invasion des amibes.
Bruschi, Julien. "Caractérisation du phénomène d'îlotage non-intentionnel dans les réseaux de distribution." Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes (ComUE), 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016GREAT058/document.
Full textA high penetration of distributed generators (DGs) on the electrical networks brings new challenges for distribution system operators (DSO). Unintentional islanding is one of them; it is a situation when a part of the network is disconnected from the main grid but remains supplied by local generation. Though this was unlikely to occur before, the likelihood of this situation seems to increase with a higher penetration of DGs, and it leads to several issues since the frequency and the voltage in the island are not governed by the main grid anymore. Moreover, new requirements tend to increase the upper frequency threshold of the interface protection to prevent a system wide event. This could lead to an increase of the likelihood of undetected islanding. This thesis is a contribution to a better understanding of this phenomenon and its detection. First, laboratory experiences were conducted to prove its existence. Then, real data have been analyzed in order to define the typical duration of voltage presence after the trip of a protection feeder. Two case studies are introduced in the next part. The first one consists in assessing the likelihood of a single-phase fault on medium voltage networks that would generally not be detected by low voltage (LV) generation. The second one concerns numerical simulations and shows the impact of the load model on the frequency behavior of the island. The third part of this work assesses the impact of new regulations in the photovoltaic inverters on the non-detection zones of interface protections. Finally, the last part introduces a study regarding the impact of the natural dispersion of interface protection settings on the stability of an electrical system when a system wide event occurs
Binot, Ferréol. "Modélisation et estimation de paramètres des réseaux de distribution basse tension." Thesis, université Paris-Saclay, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020UPAST024.
Full textThe development of new uses, driven by energy transition requirements, mainly on low-voltage (LV) networks, requires the development of more innovative tools for network management and planning. The development of these new tools requires a very good knowledge of the actual state and parameters of LV networks. The work of this thesis focuses on the development of state (SE) and parameter (PE) estimation algorithms dedicated to LV networks.To carry out the development of these algorithms, we have improved the characterization and modelling of LV cables by taking into account the impact of external parameters on the impedance matrix and the voltage profile. This model uses the 4×4 impedance matrix and takes into account the earthing resistances. This study will serve as a building block for both algorithms.The SE algorithm is based on the WLS algorithm and the augmented matrix method. For its development, we have adapted its quantities by taking into account the particularities of LV networks. This algorithm allows to obtain an increased accuracy of the network voltage profile (including the neutral to earth voltage) and gives accurate results even in case of errors or suppressed measurements. The algorithm will improve the operation of LV networks. The PE algorithm, which is based on the augmented vector algorithm, estimates both the lengths of the links and also directly the external conditions (conductor temperature). Thus, this algorithm corrects the data present in geographical information systems and gives a perfect knowledge of the network topology. The planning and operation of LV networks will be easier even with the development of new uses
Haudidier-Bornert, Catherine. "Contribution à l'étude des biofilms des réseaux de distribution d'eau d'alimentation." Nancy 1, 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989NAN10499.
Full textAllard, Géraud. "Distribution des ressources et routage dans les réseaux mobiles ad hoc." Paris 6, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005PA066259.
Full textWang, Yuqi. "Suivi de l’état de santé des réseaux de distribution de chaleur." Thesis, Lille, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019LIL1I016.
Full textCompanies managing district heat networks, provide energy services to customers. Faced with rising energy costs and increasingly stringent regulatory and societal pressures, these energy service companies are seeking to control the system energy efficiency, aiming at improving their competitiveness and social image. In this context, the industrial needs to monitor the energy efficiency of the energy distribution system and its health state, in order to perform maintenance operations in case of problems. Due to the large amount of data and the desired short reaction time, it is necessary to develop methods to support the operator in the health state monitoring and in the maintenance decision-making process. These methods aim at providing appropriate health indicators of system's components, whose evolutions are easy to be interpreted by operators. Behavioral models of heat networks are used on the one hand to generate these indicators, and on the other hand to establish the links between component faults and their impacts on energy efficiency of the network. These links are analyzed to search for monitorable subsystems, i.e. to verify whether the faults to be monitored are structurally detectable, and to guide the indicators generation. Static models are retained for their genericity, simplicity of development, of calculation and of interpretation. Indicators generated using static models must be calculated when the system is operating in steady state. For this reason, we propose a method to determine the steady state time-windows. The computed indicators are then analyzed to give to the operator an information on the system's health state. Structural analysis shows that an indicator can be sensitive to different faults, and that a fault can influence the values of several indicators. The evolutions of these indicators can therefore be correlated. In order to use the information of the correlation between the indicators to isolate the fault,indicators values are analyzed in the space of indicators. We propose a dynamic clustering method to help the operator to monitor the health state of the network.The proposed approach is applied on a heat network plant managed by Veolia, the industrial partner of this thesis, using the data recorded during two months. The results show the efficiency of the proposed tools and methods
Richard, Sophie-Anna. "L'appartenance à un réseau de distribution : contribution à l'étude des réseaux." Thesis, Montpellier 1, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012MON10029.
Full textWhat is a distribution network ? The question may surprise a few given the acceptance of the notion. However, we have to notice that this notion has not reached its quest of identity. The first part of the research aims at verifying the founding principles of each theory. Actually, it appears that the distribution network finds its place beyond the group of contracts qualification and below the qualification of Institution. Based on a group of contracts, it reveals its institutional aspects through the existence of private standards, relations of power and the sharing of an identity. These elements invite to see a community there organized around a public interest having an existence different from that of the members. Nevertheless, the analysis of the distribution network prevents from considering that it constitutes such a community. From then on, the research for the legal nature of the distribution network allows to move forward that this notion is inflexible in the existing legal categories.The second part of the research aims at asserting the particularisms of the notion of distribution network. The distribution network is characterized by an original synergy. Its legal regime builds itself on an arbitration between the diverse interests concerned by the existence of this structure. These reports allow to move forward that it constitutes a notion convenient to the elaboration of a legal category gathering multipartite organization, based on a group of contracts and a relationship without subordination, that are symbolized by a synergy that involves the allocation of material and human resources to the simultaneous development of both the global economic activity and the activity of each member of the group, creating a synergy between their different but convergent own personal interests, source of mutual interest
Swaminathan, Bhargav Prasanna. "Gestion prévisionnelle des réseaux actifs de distribution - relaxation convexe sous incertitude." Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes (ComUE), 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017GREAT039/document.
Full textPower systems are faced by the rising shares of distributed renewable energy sources (DRES) and the deregulation of the electricity system. Distribution networks and their operators (DSO) are particularly at the front-line. The passive operational practives of many DSOs today have to evolve to overcome these challenges. Active Distribution Networks (ADN), and Active Network Management (ANM) have been touted as a potential solution. In this context, DSOs will streamline investment and operational decisions, creating a cost-effective framework of operations. They will evolve and take up new roles and optimally use flexibility to perform, for example, short-term op- erational planning of their networks. However, the development of such methods poses particular challenges. They are related to the presence of discrete elements (OLTCs and reconfiguration), the use of exogenous (external) flexibilities in these networks, the non-linear nature of optimal power flow (OPF) calculations, and uncertainties present in forecasts. The work leading to this thesis deals with and overcomes these challenges. First, a short-term economic analysis is done to ascertain the utilisation costs of flexibilities. This provides a common reference for different flexibilities. Then, exact linear flexibility models are developed using mathematical reformulation techniques. The OPF equations in operational planning are then convexified using reformulation techniques as well. The mixed-integer convex optimisation model thus developed, called the novel OP formulation, is exact and can guarantee globally optimal solutions. Simulations on two test networks allow us to evaluate the performance of this formulation. The uncertainty in DRES forecasts is then handled via three different formulations developed in this thesis. The best performing formulations under uncertainty are determined via comparison framework developed to test their performance
Gotzig, Bernhard. "Recherche du schéma optimal d'exploitation d'un réseau de distribution électrique." Grenoble INPG, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997INPG0209.
Full textThe aim of this thesis is the exploration of the do main of the optimisation of the radial topology of a distribution system for different operation states on a real time basis. We have therefore developed several powerful computation utilities, especially a unified approach which may be used both for the optimisation in the normal state and for finding a restoration plan for the isolated llnfalllted areas in the case of an OLltage of an element in the network. In arder to satisfy the real time constraint, we have L1sed heuristic methods which permit the global optimum to be approached effeciently within a very short computation time. The verification of the results obtained by the heuristic methods is done using optimisation methods which are more dedicated for the research of the global optimum. In validating the proposed method with reallarge scale distribution networks, we have shown the efficiency of our approach in both computation time and the quality of the results
Mathieu, Fabien. "Autour du pair-à-pair : distribution de contenus, réseaux à préférences acycliques." Habilitation à diriger des recherches, Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris VI, 2009. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00667414.
Full textMegdiche, Malik. "Sûreté de fonctionnement des réseaux de distribution en présence de production décentralisée." Phd thesis, Grenoble INPG, 2004. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00393077.
Full textBoucher, Marie-Amélie. "Modélisation hydrologique probabiliste par réseaux de neurones : calibration de la distribution prédictive." Thesis, Université Laval, 2006. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2006/24021/24021.pdf.
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