Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Réseaux électriques d'interconnexion – Automatisation'
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Enacheanu, Octavian. "Modélisation fractale des réseaux électriques." Phd thesis, Université Joseph Fourier (Grenoble), 2008. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00366184.
Full textEnacheanu, Octavian. "Modélisation fractale des réseaux électriques." Phd thesis, Grenoble 1, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008GRE10159.
Full textSince twenty years, a particular attention is focused on the study of electrical networks to improve their design, their quality and safety and at least their performance. Indeed, these electrical networks become more complex with the emergence of new sources of energy of various kinds and the rise of electronic devices which connect or control devices. These changes lead to numerous issues of analysis and design of modern electrical power networks. To solve them, the authors propose an original approach of modelling and analysis based on non-integer order systems. This approach can be applied to global power networks or to one of their components (e. G. Electrical machines, fuel cell, loads). More specifically, the first aim of this PhD concerns the application of fractal theory to the dynamic modelling of electrical systems in order to obtain knowledge models which are more accurate and of reduced order. Then, this report highlights the links between fractal geometry of electrical systems, frequency performance and non-integer order modelling. The second objective is the application of non-integer order models to stability studies of electrical systems
Dagues, Bruno. "Conception et réalisation d'un générateur automatique de programmes de simulation SOSIE : application aux ensembles convertisseurs-machines-commandes." Toulouse, INPT, 1990. http://www.theses.fr/1990INPT014H.
Full textKzaz, Larbi. "Étude et définition de topologies nouvelles de communication à hautes performances dans un système multiprocesseur." Lille 1, 1985. http://www.theses.fr/1985LIL10132.
Full textEl, Aimani Salma. "Modélisation des différentes technologies d'éoliennes intégrées dans un réseau de moyenne tension." Ecole Centrale de Lille, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004ECLI0004.
Full textGonzalez-Torres, Juan Carlos. "Transient stability of high voltage AC-DC electric transmission systems." Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019SACLS041.
Full textThe new policy frameworks adopted by national authorities has encouraged the large scale-integration of Renewable Energy Systems (RES) into bulk power systems. The large-scale integration of RES will have consequences on the electricity transmission system as it is conceived today, since the transmission of bulk power over long distances could lead the existing transmission systems to work close to their limits, thus decreasing their dynamic security margins. Therefore more complex transmissions systems are needed.Under this scenario, HVDC transmission systems raise as the most attractive solution for the reinforcement and improvement of existing AC networks, not only using point-to-point configurations, but also in a Multi-Terminal configuration. The introduction of HVDC transmission systems will eventually result in a hybrid high voltage AC/DC power system, which requires to be analyzed as a unique system in order to understand the interactions between the AC network and the DC grid.This thesis addresses the transient stability analysis of hybrid AC/DC electric transmission systems. More in particular, two questions sought to be investigated: What is the impact of a DC contingency on AC transient stability? How can we take advantage of the of DC transmission systems as control inputs in order to enhance AC transient stability?In the first part of this work, the mathematical models of the hybrid AC/DC grid are described as well as the necessary tools for the analysis of the system taking into account its nonlinear nature. Then, a thorough analysis of transient stability of the power system in the particular case of a DC fault and the execution of the corresponding protection strategies is done. As a complement, stability indicators and tools for sizing future MTDC grids in order to respect the constraints of existing protection strategies are proposed.The second part of the thesis addresses the control proposals for the modulation of power references of the HVDC transmission systems with the purpose of transient stability enhancement of the surrounding AC system. Firstly, we focus our study in the nonlinear control of point-to-point HVDC links in hybrid corridors. Fast power compensation, injection of damping power and injection of synchronizing power are identified as the mechanisms through which HVDC systems can improve stability margins.Finally, a control strategy for transient stability enhancement via active power injections of an MTDC grid is proposed. Using communication between the stations, the proposed decentralized control injects damping and synchronizing power between each pair of converters using only measurements at the converters level. The proposed implementation allows to fully use the available headroom of the converters by dealing with power limits in a decentralized way
Ahmidi, Amir. "Participation de parcs de production éolienne au réglage de la tension et de la puissance réactive dans les réseaux électriques." Phd thesis, Ecole Centrale de Lille, 2010. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00590371.
Full textCoutard, Olivier. "UNE ANALYSE ÉCONOMIQUE DE L'ACCÈS AUX RÉSEAUX ÉLECTRIQUES D'INTERCONNEXION." Phd thesis, Ecole Nationale des Ponts et Chaussées, 1994. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00345062.
Full textrécentes dans le secteur électrique, leurs modalités et leurs enjeux. La seconde traite des questions d'efficacité tarifaire des prix d'accès. La troisième enfin aborde la question de la réglementation et, plus généralement, de la régulation d'un système électrique ouvert.
Le premier chapitre vise à décortiquer in concreto les relations de dépendance mutuelle, d'interpénétration entre les considérations économiques et les considérations extra économiques (i.e. réglementaires au sens large ou même politiques) dans l'organisation industrielle traditionnelle (on peut parler de modèle) du secteur électrique dans les sociétés développées.
Nous analysons le rôle essentiel du couple interconnexion/ intégration dans cette organisation.
C'est cet équilibre complexe qui est globalement remis en cause par les évolutions réglementaires récentes, auxquelles est consacré le deuxième
chapitre. La perspective adoptée dans l'analyse nous permet d'expliciter les principaux enjeux de ces évolutions : promotion de l'efficacité économique
(au sens large) ; préservation des conditions d'exercice de différentes missions 'de service public' (ou 'd'intérêt économique général'). Nous tentons de
préciser le plus finement possible les termes économiques dans lesquels ces enjeux se présentent aux réglementeurs du secteur électrique.
Le troisième chapitre débute l'étude plus normative du problème des prix d'accès. La notion de coût marginal de court terme de transport, qui
soulève ici des problèmes conceptuels inusités, y est présentée et discutée. Nous étudions en particulier les limitations à l'efficacité de ces coûts
marginaux qui résultent de la présence d'externalités, de problèmes informationnels et de l'existence de coûts de transaction.
Nous poursuivons cette démarche dans le quatrième chapitre, en étudiant d'une part les conséquences pratiques en termes d'efficacité des indivisibilités dans les fonctions de coût de réseau, et d'autre part celles de la variabilité-imprévisibilité des coûts marginaux de court terme de transport.
Nous proposons différents critères et principes pour limiter en pratique les inefficacités induites.
Dans le cinquième chapitre, nous abordons le problème de la réglementation sous un angle plus concret que ne le font les modèles théoriques, et en tenant compte des principales interdépendances entre les coûts de production et les coûts de réseau. Nous insistons sur les aspects du problème spécifiques à l'électricité (par rapport aux modèles théoriques généraux).
Le sixième chapitre est consacré à une discussion moins formalisée de l'équilibre réglementaire à long terme nécessaire à la régulation d'un système
électrique ouvert. Il met en perspective certaines pratiques réglementaires observées. Il pose la question essentielle de l'arbitrage entre consommateurs 'domestiques' et industriels.
Enfin la conclusion récapitule l'essentiel des résultats de l'étude, en évalue la portée et propose des voies de recherche
Altaher, Ahmed. "Mise en œuvre d’un cadre de sûreté de fonctionnement pour les systèmes d'automatisation de sous-stations intelligentes : application à la distribution de l’énergie électrique." Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes (ComUE), 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018GREAT012/document.
Full textSince its invention, Electricity has played a vital role in our everyday life. The appearance of the first power production facilities in the late nineteenth century paved the way for the electrical power system and its subsystems. Consumers of electric power demand dependable service in terms of power grid stability and safety. Since the liberalization of the markets, producers of electric power, utilities and equipment suppliers, as principal players, are following an emerging trend to satisfy consumers’ demands. This trend involves improving technologies, innovating and respecting standards requirements and governments’ regulations. All these efforts termed as the concept of the Smart Grid that is evolving to meet future demands.Modern and future digital substations shape essential nodes in the grid, where stability of electric power flow, converting of voltage levels and protecting switchyard equipment are among the primary roles of these nodes. The promising standard IEC 61850 and its parts, bring new features to the substation automation systems. The use of Ethernet based communication within these systems reduces the amount of hardwired connections that results in lowering footprint of substation equipment, devices and their cabling.Integration of the new IEC 61850 features at the substation levels requires multidiscipline competences. For instance, consider power protection and control tasks from one side and information and communication technologies from the other side. Dependency between substation automation functions and communication networks inside a substation brings new kinds of challenges to designers, integrators and testers. Thus, investigating the dependability of the system functionalities, e.g. the protection schemes, requires new methods of testing where conventional methods are not applicable. The new techniques should provide means to evaluate performance of designed systems and checking their conformance to the standards requirements.In order to improve the designed system dependability, this work aims to develop methods for testing the IEC 61850 enabled substation automation systems, especially on the process and the bay levels, in a platform dedicated for research tasks. This platform incorporates state-of-art devices and test-set cards that will help to simultaneously observe dynamic interactions of the power transients and communication network perturbations. Data obtained during the experimental tests will be used for diagnosing of failures and classifying their causes in order to remove them and enhance dependability of the designed system
Le, Kim Hung. "Analyse cyclique de sécurité des grands réseaux de transport et d'interconnexion basée sur les concepts de la localisation." Grenoble INPG, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995INPG0125.
Full textDjelloul, Selma. "Etude de certains réseaux d'interconnexion : structure et communications." Paris 11, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993PA112264.
Full textForli, Lionel. "Test et diagnostic de défauts dans les interconnexions métalliques des circuits numériques par infrastructures "IP"." Aix-Marseille 1, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005AIX11044.
Full textAïder, Méziane. "Réseaux d'interconnexion bipartis : colorations généralisées dans les graphes." Phd thesis, Grenoble 1, 1987. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00325779.
Full textAlali, Mohamad Alaa Eddin. "Contribution à l'Etude des Compensateurs Actifs des Réseaux Electriques Basse Tension : (Automatisation des systèmes de puissance électriques)." Université Louis Pasteur (Strasbourg) (1971-2008), 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002STR13026.
Full textIn an electrical network, unbalanced and harmonic currents generated by nonlinear and unbalanced loads can cause harmonics and unbalanced voltage. These voltage perturbations along with voltage sag can strongly degrade customer power quality. Nowadays, the active filtres such as shunt, series and combined shunt-series are studied as a flexible solution to compensate all current and voltage perturbations. Therefore, in order to improve power system quality, we have studied advanced control methods applied on the structures of the above mentioned active filtres. For such requirements, we have developed a new RST control method in order to extend the application spectrum of RST controller. Thus, an universal shunt active filter has been developed using a continuous and discret time experimental
David, Lauréline. "Modélisation des effets inductifs parasites dans les interconnexions des circuits numériques avancés." Brest, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006BRES2038.
Full textWith the increase of digital design complexity and operating frequency, on-chip interconnect parasitics become critical for efficient design. Today, only parasitic RC are extracted and analyzed in automated design flows. Nevertheless, the effect of inductance on propagation delays is no more negligible as the clock frequeney goes beyond one gigahertz. The purpose of this work is the understanding and modeling of parasitic inductances to provide concrete and relevant means to take them in account. Thus, various approaches for inductance extraction are compared and the evaluation of the CAD tools that can be used for interconnect extraction or modeling is drawn up. As a consequence, it appears that new general models are required. Models are therefore developed on the basis of several assumptions which are systematically validated. Frequency effects (skin and proximity effect) and current retum path issues are particularly detailed. This modeling process leads to pre-layout corner models allowing the estimation of minimal and maximal inductance values, in very early stages of the design flow. The suggested models are correlated with experiments, thanks to an original ring-oscillator test-structure. Finally, these models are applied to practical examples, and solutions to consider inductive effects in digital design flows are discussed. During this study, simple and efficient models have been developed and validated to consider inductive effects in the complex environment of a digital circuit
Waltz, Patrice. "Analyse et modélisation de la tenue à l'électromigration des interconnexions en régime dynamique." Lyon, INSA, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998ISAL0105.
Full textAs the dimensions of VLSI integrated circuits devices are scaled down, the current densities carried through the interconnection lines increases. Their reliability is then hugely limited by a current induced matter transport phenomenon called electro migration. Today, the design rules used established with DC currents, are to severe and prevent a further down scaling of the circuit, dimensions. The designers need guidelines obtained from pulsed electro migration tests which are closer to the real circuit operating conditions. The study has been achieved using two test benches based on a classical lifetime test method. With this equipment, it is possible to apply unidirectional current stresses up to 1 MHz for the first bench, and bidirectional stresses up to l0 MHz for the second one. An analytical thermal model based on a one thermal time constant system is used to describe the evolution of the line temperature versus time during a pulsed electro migration test. It allows to extract the amplitude of the temperature cycling and the temperatures to use for analysis of the test results, as functions of frequency and duty cycle. The experimental results obtained with 3 or 4f,lm wide NIST structures validate the average current model for frequencies above 100Hz and the on time model for 1Hz. They emphasize the same degradation mechanisms in the pulsed current case than in the DC current case, with a great number of failures due to thermal gradients. The longer lifetimes under pulsed stress conditions lead to more pronounced depletion and accumulation effects due to the diffusion mechanisms. Moreover, the failures are different for structures with current access through tungsten vias and are located above the vias on the cathode side. Bidirectional stresses with the same current peak values in the positive and negative half cycles lead to much longer lifetimes and to an improved electro migration reliability. The failures are the same than in DC and unidirectional cases, but appear in the line and not in the via contact region where the flux divergence is maximum. The behavior of structures submitted to strongly asymmetric signals tends towards a unidirectional behavior because of an important thermal cycling between the positive and negative half cycles
Ménager, Ludovic. "Contribution à l'intégration des convertisseurs de puissance en 3D." Lyon, INSA, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008ISAL0107.
Full textIn power modules, the most common die-level interconnect technology is wire bonding. In some markets, where performances such as high power density, high compactness, high switching frequency and good thermal management are required, wire bonds must be removed due to electrical and thermal limits. To overcome latter shortcomings in wire bonding technology, 3D interconnections have been proposed for the development of 3D packaging of power modules. In the ANR 3DPHI project, it has been proposed to work on the 3D integration of a power converter. Solderless interconnection on the semiconductor dies is shown in this report. This interconnection is based on electroplated micro posts. Then, the dies with their micro posts must be bonded to DBC substrates to realize the electrical connections with the other power converter elements. A solderless technique to bond the dies with their micro posts on a DBC substrate is described
Langevin, Marc. "La stabilité des réseaux hydro-électriques par les réglages : Présentation d'une méthode de régulation modale adaptative." Ecully, Ecole centrale de Lyon, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987ECDL0025.
Full textGagnet, Florian. "Contribution à l'étude d'interconnexions en circuits intégrés : la transition puce retournée et la transition par trou métallisé." Toulouse, INPT, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998INPT031H.
Full textLabiadh, Amor. "Etude d'un procédé d’écriture directe d'interconnexions par laser et electroless : application aux modules multipuces (MCM)." Lyon, INSA, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994ISAL0057.
Full textThe very large scale integration (VSLI) dictate the development of the adapted interconnection systems. Therefore, the conventional packing and the printed board (PCB) limit the integration density, degrade the amplitude and the rise of the transmitted signal. The long propagation time results from pattern rules and used materials. Those limitations can be exceded by using the thin layer multichip modules (MCM-D), to interconnect the chip ? The conventional technical to develop and fabricate those modules in the photolithography In this thesis, we have developed a process of laser direct writing followed by electroless allowing the realisation of interconnection lines of 5 to 50 m with. The fact and flexible process must allow the study and test of MCM prototypes. In the first step, it is based on the local laser decomposition of metalorganic film. The final product of decomposition will be usefull as an active surface for the electroless copper growth, in the second step. Th e choice of the metalorganic precursor is fixed on the palladium acetate that to be decomposed at lower temperature, content an important portion of metallic element ant it is not hydrated. We have studied the decomposition and growth kinetics of the two materials : palladium and copper. The experimental condition have been determined to obtain an reliable and reproducible result. The composition of the material forming the interconnection lines, the morphology of surface and interfaces have been analysed. At the end, the assembly of all elementary steps allowing the fabrication of an one conductor level has been realised
Abdeslam, Saad. "Etude des effets thermiques, structuraux et mécaniques sur la fiabilité des interconnexions des circuits intégrés par simulation numérique." Lyon, INSA, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993ISAL0001.
Full textAs the complexity of integrated circuits and their size shrinking increase, the VLSI reliability become impacted by interconnections. The physical process leading to damage is electro migration or mass transport induces by direct current. Inhomogeneities in the microstructure, geometry, or thermal of flux lead to hillocks and void formation and increase of the electrical resistance. The lifetime measurments are performed under accelerated test conditions and it is necessary to be able to extrapolate the lifetime values down to standard device operating conditions. Simulations of interconnection failure, principal topic of our study, allow to separate structural and mechanical effects by balancing in each section of the conductor line the relevant mass flow with thickness variation. The thermal study give essential rules to respect during the analysis of electromigration data. The structural study minus fairly well the experimental scattering of lifetime data and allows us to attribute this dispersion to microstructure inhomogeneities. Finally, the mechanical study reproduces the beneficial effect of passivation layers. Passivation layers lead to an increase in the lifetime and a decrease in the time to failure standard deviation
Flochel, Laurent. "Économie des réseaux : l'impact de différentes formes de libéralisation sur les comportements et structures de marché." Paris 1, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997PA010089.
Full textThis thesis deals with network industries liberalization and is divided in three parts. The first chapter proposes a survey on the evolution of network industries organisation of and regulatory tools. The second chapter is a survey on final services tarification, access charges and discusses the optimal regulatory policy. The second part of the thesis deals with access conditions to an essential facility. Chapters 3 and 4 show that the historic operator is not always incited to forclose a potential competitor by using access tariffs conditions (access charges) to the essential facility. Chapter 5 compares two regulatory regimes when the incumbent has a non tariff barrier to entry, which is represented in our case by the quality of the essential facility. The third part deals with competition of interconnected and different qualities networks between operators possessing their own network. Consumers are supposed to valuate the network quality, the calls they send and the calls they receive. In this framework, operators are unilateraly incited to impose low access charges to their own network. This effect is amplified when price discrimination between on-net and off-net calls is autorised. Moreover, the imposition of a reciprocity principle reinforces this effect
Siboni, Didier. "La gestion de service sur les réseaux hétérogènes interconnectes : utilisation des techniques d'intelligence artificielle et architectures hybrides." Versailles-St Quentin en Yvelines, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997VERS0005.
Full textBelfarhi, Brahim. "Propriétés thermomécaniques des films minces utilises pour interconnecter les circuits intégrés : construction d'un appareil de mesure approprie, application à la caractérisation du nitrure de titane et à l’étude de la siliciuration du cobalt." Lyon, INSA, 1990. http://www.theses.fr/1990ISAL0105.
Full textThe fundamental mechanism knowledge of the thermo-mechanical behaviour of the interconnection metallic and dielectric thin films is needed to improve the integrated circuit fiability. The experimental anal sis of such a behaviour becomes possible if the stress developed in the film during a thermal treatment, defined by the phenomena to be studied, may be measured. When we start this study, we have to built a relevant equipment because none was available on the market. The different parts of our equipment are : a) a vacuum chamber in which the ten inch wafer is set, b) a twenty five kW rapid thermal annealing system made of twelve halogen lamps, c) an optical device able to rapidly measure, every twenty fifth second if necessary and precisely the wafer profile and curvature radius, d) at last a PC AT which drives the optical device and precisely control the wafer temperature according to a predefine set point law. The obtained results are then analysed using an other program. Our equipment allows us to show that : a) titanium nitride deposited on silicon by reaction of ammonia with titanium tetrachloride behaves as an elastic material, b) the orthorhombic silicide, resulting from the thermal interaction between silicon land cobalt, is stress free
Philippe, Jean-Marc. "Intégration des réseaux sur silicium : optimisation des preformances des couches physique et liaison." Rennes 1, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005REN1S144.
Full textToulouse, Alain. "Contribution à la caractérisation et à la modélisation des capacités en technologie CMOS." Montpellier 2, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998MON20090.
Full textMoeini, Ali. "Application of battery energy storage in the Québec interconnection." Doctoral thesis, Université Laval, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/26903.
Full textThe Battery Energy Storage (BES) offers significant potential benefits at generation, transmission, distribution, and consumption levels of power systems. More specifically, this technology is considered by various operators around the globe, as a component of incorporating high amounts of renewable energy and as a key tool for large-scale power networks. In addition, other highly valued benefits can be captured by deploying BES technologies in smart grid such as facilitating power management, reducing green house gas emissions, reducing marginal losses, providing emergency power source for some users, and increasing energy efficiency in networks. This thesis comprises three phases: phase 1) application of BES for loss reduction, phase 2) application of BES as spinning reserve for vulnerability mitigation, phase 3) introducing a new method for improving frequency oscillation using reactive power modulation and application of BES for primary frequency reserve. The phase 1, application of BES for loss reduction is divided itself in two steps: step one: optimal allocation and step two: optimal utilization. In step one, Non-dominated Sorting Genetic Algorithm II (NSGA-II) has been coded on Centre de CAlcul Scientifique de l'IREQ (CASIR), the supercomputer of IREQ, as multi-objective evolutionary algorithm that extracts a set of optimal solution for optimal sizing and siting of multiple BESs while minimization of power losses and the total installed capacity of the BES units are simultaneous objective functions. For the sake of step two, a number of solutions are chosen and developed over one year taking into account the hour/rate/efficiency/power factor of the charge and discharge modes while marginal loss reduction or energy efficiency improvement are set as main goals. Phase 1 provides a complete answer for BES allocation and scheduling problem on Québec interconnection. Concerning the phase 2, a new vulnerability index has been introduced, formulated and studied which is suitable for modern power systems that comprise BESs. The NSGA-II is re-executed while minimization of proposed vulnerability index and total installed capacity are main goals. The results reveal that application of BES may prevent major blackouts in some cases. The phase 3 presents a novel idea for adding virtual inertia to power systems using reactive power modulations. The phase 3 also presents a primary study on application of BESs for primary frequency reserve. Generic battery model is introduced to simple Quebec interconnection model in MATLAB. Simulation results confirm the applicability of both active and reactive powers of BES architecture for frequency regulation.
Pardo-Gibson, Oscar. "Etude et simulation temporelle de la susceptibilité électrompagnétique de systèmes interconnectés." Ecully, Ecole centrale de Lyon, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987ECDL0019.
Full textServel, Grégory. "Effets parasites dus aux interconnexions." Montpellier 2, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001MON20037.
Full textThibault, Xavier. "Étude et évaluation de systèmes de communication optique dans les multiprocesseurs à haut degré de parallélisme." Toulouse, ENSAE, 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989ESAE0005.
Full textLegry, Martin. "Control of distributed energy resources for primary response of grid-interactive micro-grids." Thesis, Lille 1, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019LIL1I099.
Full textThis work focuses on the control of a grid-interactive micro-grid to provide ancillary services to a weak power system, and more particularly a primary frequency and voltage response at the point of common coupling (PCC). The first objective of this thesis is to supervise a micro-grid in order to ensure stable operation while enforcing the economic objectives defined by an external optimizer.Then, a novel three-step methodology has been developed. First, to provide the ancillary services at the PCC, it is necessary to estimate and coordinate the flexibility of heterogeneous equipment such as distributed generators, renewables, storages, etc. An optimization algorithm is proposed for the aggregation of these flexibilities to deduce the maximum active and reactive power flows that the micro-grid can provide. The second step determines the possible behavior of the micro-grid at its PCC. Finally, two new control algorithms have been developed to ensure a droop-like behavior at the PCC. A first solution, based on a centralized Model Predictive Control based supervisor, ensures a real-time adjustment of the set-points. The second one is a distributed solution that determines new primary local control laws for DERs. The effectiveness of the two control architectures has been validated by simulation with a benchmark micro-grid model
Yu, Raofeng. "Estimation de haut niveau de placement et des interconnexions de circuits VLSI submicroniques." Rennes 1, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2001REN10032.
Full textSahin, Henriette Louise. "Contribution à l'étude du réseau numérique à intégration de services : interconnexion réseau local et autocommutateur privé (PABX) au réseau numérique à intégration de services." Toulouse, INPT, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988INPT011H.
Full textVelay, Maxime. "Méthodes d’optimisation distribuée pour l’exploitation sécurisée des réseaux électriques interconnectés." Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes (ComUE), 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018GREAT063/document.
Full textOur societies are more dependent on electricity than ever, thus any disturbance in the power transmission and delivery has major economic and social impact. The reliability and security of power systems are then crucial to keep, for power system operators, in addition to minimizing the system operating cost. Moreover, transmission systems are interconnected to decrease the cost of operation and improve the system security. One of the main challenges for transmission system operators is therefore to coordinate with interconnected power systems, which raises scalability, interoperability and privacy issues. Hence, this thesis is concerned with how TSOs can operate their networks in a decentralized way but coordinating their operation with other neighboring TSOs to find a cost-effective scheduling that is globally secure.The main focus of this thesis is the security of power systems, this is why the evolution of the main characteristics of the blackouts that are failures in power system security, of the period 2005-2016 is studied. The approach consists in determining what the major characteristics of the incidents of the past 10 years are, to identify what should be taken into account to mitigate the risk of incidents. The evolution have been studied and compared with the characteristics of the blackouts before 2005. The study focuses on the pre-conditions that led to those blackouts and on the cascades, and especially the role of the cascade speed. Some important features are extracted and later integrated in our work.An algorithm that solve the preventive Security Constrained Optimal Power Flow (SCOPF) problem in a fully distributed manner, is thus developed. The preventive SCOPF problem consists in adding constraints that ensure that, after the loss of any major device of the system, the new steady-state reached, as a result of the primary frequency control, does not violate any constraint. The developed algorithm uses a fine-grained decomposition and is implemented under the multi-agent system paradigm based on two categories of agents: devices and buses. The agents are coordinated with the Alternating Direction method of multipliers in conjunction with a consensus problem. This decomposition provides the autonomy and privacy to the different actors of the system and the fine-grained decomposition allows to take the most of the decomposition and provides a good scalability regarding the size of the problem. This algorithm also have the advantage of being robust to any disturbance of the system, including the separation of the system into regions.Then, to account for the uncertainty of production brought by wind farms forecast error, a two-step distributed approach is developed to solve the Chance-Constrained Optimal Power Flow problem, in a fully distributed manner. The wind farms forecast errors are modeled by independent Gaussian distributions and the mismatches with the initials are assumed to be compensated by the primary frequency response of generators. The first step of this algorithm aims at determining the sensitivity factors of the system, needed to formulate the problem. The results of this first step are inputs of the second step that is the CCOPF. An extension of this formulation provides more flexibility to the problem and consists in including the possibility to curtail the wind farms. This algorithm relies on the same fine-grained decomposition where the agents are again coordinated by the ADMM and a consensus problem. In conclusion, this two-step algorithm ensures the privacy and autonomy of the different system actors and it is de facto parallel and adapted to high performance platforms
Snyder, Aaron Francis. "Les mesures synchronisées par GPS pour l'amortissement des oscillations de puissance dans les grands réseaux électriques interconnectés." Phd thesis, Grenoble INPG, 1999. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00784966.
Full textHadj, said Ahmed. "Intégration du stockage dans les méthodes de planification des réseaux électriques basse tension." Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes (ComUE), 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018GREAT004/document.
Full textThe opening up of energy markets and new uses have led to significant changes in distribution grids, in particular low-voltage grids. Notably, it has led to an augmentation in the integration of renewable energy production, an increase in the peak consumption, among others. This is accompanied by the appearance of the electrical constraints with which power systems must cope. This has resulted in the development multiple flexibility capabilities such as load/source management or energy storage, providing new solutions, now to be considered in planning methods. This thesis studies the issue of energy storage in the low-voltage grid planning. The first part of this thesis studies the impact of storage and photovoltaic production on variables involved in distribution grid planning. In the second part, a method for calculating the cost of losses is adapted to the presence of energy storage and/or PV production. Finally, advanced d operation algorithms are developed to illustrate the economic value of energy storage in LV distribution grid planning, compared to a more expensive conventional planning method
Snyder, Aaron Francis. "Les mesures synchronisées par GPS pour l'amortissement des oscillations de puissance dans les grands réseaux électriques interconnectés." Phd thesis, Grenoble INPG, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999INPG0135.
Full textAt the present time, power Systems are being operated closer and closer to their stability limit. This. Condition is due to current économic, political and ecological constraints, under which power System operators are Iimited to serving the actual power demand by pushing the operating point closer to the generation and tie-line stability limits. However, due to the weakness of these tie-lines, oscillations are often, created between the different generating stations in the power system. These so called inter-area oscillations are visible on the rotors of the generators, as well as in the fie-line power, and may create severe stability problems To damp the inter-area oscillations and avoid the stability problems, a Remote Feedback Controller (RFC) is used. The RFC uses input signals from the generator where it Ls installed and alsoltom a remote generator. Thèse inpuî signais, both local and remote, are sytichronized via the Global Positioning System (GPS) satellites. The RFC is tuned via the use of residues, as well as recent convex programming techniques that include the application of linear matrix inequality (LMÏ) constraints. The work presented in this dissertation deals with the problem of damping the inter-area oscillations present in two test Systems (4- and 29-machines) via the optimal siting of a RFCs containing local and remote input signal synchronized by GPS satellites. The iRFCs are then tuned through the use of a method based on residues and LME constrained convex programming algorithm. These techniques yield RFCs that are robust for a wide range of operating conditions (up to the limit of the power System) and that have a higher degree of performance (damping) than typically installed controllers. Tbe RFCs are also capable of functioning when faced with the problems of input signal delay or input signal loss
Castanié, Christophe. "Modèles de lignes de transmission non uniformes pour l'étude de couplages électromagnétiques sur des réseaux de câbles." Toulouse 3, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002TOU30115.
Full textCoudron, Loïc. "Etude des procédés de gravure électrochimique du silicium pour l'intégration monolithique de composants passifs sur silicium poreux et la réalisation de chemins d'interconnexion." Thesis, Tours, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011TOUR4028/document.
Full textThose thesis works deal with the evaluation and the development of porous silicon technological step in order to answer some of the monolithic integration challenges bring by the “more than Moore” problematic in microelectronics industry: on one hand, the integration on silicon of passive RF devices, on the other hand, realization by electrochemical etching of through silicon via. In a first time, several mixed porous silicon / silicon substrat are realized. Copper inductors, realized on 200 µm thick and 60% porosity mesoporous layer, show a quality factor superior to 55% to the one obtained on massive silicon. Industrialization perspectives are on the line via a CIFRE PhD convention. In a second time, several electrochemical etching process are evaluated. Among them, high aspect ratio macropore array etching, although poorly localizable, allows many perspectives: copper via and high density capacitor
Berti, Contessa Alessandro. "Version tolérante aux fautes d'une machine parallèle asynchrone à réduction de graphes." Toulouse, ENSAE, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988ESAE0009.
Full textPicot, Fabrice. "Contribution à l'optimisation d'un flot de conception submicronique à base de cellules pré-caractérisées." Montpellier 2, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002MON20156.
Full textBel, Haj Frej Ghazi. "Estimation et commande décentralisée pour les systèmes de grandes dimensions : application aux réseaux électriques." Thesis, Université de Lorraine, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017LORR0139/document.
Full textThis thesis focuses on the decentralized estimation and control for large scale systems. The objective is to develop software sensors that can produce a reliable estimate of the variables necessary for the interconnected nonlinear systems stability analysis. A decomposition of a such large system into a set of n interconnected subsystems is paramount for model simplification. Then, taking into account the nature of the subsystem as well as the interconnected functions, observer-based decentralized control laws have been synthesized. Each control law is associated with a subsystem which allows it to be locally stable, thus the stability of the overall system is ensured. The existence of an observer and a controller gain matrix stabilizing the system depends on the feasibility of an LMI optimization problem. The LMI formulation, based on Lyapunov approach, is elaborated by applying the DMVT technique on the nonlinear interconnection function, assumed to be bounded and uncertain. Thus, non-restrictive synthesis conditions are obtained. Observer-based decentralized control schemes have been proposed for nonlinear interconnected systems in the continuous and discrete time. Robust Hinfini decentralized controllers are provided for interconnected nonlinear systems in the presence of perturbations and parametric uncertainties. Effectiveness of the proposed schemes are verified through simulation results on a power systems with interconnected machines
Mugwaneza, Léon. "Contrôle des communications dans les machines parallèles à mémoire distribuée : contribution au routage automatique des messages." Grenoble INPG, 1993. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00005138.
Full textReymond, Cédric. "Conception d'une structure innovante de convertisseur AC-DC de type Totem-pole avec correction du facteur de puissance : application aux chargeurs de batteries des véhicules électriques." Thesis, Tours, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019TOUR4015.
Full textGovernments empower states over the environment with implementation of solution to clean up the electricity production sources. In 2020, 20% of the produced energy will be generated by renewable energies. However, theses green energies are occasional and require a huge storage capacitance for the local smart grids management. This solution puts two new issues: the necessity of having a bidirectional converter and the inrush currents management. To facilitate the study of these problems, the thesis suggests binding through a power balance, the performances of the current limiter on an innovative topology converter. This analysis highlight an alternative solution of inrush current strategy in energy conversion. Finally, a novel control circuit for SCRs/Triacs components will be proposed and characterized for landing one of the constraints linked to the converter reversibility
Andaluz-Alcàzar, Alvaro. "Choix d’investissement sous incertitude des gestionnaires des réseaux de distribution (GRD) en Europe à l’horizon 2030." Thesis, Paris 9, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012PA090042/document.
Full textDistribution activities have been the least studied domain of the electricity sector; over the last few years though, strong debates emerged with regards to the future. Indeed, this activity might soon undergo some deep structural changes, particularly as smart technologies are deployed: theses technologies could strongly impact the current business cases of the DSOs, along with the regulation now in effect, at a time when numerous uncertainties weigh on the distributors choices of investments. This thesis investigates the distributors’ business models evolutions in Europe for the next 20 years, based on technological, macroeconomic and geographical parameters. It proposes an original approach, both theoretical and analytical, to better understand the future world of DSOs. At first, it introduces the notion of “technologies with natural potential” in order to study the optimal development of the different technologies, by geographical context and macroeconomic scenarios. From these results, it then defines various possible evolutions of the distribution activities. Crossing these futures with the various possible investment strategies for the DSOs makes it possible to define the future business models of the European DSOs, according to various combinations of smart technologies displayed and contrasted geographical contexts. In its last part, the thesis studies the predictable changes in the relation DSO / regulator, using a formalization based on the Games Theory; this work is complemented by identifying the different lock-in effects (using the approach described in Brian Arthur’s studies) that could hinder the emergence of smart technologies, and the possible solutions
Allard, Stéphane. "Enjeux de flexibilité liés au développement des infrastructures réseaux pour l'intégration massive des énergies renouvelables variables dans le système électrique à l’horizon 2100." Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes (ComUE), 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018GREAT101/document.
Full textThe power system is facing a major shift with the large-scale development of variable renewable energy sources (VRES). This vertical and centralized architecture helped the system to be robust and reliable. However, VRES production is intermittent and less predictable. As a result, the system needs to add more flexibility with new options such as Demand Side Management, storage technologies and VREs curtailment. But renewable energies potentials are unevenly distributed in Europe and, with high shares of VREs, power flows exchanges will increase between specific regions. As a result, the existing transmission grid would face congestions and these flexibility options might not be sufficient to alleviate these bottlenecks. To analyse these impacts, the work carried in this thesis uses the long-term energy model POLES (Prospective Outlook on Long-term Energy Systems) coupled with the new European power sector module EUTGRID (EUropean – Transmission Grid Investment and Dispatch). It includes a detailed transmission grid and more realistic power flows with a DC-OPF. A grid investment mechanism is also incorporated to determine the grid investments based on nodal prices. This new coupling permits to get a dynamic evolution of the transmission grid. The role of the transmission grid is being assessed and compared with other flexibility options. The grid investments increase largely with important development of VRES while other flexibility options cannot completely replace them. Finally, an exploratory work is being carried with the introduction of generic distribution grids (urban, semi-urban and urban) in EUTGRID. The results show that the reinforcements are slightly delayed with a greater use of back-up technologies which increases the total emissions
Camperi-Ginestet, Christophe. "Optimisation de l'intégration des composants optoélectroniques en films minces séparés du substrat de croissance par la technique du lift-off." Toulouse, INSA, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993ISAT0036.
Full textBelloum, Adam Scander. "Étude d'un système multiprocesseurs reconfigurable dédié aux traitements d'images basé sur les processeurs de signaux." Compiègne, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996COMPD877.
Full textHarsan, Horea. "Analyse cyclique de sécurité : approche temps réel et intégration dans la gestion prévisionnelle." Grenoble INPG, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996INPG0166.
Full textHamdi, Bilel. "Modélisation des circuits périodiques et quasi-périodiques alimentés par des sources arbitraires." Thesis, Toulouse, INPT, 2015. https://oatao.univ-toulouse.fr/25877/1/HAMDI_Bilel.pdf.
Full textPlanar antenna arrays are renowned for their high directivity and ease of implementation, which offers the possibility of having a controllable radiation pattern. However the global study taking into account the different EM couplings by a rigorous electromagnetic theory requires a large memory space and a considerable computation time. To overcome these drawbacks, we propose to introduce a new theoretical approach based on the Floquet theorem allowing the reduction of the EM analysis volume at the level of a single elementary cell (basic cell). We will focus our study on the determination of coupling terms in a distributed configuration in an almost-periodic frame and in particular for periodic and quasi-periodic antenna arrays fed by arbitrary sources. In this case, we will use Floquet mode decompositions (adapted to periodic structures) to extract the coupling matrix [S]. These decompositions are concepts established for a long time and a priori demonstrated by solid theoretical supports. Consequently, this modal analysis makes it possible to simplify considerably the resolution of the problem, especially when the radiating elements are strongly coupled. A single numerical method is adopted in order to model the proposed structure: the method of moments combined with the generalized equivalent circuit: MoM-GEC. Validation of the latter will be done by comparison with other exact numerical methods