Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Réseaux électriques (Énergie) – Régulation'
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Lagonotte, Patrick. "Analyse structurale des réseaux électriques : application au réglage hiérarchisé de la tension du réseau français." Grenoble INPG, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987INPG0114.
Full textXie, Ruichao. "A novel Wide-Area control strategy for damping of critical frequency oscillations via modulation of active power injections." Doctoral thesis, Université Laval, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/67983.
Full textThis dissertation provides a novel wide-area control strategy for damping of critical frequency oscillations via modulation of fast active power injections, which paves the way for the utilization of large-scale geographically dispersed actuators, e.g., distributed energy resources (DERs), in the control of power system low-frequency rotor angle dynamics, this includes the inter-area oscillations and the transient frequency swing. The proposed method incorporates these two different dynamics into a linear time invariant (LTI) system based control framework, in which the control of the transient frequency swing is translated into the control of the system common mode dynamics. For this purpose, a careful examination of the relationship between the transient frequency swing and the common mode dynamics is carried out; extensive simulations show that the common mode defines the shape of a small-signal transient frequency swing. The proposed control method pursues an efficient utilization of the limited power reserve of existing DERs to mitigate these oscillations. This is accomplished by decoupling the damping control actions at different sites using the oscillation signals of the concerned mode as the power commands. A theoretical basis for this decoupled modulating control is provided. Technically, the desired sole modal oscillation signals are filtered out by linearly combining the system-wide frequencies, which is determined by the linear quadratic regulator based sparsity-promoting (LQRSP) technique. With the proposed strategy, the modulation of each active power injection can be effectively engineered considering the response limit and steady-state output capability of the supporting device. In the proposed control framework, the power command signal for the primary frequency control is determined in a (near) optimal control sense; experiments show that this signal tends to be the system speed seen by the power injection point. Importantly, the decoupled modulating control tends to isolate the control actions for the inter-area oscillations and the transient frequency swing, thereby greatly relieving the concern about the interaction between the control of these two types of dynamics.
Alkhatib, Hasan. "Etude de la stabilité aux petites perturbations dans les grands réseaux électriques : optimisation de la régulation par une méthode métaheuristique." Aix-Marseille 3, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008AIX30068.
Full textOver the past twenty years, electric utilities are being operated their power systems at full power and often closer to their stability limits. The improvement of small signal stability, in particular the damping of inter-area oscillations, has become therefore a priority. Interactions between the generators of different regions and the used regulators require a global optimization of their performances: this is the best way to ensure the whole optimal behaviour. Our work objective is to ensure a maximum damping of the inter-area modes as well as of the local modes, using power system stabilizer (PSS) that is habitually used in the damping of electromechanical local modes. So, we have developed a global optimization method based on genetic algorithms and a multi-objective function using relative and absolute stability parameters that are obtained of the system eigenvalue analysis. We have analyzed the influence of the gradual increase of the variable number that to be optimized simultaneously (PSS parameters, their location and number). The proposed method allows an optimal setting of PSSs with the best possible location and a reduced number. We have also proposed a new optimization method using dynamic adaptive space research. This can improve the optimization performance and the convergence acceleration of this algorithm. The performance of these optimizations methods has been evaluated on the New England/ New York multi-machine network via system eigenvalue analysis, linear and nonlinear time domain simulations
Alali, Mohamad Alaa Eddin. "Contribution à l'Etude des Compensateurs Actifs des Réseaux Electriques Basse Tension : (Automatisation des systèmes de puissance électriques)." Université Louis Pasteur (Strasbourg) (1971-2008), 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002STR13026.
Full textIn an electrical network, unbalanced and harmonic currents generated by nonlinear and unbalanced loads can cause harmonics and unbalanced voltage. These voltage perturbations along with voltage sag can strongly degrade customer power quality. Nowadays, the active filtres such as shunt, series and combined shunt-series are studied as a flexible solution to compensate all current and voltage perturbations. Therefore, in order to improve power system quality, we have studied advanced control methods applied on the structures of the above mentioned active filtres. For such requirements, we have developed a new RST control method in order to extend the application spectrum of RST controller. Thus, an universal shunt active filter has been developed using a continuous and discret time experimental
Delavari, Atieh. "Novel load-based control strategies for power system primary frequency regulation." Doctoral thesis, Université Laval, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/29902.
Full textAny inequality between power system generation and load must be corrected in a short time, otherwise frequency deviation will happen and consequently the stability and security of the power system will be threatened. Demand-side endpoints are distributed on the load side of power systems in contrast to traditional control resources such as centralized bulk generators. The ability of outright ON/OFF switching devices on the demand side enables the loads to respond faster to system disturbances, compared to most conventional generators. This feature, along with the integration of sensing, computation and communication technologies, makes demand-side resources an ideal candidate in primary frequency regulation. This thesis focuses on controlling power systems using distributed load-side resources. Specifically, it proposes three main solutions to overcome the limitations of decentralized load control approaches: *Improved Optimal Load Control (IOLC): We introduce an Improved Optimal Load Control (IOLC) approach by applying a systematic gain-tuning method to the conventional OLC. A joint Non-dominated Sorting Genetic Algorithm-II (NSGA-II) with Fuzzy Selection Algorithm (FSA) is employed as the multi objective gain-tuning procedure in IOLC approach. We show by simulation that in comparison with OLC, IOLC can achieve a better generalization performance in the case of turbine-governor (TG) control action whether enabled or disabled. *Sparse and Resilient Hierarchical Direct Load Control: We design and develop a hierarchical sensor pruning load modulation strategy for primary frequency response improvement and inter-area oscillations damping. The proposed coordinated hierarchical load control structure utilizes both local and distributed wide-area control, where controllers make use of remote measurements and control signals in an optimal sparse wide-area structure. To be precise, device layer deals with demand-response and frequency regulation, while the sparse supervisory layer improves the system’s closed-loop performance and stability margins, with simultaneous reduction of the cost of data transfer, communication links and power network complexity. *Virtual Inertia-based Load Control: Considering the storage built-in aggregated loads, we extend the conventional load control to enable virtual inertia in low-inertia rate power systems. The virtual inertia-based load control signal therefore minimizes the rate of change of frequency as well as frequency error to provide desired power balance over the network. We show by simulation that enabling load-based virtual inertia provides better power system frequency regulation with remarkably improved transient performance, frequency nadir and steady state error by shedding approximately equal or even less amount of controllable loads compared to the conventional load control. Furthermore, we develop two commonly used Simscape Power Systems (SPS) benchmarks for power system education and research worldwide. We also present a frequency measurement block (which will be included in Matlab 2018a measurement library) to measure the frequency in a SPS model running in phasor mode.
Barbier, Gérald. "Alternateur à double excitation alimentée par des convertisseurs statiques : simulation et expérimentation." Besançon, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000BESA2073.
Full textThe quality of an electrical supply network imposes the maintenance of stability during disturbed operations. The consumption of the reactive power created by the lines, during hollow of load is a factor of instability, all the more important that the lines are longer. A generator provided with a second inductor winding shifted in space, makes it possible to absorb an important reactive power all while maintaining stability. Studies showed that this solution was viable, for networks of which the lengths of lines are consequent, like the network in Russia. Since the beginning of the Eighties, the Soviet ex-Union was interested in operation of this generator called double excitation. Prototypes were built in the power station of Burchtinskaya. A collaboration between Russia and France, made it possible to improve the mode of control. Work of this memory is associated with this collaboration. The author gives the description of the test bench at a reduced scale, of a group of production of electrical energy using a generator with double excitation connected through a line to a powerful network. IGBT converters of chopper type, reversible in current and voltage feed the field circuits. The test bench is instrumented and controls are managed in real time by means of Dspace associated with Matlab/Simulink. The theoretical and real diagrams of control are presented. Inputs and outputs must be filtered and the author makes also a practical comparison between two modes of piloting the converters. Parallel to this experimentation, a theoretical study by simulation on the Saber software is made, in order to study the behaviour of the system described previously and thus to simulate the total test bench including bridges with IGBT. This requires a setting in equation of the application and a transcription compatible with the Saber software. Simulation allows a validation of the running of the double excitation generator in consumption or supply of reactive power. It must be noticed the difficulty of identification of the parameters of the machine. The study has been carried out in per unit values to allow a generalisation. An experimental study traduces in the active and reactive powers plan, the evolution of the Critical Clearing Time (CCT) following a three-phased short circuit, in order to determine the performances of the generator and its control. The first conclusions show a very clear improvement of stability compared to a classical synchronous machine
Tanguy, Kevin. "Modélisation et optimisation de la recharge bidirectionnelle de véhicules électriques : application à la régulation électrique d'un complexe immobilier." Thesis, Université Laval, 2013. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2013/30390/30390.pdf.
Full textThe democratization of plug-in hybrid electric vehicles along with purely electric vehicles causes an increased electric demand on the power grid. Vehicle-to-Grid (V2G) or Vehicle-to-Building (V2B) aim to bring an appropriate response to this increased demand, by not simply considering vehicles as loads for the grid but as actors making bidirectionnal exchanges. The works presented in this master’s thesis show, with real data on the Université Laval campus, a modelling of vehicle fleets and the application of a linear optimization model, that V2B can provide financial gain shared between the actors of the system, while charging the vehicles efficiently.
Marin, Ceballos David Humberto. "Intégration des éoliennes dans les réseaux électriques insulaires." Thesis, Ecole centrale de Lille, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009ECLI0004/document.
Full textIslands are favourable places to the development of wind energy. Firstly, the production costs of the conventional generation are higher than on the interconnected grids. Secondly, there is an important wind potential in these regions. Finally, the wind energy makes possible to reduce the energy dependence of fossil products, to respect the Kyoto protocol and to ensure the future electricity supply of these regions with sustained growth.Currently, wind energy is fast-growing in the islands grids. This growth worries the grid operators because this production is very different from the conventional sources. Moreover, these grids could reach very quickly a high levels wind penetration because their low size. However, the insular grids are weak grids compare to the inter-connected grids. In this kind of grids, the massive insertion of wind turbines is accompanied by particular characteristics which might damage operation of the electric system. The present study was carried out in order to analyze the impact on increase wind energy penetration in the insular grids and to propose solutions allowing the development of this energy sources in these areas. In this respect, several strategies of control were proposed. Firstly, two control strategies of the reactive power exchanged by the wind farms with the grids were compared, in order to minimize the voltage increasing in the distribution grids with strong wind penetration. Secondly, two control strategies were implemented in order to regulate the grid frequency through wind turbines. The control strategies were implemented on Matlab-Simulink then validated on EUROSTAG. Initially, they were evaluated in a simplified network in order to study more precisely and in a systematic way the influence of the choice and parameter settings of control in the dynamic behaviour of a weak grid. Then, they were extended to the distribution grid of Mont-Dore in New Caledonia and to the Guadeloupe electric grid
Santiago, Junior Fernando Antonio. "La régulation du secteur électrique en France et au Brésil." Paris 1, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007PA010284.
Full textChebel-Horstmann, Nadia. "Le régime juridique de l'accès aux réseaux électriques en France." Paris 2, 2004. https://acces-distant.sciences-po.fr/http/www.harmatheque.com/ebook/la-regulation-du-marche-de-l-electricite-concurrence-et-acces-aux-reseaux.
Full textPasselergue, Jean-Christophe. "Interactions des dispositifs FACTS dans les grands réseaux électriques." Phd thesis, Grenoble INPG, 1998. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00823351.
Full textStraub, Clémentine. "Gestion des congestions et prise de décision dans les réseaux électriques maillés en utilisant des batteries électriques." Electronic Thesis or Diss., université Paris-Saclay, 2021. http://www.theses.fr/2021UPASG013.
Full textPower generation has been undergoing a radical change due to the expansion of renewable energies. The part of the generation which can be characterised as intermittent and scarce is increasing in importance and is creating new overload constraints on electrical grids called congestions. In this context, batteries are gaining a growing attention for their potential in congestion management. The thesis work contained in this manuscript deals with the conception of new algorithms relying on batteries to solve congestions on meshed electrical grid. The presented control strategy mingle batteries actions and renewable curtailment. The control is based on two levels. The upper level relates to planification and the lower level is dedicated to real-time congestion management. The lower level is developped using Model Predictive Control and provides a framework to take into account delays on control actions. The upper level covers the batteries trajectories planning, supports the lower level and defines batteries capacity used for real-time congestion management and the residual capacities of these batteries. This level can thus be used to define a multi-service framework for batteries. The residual capacities can be offered to other actors or services of the electrical market.The developped algorithms are implemented on a project conducted by the french Transmission System Operator (RTE) : the RINGO Project. This project is a demonstrator program whose aim is to validate large capacity storage as a solution to congestions
Xu, Jianhong. "Filtrage actif parallèle des harmoniques des réseaux de distribution d'électricité." Vandoeuvre-les-Nancy, INPL, 1994. http://docnum.univ-lorraine.fr/public/INPL_T_1994_XU_J.pdf.
Full textLeclercq, Ludovic. "Apport du stockage inertiel associé à des éoliennes dans un réseau électrique en vue d'assurer des services systèmes." Lille 1, 2004. https://ori-nuxeo.univ-lille1.fr/nuxeo/site/esupversions/c9b51000-1e3c-44ac-9333-ca1a8d18965c.
Full textRoboam, Xavier. "Variateur de vitesse pour machine asynchrone : développement de lois de commande robustes : contr^ole de la vitesse sans capteur mécanique." Toulouse, INPT, 1991. http://www.theses.fr/1991INPT051H.
Full textUrrego, Agudelo Lilliam. "A novel method for the Approximation of risk of Blackout in operational conditions." Thesis, Paris Est, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016PESC1071/document.
Full textThe electricity industry can be characterized by several risks: regulatory, adequacy, human error, etc. One of the most outstanding aspects, because of their impact, is related to not supply demand (DNS).To prevent cascading failures, particularly in reliability studies, determinist criteria were applied, such as N-1, which allows to avoid the initial event of failure in the planning and operation of the system. In general, analysis tools for these preventive actions are applied separately for the planning and for the system operation of an electric power. After a cascading failure, considerable efforts must be done to analyze faults to minimize the possibility of a similar event.In spite of all these efforts, blackouts or large cascading failures still happen, although events are considered to be rare due to the efforts of the industry. Indeed, it is a challenge from the point of view of analysis and simulation, due to the large number of possible interactions and their diversity and complexity, to obtain a good prediction of a situation.In our work, a new methodology is proposed to estimate the blackout risk using complex systems models. This approach is based on the use of variables that can be precursors of a DNS event. In other terms, it is based on the study of the dependence or correlation between the variables involved in the blackout risk, and the self organized critically (SOC) property of complex systems.VaR is calculate using the data from the Colombian system and the cost of rationing, for estimate the cost of blackout including economic variables into the technical variables. In addition, traditionally the risk grows with the root square of the time, but with data series than has complex behavior, the rate of growing is higher.Once the SOC conditions are determined, a Statistical Power Flow Model SPFM was executed to simulate the behavior of the system and its variables for the performance of the electrical system. Simulations results were compared to the real operation behavior of the electrical power system.The DC power flow is a simplified model, which represents the complex phenomenon in a simple way, however neglects some aspects of the events of operation of the system that can happen in blackouts. The representation of cascading failures and evolution of the network in a simple model allows the analysis of the temporary relations in the operation of electrical networks, besides the interaction between reliability of short-term and long-term (with improvements network).. This methodology is focused on the operational planning of the following day (day ahead market), but it can be applied to other time scales.The results show that the complex behavior with a power law and the Hurst index is greater than 0.5. The simulations based on our model have the same behavior as the real behavior of the system.For using the complexity theory, the SOC conditions must be established for the day ahead analyzed market. Then an inverse simulation is executed, where the endpoint of the simulation is the current situation of the system, and allows the system to evolve and meet the requisites of criticality auto-organized in a desired point of operation.After simulating the criterion of reliability used in the operation of the electrical system for cascading failures, they are validated by historical failures obtained from the electrical system. These results, allow the identification of lines with the biggest probability to fail, the sequence of associate events, and what simulations of actions of operation or expansion, can reduce the risk of failures of the transmission network.The possible advantage expected for the electrical network are the appropriate evaluation of the risk of the network, the increase the reliability of the system (probabilistic analysis), and a progress of the planning of the risk of the day ahead (holistic analysis) and situational awareness
Passelergue, Jean-Christophe. "Interactions des dispositifs FACTS dans les grands réseaux électriques." Phd thesis, Grenoble INPG, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998INPG0148.
Full textPower fiow increase and environmental constraints in power Systems hâve led to FACTS (Flexible AC Transmission Systems) devices insertion in order to improve the power System exploitation. Thèse devices are able to cany out some funétions such as the voltage support, the power transfer control and the increase of power transfer capability. Moreover, due to their fast response time, they are an efficient tool for damping low frequency oscillations. This new FACTS devices application is important as power Systems are more and more interconnected and thereby more sensitive to inter-area eîectromechanical oscillations. However, the recourse to several FACTS devices in a power System requires the careful study of the possible controller interaction phenomena between FACTS devices and with others system éléments. This thesis deals with the analysis and resolution of dynamic phenomena due to interaction problems resulting from the insertion of one or several shunt FACTS devices. Sensitivity and influence indices are defined from the controllability and observability notions, respectively, in order to preview the interaction phenomena importance due to a FACTS device insertions and to identify the influence areas of a FACTS device. Thèse indices are applied to a two-area four-machine test system and to a simplified real 29-machine power system. Two coordination methods (" minimax " method and decentralized linear quadratic method) are used to coordinate the FACTS devices themselves and a FACTS device and PSS (Power System Stabilizer) in the two-area four-machine test system
Qoria, Taoufik. "Nouvelles lois de contrôle pour former des réseaux de transport avec 100% d’électronique de puissance." Thesis, Paris, HESAM, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020HESAE041.
Full textThe rapid development of intermittent renewable generation and HVDC links yields an important increase of the penetration rate of power electronic converters in the transmission systems. Today, power converters have the main function of injecting power into the main grid, while relying on synchronous machines that guaranty all system needs. This operation mode of power converters is called "Grid-following". Grid-following converters have several limitations: their inability to operate in a standalone mode, their stability issues under weak-grids and faulty conditions and their negative side effect on the system inertia.To meet these challenges, the grid-forming control is a good solution to respond to the system needs and allow a stable and safe operation of power system with high penetration rate of power electronic converters, up to a 100%. Firstly, three grid-forming control strategies are proposed to guarantee four main features: voltage control, power control, inertia emulation and frequency support. The system dynamics and robustness based on each control have been analyzed and discussed. Then, depending on the converter topology, the connection with the AC grid may require additional filters and control loops. In this thesis, two converter topologies have been considered (2-Level VSC and VSC-MMC) and the implementation associated with each one has been discussed. Finally, the questions of the grid-forming converters protection against overcurrent and their post-fault synchronization have been investigated, and then a hybrid current limitation and resynchronization algorithms have been proposed to enhance the transient stability of the system. At the end, an experimental test bench has been developed to confirm the theoretical approach
Bridier, Laurent. "Modélisation et optimisation d'un système de stockage couplé à une production électrique renouvelable intermittente." Thesis, La Réunion, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016LARE0038/document.
Full textThis thesis aims at presenting an optimal management and sizing of an Energy Storage System (ESS) paired up with Intermittent Renewable Energy Sources (IReN). Firstly, wedeveloped a technico-economic model of the system which is associated with three typical scenarios of utility grid power supply: hourly smoothing based on a one-day-ahead forecast (S1), guaranteed power supply (S2) and combined scenarios (S3). This model takes the form of a large-scale non-linear optimization program. Secondly, four heuristic strategies are assessed and lead to an optimized management of the power output with storage according to the reliability, productivity, efficiency and profitability criteria. This ESS optimized management is called “Adaptive Storage Operation” (ASO). When compared to a mixed integer linear program (MILP), this optimized operation that is practicable under operational conditions gives rapidly near-optimal results. Finally, we use the ASO in ESS optimal sizing for each renewable energy: wind, wave and solar (PV). We determine the minimal sizing that complies with each scenario, by inferring the failure rate, the viable feed-in tariff of the energy, and the corresponding compliant, lost or missing energies. We also perform sensitivity analysis which highlights the importance of the ESS efficiency and of the forecasting accuracy and the strong influence of the hybridization of renewables on ESS technico-economic sizing
Rokrok, Ebrahim. "Controle en grid forming pour les convertisseurs d'électronique de puissance : application aux liaisons courant continus de Haute Tension (HVDC)." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Centrale Lille Institut, 2022. http://www.theses.fr/2022CLIL0012.
Full textThe rapid development of converter-based devices such as converter-interfaced renewable generations and high-voltage direct-current (HVDC) transmission links is causing a profound change into the very physics of the power system. In this scenario, the power generation is shifted from the pollutant synchronous generators based on nuclear or fossil fuels to converter-based renewable resources. The modeling, control, and stability of the power converters are now one of the focuses of attention for researchers. Today, power converters have the main function of injecting power into the utility grid, while relying on synchronous machines that ensure all system needs (e.g., ancillary services, provision of inertia and reliable power reserves). This operation mode of power converters is called "Grid-following". Grid-following converters have several limitations, such as: inability to operate in a standalone mode, stability issues under weak grids and faulty conditions and also, negative side effect on the system inertia. To tackle these challenges, the grid-forming control as an alternative has shown its appropriate performance that could make this kind of control a promising solution to respond to the system needs and to allow a stable and safe operation of power system with high penetration rate of power electronic converters. In this thesis, a fundamental description of grid-forming control with a simplified quasi-static modeling approach aiming to regulate the converter active power by a voltage source behavior is presented. From the description, several variants of grid-forming strategies are identified that represent some differences in terms of active power dynamic behavior, inertia emulation capability and system frequency support. Hence, the presented grid-forming variants are then classified according to their capabilities/functionalities. From the small-signal stability and robustness point of view, the studied grid-forming controls, which are implemented to a 2-level VSC at first, show their ability to operate under very weak grid conditions. Moreover, the ancillary services such as inertial response and frequency support are appropriately provided to the AC grid. The questions of the grid-forming converters protection against overcurrent and their post-fault synchronization while considering the current limitation are investigated and a new method is proposed to enhance the transient stability of the system. All the obtained results are then extended to a modular multi-level converter (MMC) topology successfully. The use of a grid forming control in an HVDC converter is interesting for the grid to which it is connected due to the inertial effect that can be induced. Therefore, the final part of this thesis evaluates the dynamic performance of an HVDC link interconnecting two AC grids and highlights the proper strategy and requirements for inertia provision
Karnib, Nour. "Application of Optimization in Regional Distribution Network Reconfiguration." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Chasseneuil-du-Poitou, Ecole nationale supérieure de mécanique et d'aérotechnique, 2025. http://www.theses.fr/2025ESMA0001.
Full textIn the domain of operations research, this thesis’s subject consists of optimizing electrical networks (specifically, distribution networks) in terms of power losses. The main adressed problem is the Distribution Network Reconfiguration (DNR) problem and several variations of the problem. The DNR problem is widely studied in the literature and is an effective approach for Distribution System Operators (DSOs) to optimize their networks in terms of power loss due to Joule heat. With the high integration of distributed generation (decentralized generation), reconfiguring the network’s operation scheme becomes crucial to improving the economics for these DSOs. The optimization model consists of a Mixed Integer Quadratic Programming (MIQP) problem, where the distribution network is represented as a graph, which serves as an input for this MIQP. The binary variables consist of the state of each switch (1 or 0) along with the continuous variables representing the flows in each line. The objective function is the sum of power losses for the configuration selected by the solver. This thesis first reduces the solver’s computational time when the considered loads and generations are static (at one single point in time). It proposes a network reduction method, where the input graph in the MIQP is reduced to decrease the solution’s search space for the solver. With the same goal, a method for eliminating low-impact switches is proposed and tested on an SRD agency network. This method involves proposing a set of operating points for load and generation coefficients across the entire network, where the MIQP is launched sequentially. Then,the low-impact switches in the MIQP are fixed as data, while the most impactful switches remain as variables. The results showed that the proposed method greatly improved computational time, making it roughly 177 times faster in the case of a given operating point independent of the initial ones. After these attempts to reduce the solver’s computational time in the static case, a generalization is proposed, where the goal is to optimize power losses over a time horizon. This is referred to as multiple reconfiguration under operational constraints. Then, the case of free reconfigurations is explored, where no operational constraints are imposed. This case allows the solver to change the solution at each time point, but this approach faces many technological and economic barriers. Finally, in the case of high production integration, where no solution can handle it, power curtailment is introduced to curtail power in excess and maintain a feasible solution
Davigny, Arnaud. "Participation aux services système de fermes d'éoliennes à vitesse variable intégrant du stockage inertiel d'énergie." Lille 1, 2007. https://pepite-depot.univ-lille.fr/LIBRE/Th_Num/2007/50376-2007-Davigny.pdf.
Full textAndaluz-Alcàzar, Alvaro. "Choix d’investissement sous incertitude des gestionnaires des réseaux de distribution (GRD) en Europe à l’horizon 2030." Thesis, Paris 9, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012PA090042/document.
Full textDistribution activities have been the least studied domain of the electricity sector; over the last few years though, strong debates emerged with regards to the future. Indeed, this activity might soon undergo some deep structural changes, particularly as smart technologies are deployed: theses technologies could strongly impact the current business cases of the DSOs, along with the regulation now in effect, at a time when numerous uncertainties weigh on the distributors choices of investments. This thesis investigates the distributors’ business models evolutions in Europe for the next 20 years, based on technological, macroeconomic and geographical parameters. It proposes an original approach, both theoretical and analytical, to better understand the future world of DSOs. At first, it introduces the notion of “technologies with natural potential” in order to study the optimal development of the different technologies, by geographical context and macroeconomic scenarios. From these results, it then defines various possible evolutions of the distribution activities. Crossing these futures with the various possible investment strategies for the DSOs makes it possible to define the future business models of the European DSOs, according to various combinations of smart technologies displayed and contrasted geographical contexts. In its last part, the thesis studies the predictable changes in the relation DSO / regulator, using a formalization based on the Games Theory; this work is complemented by identifying the different lock-in effects (using the approach described in Brian Arthur’s studies) that could hinder the emergence of smart technologies, and the possible solutions
Durillon, Benoit. "ModAICSS : Modélisation de l’acceptation et de l’implication de producteurs et consommateurs d’énergie électrique en vue d’une stratégie de supervision énergétique multi-acteurs." Thesis, Lille 1, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019LIL1I094.
Full textThe environmental challenges we are currently facing require a drastic shifting in our way to consume: the new paradigm should be less, efficiently, and with the lowest possible impact on the environment. From the electric grid point of view, energy management is of particular interest to reach efficiency while increasing the penetration rate of renewable energy sources, thus ensuring an environmentally friendly production. To that end, all grid stakeholders must take part in the equilibrium, while having their sensitivities and constraints respected. This consideration of stakeholders objectives is indeed an important factor for their acceptance and their involvement. The novelty of this exploratory work is to be found in the definition and understanding of electrical grid stakeholders, and the integration of their profiles in an energy supervisor. As electrical engineering alone does not enable to grasp all the aspects of the problematic, the contribution of humanities and social sciences was introduced. Therefore the interdisciplinary dimension is strong, illustrated by the cooperation with sociology and economy researchers involved in the oversee of this research. The result is a 3-steps methodology applicable to each stakeholder of the grid. The first step is the definition and segmentation of stakeholder profiles. The second step is the first stage of the energy supervisor, optimizing the production and consumption a day ahead. Finally, the third step is the real time management of energy, adjusting the production and consumption during the day. This thesis is therefore divided into two distinct parts: on one side, the global methodology describing each step and the potential approaches, on the other hand, the use of this methodology on a residential case study
Lu, Di. "Conception et contrôle d’un générateur PV actif à stockage intégré : application à l’agrégation de producteurs-consommateurs dans le cadre d’un micro réseau intelligent urbain." Thesis, Ecole centrale de Lille, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010ECLI0021/document.
Full textThe integration of PV power generation in a power system reduces fuel consumption and brings environmental benefits. However, the PV power intermittency and fluctuations deteriorate the power supply quality. A solution is proposed by adding energy storages, which are coordinated by a local controller that controls the power flow among all sources and implements an inner energy management. This PV based active generator can generate power references and can provide ancillary services in an electric network. Then micro grid concepts are derived to design a central energy management system of a residential network, which is powered by PV based active generators and a gas micro turbine. A communication network is used to exchange data and power references. An energy management system is developed with different time-scale functions to maximize the use of PV power. An operational daily planning is designed by a determinist algorithm, which uses 24 hour-ahead PV power prediction and load forecasting. Then power references are refreshed each half of an hour by considering the PV power availability and the states of energy storage units. Prediction errors and uncertainties are compensated by primary frequency controllers. Simulation and testing results validate the design of the PV active generator local controller and the central energy management system of the studied residential network
Kelada, Fadi Sameh Aziz. "Étude des dynamiques et de la stabilité des réseaux électriques faible inertie avec une forte pénétration de ressources renouvelables." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université Grenoble Alpes, 2024. http://www.theses.fr/2024GRALT065.
Full textPower systems are evolving significantly due to economic, geopolitical, and environmental factors, notably the increasing integration of Renewable Energy Sources (RES) interfaced through power electronic converters, known as Inverter-Based Resources (IBR). This shift from synchronous machine (SM)-dominated systems to IBR-dominated systems introduces challenges such as reduced inertia, intermittency, and stability issues. Traditional stability analysis and modeling techniques, which assume slower dynamics inherent in SMs, are inadequate for the fast dynamics of IBRs. The emerging dominance of IBRs necessitates the development of detailed Electromagnetic Transient (EMT) models, which are computationally intensive but essential for capturing the fast dynamics of modern power systems. Existing stability classification frameworks, historically based on SM-dominated systems, are being revised to incorporate IBR influences, introducing new stability categories like Converter-Driven Stability (CDS). This work investigates novel insights into the interactions between SMs, IBR unit dynamics, and network dynamics that have been overlooked in the literature. It provides a comprehensive framework that is open-source and adaptable for generic power system topologies, allowing for scalable results and analyses. Furthermore, the proposed framework is utilized to determine optimal allocations of virtual inertia and damping in low inertia power systems to enhance frequency stability metrics
Horta, José Luis. "Innovative paradigms and architecture for future distribution electricity networks supporting the energy transition." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Paris, ENST, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018ENST0022.
Full textFuture electricity distribution grids will host an important and growing share of variable renewable energy sources and local storage resources. Moreover, they will face new load structures due for example to the growth of the electric vehicle market. These trends raise the need for new distribution grid architecture and operation paradigms to keep the grid stable and to ensure quality of supply. In addition, these new paradigms will enable the provision of advanced new services. In this thesis we propose a novel architecture capable of fostering collaboration among wholesale market actors, distribution system operators and end customers, to leverage flexible distributed energy resources while respecting distribution system constrains. The architecture is designed for providing innovative residential demand side management services, with a special focus on services enabled by self-consumption at the household and neighborhood level. Following these general objectives, the thesis provides three main contributions. First, based on internet of things and blockchain technology, we propose the building blocks for future distribution grid energy management architectures. Then, focusing on the services enabled by such architectures, we propose hour-ahead markets for the local exchange of renewable energy among households together with dynamic phase allocation mechanism to improve the quality of electricity supply. Finally, we propose a real time control mechanism for the adjustment of market decisions to satisfy distribution system operator constraints
Boutachali, Asmaa. "European Electricity Market : Interdependencies between European prices, Impact of derivatives trading on the volatility of the physical market and Effect of recent reforms." Thesis, Montpellier 1, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014MON10057/document.
Full textThis thesis examines the European electricity markets. It first evaluates the effectiveness of European commission reforms to create a single and unified electricity market in Europe against national policies measures, investigating the interdependencies of electricity prices in the main European markets including United Kingdom of Great Britain. To conduct the econometric analysis, Vector Autoregressive model and Granger causality test (Granger 1988) are used. It then studies the impact of the introduction of derivatives trading market on the price volatility of physical market through an econometric study with GARCH model. Finally, it examines the potential effect of changing reforms on electricity prices and security of supply and analyses the interaction between UK reforms and EU regulation
Vergnol, Arnaud. "Intégration dans le réseau électrique et le marché de l’électricité de production décentralisée d’origine renouvelable : gestion des congestions locales." Thesis, Ecole centrale de Lille, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010ECLI0014/document.
Full textDevelopment of wind generation is a mean towards global warming reduction. However, in some parts of the electrical grid, the massive integration of renewable generation can lead to congestion problems. These congestions are related to the impossibility for the power grid to transport the generation. Nowadays, congestion management methods are based on day(s)-ahead computation of generation restriction which leads to important production losses for renewables. Based on this context, it’s therefore important to develop a methodology which is optimal, reliable and non-discriminatory for renewable.In this work, the proposed congestion management method is based on corrective actions. These actions are computed in real-time using regulation loops and Petri net-based algorithms. A stability study proved that gain margins are sufficient to assure the stability of the corrective actions. The algorithm allows an optimal selection of the generators than will participate in the congestion management. This selection is based on their cost and efficiency for congestion alleviation. Simulation results using the software EUROSTAG have shown the efficiency of the method and its adaptability to different generator types. Furthermore, general conclusions on congestions costs according to different regulations on the renewable generation were obtained
Rodrigues, Lima Janailson. "Variable speed pumped storage plants multi-time scale control to allow its use to power system stability." Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017SACLE039.
Full textThe future energy mix used toproduce electricity will include large shares ofrenewable energy sources (renewables). Theintrinsic time varying nature of these sourceswill be in the first a hinder to power systems'stability, but as their share will increase theypower of the machine but only for a limited time(typically 5 – 10 seconds); the second stage isthe hydraulic system that reacts slower (afterapprox. 15 seconds) but has a lot of energystored.These different time scales can be of uppermostUniversité Paris-SaclayEspace Technologique / Immeuble DiscoveryRoute de l’Orme aux Merisiers RD 128 / 91190 Saint-Aubin, Francemust be explicitly taken into account in thefuture when stabilizing the network. Forconstant use of renewables, in a Europe-widemanner, large storage will be capital. This isalready partially the case today, where pumpedwater storage is largely used. In fact waterstorage still is the most reliable and efficientstorage system for large amounts of power. Buttoday this is still mainly dedicated to findnight/day or weekly equilibrium of productionand consumption. These store plants are ratherplanned for an on/off utilization and do notparticipate on ancillary services (dynamicparticipation on the short term equilibrium of aninterconnection of systems or regions).New technologies allow envisaging new usesfor large storage systems. Variable SpeedPumped Storage Plants (Variable Speed PSP)are now expected to be used in real time toprovide ancillary services, effectivelyparticipating in the stabilization of powersystems. The objectives of this work are to studysome of these possibilities. It will look atdifferent aspects of stabilization: Variable SpeedPSP can be seen from the outside like a twostage systems in cascade that reacts with timeconstants that are one order of magnitude apart.The system can react within 100ms with ratedimportance when considering system's stability.They allow Variable Speed PSP to be used as thecontrol input for different stabilizationproblems, but how to do it is still an openproblem. Today these stations are only used asstandard storage, allowing the match ofproduction and consumption within a region ornetwork. The objective now is to study their useto further applications, and in particular, to studythe possibility of using them as one of the keycomponents of the future Multi-terminal HVDCnetworks. Several questions are open, this workaims to answer part of them:Is it possible to use Variable Speed PSP forancillary services (transient stability forexample) in AC and/or HVCD networks?How to combine in an intelligent way HVDCand Variable Speed PSP?Optimum combination of fast and slow reactionin order to stabilize a power grid that combinesDC and AC?Is Variable Speed PSP a good way to increasethe capability of HVDC by adding a verydynamic storage element?How to merge the control of the HVDC line andthe Variable Speed?Can this setup help to damp oscillations in thegrid?
Ramos, milis Guilherme. "Apport des mesures des compteurs Linky pour la connaissance des charges du réseau de distribution." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université Grenoble Alpes, 2024. http://www.theses.fr/2024GRALT021.
Full textThe distribution grid occupies a central position in the energy transition. This results in two key changes for the network: an (r)evolution of uses and a digital (r)evolution. In this context, this thesis begins by creating a new mapping of the uses of data from smart meters. Building upon this mapping, the thesis will delve into two central themes of great importance in the context of energy transition. The first is an analysis of the Diversity Factor of Low Voltage (LV) charges and its estimation. The second involves estimating the load curves of customers on the LV grid using an innovative method
Monjoie, Léopold. "Securing Investments in Electricity Markets. Three Essays on Market Design." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université Paris sciences et lettres, 2024. http://www.theses.fr/2024UPSLD005.
Full textBecause electricity is at the heart of our modern economy, a significant challenge for economists is to ensure sufficient investment. Currently, in most developed countries, it is predominantly private actors who make both investment and consumption decisions. It is in this context that this thesis is concerned with understanding how to design markets that provide virtuous incentives to a diverse set of actors. The aim is then to induce efficient investment and consumption decisions. The methodology employed in this thesis is based on a theoretical representation of actor behavior in electricity markets and studies how this behavior interacts with the rules enacted in these same markets. The first chapter examines the behavior of producers in capacity markets. A capacity market allows generators to generate income in advance in exchange for their commitment to availability, which should provide incentives to invest sufficiently. The first chapter proposes a new approach to conceptualizing offers on these markets, using real options theory. In particular, this model describes the interaction between the characteristics of the contract sold on the capacity market, notably its duration, and the bids made by producers. In this way, the chapter sheds new light on price formation in these markets. The second chapter highlights the importance of choosing the right way to choose the demand on capacity markets. Indeed, it shows that, depending on the characteristics of the markets and the players involved, certain ways of taking demand into account in these markets can have unexpected effects on surplus. These effects can be both positive and negative. Finally, the last chapter raises the question of how to ensure sufficient investment when consumer demand is unknown. It describes the trade-off between financing investment and maximizing welfare. In particular, the chapter points out that setting up markets to achieve a certain level of investment can raise questions of redistribution, with some consumers being harmed even if overall welfare is maximized
Bai, Wenshuai. "DC Microgrid optimized energy management and real-time control of power systems for grid-connected and off-grid operating modes." Thesis, Compiègne, 2021. http://www.theses.fr/2021COMP2586.
Full textThis thesis focus on the research of the DC microgrid following two operation models: grid-connected mode, and off-grid mode including the islanded and isolated modes. The aim of this thesis is to propose a DC microgrid combining the advantages of the grid-connected or the off-grid mode, which named full DC microgrid. ln the full DC microgrid, the renewable energy sources, storage, and public grid are included, and the back-up sources also applied to reduce the load shedding. ln the full DC microgrid, a supervisory system is proposed to manage the power. The real-time power management in the operational layer of the supervisory system can keep the power balance. ln the optimization layer of the supervisory system, the day-ahead optimization is proposed to achieve the global minimal operation cost. The simulation results show that the full DC microgrid combines both advantages of the grid-connected and the off-grid mode to minimize the operating cost. Then, the supervisory system considers the dynamic efficiency of the converter to solve the problem that the power quality of the microgrid is degraded due to the unstable DC bus voltage caused by the inaccurate power control. The simulation results show that considering the dynamic efficiency of the converter in the operational layer of the supervisory system, the fluctuation of the DC bus voltage can be reduced. Regarding the importance of the PV prediction for the day-ahead optimization, two prediction modes are studied and compared to give a robust PV prediction power. The results are that the two models almost have the same results
Gotzig, Bernhard. "Recherche du schéma optimal d'exploitation d'un réseau de distribution électrique." Grenoble INPG, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997INPG0209.
Full textThe aim of this thesis is the exploration of the do main of the optimisation of the radial topology of a distribution system for different operation states on a real time basis. We have therefore developed several powerful computation utilities, especially a unified approach which may be used both for the optimisation in the normal state and for finding a restoration plan for the isolated llnfalllted areas in the case of an OLltage of an element in the network. In arder to satisfy the real time constraint, we have L1sed heuristic methods which permit the global optimum to be approached effeciently within a very short computation time. The verification of the results obtained by the heuristic methods is done using optimisation methods which are more dedicated for the research of the global optimum. In validating the proposed method with reallarge scale distribution networks, we have shown the efficiency of our approach in both computation time and the quality of the results
Salha, Fouad. "Microréseaux îlotables : étude et coordination des protections des générateurs et du réseau." Phd thesis, Ecole Centrale de Lille, 2010. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00865077.
Full textDenis, Guillaume. "Les nouvelles stratégies de contrôle d’onduleurs pour un système électrique 100% interfacé par électronique de puissance." Thesis, Ecole centrale de Lille, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017ECLI0020/document.
Full textIn the context of renewable energy and HVDC links development in power systems, the present work concerns the technical operations of such systems. As wind power, solar photovoltaics and HVDC links are interfaced to the transmission grid with power-electronics, can the system be operated in the extreme case where the load is fed only through static converters?Driving a power system only based on power electronic interfaced generation is a tremendous change of the power system paradigm that must be clearly understood by transmission grid operators. The traditional “grid-feeding” control strategy of inverters exhibits a stability limit when their proportion becomes too important. The inverter control strategy must be turned into a “parallel grid-forming” strategy.This thesis first analyses the power system needs, proposes the requirements for “parallel grid-forming” converters and describes the associated challenges. Accordingly, the thesis gives a method for designing a stable autonomous synchronization controls so that grid-forming sources can operate in parallel with a good level of reliability. Then, a method is proposed to design a voltage control for a grid-forming PWM source taking into account the limited dynamic of large converters. The robustness of the solution is discussed for different configuration of the grid topology. A current limiting strategy is presented to solve the current sensitivity issue of grid-forming converters, subject to different stressing events of the transmission grid. The ideas developed on a single converter are then applied on small grids with a limited number of converters to allow a physical interpretation on the simulation results
Ahmidi, Amir. "Participation de parcs de production éolienne au réglage de la tension et de la puissance réactive dans les réseaux électriques." Phd thesis, Ecole Centrale de Lille, 2010. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00590371.
Full textHorta, José Luis. "Innovative paradigms and architecture for future distribution electricity networks supporting the energy transition." Thesis, Paris, ENST, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018ENST0022/document.
Full textFuture electricity distribution grids will host an important and growing share of variable renewable energy sources and local storage resources. Moreover, they will face new load structures due for example to the growth of the electric vehicle market. These trends raise the need for new distribution grid architecture and operation paradigms to keep the grid stable and to ensure quality of supply. In addition, these new paradigms will enable the provision of advanced new services. In this thesis we propose a novel architecture capable of fostering collaboration among wholesale market actors, distribution system operators and end customers, to leverage flexible distributed energy resources while respecting distribution system constrains. The architecture is designed for providing innovative residential demand side management services, with a special focus on services enabled by self-consumption at the household and neighborhood level. Following these general objectives, the thesis provides three main contributions. First, based on internet of things and blockchain technology, we propose the building blocks for future distribution grid energy management architectures. Then, focusing on the services enabled by such architectures, we propose hour-ahead markets for the local exchange of renewable energy among households together with dynamic phase allocation mechanism to improve the quality of electricity supply. Finally, we propose a real time control mechanism for the adjustment of market decisions to satisfy distribution system operator constraints
Benahmed, Sif Eddine. "Distributed Cooperative Control for DC Microgrids." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université de Lorraine, 2021. http://www.theses.fr/2021LORR0056.
Full textIn recent years, the power grid has undergone a rapid transformation with the massive penetration of renewable and distributed generation units. The concept of microgrids is a key element of this energy transition. Microgrids are made up of a set of several distributed generation units (DGUs), storage units (SUs) and loads interconnected by power lines. A microgrid can be installed in several locations, for example in houses, hospitals, a neighborhood or village, etc., and operates either in connected mode to the main grid or in isolated (autonomous) mode. Microgrids are facing several challenges related to stability assurance, cyber-security, energy cost optimization, energy management, power quality, etc. In this work, we focus our attention on the control of islanded direct current microgrids. The main contribution is the design of a new distributed control approach to provably achieve current sharing, average voltage regulation and state-of-charge balancing simultaneously with global exponential convergence. The main tools are consensus in multi-agent systems, passivity, Lyapunov stability, linear matrix inequalities, etc. The thesis is divided into three parts. The First part presents the concept of microgrids, a literature review of their control strategies and the mathematical preliminaries required throughout the manuscript. The second part deals with the design of the proposed distributed control approach to achieve the considered objectives. The system is augmented with three distributed consensus-like integral actions, and a distributed-based static state feedback control architecture is proposed. Starting from the assumption that the agents (DGUs or SUs) have the same physical parameters, we provide proof of global exponential convergence. Moreover, the proposed control approach is distributed, i.e., each agent exchange relative information with only its neighbors through sparse communication networks. The proposed controllers do not need any information about the parameters of the power lines neither the topology of the microgrid. The control objectives are reached despite the unknown load variation and constant disturbances. In the third part, the proposed distributed controllers are assessed in different scenarios through Matlab/Simulink simulation and real-time Hardware-in-the-Loop experiment. The results show that the control objectives are successfully achieved, illustrating the effectiveness of the proposed control methodology
Wang, Ye. "Evaluation de la Performance des Réglages de Fréquence des Eoliennes à l’Echelle du Système Electrique : Application à un Cas Insulaire." Thesis, Ecole centrale de Lille, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012ECLI0027/document.
Full textThe increasing development of wind power that does not participate in frequency control leads to new challenges in the management of electrical power systems. The problems are more significant in weak power grids. The present thesis aims to evaluate the performance and the reliability of frequency response from wind turbines on a system-wide scale. Studies are applied onto an isolated power grid.First of all, the impact of high levels of wind penetration on primary reserve allocation and on grid dynamic behaviour is characterized. It is shown that the participation of wind turbines in frequency regulation is technically required for maintaining power system security from a certain wind penetration rate.Two solutions allowing wind turbines to contribute to frequency control are then studied through dynamic simulations. The performance of emulated inertia is characterized by taking into account the impact of initial wind operating point and controller parameters. The contribution of wind power reserve to system dynamic performance improvement is also identified.In order to assess the potential and the reliability of wind primary reserve, the last part of this research work is devoted to statistical analyses considering the variability and the prediction uncertainty of wind generation. Two strategies for reserve allocation are proposed and compared. The impact of forecast errors on the potential of wind power reserve is also highlighted. Finally the power frequency characteristic of a wind farm as well as the droop adjustment range is characterized
Isidoro, Cécile. "L'ouverture communautaire du marché de l'électricité à la concurrence et sa mise en oeuvre (Allemagne, France, Italie, Royaume-Uni)." Paris 2, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002PA020098.
Full textAparicio, Rodriguez Marina. "Modelling and Simulation of the IR-Drop phenomenon in integrated circuits." Phd thesis, Université Montpellier II - Sciences et Techniques du Languedoc, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00998547.
Full textFang, Ruyi. "Optimisation de l'insertion des liaisons souterraines dans le réseau électrique." Grenoble INPG, 1995. https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-01887891.
Full textBoëda, Didier. "Étude de la contribution du pilotage de charges à la fourniture de services aux réseaux électriques." Grenoble INPG, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009INPG0061.
Full textPower systems are nowadays facing new challenges with the electricity market deregulation, the introduction of distributed generation and the global consumption growth. Consequently, power grids will undergo more stresses and electrical loads will support the system. Thus, load control is considered to take part into networks management and services delivery. The research described in this thesis aims to introduce some load control capabilities in this aforementioned changing context. The contribution of residential thermal loads and household appliances into the management of incidents consequences are considered. Studies enable us to conclude that these kinds of loads have notable abilities for preventive and real time control. The results obtained and the innovation of this research subject, allow us to consider future studies such as, widening works including other type of loads to control and other services to deliver
Cardozo, Arteaga Carmen. "Optimisation of power system security with high share of variable renewables : Consideration of the primary reserve deployment dynamics on a Frequency Constrained Unit Commitment model." Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016SACLC024/document.
Full textThe Unit Commitment problem (UC) is a family of optimisation models for determining the optimal short-term generation schedule to supply electric power demand with a defined risk level. The UC objective function is given by the operational costs over the optimisation horizon. The constraints include, among others, technical, operational and security limits. Traditionally, the security constraints are given by the requirement of a certain volume of on-line spare capacity, which is called the reserve and is meant to handle uncertainty, while preventing the interruption of power supply. It is commonly specified following a static reliability criterion, such as the N-1 rule.Nevertheless, in small systems the fixed, and a priori defined, reserve constraint could entail a violation of the N-1 criterion, although the reserve constraint was met. More recently, the increasing share of variable generation from renewable sources (V-RES), such as wind and solar, may lead to UC solutions that no longer ensure system security. Therefore, different impact mitigation techniques have been proposed in literature, which include the revision of UC models to provide a better representation of the system dynamics. This subfamily of UC models is formally defined in this work as the frequency constrained UC problem (FCUC), and aims to keep the frequency above a certain threshold, following pre-defined contingencies, by adding enhanced security constraints. In this work this topic is addressed in four parts.The first part identifies the main challenge of formulating the FCUC problem. Indeed, the frequency minimum, also called the frequency nadir, constraint is strongly non-linear on the decision variables of the UC model. Moreover, the behaviour of the frequency nadir regarding the binary decision variables is hard to approximate by analytical functions. Thus, a sequential simulation approach is proposed, based on a classic UC model and a reduced order model of the primary frequency response. The potential benefits of a smarter allocation of the primary reserve is revealed.The second part of this work investigates the impact of V-RES sources on the primary frequency response. The underlying processes that lead to the increase of the Under-Frequency Load Shedding (UFLS) risk are thoroughly discussed. The need of formulating more accurate FCUC models is highlighted.The third part of this work examines the cost/benefit and limitation of FCUC models based on indirect constraints over certain dynamic parameters of the generating units. A methodology is proposed that assesses the effectiveness and optimality of some existing V-RES impact mitigation techniques, such as the increase of the primary reserve requirement, the prescription of an inertia requirement, the authorisation of V-RES dispatch-down or the consideration of fast non-synchronous providers of frequency regulation services. This study showed the need for new methods to properly handle the frequency nadir constraint in order to ensure optimality, without compromising the optimisation problem’s tractability.The fourth part of this work offers a new formulation of the FCUC problem following a Bender’s decomposition approach. This method is based on the decomposition of an optimisation problem into two stages: the master and the slave problems. Here, the master problem deals with the generating unit states and the slave problem handles the frequency nadir constraints through a cutting plane model. Simulation results showed that the more accurate representation of the frequency nadir in the slave problem reduces the risk of UFLS and the security cost, with respect to other FCUC models, such as those based on inertia constraints. In addition, the optimality of the global solution is guaranteed; although the convergence of the master problem is slow, due to the well-known tailing off effect of cutting plane methods
Shafiee, Khoor Mohsen. "Amélioration de la qualité de l'énergie à l'aide de compensateurs actifs : série, parallèle ou conditionneurs unifiés de réseaux électriques." Nantes, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006NANT2109.
Full textDue to deregulation in the power sectors of transmission and distribution, Power Quality (PQ) has become a distinguishing feature of electricity, to be treated as a commodity in the open market economy. On the other hand, the proliferation of power electronic equipment has lead to a significant increase of power quality problems. One of the major issues in improving power quality in distribution networks is the mitigation of network voltage distortions for proper operation of industrial process where there are sensitive and critical loads. The first to treat the voltage perturbations such as voltage dips, harmonics, flickers and voltage imbalances, the “dynamic voltage restorers” (DVR), based on the series active power filtering (SAPF) topology, is studied, analysed and discussed in detail in this thesis. Parallel active power filtering (PAPF); as a powerful tool for current harmonics and fundamental reactive power compensation; and their ontrol strategies are also studied. Different aspects concerning PAPF and SAPF, such as voltage and current distortion extraction, voltage source power converters and control strategies and design considerations are dealt with detail. To complete the studies a power flow study is presented to determine the power rating in different parts of a unified power quality conditioner (UPQC) during the faults, which are carried out in a flicker phenomena as an interesting case study. A novel analogical method of perturbation detection is proposed for active filtering, and to stay analogue, the analogue PID controllers are proposed for different parts of a complete UPQC system. Extensive computer simulation using MATLAB/SIMULINK Power System Blockset and experimental results are used to show the viability and performance of the proposed DVR, PAPF and UPQC for different voltage and current perturbations rejection in different conditions both in steady state and transient times
He, Zhaofeng. "Recherche d'indicateurs de stabilité transitoire de réseaux électriques." Toulouse, INPT, 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989INPT105H.
Full textPoulain, David. "Dimensionnement des réseaux métropolitains transparents à faible consommation d'énergie." Versailles-St Quentin en Yvelines, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013VERS0012.
Full textIn this thesis we address the problem of dimensionning metropolitan all-optical rings with low energy consumption. A new architecture for all-optical nodes, called Packet Optical Add-Drop Multiplexer (POADM), improves the performance of metropolitan networks while reducing their energy consumption and therefore their operating costs. A POADM is composed of advanced optical receivers whose unit cost is elevated. The number of these equipments is variable in each node and it determines the performance but also the capital expenditure of the network. We offer design solutions to both ensure network performance while minimizing the cost of deploying it
Ezzeddine, Mazhar. "Etude et coordination de protections dans les réseaux électriques." Paris 11, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010PA112143.
Full textOur thesis begins by an overview of the optimal coordination of overcurrent relays and distance relays. For an optimal coordination, the relays settings, being the time multiplier setting TMS, the pickup currents Ip and the operating time of the second zone of distance relay tz2, must be determined with the help of linear or nonlinear optimization methods. The objective of the overview is to identify the advantages and the drawbacks of the available methods. The principal disadvantages of the existing methods are no-optimal selection of pickup currents with linear optimization, then the complexity of nonlinear discrete optimization and finally the determination of no discrete settings of relays. Ln order to overcome these disadvantages, we have developed a new method for the optimal coordination of protective relays. The proposed method uses a linear formulation of the coordination problem in order to optimize the relay settings with values complying with setting ranges. The comparison with certain existing methods certifies the efficiency of the proposed method
Wang, De Kuan. "Contribution à l'étude probabilistique de la conduite des réseaux d'énergie électrique." Vandoeuvre-les-Nancy, INPL, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987NAN10324.
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