Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Réseaux électriques (Energie)'
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Marin, David Humberto. "Intégration des éoliennes dans les réseaux électriques insulaires." Phd thesis, Ecole Centrale de Lille, 2009. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00577097.
Full textMarin, Ceballos David Humberto. "Intégration des éoliennes dans les réseaux électriques insulaires." Thesis, Ecole centrale de Lille, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009ECLI0004/document.
Full textIslands are favourable places to the development of wind energy. Firstly, the production costs of the conventional generation are higher than on the interconnected grids. Secondly, there is an important wind potential in these regions. Finally, the wind energy makes possible to reduce the energy dependence of fossil products, to respect the Kyoto protocol and to ensure the future electricity supply of these regions with sustained growth.Currently, wind energy is fast-growing in the islands grids. This growth worries the grid operators because this production is very different from the conventional sources. Moreover, these grids could reach very quickly a high levels wind penetration because their low size. However, the insular grids are weak grids compare to the inter-connected grids. In this kind of grids, the massive insertion of wind turbines is accompanied by particular characteristics which might damage operation of the electric system. The present study was carried out in order to analyze the impact on increase wind energy penetration in the insular grids and to propose solutions allowing the development of this energy sources in these areas. In this respect, several strategies of control were proposed. Firstly, two control strategies of the reactive power exchanged by the wind farms with the grids were compared, in order to minimize the voltage increasing in the distribution grids with strong wind penetration. Secondly, two control strategies were implemented in order to regulate the grid frequency through wind turbines. The control strategies were implemented on Matlab-Simulink then validated on EUROSTAG. Initially, they were evaluated in a simplified network in order to study more precisely and in a systematic way the influence of the choice and parameter settings of control in the dynamic behaviour of a weak grid. Then, they were extended to the distribution grid of Mont-Dore in New Caledonia and to the Guadeloupe electric grid
Coutard, Olivier. "Une analyse économique de l'accès aux réseaux électriques d'interconnexion." Phd thesis, Marne-la-vallée, ENPC, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994ENPC9440.
Full textRuiz, gomez Lina maria. "Intégration de la production éolienne aux réseaux électriques : approches techniques et économiques." Phd thesis, Université de Grenoble, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00844387.
Full textRios, Mario Alberto. "Modélisation pour analyses dynamiques des réseaux électriques avec compensateurs de puissance réactive-SVC." Grenoble INPG, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998INPG0099.
Full textThis thesis studies the modeling and analysis of power System containing static VAR compensators (SVC). Low-order models, calculated by Hankel singular-value truncation réduction and N4Sid dynamic identification, provide the foundation for the modeling and analysis techniques. For cases where many SVCs or FACTS (Flexible AC Transmission Systems) devices are installed in a power System, a new subsystem structure based on thèse low-order modeling techniques has been developed. The proposed low-order models allow the computation of low-order LQG-type (Linear Quadratic Gaussian Regulator) control laws, as well as low-order robust controls, which provide a better performance relative to traditional SVC controls (proportional type). Using the subsystem structure formulated in this thesis, methods for calculating decentralized controllers for power Systems hâve been conceived. In addition, through the use of structured singular values, a new robustness analysis technique has been developed which allows the détermination of stability boundaries through the calculation of closed-loop transfer functions. The theoretical approaches in this work hâve been applied to a test power system containing 11 nodes, as well as a larger 173-node test system
Maginier, Sylvain. "Le filtrage des défauts dans l'analyse de la sécurité dynamique en temps réel des grands réseaux électriques." Grenoble INPG, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998INPG0168.
Full textOn-line dynamic security analysis is very difficult to realize because of the numerous calculations necessary in just a few minutes. Until now, no methods hâve been able to accomplish this task. In this context, contingency screening is very important because it allows reducing significantly the number of calculations. The scope of this study has been to realize contingency screening with existing transient stability analysis methods. First, the main transient stability analysis methods hâve been studied and tested with four power Systems. Subsequently, the most efficient methods hâve been modified and improved to increase their speed, reliability and accuracy, Following thèse modifications, two new dynamic security analysis methods hâve been designed. The first method allows a quick and accurate détermination of the power System stability. The second method allows the précise CCT calculation within a few simulations. From thèse two methods which hâve complementary characteristics, a multi-level contingency screening method has been proposed. This screening method is reliable, accurate and fast
Kamajaya, Samuel. "Renforcer la résilience des micro-réseaux grâce à une seamless opération : De la conception au démonstrateur P-HIL." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université Grenoble Alpes, 2024. http://www.theses.fr/2024GRALT037.
Full textAs our world transitions to sustainable energy, microgrid integration, including decentralized PV and Battery Energy Storage Systems (BESS), has seen substantial growth and widespread adoption, particularly in tertiary buildings. This thesis focuses on enhancing BESS technology to ensure uninterrupted power supply to critical loads while maintaining regulatory compliance. In the event of grid loss, microgrids switch the supply to BESS. The research examines the requirement for a seamless transition that critical loads can tolerate during a grid loss, which results in a value of 10 milliseconds. In order to meet this requirement, a fast and reliable method for detecting a loss of main is proposed. Additionally, various inverter control strategies have been developed to achieve seamless transitions from grid following to grid forming, ensuring disruption times due to grid loss in less than 10 ms while minimizing overvoltage. Moreover, an advance sequence of operation is proposed to ensure the grid code compliance and DERs operation during the transition. The research is validated by experimental prototypes and a small microgrid demonstrator using P-HIL, which increase technology readiness level
Canard, Jean-François. "Impact de la génération d'énergie dispersée dans les réseaux de distribution." Grenoble INPG, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000INPG0137.
Full textPower systems are undergoing profound changes due to the deregulation of the power industry. One of the consequences of this deregulation is the emergence of dispersed generation in distribution networks. The introduction of this generation within the existing distribution networks cao have important effects that should he carefully assessed. This thesis deals with the identification and assessment of these impacts on distribution networks (voltage, short-circuit currents, stability, critical clearing time. . . ). These impacts are highlighted by using dynamic simulations and by using small signaIs theory tools (eigenvalues and participation factors). Furthennore, several optimisation algorithms are used in order to insert this dispersed generation in the existing distribution networks in an optimum way (security, enhanced performances. . . ). Optimisation algorithms (algorithm of Minimax, genetics, simplex and simulated annealing) are also implemented to irnprove the voltage profile of distribution networks with dispersed generation. In addition, sorne of these algorithms are used to coordinate the gains contained in the controllers of the dispersed generations in order to improve the stability of the networks. Influence indices are also defined in arder to identify the influence areas ofthe dispersed generation on the distribution networks
Cimmino, Francesco Maria. "Essais sur la création d'une centrale électrique virtuelle pour les petites et moyennes entreprises." Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2021. http://www.theses.fr/2021AIXM0564.
Full textA PhD thesis "on the job" is a bridge between the academic and the economic world. In this thesis, these two worlds came together to provide solutions to Swiss companies that want to create virtual power plants (VPP). In order to be able to tackle the subject, I started the thesis by analysing the legislative aspects that have allowed the development of this technology, where the most important element is the "Winter pack" of the European Commission which define common rules to open the energy market. Then I focused on the explanations of the technical developments for the VPP, which are linked to the developments of the "Smart Grid" concept. The end of the introduction of my thesis is a short view on economic theories, which allows the reader to understand the structure of the financial markets where the VPP valuation is possible.After this introduction, which will enable the readers to become familiar with the subject, there are three scientific articles where I have analysed problems that companies are facing in this sector. The forecasting of energy demand, production, and secondary market prices.The articles have helped to address the issues by providing efficient forecasting methodologies in comparison with the literature; in addition, companies use some of these models.The methodologies to answer these issues come from the world of finance (ARMA, SETAR, Var) and machine learning (LSTM, GRU), but also from contributions from other disciplines such as marketing (MCA) and geostatistics (IWD)
Riachy, Léa. "Contribution à la commande d'un onduleur multiniveaux, destinée aux énergies renouvelables, en vue de réduire le déséquilibre dans les réseaux électriques." Thesis, Normandie, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017NORMR076/document.
Full textThe work in this research thesis presents a contribution to voltage regulation in electrical networks. By considering adequate active and reactive powers injection into the grid, voltage control and load balancing are provided. These powers are generated from a grid connected renewable energy conversion system : a special attention was paid to the Wind Energy ConversionSystem (WECS) based on Doubly-Fed Induction Generator (DFIG).The typical control strategy for WECS is the maximum power coefficient tracking method. However, this method limits desirable ancillary power services, such as the participation of wind turbines in voltage regulation in the power grid. Therefore, a new method that derives the optimal power coefficient enhancing the participation of WTS in voltage regulation in the network (reactive and unbalanced power compensation), has been developed. The multilevel NPC (Neutral Point Clamped) converter, used for grid interface connection of renewable energy sources systems, has been studied. A predictive control method for the three-level NPC converter, capable of simultaneously compensating the problems of : DC link capacitors voltage balancing, load balancing and power factor correction in the power system, has been proposed. Then, the application of this predictive control was extended to simultaneously achieve multiple objectives: load balancing with power factor correction in the network, DC link capacitors voltage balancing, switching losses minimization and common mode voltage reduction. The switching losses minimization was obtained by proposing a new strategy which consists on exploiting the manufacturer datasheets that gives the evolution of the switching loss energy in function of the circulating current. The experimental curves of the datasheet are expressed in a mathematical model implemented in the predictive control. Simulation and experimental results are presented to evaluate the performance of the proposed method
Wen, Xin. "Optimisation stochastique pour la planification de la production d’électricité dans une communauté énergétique locale en situation d'incertitude liée aux énergies renouvelables." Thesis, Centrale Lille Institut, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020CLIL0017.
Full textIn electrical systems, the unit commitment (UC) and power scheduling plans the operating of generating units over a short-term planning horizon in order to satisfy the load demand under system operating constraints. Nowadays, energy communities have emerged with individual community energy requirements and increasing capacity deployment of distributed energy resources. The high penetration of renewable energy sources (RES) increases power system uncertainty while the load demand is growing. Hence, traditional deterministic approaches for UC should evolve to stochastic optimization. The main goal of this thesis is to propose probability-based and stochastic optimization methodology for optimal generation and operating reserve (OR) scheduling decisions in an urban microgrid with the wish to address the minimization of operating costs and emissions. Power supply and reserve provision must take into account the uncertainty due to RES and the load demand forecasting errors, while considering the trade-off between security and economic operation. Finally, a user-friendly Supervisory Control And Data Acquisition (SCADA) system is developed with the Matlab GUI to integrate and visualize the energy management operation
Said, Dhaou. "Modèles et protocoles pour les interactions des véhicules électriques mobiles avec la grille." Thèse, Université de Sherbrooke, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/11143/6055.
Full textBenamane, Siad Sabah. "DC Microgrids Control for renewable energies integration." Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019SACLE006.
Full textThe large penetration intermittent energy sources, presents a new challenges to power systems' stability and reliability; we consider in this work their connection through a Direct Current (DC) MicroGrid and a hybrid storage system, in order to satisfy constraints of connection to the network (the so-called Grid-Codes). The main objective here is to design a system that can fulfil these requirements and allow us to attain a Plug and Play behaviour; this approach is based on the “System of Systems philosophy'' using distributed control methodologies.This thesis constitutes a contribution for DC MicroGrid control and introduces a rigorous dynamics' analysis.. The stabilization of the system is based on storage devices: batteries for energy balance and long term response of power flow, while supercapacitors deal with power balance and fast response.First it will be presented the analysis of the DC MicroGrid which control is designed based on detailed models of energy sources and storage systems. This grid may present an unstable behaviour created by the source’s intermittent output power, switching ripples from the power converters and their power electronic and oscillatory currents produced by some types of loads. Therefore the system is subject to both fast and slow variations. The stabilization of such systems will be based on the operation of different technologies of storage, such as battery and supercapacitor, in different time scales.We propose a hierarchical control scheme, based on nonlinear control theory, in particular Lyapunov, backstepping and input/output feedback linearization. The proposed DC MicroGrid and its control are then verified both by computer simulations and by experiments. The results show the good performance of the system under variations on production and on consumption
Janssen, Pierre. "Monitoring, protection and fault location in power distribution networks using system-wide measurements." Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/209366.
Full textThanks to cost reductions and improvement of information and communication technologies, future distribution networks will probably have advanced communication infrastructures and more measurement devices installed in order to manage the increasing complexity of those networks, which is primarily caused by the introduction of distributed generation at the distribution level.
Therefore this thesis investigates how the monitoring, protection and fault location functions can be improved by using system-wide measurements, i.e. real-time measurements such as synchronized voltage and current measurements recorded at different network locations. Distributed synchronized measurements bring new perspectives for these three functions: protection and fault location are usually performed with local measurements only and synchronized measurements are not common in monitoring applications. For instance, by measuring distributed generators infeed together with some feeder measurements, the protection is expected to be more sensitive and selective and the fault location to be more accurate.
The main contribution of this work is the use of state estimation, which is normally only used for network monitoring, for the protection and the fault location.
The distribution system state estimation is first developed using the classical transmission system approach. The impact of the placement of the measurement devices and of a relatively low measurement redundancy on the accuracy, on the bad data detection and on the topology error identification capabilities of the estimator are discussed and illustrated. This results in recommendations on the placement of the meters.
Then, a backup protection algorithm using system-wide measurements is presented. The coherence of the measurements and the healthy network model are checked thanks to a linear three-phase state estimation. If the model does not fit to the measurements and if the estimated load is too high or unbalanced, a fault is detected. The advantages of the method are that the voltage measurement redundancy is considered, improving the detection sensitivity, and that load models may be considered in the algorithm, avoiding the need to install measurement devices on every line of the network.
Finally, two new impedance-based fault location algorithms using distributed voltage and current recordings are proposed. By defining statistical errors on the measurements and the network parameters, a method to compute a confidence interval of the fault distance estimate is proposed. The fault location accuracy and its sensitivity to the fault conditions (e.g. fault resistance or fault type) and to the different sources of error are assessed on a simulated distribution system.
Doctorat en Sciences de l'ingénieur
info:eu-repo/semantics/nonPublished
Tabart, Quentin. "Modélisation et commande d'une interface à base d'un convertisseur NPC pour système de stockage hybride dédié micro-réseau." Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes (ComUE), 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019GREAT076.
Full textThe increasing rise of distributed generation integration in the energy mix is a challenging issue. Indeed distributed generation based on renewable energy sources like solar and wind creates fluctuation of the grid’s parameter and can lead to minor issues like harmonics, over or under voltages, flicker and so on, or to major failure like blackouts. The concept of microgrid associated with energy storage systems is seen as a potential solution to increase renewable energy integration to the grid, while increasing efficiency and reliability at the same time.A review of energy Storage technologies is carried out and it results that currently none of these technologies can offer energy and power capabilities while fast response and efficiency at the same time. The use of Hybrid Energy Storage System allows to reach such performance. For this thesis, a Li-Ion and a Vanadium Redox Flow Battery have been selected for their good power and energy abilities respectively, and their high round trip efficiency.The main contribution of this work lies in the structural limits analysis of the topology and the control algorithm for the four leg three level NPC used as a multipurpose interface between a Renewable Energy Source, a Hybrid Energy Storage System and a Microgrid. The effectiveness of the proposed algorithms and limits model are tested both in simulation and experiments. Ancillary services like frequency and voltage support are then developed and tested in simulation under various conditions
Kanchev, Hristiyan. "Gestion des flux énergétiques dans un système hybride de sources d’énergie renouvelable : Optimisation de la planification opérationnelle et ajustement d’un micro réseau électrique urbain." Thesis, Ecole centrale de Lille, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014ECLI0001/document.
Full textThe presented research works aim to develop an energy management system for a cluster of distributed micro gas turbines and controllable PV generators called «active generators». The general principles of electricity generation from renewable and non-renewable energy sources are first presented. The operation of actual electric grids is also recalled in order to highlight the challenges and expected innovations in future Smart Grids. Then, the integration of a novel method for maximum and limited power point tracking in a PV-based active generator is presented. The modeling of micro-gas turbines in a microgrid energy management system is also presented. The main contribution of this thesis concerns the design of an operational planning of generators one day ahead by the means of a dynamic programming-based algorithm, taking into account the PV power production and the consumption forecasts. The proposed method calculates the production planning of generators by performing a global optimization of an objective function. An adjustment algorithm is proposed and executed every ½ hours through a communication network in order to take into account the uncertainty in forecasted values. An urban microgrid is used for testing the developed algorithms through Supervisory Control and Data Acquisition (SCADA) with hardware-in-the-loop and real-time simulations. Comparisons of the microgrid operation in identical situations with different objective functions are performed, as well as evaluations of economic and environmental indicators
Courchelle, Inès de. "Vers une meilleure utilisation des énergies renouvelables : application à des bâtiments scientifiques." Thesis, Toulouse 3, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017TOU30196/document.
Full textThe work of this thesis deals with the optimization of energy and computer flows in an intelligent network aiming to supply a data center via renewable energies. In this thesis are treated the problems related to the pooling of energy and computer information in a strong reactivity constraint through the creation of an architecture for an intelligent network. The modeling of such a network must allow the decision making in a dynamic and autonomous way. The objective of this modeling, via an intelligent network, is the optimization of renewable resources in order to reduce the ecological footprint
Harsan, Horea. "Analyse cyclique de sécurité : approche temps réel et intégration dans la gestion prévisionnelle." Grenoble INPG, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996INPG0166.
Full textRauma, Kalle. "Aspects industriels de la gestion de tension et la capacité d'accueil de la génération photovoltaïque dans les réseaux basse tension." Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes (ComUE), 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016GREAT036/document.
Full textIn this thesis, voltage measurements provided by the advanced metering infrastructure (AMI) are used to control an on-load tap changer located at the secondary substation. The thesis presents a practical and a straightforward method of selecting the low voltage customers whose voltage measurements are used as an input to the controller of the on-load tap changer. The developed method takes into account the load and the topology of the network. Furthermore, a simple method of creating synthetic and statistically correct load curves for networks studies is presented. The created methods have been tested by using real data of low voltage networks on a common platform in the power distribution industry leading to encouraging results; a few customers per low voltage network should be monitored in order to achieve accurate voltage measurements.This methodology is further applied to estimate the hosting capacity of photovoltaic power generation in a given low voltage network.In the first part, the evolution of the hosting capacity by using three different types of voltage control; an on-load tap changer of five and nine tap positions and voltage control through photovoltaic power generators, is studied. The study considers two different cases for placing and sizing the photovoltaic generators in a low voltage network. The results of 38 low voltage networks are provided.In the second part, the hosting capacities of 631 low voltage networks, located in a French metropolitan area, are analysed by using an on-load tap changer of five and an on-load tap changer of nine tap positions.The work has been together with Électricité Réseau Distribution France (ERDF), the major French distribution system operator. All studies presented in the thesis are based on the real operational data of the company. Moreover, all studies are implemented on a platform that is widely used in the power distribution industry.As an introductory part to low voltage networks, the thesis provides a general view about the French power system. In addition, the thesis presents a number of selected technologies considering low voltage networks that seem promising in the future
Sadeghzadeh, Nokhodberiz Seyed Mohammad. "Amélioration de la stabilité transitoire des oscillations d'un réseau électrique à l'aide de SMES et de SSSC." Grenoble INPG, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998INPG0033.
Full textPacaud, François. "Decentralized optimization for energy efficiency under stochasticity." Thesis, Paris Est, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018PESC1147/document.
Full textNew energy systems are designed to absorb a large share of renewableenergy in a decentralized fashion. Their optimized management raises specificissues. We study mathematical formulation as large scale multistagestochastic optimization problems. We focus on time and space decompositionmethods in a stochastic setting.In the first part of this manuscript, Time decomposition inoptimization and management of home microgrids, we apply stochasticoptimization algorithms to the management of small scale microgrids. We compare different optimization algorithms on two examples:a domestic microgrid equipped with a microCombined Heat and Power generator and a battery;a domestic microgrid equipped with a battery and solar panels.In the second part, Mixing time and spatial decomposition inlarge-scale optimization problems, we extend the previous studies tolarger microgrids, where different units and storage devices are connected together. As a direct resolution by Dynamic Programming of such large scale systemsis untractable, we propose original algorithms mixing time decomposition on the one hand, and price and resource spatial decomposition on the other hand.In the third part, Contributions to Stochastic Dual Dynamic Programming,we focus on the Stochastic Dual Dynamic Programming (SDDP) algorithm,a well-known algorithm to solve multistage stochastic optimizationproblems. We present a new stopping criteria based on a dual versionof SDDP which gives a deterministic upper-bound for the primal problem
Mohamed, Amgad. "Modélisation et contrôle des turbines hydrauliques pour l'intégration des sources d'énergies renouvelabless." Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes (ComUE), 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019GREAT027.
Full textRecently, renewable energy resources such as, wind and solar energy, have become integral parts of electric grids as clean energy alternatives to fossil fuels. However, the quality of production of such resources of energy depends on different uncertain factors, for instance, weather conditions. Therefore, dealing with the intermittent nature of renewable energy resources is one of the main challenges when using them on a larger scale.A possible solution to reduce the effects of energy resources intermittency on energy production and grid's stability, is to use energy storage technologies. Pumped storage power plants (PSPs) seem to be the unique clean storage method that can be used to counteract the intermittent nature of wind and solar energy. PSPs make use of pumps-turbines which are capable of working as pumps to store excess electric energy in the grid, and as turbines to generate electric energy, when more electric energy is needed. Thus, PSPs help in stabilizing the grid in the presence of intermittent renewable energy resources.The emphasis in this work is on turbine start-up operating mode for PSPs. In PSPs, the start-up operating mode is usually visited multiple times, as a result of switching back and forth between pumping and turbine modes. Thus, enhancing the performance of the speed governors used for starting-up becomes more important when dealing with PSPs to enable a rapid voltage recovery.This PhD thesis is part of the multidisciplinary INNOVHYDRO project that includes different laboratories and enterprises such as, GIPSA-lab where this thesis was prepared, G2Elab, GE and EDF.In this thesis, a controller architecture that takes into account the computational limitations of existing microcontrollers in use at GE, is proposed. It provides a solution to the problem of fast turbine start-up, while avoiding the excitation of sharp pressure oscillations. In addition, torque constraints are easily integrated to achieve smoother start-up, which reduces the fatigue of the mechanical components, resulting from repetitive start-up of turbines.Different approaches are proposed to tune the controller gains, while taking into account the nonlinear dynamics of the actuator used at GE. To begin with, a tuning methodology is outlined to guarantee the asymptotic stability and the closed-loop performance, while minimizing the guaranteed upper bound on the output tracking error. In addition, a systematic optimization approach is developed to select the controller gains to minimize time needed to get a stable start-up, while respecting maximum torque constraints. Moreover, randomized algorithms are used to choose the controller parameters such that robustness certificates are obtained on the resulting controller.Furthermore, a simulator has been developed for hydraulic power plants and used to test the proposed controller. The simulator constitutes of a system of continuous differential equations, which systematically model the behavior of the different components of the hydraulic power plant such as, penstocks, tunnels, reservoirs and surge tanks. In addition, the nonlinear behavior and unstable regions 'S-characteristics' of hydraulic turbines, usually modeled by Hill charts, are successfully taken into consideration. Moreover, the actuator's nonlinear dynamics are included in the overall mathematical model
Ovalle, villamil Andres. "Gestion coorpérative de flotte de véhicules électriques en vue de son intégration optimale au réseau électrique." Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes (ComUE), 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016GREAT101.
Full textWith a stock of Plug-in electric vehicles (PEVs) under continuous grow during the last ten years, concerns have been raised in terms of their charging infrastructure and their integration into the electricity distribution systems. If PEVs are considered as a fleet, both their impact and benefit for the electrical power system can be substantial. The general objective of this thesis is to propose and develop decentralized algorithms allowing to mitigate the most critical impacts expected to occur with the integration of PEVs. Taking into account the reversibility of chargers, the proposed algorithms are intended to consider re-injection of energy, in order to provide ancillary services to the grid. Moreover, algorithms are supposed to consider the stochastic nature of variables like the arrival and departure of PEVs, their initial state of charge, among others. Under these premises and taking into account earlier contributions, this thesis introduces a centralized approach and a distributed optimization approach in order to have a solid benchmark for the justification of the most elaborate contributions of the last part of this work. After these first experiences, the most important contribution of this thesis is represented in two decentralized optimization methodologies that were developed in details based on concepts of evolutionary game theory. Both of them introduce the concept of fairness in the allocation of tasks and resources among PEVs, and give more weight to social constraints represented on the role of PEV owners in the load managing process. Furthermore, one of these methodologies includes alternatives to integrate fast charging rates in the scheduling process, while the other methodology allows PEVs to provide ancillary services like valley filling, peak shaving, active and reactive power balancing, and reactive power supply
Guezgouz, Djamel. "Contribution à la modélisation du réseau électrique domestique en vue de la caractérisation du canal de propagation CPL." Phd thesis, Université François Rabelais - Tours, 2010. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00922801.
Full textYan, Xingyu. "Gestion énergétique sous incertitude : Application à la planification et à l'allocation de réserve dans un micro réseau électrique urbain comportant des générateurs photovoltaïques actifs et du stockage." Thesis, Ecole centrale de Lille, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017ECLI0005/document.
Full textThe massive development of intermittent renewable energy technologies in power systems affects the operation of electrical systems. Due to technical limitations and investments needed to maintain the current electrical security level, issues related to dispatching, static and dynamic stability could stop the development of these distributed renewable energy sources (RES). The subject of the PhD is to develop a tool to study the uncertainties of PV power and load forecasting in an urban network. Firstly, the uncertainties are modeled by studying the uncertainty nature of PV power and load. With stochastic methods, the day-ahead operating reserve (OR) is quantified by taking into account an associated reliability risk index. Then the OR is dispatched into different power generators (active PV generators and micro gas turbines). To minimize the microgrid total operational cost and/or equivalent CO2 emissions, day-ahead optimal operational planning and dispatching of the OR into different power generators is implemented. Finally, a freeware “A User-friendly Energy Management System and Operational Planning Supervisor” is developed based on the Matlab GUI to conceptualize the overall system operation
Alvarado, Ruiz Mario Alberto. "Conception, dimensionnement et évaluation de performance d'un réseau innovant pour la recharge des véhicules électriques en zone urbaine." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Paris, ENST, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015ENST0057.
Full textIn order to reduce the impact of global warming, the European Commission has decided in the continuation of the Kyoto protocol to reduce drastically greenhouse gas emissions. In this matter, the progressive replacement of thermal vehicles by electric ones is considered as a key objective. For that purpose, several prerequisites must be considered for the rapid deployment of Electrical Vehicles (EV) in the European market. The first of these prerequisites consists in the design of a new generation of batteries with higher energy efficiency, larger capacity and improved robustness. The second one is the design and rapid deployment of cost effective charging infrastructures. At last, the emergence of European standards in all these matters is an imperious necessity for the viability of the EVs European market. This thesis is mainly focused on the second of these three prerequisites. It is widely admitted that in the short term, EVs usage will be essentially limited to urban areas before being extended to the whole territory. As it is considered by the French National TELEWATT research project to which we have contributed, street lighting networks can be used judiciously to deploy in the short term low cost charging infrastructures. The basic principle of this project consists in coupling to each street light one or two EV's charging stations if one or two parking spots are located nearby. Various electrical constraints specified in the TELEWATT project must be satisfied to enable EVs' charging without degrading the quality of the lighting system. In this thesis, we begin to demonstrate the feasibility of such an operation. For that purpose, we have developed a simulator enablingto depict the dynamic behavior of the global system. The strength and originality of this simulator resides in its capacity to determine in real-time and with the necessary precision if an EV can effectively be connected to a charging station. The response to this question depends on static and dynamic characteristics of the street lighting network and on the state of charge of the batteries of both the connected and candidate EVs. The dynamism of the charging process of each EV strongly depends on the instantaneous power consumed by the global infrastructure. The second original result of this thesis consists in the design of scheduling policies to activate the various charging stations. Our objective is to propose via these scheduling policies, various types of guaranteed Quality of Service (QoS) to the end-users. Such guarantees can be declined for instance in terms of expected state of charge for a given parking term
Clemot, Hélène. "Etude de l’intégration des systèmes houlomoteurs au réseau électrique : Développement d’un modèle « de la vague au réseau électrique »." Thesis, Ecole centrale de Nantes, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017ECDN0048/document.
Full textPower quality is an important issue for the development of marine renewable energies, in particular wave energy. Due to the oscillatory nature of the oceans waves, the wave energy converters output power profile can present fluctuations in the range of seconds. The impact of these devices on the electric grid therefore needs to be investigated for wave farms to be connected to the grid. In order to emulate an operating direct drive wave energy converter, study power quality improvement and test different control strategies, a wave-to-wiremodel has been developed.Simulations carried out with this model for different grid strengths and different levels of sea-state showed that it is necessary to foster solutions to improve power quality. Thus, the wave energy converters aggregating and dispersion effects on power quality have been investigated. As it does not seem sufficient to meet the grid codes requirements, another solution have been considered, consisting of the insertion of an energy storage system into the chain. Finally, a part of the model has been validated using a hardware-in-the-Loop test bench including a motorbench, power modules to emulate the grid and power electronic's control and super capacitors module
Vinot, Benoît. "Conception d'un système d'information distribué pour la conduite des flexibilités dans un réseau de distribution électrique : modélisation, simulation et implémentation." Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes (ComUE), 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018GREAM043/document.
Full textThe energy sector and the electrical networks in particular, provide great and indispensable services to our modern societies. Unfortunately, they also bring some serious drawbacks, especially with regard to the environment. These drawbacks are becoming more and more unacceptable; that is why the energy sector is trying to reduce them as much as possible, in the framework of the so-called energy transition.In addition to mandatory efforts in terms of energy efficiency and sobriety, two major directions of improvement have been identified: on the one hand, the progressive replacement of some conventional power plants with renewable production units; and on the other hand, the transfer of several non-electrical usages towards electricity --- in particular in the area of mobility.The integration of these new devices into electrical networks raise new technical challenges which, since the early 2000s, have been driving a lot of work about so-called "smart grids": electrical networks compatible with the requirements of the energy transition, ie. able to host new devices like photovoltaic solar panels and charging stations for electric vehicles, notably through the increasing usage of new information and communications technologies.Among the difficulties mentioned above, which limit the hosting capacity of the network, there are congestions ie. physical constraints limiting the amount of power that may be transmitted through a given infrastructure. Our work is devoted to the management of congestions. The fundamental issue thereon is to define a sequence of decisions, computations, communications and in fine actionsthat allows to move from a constrained situation on the electrical distribution network, to a situation in which the action of local flexibilities has lifted the constraint; in other words, to a situation where increasing or decreasing local generation and/or consumption, or taking some other control action, relieved the network.The aim of this thesis is to contribute to the development of conceptual and computing tools that will allow us to answer the fundamental aforementioned issue. Our work thus deals with the modelling of flexible electrical distribution networks, and with the tangible implementation of selected models in the form of ad hoc simulation software, specifically designed for the study of such networks
Fayet, Pierre. "Modélisation des réseaux électriques ferroviaires alimentés en courant alternatif." Phd thesis, Ecully, Ecole centrale de Lyon, 2008. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00479836/en/.
Full textGenet, Benjamin. "On monitoring methods and load modeling to improve voltage stability assessment efficiency." Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/210258.
Full textThe aim of this thesis is the improvement of the voltage stability assessment efficiency. Two orientations are studied: the monitoring methods and the load modeling.
The purpose of the monitoring methods is to evaluate the voltage stability using only measurements and without running simulations.
The first approach considered is local. The parameters of the Thevenin equivalent seen from a load bus are assessed thanks to a stream of local voltage and current measurements. Several issues are investigated using measurements coming from complete time-domain simulations. The applicability of this approach is questioned.
The second approach is global and uses measurements acquired by a Wide-Area Measurement System (WAMS). An original approach with a certain prediction capability is proposed, along with intuitive visualizations that allow to understand the deterioration process leading to the collapse.
The load modeling quality is certainly the weak point of the voltage security assessment tools which run simulations to predict the stability of the power system depending on different evolutions. Appropriate load models with accurate parameters lead to a direct improvement of the prediction precision.
An innovative procedure starting from data of long measurement campaigns is proposed to automatically evaluate the parameters of static and dynamic load models. Real measurements taken in the Belgian power system are used to validate this approach.
Doctorat en Sciences de l'ingénieur
info:eu-repo/semantics/nonPublished
Baroche, Thomas. "Marchés pair-à-pair de l’électricité dans les réseaux électriques." Thesis, Rennes, École normale supérieure, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020ENSR0022.
Full textThe deployment of distributed energy resources, combined with a more proactive demand side management and energy management systems, is inducing a new paradigm in power system operation and electricity markets. Within a consumercentric market framework, peer-to-peer approaches have gained substantial interest. Peer-to-peer markets rely on multi-bilateral negotiation among all agents to match supply and demand. These markets can yield a complete mapping of exchanges onto the grid, hence allowing to rethink market–grid interactions.This thesis treats three main challenges which needs to be overcome before considering real world implementations: (i) scalability to host a growing number of distributed users and resources, (ii) compatibility with grid constraints, and (iii) resilience to stochastic power injections. After a complexity analysis, scalability of peer-topeer markets and the proposed negotiation mechanism to solve them is enhanced by three improvements reducing algorithmic and structural complexities. Feasibility of the peer-to-peer electricity market is eventually obtained with the use of network charges. Two approaches are proposed to handle these network charges. The first, exogenous, requires the system operator to provide them a priori before negotiations start. In the second, the system operator updates network charges endogenously at each iteration to better account for the current grid status. Finally, power forecasts of stochastic agents are taken in a more comprehensive way by the developpement of peer-to-peer market on both energy and capacities, used to restore power balance in case of misdipatch due to forecast errors
Duverger, Emilien. "Réseau électrique intelligent pour les nouveaux usages." Thesis, Perpignan, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019PERP0027/document.
Full textWith the transformation of the energy landscape due to the development of renewable energies, electric vehicles and storage systems, the current grid needs to be modernized. Microgrid concept is a promising solution based on information and communication technologies to improve the management and efficiency of electricity generation, transmission, distribution and consumption. However, the technical and economic challenges associated with their deployment are numerous. The thesis aims to provide contributions on several key points: production and consumption forecasting, equipment modeling, and microgrid management optimization.Rivesaltes-grid is a microgrid demonstrator on the scale of an industrial building consisting of 60 kWp photovoltaic array, 85 kWh lithium-ion batteries and an electric vehicle. It has enabled the development of an innovative energy management system (EMS) to optimize the microgrids energy efficiency. This EMS, based on predictive control management and the resolution of a constrained optimization problem, reduces operation cost by 6.2%. This microgrid management requires as input: (1) the production prediction based on a random forest algorithm and a modeling of the PV field by 1-diode model, (2) the consumption prediction from partitioning algorithm k-means++ and (3) dynamic modeling of the storage system with its constraints
Ruiz, Gomez Lina Maria. "Intégration de la production éolienne aux réseaux électriques : approches techniques et économiques." Thesis, Grenoble, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012GRENT089/document.
Full textThe development of Renewable Energy for electricity production has increased due to theEuropean policies and directives to prevent climate change. This political context is promoting amassive insertion of intermittent wind electricity production into electrical networks. There are stilldoubts about the limitations of integrating wind power into the electrical networks. For this reason,we focus on the study technical and economic aspects to approach these limitations. The firstpurpose of this research is to determine the effectiveness of the economical incentives policies inorder to stimulate growth in the wind power production. The second one is to evaluate the technicalproblems in the short and long term caused by the intermittency of wind power. In the short-term,the problems of power systems as well as the adjustments in the electricity market are discussed. Inthe long term, the impact of wind power reliability (in the network) is evaluated by using an algorithmto calculate the capacity credit of wind power
Bridier, Laurent. "Modélisation et optimisation d'un système de stockage couplé à une production électrique renouvelable intermittente." Thesis, La Réunion, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016LARE0038/document.
Full textThis thesis aims at presenting an optimal management and sizing of an Energy Storage System (ESS) paired up with Intermittent Renewable Energy Sources (IReN). Firstly, wedeveloped a technico-economic model of the system which is associated with three typical scenarios of utility grid power supply: hourly smoothing based on a one-day-ahead forecast (S1), guaranteed power supply (S2) and combined scenarios (S3). This model takes the form of a large-scale non-linear optimization program. Secondly, four heuristic strategies are assessed and lead to an optimized management of the power output with storage according to the reliability, productivity, efficiency and profitability criteria. This ESS optimized management is called “Adaptive Storage Operation” (ASO). When compared to a mixed integer linear program (MILP), this optimized operation that is practicable under operational conditions gives rapidly near-optimal results. Finally, we use the ASO in ESS optimal sizing for each renewable energy: wind, wave and solar (PV). We determine the minimal sizing that complies with each scenario, by inferring the failure rate, the viable feed-in tariff of the energy, and the corresponding compliant, lost or missing energies. We also perform sensitivity analysis which highlights the importance of the ESS efficiency and of the forecasting accuracy and the strong influence of the hybridization of renewables on ESS technico-economic sizing
Montenegro, Martinez Davis. "Diakoptics basée en acteurs pour la simulation, la surveillance et la comande des réseaux intelligents." Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes (ComUE), 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015GREAT106/document.
Full textSimulation of power systems is an important tool for designing, developing and assessment of new grid architectures and controls within the smart grid concept for the last decades. This tool has evolved for answering the questions proposed by academic researchers and engineers in industry applications; providing different alternatives for covering several realistic scenarios. Nowadays, due to the recent advances in computing hardware, Digital Real-Time Simulation (DRTS) is used to design power systems, to support decisions made in automated Energy Management Systems (EMS) and to reduce the Time to Market of products, among other applications.Power system simulations can be classified in the following categories: (1) Analog simulation (2) off line simulation (3) Fully digital simulation (4) Fast simulation (5) Controller Hardware-In-the-Loop (CHIL) simulation and (6) Power Hardware-In-the-Loop (PHIL) simulation. The latest 3 are focused on Real-Time Hardware-In-the-Loop (RT-HIL) simulation. These categories cover issues related to Electromagnetic Transients (EMT), phasor simulation or mixed (phasor and EMT). As mentioned above, these advances are possible due to the evolution of computing architectures (hardware and software); however, for the particular case of power flow analysis of Distribution Systems (DS) there are still challenges to be solved.The current computing architectures are composed by several cores, leaving behind the paradigm of the sequential programing and leading the digital system developers to consider concepts such as parallelism, concurrency and asynchronous events. On the other hand, the methods for solving the dynamic power flow of distribution systems consider the system as a single block; thus they only use a single core for power flow analysis, regardless of the existence of multiple cores available for improving the simulation performance.Divided into phase and sequence frame methods, these methods have in common features such as considering a single sparse matrix for describing the DS and that they can solve a single frequency simultaneously. These features make of the mentioned methods non-suitable for multithread processing. As a consequence, current computer architectures are sub-used, affecting simulator's performance when handling large scale DS, changing DS topology and including advanced models, among others real life activities.To address these challenges this thesis proposes an approach called A-Diakoptics, which combines the power of Diakoptics and the Actor model; the aim is to make any conventional power flow analysis method suitable for multithread processing. As a result, the nature and complexity of the power system can be modeled without affecting the computing time, even if several parts of the power system operate at different base frequency as in the case of DC microgrids. Therefore, the dynamic load flow analysis of DS can be performed for covering different simulation needs such as off-line simulation, fast simulation, CHIL and PHIL. This method is an advanced strategy for simulating large-scale distribution systems in unbalanced conditions; covering the basic needs for the implementation of smart grid applications
Alvarado, Ruiz Mario Alberto. "Conception, dimensionnement et évaluation de performance d'un réseau innovant pour la recharge des véhicules électriques en zone urbaine." Thesis, Paris, ENST, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015ENST0057/document.
Full textIn order to reduce the impact of global warming, the European Commission has decided in the continuation of the Kyoto protocol to reduce drastically greenhouse gas emissions. In this matter, the progressive replacement of thermal vehicles by electric ones is considered as a key objective. For that purpose, several prerequisites must be considered for the rapid deployment of Electrical Vehicles (EV) in the European market. The first of these prerequisites consists in the design of a new generation of batteries with higher energy efficiency, larger capacity and improved robustness. The second one is the design and rapid deployment of cost effective charging infrastructures. At last, the emergence of European standards in all these matters is an imperious necessity for the viability of the EVs European market. This thesis is mainly focused on the second of these three prerequisites. It is widely admitted that in the short term, EVs usage will be essentially limited to urban areas before being extended to the whole territory. As it is considered by the French National TELEWATT research project to which we have contributed, street lighting networks can be used judiciously to deploy in the short term low cost charging infrastructures. The basic principle of this project consists in coupling to each street light one or two EV's charging stations if one or two parking spots are located nearby. Various electrical constraints specified in the TELEWATT project must be satisfied to enable EVs' charging without degrading the quality of the lighting system. In this thesis, we begin to demonstrate the feasibility of such an operation. For that purpose, we have developed a simulator enablingto depict the dynamic behavior of the global system. The strength and originality of this simulator resides in its capacity to determine in real-time and with the necessary precision if an EV can effectively be connected to a charging station. The response to this question depends on static and dynamic characteristics of the street lighting network and on the state of charge of the batteries of both the connected and candidate EVs. The dynamism of the charging process of each EV strongly depends on the instantaneous power consumed by the global infrastructure. The second original result of this thesis consists in the design of scheduling policies to activate the various charging stations. Our objective is to propose via these scheduling policies, various types of guaranteed Quality of Service (QoS) to the end-users. Such guarantees can be declined for instance in terms of expected state of charge for a given parking term
Horta, José Luis. "Innovative paradigms and architecture for future distribution electricity networks supporting the energy transition." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Paris, ENST, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018ENST0022.
Full textFuture electricity distribution grids will host an important and growing share of variable renewable energy sources and local storage resources. Moreover, they will face new load structures due for example to the growth of the electric vehicle market. These trends raise the need for new distribution grid architecture and operation paradigms to keep the grid stable and to ensure quality of supply. In addition, these new paradigms will enable the provision of advanced new services. In this thesis we propose a novel architecture capable of fostering collaboration among wholesale market actors, distribution system operators and end customers, to leverage flexible distributed energy resources while respecting distribution system constrains. The architecture is designed for providing innovative residential demand side management services, with a special focus on services enabled by self-consumption at the household and neighborhood level. Following these general objectives, the thesis provides three main contributions. First, based on internet of things and blockchain technology, we propose the building blocks for future distribution grid energy management architectures. Then, focusing on the services enabled by such architectures, we propose hour-ahead markets for the local exchange of renewable energy among households together with dynamic phase allocation mechanism to improve the quality of electricity supply. Finally, we propose a real time control mechanism for the adjustment of market decisions to satisfy distribution system operator constraints
Amicarelli, Elvira. "Stratégies de gestion des réseaux électriques intelligents à fort taux de production renouvelable distribuée." Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes (ComUE), 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017GREAT056/document.
Full textIn 2007 with the renewable energy directive, the European Union established the development of a low-carbon economy. This directive aims to decrease greenhouse gas emissions by increasing the energy produced by renewable energy. Already today, the massive diffusion of renewable systems is tangible in the European electricity mix. However, in spite of their potential benefits, their large-scale integration leads to new technical and regulatory questions. Consequently, new management strategies need to be developed and applied in order to ensure a reliable and economical operation of the system. Microgrids are considered to be one of the most effective and flexible solutions able to meet these new needs.The main goals of this thesis are the conceptualization, development and implementation of different management strategies for microgrids. The algorithms developed aim to facilitate the massive integration of renewables and at the same time lead to an effective and economic operation of the systems. A new architecture of distribution grids based on cluster of microgrids was proposed. Each microgrid is composed of a number of renewable-based and conventional generation systems, storage systems and consumption. An optimal and distributed energy management strategy was then defined and developed. This strategy allows to manage the short-term energy management and real-time control of microgrids by using the connected sources in a smart and cost-efficient way. A multi-agent system and the mixed integer linear optimization technique were used for the implementation of this strategy.From a global point of view, each microgrid is seen as a coherent entity, which can support network operation by using its flexible and aggregated sources. Hence, the second part of this thesis aims to understand how distribution grids can exploit these cluster of microgrids and their properties. Different mechanisms for the active management of distribution grids are conceptualized from the technical and economical point of view. A new strategy based on hierarchical management of different smart levels allow to reduce the complexity of the system and to implement a more flexible and extensible system, thanks to a more local use of model knowledge and users behaviour. On the end, the theoretical work were tested on an experimental test-bed in order to show the effectiveness of the proposed theories
Ma, Kun. "Système énergétique territorial face à la montée en puissance des énergies renouvelables : modélisation de la transition appliquée à La Réunion." Phd thesis, Rouen, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012ROUEL008.
Full textFrom the concept of territorial energy system (TES), defined as a coupling between a territorial system and an energy system, and after that the actual situation and different possibilities of energy transition being examined, we model the energy transition of the Reunion electrical system, with a multi-agent model developed under the Anylogic platform. In this model, the power plants and the substation HV/MV, localized in IRIS and connected with the electricity network, form the exchange interface between the two subsystems coupled. The dynamic of the model is based on two levels of nested temporalities. Interaction between territorial dynamics and energy dynamics is achieved through hourly simulation of resources (solar, wind, hydraulic) and demand (load curves), based on hourly observations (weather data, data of load curves, etc. ), and calibrated with the statistics of production and consumption of the reference year. Scenarios are structured by assumptions about the demand and production, and are with a time horizon of decades and an annual granularity. They allow to understand the effect of different combinations of parameters (threshold of saturation of PV, storage, PV coverage, demand, etc. ), to get insights on how the energy system can evolve. This could be used to provide aids to policies decisions according to objectives (reducing greenhouse gas emissions, control of prices of energy, development of renewable. . . )
Ma, Kun. "Système énergétique territorial face à la montée en puissance des énergies renouvelables : modélisation de la transition appliquée à La Réunion." Phd thesis, Université de Rouen, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00732678.
Full textVergnol, Arnaud. "Intégration dans le réseau électrique et le marché de l’électricité de production décentralisée d’origine renouvelable : gestion des congestions locales." Thesis, Ecole centrale de Lille, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010ECLI0014/document.
Full textDevelopment of wind generation is a mean towards global warming reduction. However, in some parts of the electrical grid, the massive integration of renewable generation can lead to congestion problems. These congestions are related to the impossibility for the power grid to transport the generation. Nowadays, congestion management methods are based on day(s)-ahead computation of generation restriction which leads to important production losses for renewables. Based on this context, it’s therefore important to develop a methodology which is optimal, reliable and non-discriminatory for renewable.In this work, the proposed congestion management method is based on corrective actions. These actions are computed in real-time using regulation loops and Petri net-based algorithms. A stability study proved that gain margins are sufficient to assure the stability of the corrective actions. The algorithm allows an optimal selection of the generators than will participate in the congestion management. This selection is based on their cost and efficiency for congestion alleviation. Simulation results using the software EUROSTAG have shown the efficiency of the method and its adaptability to different generator types. Furthermore, general conclusions on congestions costs according to different regulations on the renewable generation were obtained
Wu, Yu. "System operation and energy management of EV charging stations in smart grid integration applications." Thesis, Bourgogne Franche-Comté, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019UBFCA030.
Full textElectric vehicles (EV) have the advantages of zero direct emissions and high electrical energy conversion efficiency. However, EV charging facilities remain largely scarce due to the high investment and operation costs. In order to improve the penetration rate of EV charging facilities, the system control and economic operation optimization of EV charging stations (EVCS) are studied in this thesis.Firstly, as the control fundamentals of upper-level energy management system (EMS), the primary control techniques are studied for the real-time operation of an EVCS. In order to ensure the stability, dynamic capability of the EV charging micro grid system, this work investigated the coordinated control techniques of an EVCS with a local PV system and ESS.Secondly, in order to reduce the operation costs of the EVCS, an approximate dynamic programming (ADP) based EMS is proposed for the EVCS equipped with multiple types of chargers (EVCS-MTC). Multiple EVs can acquire the charging service through a common charger in the EVCS-MTC. In the proposed EMS, the ADP and the evolution algorithm (EA) are combined to determine the optimal charging start time for each EV.Lastly, in order to integrate the renewable energy into EVCS, a finite-horizon Markov Decision Process (MDP) formulation is proposed for the optimal operation of a PV assisted EVCS in a university campus, employing the vehicle-to-grid (V2G) technology to provide ancillary services and taking dynamic electricity price and uncertain behaviors of EV owners into considerations
Roche, Robin. "Algorithmes et architectures multi-agents pour la gestion de l'énergie dans les réseaux électriques intelligents." Phd thesis, Université de Technologie de Belfort-Montbeliard, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00864268.
Full textLegry, Martin. "Control of distributed energy resources for primary response of grid-interactive micro-grids." Thesis, Lille 1, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019LIL1I099.
Full textThis work focuses on the control of a grid-interactive micro-grid to provide ancillary services to a weak power system, and more particularly a primary frequency and voltage response at the point of common coupling (PCC). The first objective of this thesis is to supervise a micro-grid in order to ensure stable operation while enforcing the economic objectives defined by an external optimizer.Then, a novel three-step methodology has been developed. First, to provide the ancillary services at the PCC, it is necessary to estimate and coordinate the flexibility of heterogeneous equipment such as distributed generators, renewables, storages, etc. An optimization algorithm is proposed for the aggregation of these flexibilities to deduce the maximum active and reactive power flows that the micro-grid can provide. The second step determines the possible behavior of the micro-grid at its PCC. Finally, two new control algorithms have been developed to ensure a droop-like behavior at the PCC. A first solution, based on a centralized Model Predictive Control based supervisor, ensures a real-time adjustment of the set-points. The second one is a distributed solution that determines new primary local control laws for DERs. The effectiveness of the two control architectures has been validated by simulation with a benchmark micro-grid model
Melhem, Fady Y. "Méthodes d'optimisation et de gestion de l’énergie dans les réseaux intelligents "Smart Grids"." Thesis, Bourgogne Franche-Comté, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018UBFCA014/document.
Full textThe current electricity grids will experience a profound change in the coming years. The new generation is the Smart Grid (SG) which is characterized by information and communication layer enabling the communication between the different components of the grid. It needs to consider all sides of power grid, making it more intelligent and flexible. This notion is presented as an answer to changes in the electricity market, aiming to manage the increased demand while ensuring a better quality of service and more safety.First, we present a mixed integer linear programming formulation to optimize the energy production and consumption systems in a smart home with an effective deployment of several distributed energy resources. Then through the design of experiments with the Taguchi method, diverse scenarios are introduced by varying significant factors. Afterward, a heuristic technique is proposed to solve the problem of residential energy management by finding the global optimum solution for many consecutive days with significant reduction of execution time.Second, an energy management model is proposed thanks to mathematical models to optimize the grid, renewable energy resources, battery and electric vehicles are presented as well as for different type of thermal and electrical appliances. An exact solution method is implemented to reduce the electricity cost in a smart home and find out operation modes of different loads. Then a math-heuristic optimization algorithm is proposed to solve the problem with extended simulation time horizon.Finally, we study a microgrid energy management problem which comprises multiple smart homes. Each of them owns renewable energy resources, one electric vehicle and smart appliances. The renewable energy resources inject the excess energy in the shared energy storage system. An optimized energy management model using mixed integer linear programming is proposed to reduce the total electricity cost in the microgrid. Comparisons with conventional scenarios where each smart home has its individual small energy storage system without sharing energy with their neighbors are done to ensure that the proposed formulation is well efficient
Horta, José Luis. "Innovative paradigms and architecture for future distribution electricity networks supporting the energy transition." Thesis, Paris, ENST, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018ENST0022/document.
Full textFuture electricity distribution grids will host an important and growing share of variable renewable energy sources and local storage resources. Moreover, they will face new load structures due for example to the growth of the electric vehicle market. These trends raise the need for new distribution grid architecture and operation paradigms to keep the grid stable and to ensure quality of supply. In addition, these new paradigms will enable the provision of advanced new services. In this thesis we propose a novel architecture capable of fostering collaboration among wholesale market actors, distribution system operators and end customers, to leverage flexible distributed energy resources while respecting distribution system constrains. The architecture is designed for providing innovative residential demand side management services, with a special focus on services enabled by self-consumption at the household and neighborhood level. Following these general objectives, the thesis provides three main contributions. First, based on internet of things and blockchain technology, we propose the building blocks for future distribution grid energy management architectures. Then, focusing on the services enabled by such architectures, we propose hour-ahead markets for the local exchange of renewable energy among households together with dynamic phase allocation mechanism to improve the quality of electricity supply. Finally, we propose a real time control mechanism for the adjustment of market decisions to satisfy distribution system operator constraints
Nasr, Sarah. "Optimisation d’un réseau ferroviaire à l’aide de solutions smart-grids." Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016SACLC026/document.
Full textIncreasing energy efficiency is nowadays a requirement in all technical fields. The reduction of global consumption, thus carbon footprint, has become the world's priority, as for example, the climate and energy package of the European Union.Railways' share of energy consumption is one of the highest. Electrical solutions are developed in order to reduce these systems' losses, optimize their consumption and reduce global energy bill. Given their diversity, two main categories are considered in this study. The first one consists of urban lines that are characterized by a DC electrification and a relatively dense traffic. In this case, braking energy burned in trains' rheostats represents the main share of losses. The proposed solution is to recuperate this energy using a DC micro-grid implemented in a passengers' station. It allows an interaction with the non-railway electrical environment, for example, re-using this energy in charging electric hybrid buses parked nearby. The excess of braking energy is recuperated using a DC/DC converter and injected into a DC busbar. A second DC/DC converter will store it in a hybrid storage system. It will then serve to charge the buses connected to the DC busbar. The micro-grid is also connected to the grid using a low power AC/DC converter. A power management system ensures optimizing power flow between different components. An energy evaluation showed that this solution is a good Investment especially because no contract is needed with the energy provider. The system's stability is studied and a stabilizing command, the backstepping, is applied. This new smart station allows railways to communicate, energetically, with its evolving environment.The second category is suburban and high speed lines that are AC electrified. Contrarily to the previous case, braking energy is reinjected to the upper grid through substations. Therefore, a second solution is to reduce global energy consumption by optimizing trains' speed profiles and timetable's synchronization. It is done using a differential evolution algorithm. Each speed profile is divided into zones to which are associated driving parameters. The optimization of the latter allowed generating new optimal speed profiles and a less-consuming timetable. Simulation results showed that it is possible to make important energy savings while respecting train's punctuality
Chariag, Dhia Elhak. "Elaboration d'un outil d'analyse du réseau électrique domestique dans la bande CPL." Phd thesis, Université François Rabelais - Tours, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00918136.
Full textKrakowski, Vincent. "Intégration du renouvelable et stratégie de déploiement du réseau électrique : réconciliation d'échelles spatio-temporelles dans des exercices prospectifs de long terme." Thesis, Paris Sciences et Lettres (ComUE), 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016PSLEM025/document.
Full textPower systems are currently facing several issues in order to evolve and integrate less carbon-heavy, and potentially more local, production. Prospective model-based analysis is a precious tool for exploring the possible long-term developments of these systems and comparing their advantages and disadvantages. However, to ensure relevance, it is important to reconcile the spatial and temporal phenomena that occur at various scales. Power system management depends on constantly maintaining a complex supply- demand balance. Meeting this challenge requires anticipating demand variations and power plant availability, combined with regulation systems to resolve remaining discrepancies. These regulations are activated in from a few seconds up to several hours. On shorter timescales, power systems show inherent robustness: the power grid creates an electromagnetic coupling between synchronous machines allowing them to share their inertia. This inertia, which takes the form of kinetic energy, is instantaneously available to face natural demand or supply fluctuations. To ensure that proposed long-term scenarios are consistent with the robustness requirements of power systems, which enable their management, this robustness must be assessed using prospective modeling. In this work, we propose an indicator, calculable within prospective studies, which assesses power system stability, namely its ability to return to synchronism after a perturbation. This indicator is based on an aggregated description of the transportation power grid and describes the electromagnetic coupling brought by the power grid. When combined with a bottom-up model from the MARKAL/TIMES family describing the French power system, this synchronism indicator, along with another indicator quantifying the available kinetic reserve, enables us to assess the consequences of renewable penetration, especially in terms of power system robustness
Moeini, Ali. "Application of battery energy storage in the Québec interconnection." Doctoral thesis, Université Laval, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/26903.
Full textThe Battery Energy Storage (BES) offers significant potential benefits at generation, transmission, distribution, and consumption levels of power systems. More specifically, this technology is considered by various operators around the globe, as a component of incorporating high amounts of renewable energy and as a key tool for large-scale power networks. In addition, other highly valued benefits can be captured by deploying BES technologies in smart grid such as facilitating power management, reducing green house gas emissions, reducing marginal losses, providing emergency power source for some users, and increasing energy efficiency in networks. This thesis comprises three phases: phase 1) application of BES for loss reduction, phase 2) application of BES as spinning reserve for vulnerability mitigation, phase 3) introducing a new method for improving frequency oscillation using reactive power modulation and application of BES for primary frequency reserve. The phase 1, application of BES for loss reduction is divided itself in two steps: step one: optimal allocation and step two: optimal utilization. In step one, Non-dominated Sorting Genetic Algorithm II (NSGA-II) has been coded on Centre de CAlcul Scientifique de l'IREQ (CASIR), the supercomputer of IREQ, as multi-objective evolutionary algorithm that extracts a set of optimal solution for optimal sizing and siting of multiple BESs while minimization of power losses and the total installed capacity of the BES units are simultaneous objective functions. For the sake of step two, a number of solutions are chosen and developed over one year taking into account the hour/rate/efficiency/power factor of the charge and discharge modes while marginal loss reduction or energy efficiency improvement are set as main goals. Phase 1 provides a complete answer for BES allocation and scheduling problem on Québec interconnection. Concerning the phase 2, a new vulnerability index has been introduced, formulated and studied which is suitable for modern power systems that comprise BESs. The NSGA-II is re-executed while minimization of proposed vulnerability index and total installed capacity are main goals. The results reveal that application of BES may prevent major blackouts in some cases. The phase 3 presents a novel idea for adding virtual inertia to power systems using reactive power modulations. The phase 3 also presents a primary study on application of BESs for primary frequency reserve. Generic battery model is introduced to simple Quebec interconnection model in MATLAB. Simulation results confirm the applicability of both active and reactive powers of BES architecture for frequency regulation.