Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Réseaux (Philosophie de l'organisation)'
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Légaré, Renée. "Fragmentation et recomposition de la fonction patronale." Doctoral thesis, Université Laval, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/67303.
Full textMoussiliou, Coles Moudjib. "Collaboration et partage de coûts dans un réseau d'entreprises." Thesis, Université Laval, 2008. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2008/25903/25903.pdf.
Full textHakimi, Driss. "From Network to Web dimension in supply chain management." Doctoral thesis, Université Laval, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/25002.
Full textThis thesis argues that the network dimension as the current scope of supply chain management is confining the evolution of this field and restricting the conceptual and fundamental innovations required for addressing the major challenges imposed by the evolution of markets and the increased intricacies of business relationships. The concepts of chain and network are limitative when attempting to represent the complexity of physical, informational and financial flows resulting from the interactions occurring in overlapping networks. They lack the theoretical foundations necessary to explain and encompass initiatives that go beyond a single chain or network. They also lead to overlook substantial opportunities that require beyond a network vision. Therefore, the “web” dimension, as networks of networks, is proposed as an extension to the network dimension in supply chain management. This new scope is the natural next step in the progression from the internal operations management level to the supply chain level and then to the supply network level. After a theoretical investigation of why and how the web dimension should be integrated into the supply chain management field, the thesis studies and discusses important implications of this integration on inter-organisational collaboration and of the decision-making processes in the logistic web environments. It demonstrates through the example of open interconnected logistic webs some of the potentials that cannot be imagined without a web vision. A methodology for designing a simulation model to assess the impact of such open webs versus existing webs is proposed. Since decision support is a key element in supply chain management, the thesis contributes to determine the needs of supply chain managers and identify the important axes for designing decision support systems that provide adequate assistance in dealing with the challenges and complexity presented by logistic web environments. The identified elements result in the establishment of a foundation for designing software solutions required to handle the challenges revealed by the web dimension. This conceptual framework is applied to the prototyping of four applications that have the potential of providing practitioners and researchers with the appropriate understanding and necessary tools to deal with the complexity of logistics webs.
Crave, Alain. "Quantification de l'organisation des réseaux hydrographiques." Phd thesis, Université Rennes 1, 1995. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00620071.
Full textBonvin, Jean-Michel. "L'Organisation Internationale du Travail : entre philosophie et sociologie du droit." Paris 4, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997PA040088.
Full textThe possibility of defining universal principles of justice is undoubtedly one of the most controversial themes of the contemporary thought. Authority arguments do not suffice any more in a democratic context and many authors consider relativism as the only legitimate solution. Other thinkers refuse this capitulation and try to demonstrate rationally the universality of the principles of justice. These two groups of theories (relativism and pure rationalism) are equally insufficient : on one side the stress is put on the irreducibility of the ideological conflict and the very possibility of defining universal principles is denied, on the other one the reality of the ideological antagonisms is put aside and the absolute supremacy of reason is strongly asserted. To appreciate the measure of validity of these conceptions and try to remedy their insufficiencies, it is necessary to leave the theoretical field and analyse an actual case. For this purpose, this study concentrates on the international labour organisation and strives to show the founding of the legitimacy of the norms elaborated in this institution. Far away from all the relativist capitulations and the abstract simplifications, it tries to assume the sociological complexity of the problem of justice
Duarte, Dias Leila Christina. "Les réseaux de télécommunication et l'organisation territoriale et urbaine au Brésil." Paris 4, 1991. http://www.theses.fr/1991PA040045.
Full textIn the first part of this thesis the formation and the evolution of the Brazilian’s urban network are analyzed. Emphasis is attributed on the historical role played by different types of networks (transport and telecommunication). The second part has as scope to yield the analytical tools which will enable the comprehension of the present articulation between the telecommunication and urban networks. The recent history of the Brazilian telecommunications is studied, as well as the implementation of the industrial and the spatial policies: where did the impulsing forces come from? How was the territory equipped? What kind of services was privileged? In the third part we return to the study of the Brazilian’s urban organization, which complexity and diversity should be attributed to the emergence of new economic and technical strategies. The identification of the main trends of organization is enabled by the analysis of the size and the direction of the informational 'vectors' joining the Brazilian cities. Such an informational flow adds a new dimension to the study of the urban networks
Lalanne, Aurélie. "L'organisation hiérarchique du système urbain canadien : 1971-2001." Bordeaux 4, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010BOR40052.
Full textPrezel, Eléa. "Impact de tau et ses formes pathologiques sur l'organisation des réseaux microtubulaires." Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes (ComUE), 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017GREAV044/document.
Full textMicrotubules are key components of the eukaryotic cytoskeleton and are involved in major cellular events. They undergo constant remodeling through alternative cycles of growth and shrinkage of their extremities, a behavior known as dynamic instability. Microtubules are particularly abundant in neurons; they are organized into bundles within axons and dendrites to maintain the polarized shape of these highly specialized cells and to allow cargo transport. Numerous factors regulate the plasticity of the microtubule network in neurons. Among them, tau is a neuro-specific microtubule-associated protein (MAP). Tau is a major microtubule bundler also known to stabilize microtubules by promoting their growth and inhibiting their shrinkage. Although the interaction of tau with microtubules has been widely studied, the mechanisms by which this protein controls the spatial organization of microtubules remain elusive. To address this question, we reconstitute in vitro microtubule self-organization in presence of various tau isoforms, fragments and mutants. We find that the ability of tau to induce stable microtubule bundles depends on two conserved hexapeptides in tau’s microtubule-binding domain and is modulated by tau’s projection domain. Furthermore, our data demonstrate that site-specific phosphorylation of tau inhibits either microtubule bundling or stabilization generating alternative networks composed of stable single or dynamic bundled microtubules. We also show that some disease-related mutations closed to the hexapeptides strikingly enhance the capacity of tau to form bundles of highly dynamic microtubules. Finally, cryo-EM experiments indicate that tau proteins induce microtubule lattice defects known to soften microtubules, a primary structural change allowing microtubule-bending deformation during bundling. Overall, our results highlight novel phospho-dependent mechanisms by which tau regulates microtubule network organization. This work also reveals how abnormal modifications of tau, such as abnormal phosphorylation or mutations found in Alzheimer’s disease and related dementia, might alter cytoskeleton organization during neurodegeneration
Drouet, Isabelle. "Causalité et probabilités : réseaux bayésiens, propensionnisme." Phd thesis, Université Panthéon-Sorbonne - Paris I, 2007. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00265287.
Full textMikael, Larose. "L'organisation sociale des femelles chamois (Rupicapra rupicapra) dans une aire protégée." Mémoire, Université de Sherbrooke, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/11143/8920.
Full textCarbone, Andrea L. "La représentation de l'organisation spatiale du corps chez Aristote." Paris 1, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005PA010691.
Full textHoijtink, Thierry. "Organisation, missions et performances qualitatives des réseaux de communication gérant l'information commerciale ascendante dans l'organisation industrielle." Paris 9, 1986. https://portail.bu.dauphine.fr/fileviewer/index.php?doc=1986PA090037.
Full textThe purposes of this document are : to set off the ideas which grounded the establishment and the orientation of human organizations which are devoted to circulate the commercial data from the "field" throughout the firm. To examine the existing links between the firm's commercial success on the short, middle and long terms and the quality of the information, and between the quality of the information and the efficiency of the system in charge of collecting this information
Vard, Patrick. "Éléments pour une analyse économique de l'organisation des marchés de titres." Orléans, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001ORLE0503.
Full textChouli, Ahmed. "Contribution à l'élaboration d'une méthodologie d'aide au travail coopératif pour l'organisation distribuée multi-sites communs." Aix-Marseille 3, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004AIX30026.
Full textThis research study has focused on enhancing collaborative work carried out on geographically separated sites. It forms part of a project involving the entire European aeronautical industry and called ENHANCE consortium for ENHanced AeroNautical Concurrent Engineering, for witch EUROCOPTER leader. No means exist for really working together from different sites, i. E. Not only for exchanging information asynchronously (correspondence, e-mails), but also for discussing and studying modifications together, and for negotiating and taking decisions together. Tanks to the proposed model, the methodology and the new collaborative works tools, the design/production teams - whose work locations are often far apart - can not only solve the problems more quickly and efficiently, but also take crucial decisions as soon as the problem occurs, and not days or even weeks later. This therefore saves both time and a considerable amount of work in the respective organizations
Brubach, Jean-Blaise. "Etude de l'effet du confinement et de la température sur l'organisation en réseaux connectifs des molécules d'eau." Paris 11, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002PA112069.
Full textThe aim of this study is to quantitatively evaluate the extent of the perturbation of water organisation rising a well-controlled confining medium. We have selected two reversed micelles systems, ionic (AOT) or not (DMP), and one lamella systems in a range of size between 10 and 200 angstrom involving typically water pool of 10 to 130000 water molecules. Besides, when not available in the litterature the micelle sizes have been precisely measured using Small Angle Neutron Scattering in order to establish the link between the structure and the organisation of the water molecules. This step allowed the study of systems with well-known sizes and geometries. The use of a Fast Fourier Transform Spectrometer coupled with synchrotron radiation (SIRLOIN beamline) in far infrared has allowed to realise measurements of these highly absorbent samples with a good signal to noise ratio. Thanks to its spectral range, the ensemble SIRLOIN is well adapted to both the study of all the intermolecular and intramolecular mode of vibration of the water molecule as well as to the study of the vibration of the molecules forming the confining system itself. We present here the first study of the bulk water in mid-infrared and far infrared region as a function of the temperature and the first comparison with predictions from the model of percolation. Besides, the first observation in the far infrared of the water connectivity band within both micelles and lamella systems are also indebted to the high brilliance of the synchrotron radiation. We have also highlighted the important role played by the water molecules at the interface in direct contact with the hydrophilic part of the surfactant of these different systems of confinement
Perez, Michèle. "Franchiseurs et franchises dans le commerce français : approche sociologique de l'organisation des réseaux de distribution en franchise." Paris 5, 1990. http://www.theses.fr/1990PA05H035.
Full textThis work attempts to determine the factors contributing to the low-outcome of the mode of partnership which constitutes franchising in France, particularly in the commercial sector. An introductory section describes the principal characteristics of commercial franchising, specifying the socio-economic conditions which, since 1958, allowed for the development of this mode of distribution. This is followed by a close analysis of the very mediocre results obtained so far. The analysis reveals the nearfailure of the mode of partnership as one caused by an organisational disorder springing from an imbalance which establishes itself between the franchisors and the franchisees. The main social supports work clearly in favour of the former and to the detriment of the latter. The second section proposes a typology of the franchisors and the franchisees and is devoted essentially to a study of the various disparaities and the sources of conflicts which exist between the two. A detailed view of the different manners in which these conflicts are resolved isn offered in the third section which closes with a few proposals for an ameliooration of the functioning of franchising
Briois-Forin, Isabelle. "Effet de l'anesthésie au fluothane sur la fréquence ventilatoire : contribution à l'étude de l'organisation des réseaux oscillants respiratoires." Paris 11, 1985. http://www.theses.fr/1985PA112234.
Full textThe aim of this study was to test certain hypotheses concerning the mechanism of respiratory oscillation. Different respiratory frequencies were achieved experimentally using halothane anesthesia and/or progressive variations of PACO2 ln two types of preparation: - chronically implanted cats -cats in "acute" preparations (decorticated, spinalized, paralyzed, and vagotomized). The evidence for preferential respiratory frequencies supports the existence of multiple respiratory oscillating generators. The analysis of the regional distribution of respiratory modulated units during two distinct respiratory frequencies, one "slow" and one "fast", confirms the hypothesis that there is reorganization of the rhythm generator according to the experimental conditions or state of consciousness
Ryczko, Dimitri. "Dynamique de l'organisation fonctionnelle des réseaux locomoteurs chez la salamandre : du module rythmogène à une palette de modes locomoteurs." Bordeaux 2, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008BOR21592.
Full textGiordano, Sophie. "Comptabilité et réseaux inter-entreprises : un essai de conceptualisation et d'instrumentation du lien entre transaction et relation." Montpellier 2, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001MON20157.
Full textMoro, Bertrand. "L'organisation territoriale de la recherche publique en Bretagne : une approche systémique." Phd thesis, Université Rennes 2, 2006. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00130135.
Full textPuimatto, Gérard. "Les réseaux numériques éducatifs, régulateurs, acteurs et vecteurs de l'évolution des pratiques et de l'organisation des établissements et de l'institution scolaires." Paris 13, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006PA131008.
Full textVarious networks, gathered under the generic term of educational digital network, developed in the French school system since 1987 to 2005: telematics, local area networks, Internet, Intranet and digital spaces were laminated, gradually working out a component of a mediatized school communication. This research is located under lightings of the technique, the uses and the organization; it takes as a starting point the actor-network theory (ANT), in an analysis of the conditions of sociotechnic innovations establishment. It reveals heavy and concomitant tendencies, determining in a general globalisation and vulgarizing process of the communication functions at school: progressive organization of a total architecture of information, assertion of the importance of a strategic step which puts the dynamic ones of use on the second level, logic of industrialization and progressive extension of the school field towards the residence
Gastrein, Philippe. "Courant H et rythmes 0 dans les structures corticales : un exemple du rôle des courants intrinsèques dans l'organisation temporelle de l'activité de réseau." Aix-Marseille 2, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007AIX20665.
Full textDer durch Hyperpolarisation aktivierte, kationische Einwärtsstrom (H-Strom) ist in die zeitliche Organisation neuronaler Aktivität involviert. Wir zeigen, dass der H-Strom die Synchronisation und die Regelmäßigkeit der Theta-Oszillationen im Hippocampus und im Neocortex in vitro verbessert. Er beeinflußt die Theta-Oszillationen durch die Vorgabe einer intrinsischen elektrischen Resonanz, desweiteren durch die Genauigkeit der Aktionspotentialausl ¨osung sowie durch die Kopplung zwischen den postsynaptischen Potentialen und der Aktionspotentialausl¨osung. Die Kinetik des H-Stromes wird durch cAMP moduliert. Wir zeigen, dass die Steigerung der synaptischen Aktivität eine Steigerung der intrazellulären cAMP-Konzentration verursacht, welche die oszillierende Netzwerkaktivität regulieren könnte. Diese Ergebnisse veranschaulichen die Schlüsselrolle eines intrinsischen Stromes wie der IH in der zeitlichen Organisation einer Netzwerkaktivität von Nervenzellen wie die kortikale Theta-Oszillationen. Unsere Studium läßt uns vorschlagen, dass die Modulation der kinetischen Eigenschaften des H-Stromes hierbei wie ein Frequenzstimmer wirken
The hyperpolarisation-activated current (h-current) is involved in the temporal organisation of neuronal activity. We show that h-current enhances synchronisation and regularity of theta oscillations in the hippocampus and in the neocortex in vitro. It locks theta oscillations via intrinsic resonance and enhanced temporal spiking fidelity. Kinetics of h-current is modulated by cAMP. We show that increased synaptic activity evokes an increase in intracellular cAMP concentration which could regulate network activity oscillations. These results illustrate the key role of an intrinsic current in the temporal organisation of neuronal network activity. The modulation of h-current kinetics can act as a frequency tuner
Hébert-Dufresne, Laurent. "La structure communautaire comme paradigme d'organisation des réseaux complexes." Thesis, Université Laval, 2011. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2011/28669/28669.pdf.
Full textHélias, Arnaud. "Agrégation/abstraction de modèles pour l'analyse et l'organisation de réseaux de flux : application à la gestion des effluents d'élevage à La Réunion." Montpellier, ENSA, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003ENSA0030.
Full textThe development of the intensive livestock production, notably in the island of Reunion, increases the animal waste production that cannot be any more neglected because of environmental and legislation constraints. The key points to evaluate animal waste management scenarios are the modelling of spreading decisions, their causes, and their consequence. This Ph. D. Thesis concerns the dynamic representation of producer's (i. E. , livestocks) and consumer's (i. E. , crop cultures) in the waste network. Consequently, imprecise stock dynamics and decision taking discrete models have to be confronted. Our approach is i) a modelling by the timed automata formalism join to ii) an automated and generic procedure definition to continuous models approximation, with imprecision on initial state and the input variables. The discrete abstraction approach is iIIustrated on a carbon substrate anaerobic digestion process. For each (production or consumption) unit, a model is defined. Then, the spreading decisions are studied by confronting the models via model-checking tools, which allow an automated verification of system 's properties. The Kronos software was used as a tool dedicated to the Timed Computation Tree Logic (TCTL). The model parameters are given for livestocks and crop cultures in the Reunion Island context and the approach was illustrated by the study of the sample farm functioning. This is realized by an iterative procedure between test and result's interpretations in front of agronomie knowledge. It is shown lastly in this study how this approach can be used to represent a farm network and a waste treatment plant stock supply
Malandain, Julien. "Modélisation de l'état de sante des réseaux de distribution d'eau pour l'organisation de la maintenance : étude du patrimoine de l'agglomération de Lyon." Lyon, INSA, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999ISAL0040.
Full textThe objective of this research is to provide elements of method and models making it possible to diagnose the state and to predict the ageing of the water mains to help the managers to satisfy, with short and long-term, their objectives of performance. This study is based on a state of knowledge relating to the pipes degradation phenomena, on the analysis of the data available and usable to describe the symptomatic history, the constitution, the aggressive environment and the sensitive environment of the infrastructure, and on the study and use of tools such as Geographic: Information systems, hydraulic modeling and models of reliability, which make it possible to represent and to evaluate the functioning of the networks. The principal results of this research are : - A new formulation of the technical problematic of infrastructure management, based on the operational constraints and the current stakes of customer service and system profitability ; - The organization of information relating to the network description and of the tools used for the analysis and prediction processes, within the framework of a decision support system ; - The proposal of two new models, adapted to the data available on water supply systems, one contributing to design and simulate long term renewal strategies, the other contributing to the reactive programming of maintenance actions
Dufour, Amandine. "Etude de l'organisation et de la mise en place des réseaux inhibiteurs du noyau du tractus solitaire chez le rat et la souris." Aix-Marseille 2, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009AIX20702.
Full textThe Nucleus Tractus Solitarii (NTS) is located in the dorsal part of brainstem, and is a gateway for many visceral sensory afferent fibres playing a key role in the central control of autonomic functions. Combining morphological and electrophysiological approaches, we have determined the composition of inhibitory synapses in adult rat NTS. We demonstrate that synaptic inhibition is mediated by both GABA and glycine, but with a striking anatomical segregation. While GABA terminals are present throughout the NTS, mixed GABA/glycine terminals are strictly located to the lateral part of the NTS. However, GABAA and glycine receptors are clustered in the vast majority of inhibitory synapses throughout the NTS, revealing a neurotransmitter-receptor mismatch within the medial part of the NTS. Electrophysiology confirms the predominance of GABA inhibition throughout the NTS, and demonstrates the existence of a dual inhibition involving the co-release of GABA and glycine restricted to the lateral part of NTS. Therefore, the phenotype of the synaptic inhibition is determined by the characteristics of the presynaptic axon terminals. A developmental study shows that the anatomical segregation already exists at birth with mixed terminals restricted to the lateral NTS. In addition, neurotransmitter/receptor mismatch is already present at P0. However, the NTS inhibitory networks mature during the first two postnatal weeks as the density of inhibitory synapses increases. All together, these data suggest that heterogeneous synaptic inhibition provide a great flexibility to NTS neurons in processing visceral information from birth to adulthood. In a last part, supplementary anatomical data concerning the characterization of inhibitory systems of the NTS are reported. We describe a new direct GABAergic projection from hypothalamus to NTS, and confirm the existence of GABAergic projections emanating from the amygdala. In addition, we have identified a sub-population of NTS GABAergic neurons expressing NK3 receptors; this suggests that tachykinins could act directly on NTS inhibitory networks
Conus, Jean-Christophe. "L'organisation du système régional de transport terrestre de l'État de São Paulo (Brésil), 1850-2003 : évolution, orientations, implications territoriales." Paris 3, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004PA030050.
Full textConsidered - rightly - like the economic heart of Brazil and beyond that, of the Latin America, the state of São Paulo presents a dense and developed regional network of surface transport. However, the panorama of the sector reveals many nuances in the diagnosis that can be made and in the approach of the question carried out since decades by the authorities. The various committed policies betray at the same time the wills and the wanderings to find a balanced orientation in the development and the perennisation of a system of regional transport, taking into account of the characteristics and the entities as various as the road networks or rail networks, transport of passengers or carriage of goods, public administrations or private companies From a structure of transportation routes inherited from railway epic and coffee-plantation economy, what were the choices to develop a powerful tool of transport, irrigating in a homogeneous way the paulist territory ? We realize that significant physical distortions exist, but also in the entities of management. From a hyper-concentrated situation (flow, infrastructures, service roads) in the metropolitan area of São Paulo, what are the prospects for a rebalancing of the territory and a different and more homogeneous organization of the system of regional transport ?
Kang, Namjin. "L'influence des trains à grande vitesse sur l'organisation de l'espace français : L'exemple des lignes Sud-est et Atlantique." Rouen, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996ROUEL256.
Full textThe analysis of the influence of high speed trains on the organization of the geographical space is a particularly complex problem. The impacts are numerous and very closely intertwined with human activities, and are thus very difficult to distinguish. At the same time, research which attempts to describe the decision processes involved is often unclear because these processes are indistinguishable or hidden. Research into the stakes in terms of the train network requires a good explanation. For this research, the french experience provides a very interesting basic study. Firstly it is interesting to study the poles which have been recently linked to the TGV, the stations concerned and then the sphere of influence in order to determine the precise impacts. Among the chosen towns, three (Lyon, Le Creusot and Mâcon) are on the first TGV line (1981), which allows an analysis of their evolution over fifteen years and three others (Tours, Le Mans and Vendôme) are on the more recent TGV line (1990), allowing analysis of their immediate effects. Then in order to assess the influence of the TGV in a wider context an overview of medium and large sized towns was under taken. The " TGV effect" (speed, frequency and suitable timetables) appear to be very polarized. It is dual branching of the rail network which has produced ruptures in geographical space and time. A wider vision of networks at all levels (regional, national and european) and of all natures (political, economic, technical and human) is essential and a coherent strategy must be established
Boissières, Ivan. "Une approche sociologique de la robustesse organisationnelle : le cas du travail des réparateurs sur un grand réseau de télécommunication." Toulouse 2, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005TOU20030.
Full textThis research considers organizational robustness from the perspective of the cooperation between supervision and maintenance operators, who are responsible for the availability of a telecoms network. This cooperation between categories of workers is hindered by a number of factors: by the limits of technological and organizational design, by tension between groups of workers, by discontinuities and lack of overlap in knowledge and experience. It is striking to observe that telecoms service is assured despite a steady stream of perturbations that would adversely affect service delivery, if they were not managed by supervision or maintenance activities. Detailed analysis of the social networks of repair workers has allowed us to identify two mechanisms that underpin the robustness of the socio-technical telecoms system. Firstly, operators build up a network of professional relationships that includes interactions related to their activity and the technology, and personal relationships related to a professional value system, friendship and solidarity. Secondly, operators stabilize these relationships via a phenomenon of “generalized control” that restrains opportunistic use of the unequal distribution of resources and power. In the professional universe we have investigated, mutual control between people ensures consistency of actions, the mutualisation of information and helps people reach compromises
Pilmis, Olivier. "L'organisation de marchés incertains : sociologie économique des mondes de la pige et de l'art dramatique." Paris, EHESS, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008EHES0110.
Full textThe purpose of the thesis is to examine market organization processes in a context of high-Ievel uncertainty and ambiguities on the nature of exchanged goods. Such "uncertain" markets are said to have brought the idealtype of fordist labor exchange to an end and replaced it by brief and fleeting relations with multiple employers. The cases of French "intermittent" actors and free-lance journalists are here investigated in order to question this hypothesis. Economic sociology provides tools to carry out the analysis of these professional worlds. Eventually, the examination of markets through the lens of exchange relationships is proved relevant. These relations first reflect market structures. The attempts to perform their social constructions, with various outcomes in these worlds, reveals patterns of segmentation-related market organizations. Temporalities of exchange relations may also be understood with reference to the position employers hold in a system of linked markets and to the degree of confusion regarding the nature of exchanged goods -either labour or products. Exchange relations also shape markets. Especially, uncertain markets host at least two relations regimes and the more individuals are committed in recurrent relationships, the more competitive constraints loosen: predictability and organizations are then brought into individual activity. By blurring the boundaries between organizations and markets and making their structure more complex, the existence of such an expected relations regime also raises questions about the very market structures and complicates the design of market segmentation
Alfonso, Lizarazo Edgar. "Optimisation de la collecte de sang : concilier la qualité de service au donneur de sang et l'efficience de l'organisation de la collecte." Phd thesis, Ecole Nationale Supérieure des Mines de Saint-Etienne, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00859974.
Full textEl, Jabri Mohammed. "Etude de l'organisation spatiale du tissu conjonctif par analyse d'images basée sur une approche multiéchelles." Phd thesis, Clermont-Ferrand 2, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008CLF21831.
Full textClergue, Gérard. "L'avènement de la complexité dans la construction des apprentissages : application à la pédagogie des recherches menées en informatique sur le chaos déterministe et les réseaux de neurones artificiels." Paris 10, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996PA100081.
Full textThe aim of this thesis is to explore the following areas: - to set out the many new concepts linked to complexity theory, using recent developments in determinist chaos theory. - To evolve means of applying them to theories of human learning and to begin exploring the relevance of these principles and models in the educational field. - The use of connectionist models of artificial neural networks, especially the most dynamic of them, to understand the processes of human cognition. Learning can be seen as a trajectory in the phase’s space of cognitive system of the individual. Into this phase’s space: (a) concepts emerge from the convergence created by existing basins of attraction while the student tries to apply the real to the schemata he has already constructed for himself. (b) At the same time new attractors are formed in the chaotic disorder by adapting to the unpredictable variations of the environment and constantly reshape this landscape. During the learning period the emergence of a new concept appears as a transition of phase from the earlier state of knowledge to the new state. The student has to continuously confront the duality of stability-plasticity which contains as many potential frustrations as successful solutions. This duality cannot be temporarily resolved without taking action, and so we can say with von foerster "if you want knowledge learn to act"
Fen-Chong, Stéphanie. "Le pilotage chemin faisant : émergence des modes de gouvernance et de pilotage des pôles de compétitivité." Paris 9, 2009. https://bu.dauphine.psl.eu/fileviewer/index.php?doc=2009PA090072.
Full textBy 2004, the French government initiated a cluster policy called « Pôles de compétitivité ». These poles aim at improving the industrial competitiveness thanks to innovation and cooperation between local actors (Research – Industry –Education). Actors still have to think though the schemes for governing and managing the clusters yet. Our thesis study the emergence of these governance and management schemes, in four clusters that show variety in term of context, sector and objectives. We assume these poles are meta-organization (refering to Ahrne and Brunsson recent book published in 2008) that is to say, they are associations of autonomous organisations, that get together for some common purpose. We examine what the organizational properties of these poles are : fluid participation, blurred organizational boundaries, decentralised structure, and how those characteristics influence the construction of a governance system. We also look at the pole’s organizational practices to manage collective actions and services. We then highlight the influence of stakeholders on the management practices and tooln, and on the theories of action
Ferraz, Fernando. "Territorialité, techniques et réseau urbain au Brésil : le transit d'une terre en transe." Paris 1, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006PA010585.
Full textDesplebin, Olivier. "La perception de la performance et de ses déterminants dans les Réseaux Territorialisés d’Organisations : une étude de cas des places portuaires de commerce françaises." Thesis, Le Havre, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015LEHA0019/document.
Full textThe research aims to understand the perception of the performance concept by cluster actors. We focus on clusters which are not controlled by a leading firm, but include strategic governance institutions. Despite a vast literature on clusters, researches on the perception of their performance are still emerging. Supported by an interpretative framework to clarify what can cover the concept of performance in a cluster, this research, mobilizing social representation theory, explores the perception of heterogeneous actors composing French seaports, using the methodology of cognitive maps. 36 interviews were conducted with participants of the main French Seaports. The results show that the shared representations are fairly limited in terms of meta-criterias and performance determinants, but identifies common logics, paradigms and representations classes. The results also show that there is a frequent focalisation of the perceptions on very few keys actors involved in the service chain. The study concludes on the management control perspectives in these clusters
Borel, Simon. "L’axiomatique des réseaux : entre réalités sociales et impensés éthico-politiques." Thesis, Paris 10, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013PA100157/document.
Full textAs a result mainly of the increasing weight of Internet, especially in the last decade, it has become more and more acknowledged that the world appears as a gigantic network. The network phenomenon becomes into view as the archetypal contemporary total social fact, theorized and surrounded by researchers, essayists, activists, prophets, each of them pursuing its own agenda. Some academics appreciate the network as the "world society" in gestation. Others, on the contrary, see the emergence of networks as a vector towards the disappearance of communal world, and also of progressive decivilization and desymbolization. Those who appear as the prophets and heralds of networks believe that the world’s salvation lays in the democratic, solidaristic and donatist virtues of the connected multitudes in their common struggle against the world privatization and merchandization.Despite their antagonisms, these approaches converge on the idea that a very large virtual global society, where remote social relationships and communication immediateness are the rule, is in the making. Nevertheless, the interpretations of this digital sociality are too diverse and contradictory to help us distinguishing the part of reality they encompass, and what actually derives from ideology, prophecy and/or catastrophism. In this respect, the networks' axiomatic is confronted to two fundamental lacks, which need to be further explored: the relationship between virtual sociality and face-to-face relations and institutional mediations on the one hand; and the exploration of virtuous or harmful digital relations characteristic, not intrinsically speaking, but in the relationships it maintains with contemporary neo-liberal and “parcellitarian” (propensity towards explosion, atomization and fragmentation of societies) shapes in the other hand. This thesis therefore questions the degree of reality of this new sociality, and the status of reticular individualism or, more specifically, the shape which the figure of the individual take between emancipation through networks as proclaimed by some observers (recognition of authenticity and self-realization), and the alienation to them as decried by others (tyrannies of visibility and permanent connectivity). The question of emancipation (subjective and collective) drives us to question the place of giving in the dynamics of the current virtual sociality between subsistence of the spirit of giving, revitalization or even radicalization, and, via its generalization in the current “parcellitairian” shape, demolition and “depotentialization”
Spaeth, Ludovic. "Traitement modulaire de l'information dans le cortex cérébelleux : vers la causalité entre l'organisation synaptique fonctionnelle et le comportement moteur." Thesis, Strasbourg, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019STRAJ030/document.
Full textThe cerebellum is essential for motor coordination and to learn new motor skills. In the cerebellar cortex, information processing is based on a modular organization: each module is involved in the control of specific motor units. Localized lesions of the cerebellum impair coordinated movements in only one part of the body and lead to movement disorders like ataxia. This project aims to understand how cerebellar modules communicate, process incoming information and how they relate to coordinated movements in mice. We combine optical and electrophysiological approaches in vitro in order to determine the functional synaptic maps between different modules. The development of these maps revealed that the establishment of connections between distant modules coincide with the appearance of motor coordination in mice. Using models of motor alteration, we showed that synaptic maps are reorganized following motor adaptation. The results bring new hypotheses about the control of motor coordination in normal and pathological conditions. Future directions will be to assess how a specific activation of identified modules may compensate for motor impairments
Prevost, Guillaume. "Modélisation d'écosystèmes multi-niveaux par des systèmes mixtes." Le Havre, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005LEHA0053.
Full textWe present in that document a meta-model of aquatic ecosystem which is multi-scale and uses hybrid approaches. Ecosystems are complex systems. Therefore, the model is made to give a performant description of multi-level interactions occuring in them. Thus, we propose a multi-scale and multi-level meta-model designed as an holarchy and embodying different approaches (equationnal, individual-based,. . . . ). Moreover, we present an ontology of the meta-model which help users understand and use that one. The methodology to apply the meta-model on a concrete problem using the ontology is shown. Finally, a plateform allowing using to compute their model as far as those ones respect the meta-model assumptions is described. Then, we introduce technics to detect, reify and handle emerging systems during the simulations. Those technics are based on the analysis of the interaction network of predator-preys simulation
Berlioz, Sophie. "Vers un réalisme social des êtres collectifs : du mode d'existence des objets sociaux, des institutions et des entreprises." Paris, EHESS, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015EHES0106.
Full textThis work in the area of social ontology concerns the nature and the dynamics of collective social entities such as, social ordinary objects, institutions and firms. The aim is to understand whether social entities that are distinct from individuals that make them up can exist, and if so how they can exist and be real. More specifically, the aim is to evidence the links within social reality between individuals and collectives, from an exploration of the modes of existence of social objects and modes of "togetherness" in collectives. Our approach is realist: we defend that social objects and institutions are mind-dependant, but that the dynamics and the interactions processes that it enables are real. For this purpose, we propose a theoretical distinction between two types of collective social entity. Typel collective entities (EC1) correspond to objects that are collectively recognised, such as firms, bills, work of art. Type 2 collective entities (EC2) correspond to groups of individuals who can associate, coordinate with a view to a common objective, and in certain conditions act as collective agents. For instance, it is the case for the business enterprises which survives to the substitution of its members. After successively considering the nature and modes of existence of these two types of collective entity (mixed compositions, retroactivity, processes) we will show that they are closely linked within institutions. Institutions are both social objects that are collectively recognised, and places of collective action. Using different analyses and examples, we will show that the understanding of the activities occurring within these settings requires two aspects to be taken into account. In the last part of this work the ontological tools identified in the earlier analyses are applied to the business enterprise, analysed as a hierarchical organization, place of power, action and formal and informal networks. The questions of integration of agents into the entity formed by the business enterprise, of the possibility of acting as a collective agent and of the sustainability of the business enterprise over time are also examined in detail, outlining the fundamental properties of this specific social entity
Berkani, Abdenour. "Le cosmopolitisme en oeuvre dans la mondialisation : des identités multiples à l'identité cosmopolitique." Thèse, Lyon 3, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/1866/16526.
Full textFouré-Joopen, Helga. "La dynamique coopérative inter-organisationnelle dans les réseaux innovants : le facteur confiance dans le cas de deux clusters français." Thesis, Lyon 3, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014LYO30022.
Full textIn a context of "hyper" competition, the capacity of adaptation to a constantly changing economic environment, determines the future of companies. The necessity of innovating and of mobilizing knowledge is a constant challenge for the continued existence of organizations. Various types of company networks are an answer to this situation because, in order to innovate, it is necessary to cooperate and to master the economy through networks. Managers, little prepared for a "Knowledge" management which would mobilize the firm's expertise, must be prepared towards a new shape of management which does not just take direct costs into consideration. The collective knowledge of a company, its immaterial capital, is in reality, only assessed in posteriori at the end of the innovation process. Furthermore, the construction of a real collective intelligence based on sharing expertise comes up against resistance on behalf of the collaborators. This resistance is mainly due to a lack of trust towards the partners inside and outside a network. A change in communication skills and becoming more transparent and more open, is a possible means of developing human potential and social capital, and of improving socio-economic performance. The implementation of a communication platform piloted and coordinated by a Community manager, based on new media, can serve as tool of change towards collaboration. A company introducing new technology without mutual trust evolving from dialogue and coordination with users will most certainly require the services of an outside expert to accompany the collaborative project
Profizi, Alexandra. "Autofiction et réseaux sociaux ˸ récits de soi chez Chloé Delaume et Tao Lin." Thesis, Paris 3, 2019. http://bibnum.univ-paris3.fr/webclient/DeliveryManager?pid=323388.
Full textThe self-images produced by an author within autobiographical novels tend to overlap, in our digital era, his or her online representations, thus influencing the reading of the text, the institutional position of the writer and his or her relationship to the reader. More broadly, although it is not necessary to take into account the actual person producing the work of art (including in the case of autofictions), the figure he or she constructs within literary speech and digital spaces for expression breaks the boundary between text and what is located outside of the text. In order to parse what the encounter between the digital version and the literary version of the author involves, I chose to focus on the works of Chloé Delaume and Tao Lin. The latter uses material coming straight from his own social media in his novels, highlighting elements of referentiality (especially between person and persona), now available to what I call readers-internet users. As for Chloé Delaume, she explores new media through various mediums of fiction: she uses technological tools as a frame, akin to an Oulipian constraint, in order to let a specific kind of writing emerge. What interested me in their approaches is their construction of a transmedia self-narrative leading on the one hand to a new diegetic matrix and on the other to new ways of reading. The reader's curiosity can be nourished by social media; however, not only does the access to the writers' life remain an illusion, but it only gives more power to them if they wish to manipulate the reader
Dhib, Soumaya. "Contribution à l'optimisation de la Configuration et à l'évaluation de performances des réseaux logistiques inverses : cas des déchets des équipements électriques et électroniques." Thesis, Paris 8, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017PA080033/document.
Full textRegulatory tightening on environmental management and environmental responsibility increasingly forces industrialists to respect the environment in their deployment and development. At a time when we are talking about the shortening of the life span of consumer products and durable goods, these manufacturers now have the task of putting in place processes for the valorization of their end-of-life products and derivatives of their products productions. This has been the case in particular for computer and electronic equipment which seeks to design logistic networks that meet the management needs of the flows of their returns such as WEEE1. Indeed, they are subject to strong demands (mastery of destinations for valorisation of end-of-life products, reduction of processing costs, reduction of the impact of associated logistical activities on the environment, etc.). This work deals with the design of logistic networks of returns flows which are naturally subject to economic constraints but also to environmental ones. Some of factors of the problem such as: return status, fluctuations in the demand for valued products, etc. are taken into account in the search for the configuration of the logistics network that best meets the needs
Ventoso, y. Font Annick. "Se décider avec et pour d'autres : une approche paradoxale de la prise de décision : perspectives herméneutiques." Pau, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006PAUU1009.
Full textThe research interrogates about the decisions reached in consultation by teachers and the interveners of the French Network of Specialized Aides for Pupils with Problems (R. A. S. E. D. ) in order to offer “responses to the different needs of pupils with school problems” (Circular of 30th of April 2002). The specificity of this type of action is to decide “with” others “for” others who are quite often excluded from the deliberation. Considering in this manner the collective decision process in the viewpoint of otherness interrogates about the rationality of the decision-making act through the discursive interaction which actualises it and puts it into an institutional and social environment. The discursive, qualitative and pragmatic analysis methodology is based upon the recording of a consultation between teachers and members of a network of specialized aides. The theoretical foundations of this modelling focus on the psychical construction of the decision process (S. Lupasco, D. Hofstadter…) and on the language interaction on which the collective consultation is based (E. Benveniste, JL. Austin, M. Bakhtine, P. Ricoeur, CS. Peirce, JB. Grize, C. Kerbrat-Orecchioni…). At the conclusion of this reflection emerges a reflexive decisional interpretation model which is liable to integrate the paradoxical confusion of the debate and to reach a decision, that is to say to settle. The three decisional modalities developed by this dissertation defend decision procedures which are also times of listening and understanding of the “other” (pupil, teacher or parent) with respect to the autonomy of the individual (present and absent)
Hermassi, Joumana Elghalia. "Analyse de l'organisation des urgences hospitalières : propositions pour une amélioration de la partie amont et une maîtrise des flux de patients." Thesis, Grenoble, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011GRENI082/document.
Full textEmergency Department (ED) overcrowding is a topical issue. The increasing attendance at such service by patients with non urgent problems resulted in surcharging the ED. Consequently, the quality of the delivered service is degraded and the care costs are on the increase. In order to solve this problem, a particular interest is taken in the pre-hospital emergency care network (firemen, private ambulances, General Practitioner, SAMU…). Our main purpose is to determine how the current system must adapt to better respond to patients health care needs. This study is divided into two parts: A first analysis focuses on the processing of emergency calls into the SAMU/Centre 15 as itplays an important role in the management of patients flew through this network and guarantees better relations between different actors of this system.A second one deals with the entire pre-hospital emergency care network. The complexity ofthis net is analysed and some alternatives are studied in order to improve the management ofEmergency Department's patients: the establishment of « Maisons Médicales de Garde » and the strengthening of existing medical centres such as « SOS Médecins »
Gabriel, Andréa-Wiktor. "Le pluralisme des voies d’écologisation de la gestion des biomasses résiduaires en agriculture : analyse à partir des réseaux métaboliques et étude de cas dans la vallée de la Drôme." Thesis, université Paris-Saclay, 2021. http://www.theses.fr/2021UPASB017.
Full textAbstract: Residual biomass (RB) (e.g. livestock effluents, crop residues, green and urban waste) plays a key role in agriculture. The modernization of agriculture since the 19th century has profoundly transformed their metabolism, leading to soil impoverishment, pollution and loss of autonomy of farms and territories in terms of fertilization.Today, solid scientific facts prove the need for an ecologization of RB management, but the nature of this ecologization is debated. Radically different visions of what should be the biophysical basis of the functioning of our societies coexist and put our human and scientific communities in tension. This thesis aims to provide an analytical framework for a dialogue between the multiple pathways of ecologization: the metabolic networks. The study was conducted in the Drôme valley, a region well knowned for the development of organic agriculture. The cartography of production and flows of RB as well as the description of the multiple values given by farmers to the metabolism of RB allow us to think the tensions and complementarities between two contrasting paths of ecologization: the engineering path of optimization and "closing the loop" (industrial ecology) and cultivating bounds with the rest of the living through multiple values, beyond economic utilitarianism (the earthbound).This thesis draws up the perspectives of a more pragmatic path towards ecologization
Boussier, Jean-Marie. "Modélisation de comportements dans les systèmes dynamiques : Application à l'organisation et à la régulation de stationnement et de déplacement dans les Systèmes de Trafic Urbain." Phd thesis, Université de La Rochelle, 2007. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00411272.
Full textGautschi, Heidi. "Plus ça change plus c'est la même chose ? Une relecture du télégraphe en France et aux États-Unis à l'ère des réseaux numériques : contribution aux travaux sur l'interaction entre technique et société." Thesis, Paris 10, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009PA100157.
Full textWe assume that current telecommunication systems perform better than those of centuries past. That said, an in-depth understanding of prior communication technologies, such as the telegraph, allows for a better understanding of the specificities of adoption and use of modern communication technologies, as well as their presence in popular culture. By revisiting this history, within the context of current reflection, it becomes possible to better grasp the evolution of modern telecommunications.This comparative study of the drafting of a telegraph project and the creation of a telegraph imaginary in France and the United States has a dual goal: to show the extent to which the arrival of the telegraph modified the communicational landscape on both a physical and symbolic level; to identify the invariants in French and American networks. In this way, the telegraph’s role in the evolution of our communication tools, as well as the complexity of our relationship with them is highlighted. I have used different approaches in order to conduct this analysis. First, I look at the negotiations between telegraph promoters and policy makers. Secondly, I look at the development of a telegraph imaginary and social uses. The introduction of the telegraph brought about a fundamental change: the transformation of information into a good. This had a lasting impact on world markets, mentalities and the symbolic meaning attached to communication networks. The arrival of the telegraph also led to a fundamental cognitive shift. The mental representation of the physical world was modified. The telegraph, therefore, changed people’s perceptions of their communicational reality
Lemeilleur, Sandra. "L'expressivité de l'intime sur les dispositifs du web : processus de la subjectivité et machinations contemporaines." Thesis, Bordeaux 3, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016BOR30015/document.
Full textThe expressivity of the intimate on the Web takes three forms: normalized, hidden/shown and escaped. Each has a specific function, to answer to injunctions of power devices, to manage emotional bonds and a function that is still unknown. Contextualizing our ways of existence whether in our relations with the public and private spheres or in our professional life, reveals that we have moved from a reflexive society to an expressive society where the sensual is distinguished from the sexual and the intimate from intimacy. Theses divides shape the expressivity of the intimate. It becomes a gap concept. It brings together within itself the deepest interiority and its dramatized form in order to allow the establishment of relationships with others through hidden/shown and escaped games. Intimate statements on Facebook or dating sites operate like an exchange norm in games of gifts and counter-gifts. "If I am able to play the intimate game and you are too, we can become closer." The exchange of trivialities or the sharing of love-related myths serve this game. Uses of fakes, humor and supposed secrets are strategies that indicate that a knowledge of intimate issues is at work in the building of links. Furthermore, the virtualized body becomes spectral, an ancillary body at the service of the production of subjectivity which responds to the endless quest of a body-without-organs. The diffusion of a picture of a body online proves its existence and unity. So, it doesn’t disappear in the Web because, as flesh itself is absent from it. This loss could be the origin of the expressiveness of intimacy on the Web as a compensation. The Flesh of words against bodily flesh. This communicational process becomes relational and continues the flow of subjectivity production. Usually limited in its capacities of enunciation by the danger of normalizing the intimate, the production of subjectivity seems ineffective because desire arrangement appear as prefabricated on these Websites. The diffusion of this prototype doesn’t prevent subjectivity from producing new arrangements that will in turn be re-used by devices in the future. Subjectivity is increasingly oppressed even in the intimate but finds new voices for its resingularisation. There then exist relationships between the progress of democratic societies and perverse defenses using the intimate more as a bargaining chip than as a token of interiority