Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Réseaux sociaux – Afrique du Nord'
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Rousseaux, Vanessa. "Analogies et disparités du fait urbain au Maghreb." Phd thesis, Aix-Marseille 1, 2000. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00503127.
Full textEscoffier, Claire. "Communautés d'itinérance et savoir-circuler des transmigrant-e-s au Maghreb." Phd thesis, Université Toulouse le Mirail - Toulouse II, 2006. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00085929.
Full textNur, Goni Marian. "Réparer (avec) l'archive ? Histoires de photographies somalies et de leurs circulations (1890-2016)." Thesis, Paris, EHESS, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017EHES0092/document.
Full textThis thesis traces the trajectories of some selected images, first taken of and then by Somali men and women from the Horn of Africa since the late 19th century to the present.Taken during ethnographic exhibitions of Somalis in Europe (of which this workproposes a detailed timeline since 1890) or commercial and political exploration missions to East Africa, these photographs have been both the medium and vector through which a certain knowledge has been produced and circulated concerning these people. This study undertakes, therefore, to examine the modes and contexts ofproduction, consumption and filiation of these "Somali images" in learned societies and popular newspapers in France.The study of the circulation and reappropriation of these historical images today on the Internet to serve contemporary purposes then leads to an analysis of how, in the digital era, a young, Internet-savvy generation from the Somali diaspora is now reclaiming its voice (raising questions about who can speak and how) through new website and blog projects, which attempt to establish (or mend?) an alternative Somali photographic archive. Thus, these projects both question the image of Somalia in the international media (an image associated, to a great extent, with famine, Islamic terrorism, piracy and "failed states") and offer new ways of preserving and transmitting other, often buried, memories of this country and its past before the civil war in the context of a certain "destruction of history".Finally, the third and last part of this study briefly revolves around photographicpractices observed in Djibouti during fieldwork from 2010 to 2012, here again with aparticular attention to the ways in which images are produced and conserved.This thesis raises the challenge of writing an on-going history that embraces itslacunae and voids – a feature that the researcher and the "subjects" of the research share – based on evolving material and digital fragments, in an attempt to highlight how their circulations profoundly affect their meanings and they ways in which we understand and make sense of them
Berrou, Jean-Philippe. "Encastrement, réseaux sociaux et dynamique des micro et petites entreprises informelles en milieu urbain africain." Bordeaux 4, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010BOR40070.
Full textBouopda, Fopoussi Joëlle. "Réseaux sociaux, logiques marchandes et individuelles et performances économiques : une interprétation des potentialités actuelles de l'économie informelle en Afrique Subsaharienne." Montpellier 1, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004MON10075.
Full textHassan, Ali-Ganta Adawa. "Des sociétés en situation coloniale : la côte française des Somalis (1862-1946)." Aix-Marseille 1, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007AIX10109.
Full textMboka, Ingoli Jean-Claude. "Les champs-écoles paysans en Afrique subsaharienne : une approche d'analyse des réseaux complets." Thesis, Université d'Ottawa / University of Ottawa, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/36943.
Full textÉloire, Fabien. "Les réseaux interorganisationnels dans la restauration lilloise : une approche néo-structurale du marché et des processus sociaux." Thesis, Lille 1, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009LIL12009/document.
Full textThe thesis we sustain is rooted in two fields of research, on the one hand economic sociology, and on the other hand social network analysis. Based on an empirical case, i.e. the market of restaurants in Lille (in the north of France), three aims are pursued. The first one is sociological: we highlight the “embeddedness metaphor” for which every society has an economy, and every economy can not grow up outside a society. The second aim is theoretical: we want to take into account the relational dimension of the economic and social activities of the restaurants’ owners. The third aim is methodological: we try to apply at the interorganizational level (where the boundaries of the studied population are initially unknown) the methodology of so called “complete networks”, which was first developed for the intra-organizational level. Our analysis focuses on two social processes fundamental to the functioning of the restaurants’ market in Lille: bounded solidarity among restaurants’ owners, and regulation by social status and social capital of restaurants’ owners. The first process is described thanks to the identification and analysis of the social niches (subgroups) which are constructed by restaurants’ owners when they exchange social resources. The second process is intended from the description of the gastronomic status competition in which restaurants’owners are involved in order to be recognized on the market
Cognasson, Patrick. "Organisation, autorités et pouvoirs dans les réseaux de chemin de fer du Nord et de l'Est au cours de la grande guerre (1914-1919)." Thesis, Paris, EHESS, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019EHES0094.
Full textMilitary hagiographers are rather laudatory about the role of railwaymen during the Great War "the railway played a key role and the victory was only possible thanks to the railwaymen". Placed under the system of requisition, the railway agents were mobilized on the spot, in the functions which were theirs at the time of the declaration of war. Some of them, however, were sent to the front, which was a source of tension between the General Staff and the management of the Companies; the railways having been constantly understaffed during the war.My research addresses the triangular theme of "power, authority and organization" in a split command report - military and civilian. We confront in their reports of power the three "first" authorities: military regulators directing the regulatory stations and the railway network commissions, the functional hierarchy of the companies and the civil power in a role of referee. These authorities will, in turn, be in a dominant position during the war.Two other authorities, "seconds", intervene sporadically to dispute power with the military. That of doctors is more contingent; it tries to impose itself during the evacuation of the wounded, without being able to make prevail the sanitary urgency on the decisions of transports in course of operation, in spite of a form of "judicial authority which is recognized to him by the high command" . The trade union organization, opposes the military power, later, from June-July 1917, first with the support of the civil power to restore the right of meeting, then, with strikes in major workshops ( Epernay, Noisy-le-Sec), with rather unexpected reversals of military authority. We will seek to situate the limits of these authorities, formal or informal, in the workspaces and in the theater of military operations.Regarding these topics I discussed the activity of the regulatory stations, the organization of work under the leadership of the military, with the transport of equipment and soldiers to the front, an absolute priority of rail transport. Serious traffic accidents as points of extreme tension and disruption of the organization of work during the war, the regime of punishments. I analyzed the passage from the legal responsibility of the agent to the individualization of the fault whatever the malfunctions of the conditions of work and responsibility. I also treat the transport of the wounded in the health trains: organization / disorganization with, in particular the reorganization of the evacuations in the regulating stations, in April 1916.The meeting points of stationers in the stations have been a hotbed of protest against the military order. The staff considered the Rear as a ferment of mutinies of May / June 1917 (see the works of André Loez "the history of the mutineers") and Emmanuel Saint Fuscien, 14-18 Mission du Centenary, June 25, 2013 War Councils warned: "bad soldiers" or "ordinary fighters". The axis of reflection is this tipping point where railway workers become the objective allies of the military to contain the mutineers, others have observed a certain neutrality in the various anti-war demonstrations.The functional hierarchy of the railways did not resign itself to abandoning its disciplinary power to the military. Railroad workers confronted with a certain functional incompetence of the military management, with regard to the exercise of their profession, could only oppose limited resistance. From the autumn of 1917, the resumption in hand of the railroads by the civil power, the authorization of the right of meeting (including for the unionized soldiers) undoubtedly favored the outbreak of social movements, on a mainly corporate ground
Mankou, Brice Arsène. "Cybermigration maritale des femmes camerounaises de Yaoundé vers le Nord-Pas-de-Calais : analyse sociologique et enjeux sociaux d'une migration nouvelle." Thesis, Lille 1, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011LIL12016/document.
Full textIn the Cameroon the rapid and exponential development of ICT has aroused great hope amongst the population especially where the most vulnerable categories are concerned, in particular young people and women who see this information and communication technology as a means to emigrate. Cybermigration is a perfect illustration of the way in which Cameroonians build migratory "cyberstrategies" thanks to ITC. "To look for and find and white man" on the net has become so commonplace that marital cybermigration seems to be a real social problem in this central African country. Thus, this thesis strives to analyse by means of a socio-anthropological perspective this phenomenon which concerns a certain number of Cameroonians from Yaoundé and the Nord-Pas-de-Calais. The empirical approach consisting of semi-direct interviews and life stories answers four main questions which are: Who is a cybermigrant ? How does she manage to emigrate? Why does she emigrate? Which modern information and communication technologies does she use in order to emigrate? In second part, this thesis tries to make sense and describe the marital cybermigration as it is told of by Cameroonian women of the Nord-Pas-de-Calais. Marital cybermigration is therefore dealt with from two points of view wich are : cybermigration seen from the outside with potential cybermigrant women and cybermigration seen from wikim with cameroonien cybermigrants from the Nord-Pas-de-Calais area
Hamel, Christelle. "L'intrication des rapports sociaux de sexe, de race, d'âge et de classe : ses effets sur la gestion des risques d'infection par le VIH chez les français descendant de migrants du Maghreb." Paris, EHESS, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003EHES0150.
Full textArchambaud, Lise. "Les dynamiques collectives en contexte post-conflit : réflexions sur une résilience socialement soutenable." Thesis, Lille 1, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018LIL1A019/document.
Full textThis thesis addresses the notion of resilience in post-conflict context, at the level of local organizations. The emergence of different focus of conflict has highlighted the inability of some states to provide their populations with access to basic infrastructure and services. As external funding is not able to cover all the needs, it is then the local solidarity mechanisms that are promoted. After large-scale shocks, collective dynamics are seen as a means of recovery. In order to evaluate these collectives, we analyze the structuring processes that lead to collective action but also the functions attributed to them by their members as well as their pathways. The emergence of the notion of resilience in the political agenda of international institutions in order to think about recovery comes up against two main difficulties : first of all its conceptualization, and secondly its operationalization. It is those pitfalls that we try to overcome in this work. Understood as a process, resilience can be articulated on the one hand with the notion of social sustainability, and on the other hand with the capability approach. Through an analysis conducted on three research fields affected by serious socio-political crisis, we propose to identify the foundations of socially sustainable collective resilience at the level of local organizations
Favre, Guillaume. "Des rencontres dans la mondialisation : réseaux et apprentissages dans un salon de distribution de programmes de télévision en Afrique sub-saharienne." Thesis, Paris 9, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014PA090045/document.
Full textIn this dissertation, we analyze the social construction of a market of TV programs in Sub-Saharan Africa. Based on the study of a trade fair where buyers (TV channels, distribution intermediaries) and sellers of TV programs (studios, distributors and independent producers) can meet, negotiate, discuss, and close deals, we try to understand how this event participates in the transformation of the ways in which TV programs were “exchanged” in Africa and in the integration of the African TV programs market into the global one. TV programs distribution at the global level has long been considered to be a market. But until recently in Sub-Saharan Africa, TV channels used to acquire programs “for free” through diverse ways. Political, economic and technical evolutions have slowly transformed this sector into a market. The trade fair under examination in this research plays a central role in this evolution because it is the first to bring together the microcosm of this industry. We studied this event for three years and ran three surveys in order to collect social network data and analyze informal information exchange networks between attendees of the events. We study how trade fairs attendees learn from each other and define, select and share market values, norms and rules
Cabaret, Katy. "Contribution d'une lecture institutionnelle des réseaux à l'analyse des transformations de la logistique : une application à la filière du textile-habillement dans le Nord-Pas-de-Calais." Lille 1, 2001. https://pepite-depot.univ-lille.fr/LIBRE/Th_Num/2001/50374-2001-15.pdf.
Full textMendes, António de Almeida. "Esclavages et traites ibériques entre Méditerranée et Atlantique (XVe-XVIIe siècles) : une histoire globale." Paris, EHESS, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007EHES0054.
Full textThis thesis proposes to study Iberian slavery and slave trade of the XVth and XVIIth centuries in a large geographical space including the west African coasts, the Portuguese Atlantic ocean and the occidental Mediterranean sea. After a minutious cross-examination of Portuguese and Spanish's sources, and also of the quantitative data delivered by the new version of The Transatlantic Slave Database, we have rebuild the slave circuits through the Atlantic and the Mediterranean sea, analysed the slave system settled by the Portuguese on the African shores. The quantification of the Atlantic slave trade to Europe and the Americas, as well as the African and European trade networks have also been decrypted. A huge slave trade system is set up, the outline of which will last until the period of the Portuguese asientos of the late XVIth century. Its study enables to cast a fresh look on the modern society born out of the expansion
Bergier, Jean-Yves. "Analyse et modélisation du processus de propagation des effets des actions militaires d'influence au sein d'une population cible : approche par la culture et les réseaux sociaux." Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018AIXM0752/document.
Full textThe study, analysis and understanding of armed violence phenomenons in developing countries and of the effects of international military interventions aimed at resolving them is a crucial contemporary issue. These situations coincidentally present, considering the plethora and complexity of the implicated and intertwined social processes, a challenge for social computing, modeling and simulation. A challenge but also an opportunity, as the evolution of the forms of conflict, today centered on the local populations, has prompted the armies tasked with implementing stabilization missions to develop influence actions. Such operations, overall concerned with persuading the locals of the legitimacy of the operations, allow a more comprehensive approach to conflict resolution, beyond the simple use of force. Modeling some of these specific actions (PSYOPS, CIMIC, and Key Leader Engagement) is a credible project and a contribution to analysis of communication and persuasion processes in social networks by taking into account detailed and specific social and cultural factors. This research thus presents a conceptual model allowing simulation of the effects of these specific actions of influence in a realistic civilian population. We chose an agent-based approach as these lend particularly well with this type of research, allowing us to generate a group of up to 10,000 agents, composed solely of individuals for a detailed cognitive treatment, and structured as a multilayer network for representing complex sociality. Given the nature of such actions and their context of application, such a model also highlights some social mechanisms typical of armed conflict situations
Huchon, Jean. "Intégration et conflits d'espaces - les dynamiques territoriales des Pokot (Nord-Ouest du Kenya)." Phd thesis, Université Toulouse le Mirail - Toulouse II, 2004. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00458294.
Full textPannier, Emmanuel. "“Có đi có lại mới toại lòng nhau" Circulation non marchande et relations sociales dans un village du delta du fleuve Rouge (Nord du Vietnam) : donner, recevoir et rendre pour s'allier." Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012AIXM3042/document.
Full textThe following ethnological research aims at grasping a few characteristic features of the Vietnamese principles of sociality, through the study of non-commercial transactions taking place in a village located in the Northern Vietnam. The first part of the doctoral thesis lists the forms, the practices and the nature of non-commercial transactions occurring in the village. The second part analyses the social meanings and functions of those symbolics transactions. The ethnographic description of the system shows that most of the transactions occurring are ritualized : on defined occasions, villagers give a gift to someone else in need and at the moment when they need it. Those non-commercial transactions can be defined as a system of ceremonial gif-giving based on mutual aid, gesture reciprocity, and moral debt. The study of the connections between the gifts given and the social relations involved in the transactions allow us to map out the organization of the social relations according to the degrees of closeness. This study ends with the analysis of the social function entailed by mutual gifts. Their role is mainly to create and strengthen tình cảm, relationships, that is to say relationships filled with spontaneous and moral feelings. Because those « bonding gifts » participate to the regulation of the personnel relationship in the village, we can consider that they embody that «fleeting moment when society sets » (Mauss, 1999: 275) in rural area in Northern Vietnam
Simon-Loriere, Hélène. "Conditions de vie et projets migratoires des réfugiés libériens à Conakry (Guinée) et Accra (Ghana)." Phd thesis, Université de Poitiers, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00959961.
Full textDedieu, Jean-Philippe. "La prise de parole de l'immigration subsaharienne en France (1960-1995)." Paris, EHESS, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008EHES0161.
Full textExcluding the pre-decolonisation era, historians and sociologists have long neglected Sub-Saharan immigration. In order to examine its social history, the comparatist approach appears to be the most pertinent when examining the official representation of a particularly vilified and reified migratory movement. InternaI, rather than externat this comparative study focused on the participation of African migrants to various groups: interest groups or professional groups. '"Leaders of governmental associations", "trade unionists", "developers", "actors", "Iawyers", the five areas of enquiry gathered in this research project attempt by means of juxtaposition to break with the representation of migrants based on their members' contribution to the economy, rather than on cultural, legal of political history. Focusing on their discursive practices amounts to examining the conditions and constraints which objectivise collective entities and legitimize social frontiers under the double ascendancy of French and African states. The very process of making their opinion heard raises the question of the social and political conditions of the institutionalization of their representatives and the constitution of the groups they represent. Two themes stand out in the conclusion to this research. The first ilIustrates the strategies which were developed by the African governments, with the backing of the French State, concerning the political power. The second specifies the discrimination which undermine, be it labourers or elites, African migrants in France
Benalouache, Nadia. "L’énergie solaire pour la production d’électricité au Maghreb : transition énergétique et jeux d’échelles." Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017AIXM0137/document.
Full textThe « low carbon » transition in the Maghreb, analyzed with a focus on the deployment of solar energy for electricity generation, is considered in both a Euro-Mediterranean and national context. This transition is the result of projects that were designed by supranational organizations and agreed on at the highest level. On a Euro-Mediterranean level, initiatives were implemented to support a large scale development of solar energy, whether it be at an intergovernmental level (Mediterranean Solar Plan, 2008), by private industrial consortia (Desertec Industrial Initiative, Medgrid 2009). At national level, the three Maghreb countries (Algeria, Morocco, Tunisia), have formulated explicit renewables development policies, (especially since 2009), and established national plans and programs (Moroccan Solar Plan, Tunisian Solar Plan, National Renewable and Efficiency Energy Program in Algeria). The purpose of this thesis is to explore the implementation of the « low carbon » transition in the Maghreb and show what spatial and relational implications it had both at European and national level. Thus, we explain how electrical energy contributes to redefine how regional areas connect and to what extent the implementation of solar technologies helps reshape the geography of electrical energy in the Maghreb. The technical aspect (network infrastructure and electricity production unit by solar energy) will be studied following a systemic approach, at the crossroads of spatial, social, political and economical spheres
الملخص تسعى الأطروحة إ لى تحليل الانتقال نحو الطاقات الىتجددة وخاصة الشمسية بأقطار الىغرب العربي من خلالإطارين : إطارأورو - متوسطي و إطار قطري مح . يبدو الانتقال الطاقي وكأنه نتاج لىشاريع أعدتها هياكل فوق قطرية .ك ما أن إقرارها تم لى تموضع مبادرات تهدف إ لى ، أ ع ا لى ستويات السياسية . فع الىستوى ا لا ورو - متوسطي استعمال الطاقة الشمسية ع نطاق واسع وهذه الىبادرات ناشئةعن ترتيبات ب ين .(2008 - خطة الطاقة الشمسية الىتوسطية 2009 الحكومات ) مبادرة ديزرتاك اهتمت الأطروحة بأقطار الىغرب العربي الثلاثة )تونس - الجزائر - الىغرب ( مجسدة لى ثلاثة برامج كلى ى : خطة الطاقة الشمسية الىغربية، الىخطط الشم التون ، ا ل لىنامج الوطني للطاقة الىتجددة وكفاءة الطاقة لى الجزائر . إن الغرض من الأطروحة هو كذلك تحليل الانتقال الطاقي بشمال إفريقيا وإبراز أثارها الىجالية والعلائقية ع الىستوىا لا ورو - متوسطي و ع الىستويات الوطنية، ك ما نسعى إ لى إبراز كيفة مساعدة الطاقة الشمسية ع إعادة تعريف الشبكات غ الىستوى الإقليمي وكيف أن إعادة توزيع تكنولوجيا الطاقة الشمسية تشارك لى إعادة رسم جغرافية الكهرباء بشمال إفريقيا
Ben, Khalifa Rached. "Les entrepreneurs issus de l’immigration maghrébine dans la métropole parisienne : tendances associatives, perspectives d’évolution et activités économiques avec le pays d’origine." Thesis, Paris, CNAM, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012CNAM0808/document.
Full textAbsract:We discussed in this thesis the maghrebian entrepreneurial ship in Paris, This capital is known by its cultural diversity . the starting point was the association’s activities that make the business men that we meet. We have identified some entrepreneurial network. These network have as missions to federate des efforts of the maghrebian entrepreneurs to conterbalance the concurrents in France and to guarantee the best conditions for the entrepreneurial return to tha origin country in maghreb.We evoked also in this doctoral work, the aspects of maghrebian diasporas, and the difficulties to transmit the original cultures to the younger generations . the acting with the double culture and or the assimilation full integration in the host society (the frensh community) .We studied also some economic consequences of creating company in the origin country (Tunisia) by the maghrebian business men. Especially the economic desintegration or the integration through out the entrepreneurial establishement either creating compagnies or by some partenarship.Kee words: entrepreneurship, associations, network, diasporas, maghrebian, Paris, identities, culture, economic integration
Mansita, Sangi. "Les objectifs du Millénaire pour le développement : regard critique sur leur mise en œuvre par les Églises anglicanes de deux pays du Sud : Angola et RD Congo." Thesis, Strasbourg, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014STRAK010/document.
Full textThe attention is focused in our thesis on the question of how the Anglican communion in general, and the Anglican Churches of Angola and RDC in particular, have appropriated resolutions and recommandations resulting from the TEAM Conference. The concept of "poverty" in the broad sense is the root of all the problems plaguing societies and the churches of the South. Nowadays, a certain number of missionary and pastoral initiatives which appear to be based purely on piety always have unexpressed motives which have to do with the pursuit of personal material interests. The emphasis has always been placed on economic growth as a necessary factor which can be used for raising the standard of living of the poor in the South. However, there are many States that have experienced considerable economic growth, like Angola, but the income of the poor class increases so unbalanced and uneven, and stlll is, for many famillies, unsatisfactory. The Millennium Declaration declared poverty in all its dimensions to be the main challenge facing humanity, an iron curtain which needed to be breached for the development of Southem Nations. Given the extent of poverty which, despite multiple routes taken and solutions envisaged, continues to grow, we quickly realize that it is only the African who is, in our opinion, the origin of the misery of his country and his continent. Therefore, we can continue to consider many measures and the economy of different factors to end the crisis, but the main factor is the African man himself. The people of the South are, above all, at the mercy of internal forces. We are witnessing the defeat of intelligence, the loss of reason and autonomy on the part of a number of African policies, creating institutions cut off from all ability to make free and wise choices, working as a priority for the "politics of the belly"
Yemdam, Nguetchom Marie Louise Liliane. "Pour une redéfinition du phonème: analyse socio-écolinguistique du phonème français r. Le cas des immigrés francophones du Cameroun en Afrique du Sud." Diss., 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/2263/24661.
Full textDissertation (MA (French))--University of Pretoria, 2007.
Modern European Languages
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