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Academic literature on the topic 'Réseaux sociaux – Sénégal – 1990-2020'
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Réseaux sociaux – Sénégal – 1990-2020"
Gassama, Absa. "Marché du travail et structuration d'un groupe professionnel : le cas des travailleuses domestiques du Sénégal." Paris, EHESS, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012EHES0131.
Full textThe objective of this thesis is to explore the forms of the informal structure of the professional group of domestic workers in the labour market of a poor developing country. To do this, although aware of the formal structural forms and the conflicting links with this informal world, we have based most of our study tries to discover forms of institutionalization in manners that are outside of the rational legal world. We tried to discover the cultural and socioeconomic foundations of the practice of massive domestic wage work. Thus, from the perversion of the circulation of children to the present forms of exercise of the domestic wage work, we find common cultural traits from castes or traditional social classes in Senegal. However, we observe above mainly a real questioning of the forms of solidarity who had woven around traditional domestic work with the wide dissemination of the social practice of domestic wage work and the mobilization of domestic workers on labour markets, to enhance their careers and working conditions. The practice of massive domestic wage work in Senegal led to the institutionalization of its mode of exchange in labour markets belonging to the informal economy. The study of these markets reveals the structure of the group of domestic workers on the basis of their work and from that of a network of intermediaries that emerges. The result is a professional group that puts the concept of "labour markets closed" (C. Paradeise) or social closure in the neo-weberian language
Chort, Isabelle. "Trois essais sur les migrations." Paris, EHESS, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011EHES0053.
Full textThis dissertation presents three studies on migration. Chapter 2 examines the impact of migrant networks on the decision to migrate of Senegalese. Both family and community networks seem to positively affect migration, but the former appear to be destination-specific while the latter are not. Networks are also found more useful to women, and those households that are most deprived of socio-economic capital. In chapter 3, I study the influence of migrant networks in destination countries (France and Italy) on remittances behavior of Senegalese migrants. An illustrative model emphasizes the double nature of the network (supplier of services to the migrant, means of communitation), that seems to be exploited by the origin household to control part of migrants' remittances. Ln chapter 4, I use Mexican panel data to compare individuals' intentions to migrate to the materialization of their plans, in order to shed a new Iight on the two-stage selection process of Mexican migrants. The classical Roy model of self selection is here adapted to intentions to migrate. Under the assumption that intentions are rational, different motives for the non-materialization of migration plans are empirically explored: exogenous shocks or omitted constraints. Estimation results show that climatic shocks (rainfall, hurricanes) affect the probability to migrate. However, some constraints, in particular due to gender, seem to predominate: women are found to migrate less, conditional on their initial intentions
Senne, Jean-Noël. "Migration, remittances and schooling decisions within the household : evidence from innovative surveys in Senegal and Madagascar." Paris, EHESS, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013EHES0124.
Full textThis doctoral thesis proposes three original contributions to the theoretical and empirical literature in development economics in Africa. The two broad fields of investigation are the economics of international migration in Senegal and the economics of education in Madagascar. The first chapter deals with the issue of intra-household selection into migration and aims at identifying the key components that drive the selection of migrants within their origin household. The second chapter investigates the social determinants of remittances and analyzes the influence of the redistributive norms conveyed by the origin household through migrant networks at destination on the likelihood and amounts of remittances. The third chapter investigates the impact of adult mortality within the household on subsequent children schooling decisions over the short and long run. These three chapters ail build on a microeconomic approach of decisions and behaviors among individuals within a household. The originality of the underlying data sets -ROR and MIDDAS -allows not only to bring new insights on some issues that may have been already explored by the literature, but also to tackle issues that have been so far un-or under-explored due to a lack of appropriate data. This thesis therefore highlights the importance of inter-disciplinarity, fieldwork and innovative survey designs in the investigation of original questions at the frontier of the existing research
Danis, Asli Didem. "Pour une sociologie du transit dans les phénomènes migratoires : le cas des réseaux des migrants irakiens en transit à Istanbul." Paris, EHESS, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008EHES0032.
Full textThe Iraqi exodus, continuing since the 1991 Gulf War, has generated new forms of migration, namely transit migration. Turkey is one of the countries which has been transformed into a "zone of passage" for Iraqi exiles. This thesis examines the social networks of the Iraqi transit migrants in Ista. I1bul, particularly the Iraqi Christians, of whom the majority are Chaldean Catholics. Their prolonged stay, which extends up to 10 years in some cases, leads to the construction of specific networks that play a critical roIe in the migratory process of this "community en route". The thesis takes into account other Iraqi groups too, such as the Turkmens and the Kurds, in order to investigate the interaction between migratory networks and state policies. This work also analyzes the capacities and the limits of the transnational networks, particularly religious ones
Rammelt, Henry. "La mobilisation sociale en Europe de l'Est depuis la crise financière de 2008 : une analyse comparative de l’évolution des réseaux militants en Hongrie et en Roumanie." Thesis, Lyon, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016LYSE2168/document.
Full textIn Eastern Europe the financial crisis of 2008 highlighted the gap between expectations concerning the new configuration of liberal and capitalist states on the one hand, and the social realities on the other. Waves of contention followed, which were provoked especially by austerity measures implemented by the respective governments. These were in their majority directed against the post-communist elites, which were held responsible for the perceived slow progress regarding economic performance and the democratization process in the years before. With the purpose of analyzing new forms of collective action and protests that appeared following this crisis, this dissertation is dedicated to study, in a comparative manner, activist networks in Hungary and Romania between 2008 and 2014.The following questions are in the center of the study: Are those recent waves of mobilization different from forms of protests prior to the crisis or can we observe a continuation of repertoires of contention? If Romania and Hungary are considered to be countries still located in the transition process, without having reached the “goal” of consolidated democracies, are the conditions and forms of collective action also undergoing profound transformations? If so, how can we explain the different dynamics in those two countries?Given the fact, that the analysis of social movements is becoming a multicentric subfield of social sciences, the present study draws on a diversity of analytical angles, not only stemming from approaches to investigate social movements and regime change, but also including additional theoretical avenues, in order to answer these main questions. Taking into account the transformation background of Romania and Hungary seems the appropriate perspective to understand recent mobilizations. For this purpose, this study analyzes processes of the accumulation of cognitive and relational social capital, shaping a new generation of activists. By doing so, the emphasis could be put on observing the effects of protests on subsequent mobilizations and the spillover/ interaction between activist networks over time. In a first step, I gathered comparable data on the political, economic and social environment, in which these networks arose, by carrying out expert on-line surveys in both countries. For a better understanding of mechanisms of resource mobilization, mobilization channels, network characteristics and organizational features, I conducted 26 in-depth interviews with activists from both countries. As a result, I was able to highlight the significance of protest-specific experiences for future mobilizations. Online social networks appear to play a key role in this dynamic in contemporary social movements, mainly through their capacity of generating a collective identity and transforming personal indignation into collective action. The nature and the intensity of this dynamic vary in the two countries. While I observed a growth of, what I called “recreational activism” in Romania, resulting from the concomitance of patterns of cultural consumption and civic involvement, a certain protest fatigue can be attested for the first years after the crisis in Hungary. Confronted with stable political configurations and a government that is widely supported by the electorate, movements contesting the power of Fidesz were not able to destabilize existing power structures in Hungary. Hence, this study shows that a longstanding culture of protest and of civic engagement does not necessarily lead, in different circumstances, to high levels of political activism of challengers to political power. Furthermore, the Romanian case suggests that rather the absence of such a culture, combined with a lack of precedent and experiences for both, engaged citizens and authorities can open spaces for renegotiating rules and provoke (lasting) political and cultural changes
Lecat-Ciarafoni, Ludivine. "Art, réseaux et pouvoirs dans la culture : Réseaux artistiques et réseaux politiques sur la Côte d'Azur." Thesis, Nice, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014NICE2024/document.
Full textBased on the study of social networks, we have observed how the interrelationships between the world of contemporary art and the politics in the establishment of cultural policies are numerous. Reform driven by the State from the 1980s has led to the creation of an institutional network become the cornerstone for the advancement of the careers of artists and undertaking the pre-existing merchant network. This upheaval brought the artists in the French Riviera to develop a strategy of seduction regarding to cultural leaders and local politicians, through to school education, openings, artists groups and associations.Only an ethnological investigation, based on conversation and ethnographic observations done during openings, press conference, more or less with formal meetings gave us a better comprehension about interaction between artists and politicians in one place: the French Riviera
Kondratov, Alexander. "Ancrage politique et social des dispositifs socionumériques de communication dans la société russe postsoviétique." Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes (ComUE), 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015GREAL023.
Full textThis PhD work questions the place of digital information and communication devices involved in the reconfiguration of the contemporary post-Soviet public sphere (Habermas, 1991). It also examines the emergence, social inclusion and the political use of web participatory spaces - such as blogs, forums and social networks, in this society. Also, we explore the process of mediation, as is carried outside the traditional media in the post-Soviet national public sphere. After applying the different analysis methods of networks (mapping, interviews, participant observation), we can conclude that in contemporary Russia we observe the return to dual model public space: Official "dominant" (consists largely of audio-visual media, papers; magazines, radio stations) and "parallel" (consists of the oppositional political parties, "new" digital media) (Kiriya, 2012). These trends confirm the persistence of forms and configurations of public space in society despite the social and economic changes. In the post-Soviet context, the "new" digital media support the social and political cleavage in. At the same time, these devices contribute to the appearance of new actors of debates and production of information, and the maintenance of the diversity of opinions. Thereby, digital communication devices can be inserted in different social spaces, accompany the liberation and domination practices at the same time. Our work shows that the deployment of digital networks and digital media accompanies the development of the post-Soviet society. They stabilize and make visible the configuration of preexisting actors in different social spaces. This study of political use of digital networks and media in the official public space lead us to adopt a critical view of the "positivist" perception of digital networks as tools of deliberation and argumentative discussions. Thus, the post-Soviet digital space has become a digital extension of the formal domination of public space while ensuring the appropriation of state propaganda speeches and their penetration into the private area. This work shows that the social use (Miège, 2007) and policy of these tools in Russian society is quite conservative and does not contribute to the liberation and democratization of society. Quite the contrary, these devices are used to reproduce the dominant political divide public space and so on. The debates and mobilizations on the Internet have slightly contributed to the emancipation and social change. Inserted into existing national social fields, these digital media has led to the deliberation and control of violence. At the same time, they could be mobilized by the dominant players in order to establish their domination and violence. In the post-Soviet context, digital technologies have contributed to the decline of the political opposition mobilization, reinforcing the isolation of political actors, excluded from the public space, and profitable social control for current Russian authorities. The "spontaneous" social movement is performed according to the historically pre-existing forms protesters (Cabedoche Bertrand, 2010) and our study of post-Soviet case fully confirms it
Abdel, Hamid Mohammad. "La médiation socionumérique du street artivisme en Egypte (2010-2013) et sa contribution à l’émergence d’un public politique : approche sémiotique d’une expérience esthétique révolutionnaire." Thesis, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017USPCA024/document.
Full textThe discursive transgression of street art can be expressed in various spaces. In the street for a first appearance, but the coverings on the social networks give new spatiality and temporality to a work, they now inscribe it in duration as well as in a new "effect of meaning". Moving from an urban wall to a sociodigital wall, subversion commits to the constitution of a community around a thematic or a more or less politicized center of interest. Egypt in 2010 sees street art suddenly appearing in its streets and spreading like wildfire on the sociodigital networks from the insurrectional uprising of January-February 2011.From this observation, it will be necessary to study the contribution of the social media mediation of street art, taken over by activist communities, to incite political collectives to an action. This work of thesis will try to verify to what extent these collectives are instituted in a political public demanding the fall of a political regime as well as the establishment of a civil and democratic power. A pragmatist approach will combine a deweyian "theory of action" with a Peircian semiotics in order to observe the actions of a political public. These are aroused by media devices, which include street artivist images in their speeches, generating victimary and martyrological mythographic narratives
Entraygues, Adeline. "La place des réseaux socionumériques dans la culture de l'information : pratiques prescrites scolaires et pratiques d'information informelles des jeunes dans le second degré." Thesis, Bordeaux 3, 2020. http://scd.u-bordeaux-montaigne.fr/these/acces_reserve.php.
Full textThe purpose of our research is to question the epistemological issues of information culture and the place of SNSs in a school context. Through the prism of prescribed and informal information practices on NSRs, the aim is to study how a multi-layered and stratified information culture is being formed.Juvenile information practices on SNSs, which are divided between sharing and searching for information and communication between peers, question the documentary pedagogy implemented by teacher-librarians, who are responsible, within the school, for Media and Information Education.What are the links between prescribed documentary practices and informal juvenile practices? How do teacher-prescribed documentary pedagogical practices influence juvenile informal information practices on SNSs? What forms for information culture centred around SNSs? To answer these questions, we have implemented a comprehensive methodology combining interviews and observations of sessions and mobilizing analysis of speeches and pedagogical documents. Through the prism of prescribed information learning, one can observe that an information culture is emerging that is moving towards a critical approach to information taking the form of operational and conceptual information literacy education and shaping a culture of information citizenship
Müller-Funk, Lea. "Transnational politics beyond the Arab uprisings : Egyptian activism in Vienna and Paris." Thesis, Paris, Institut d'études politiques, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016IEPP0005.
Full textThis interdisciplinary PhD project examines what Østergaard-Nielsen (2003) calls ‘homeland politics’, namely the political activities of migrants and refugees who aim to influence the domestic or foreign policy of their country of origin. It focuses on two case studies, Vienna and Paris, and examines the people and groups who tried to influence politics during and after the uprisings in Egypt (2011-2013). It focuses particularly on the identification of transnational activists, their networks and their motives of their political participation. It further analyzes the role of social media as a tool for transnational politics. The thesis is divided into three parts. The first adopts a macro-level approach and traces the context in which transnational practices of Egyptian migrants and their children take place, by focusing on emigration, immigration and immigrant policies. The second is an empirical analysis on the micro-level and describes different types of transnational activists, their argumentations, networks, and strategies. This includes a comprehensive analysis of their use of Facebook. The third part is a theoretical contribution to political transnationalism by discussing the limits of Egyptian transnational civil society today and by developing an analytical framework for factors which influence homeland politics