Relevant bibliographies by topics / Reserve Bank of Zimbabwe

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  1. Journal articles
  2. Dissertations / Theses
  3. Books
  4. Book chapters
  5. Conference papers
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Academic literature on the topic 'Reserve Bank of Zimbabwe'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 6 February 2022

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Journal articles on the topic "Reserve Bank of Zimbabwe"

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Chitimira, Howard, and Elfas Torerai. "The Nexus between Mobile Money Regulation, Innovative Technology and the Promotion of Financial Inclusion in Zimbabwe." Potchefstroom Electronic Law Journal 24 (June 29, 2021): 1–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.17159/1727-3781/2021/v24i0a10739.

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The advent of mobile money innovations has given people in rural areas, informal settlements and other poor communities an opportunity to participate in Zimbabwe's mainstream financial economy. However, the technology-driven money services have presented some challenges to the traditional banking sector in general and the regulation of financial services in particular. Firstly, most mobile money services are products of telecommunication corporations, which are not banks. Telecommunication companies use their network reach to provide mobile money services via mobile devices at a cheaper cost than banks across the country in Zimbabwe. As such, banks face unprecedented competition from telecommunications companies that are venturing into financial services. It also appears that prudential regulation of banks cannot keep up with the fast pace at which technological innovations are developing and this has created a disjuncture between the regulation and the use of technological innovations to promote financial inclusion in Zimbabwe. The Banking Act [Chapter 24:20] 9 of 1999, the Reserve Bank of Zimbabwe Act [Chapter 22:15] 5 of 1999 and the National Payment Systems Act [Chapter 24:23] 21 of 2001 have a limited scope in terms of the regulation of mobile money services in Zimbabwe. The Ministry of Finance and Economic Development launched the National Financial Inclusion Strategy (NFIS) 2016-2020 to provide impetus to the financial inclusion of the poor, unbanked and low-income earners in Zimbabwe. However, the NFIS appears to push more for bank-led financial inclusion than it does for innovation-driven initiatives such as mobile money services. This article highlights the positive influence of mobile money services in improving financial inclusion for the poor, unbanked and low-income earners in Zimbabwe. The article also seeks to point out gaps and flaws in the financial services regulatory framework that may limit the potential of mobile money services to reach more people so that they actively participate in the Zimbabwean economy. It is submitted that the Zimbabwean mobile money services regulations and the financial regulatory framework should be carefully amended in line with the recent innovations in mobile money to adequately regulate the use of mobile money services and innovative technology to address the financial exclusion of the poor, unbanked and low-income earners in Zimbabwe.
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Mpofu, Raphael Tabani. "Dollarization and economic development in Zimbabwe: An interrupted time-series analysis." Risk Governance and Control: Financial Markets and Institutions 5, no. 4 (2015): 38–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.22495/rgcv5i4art4.

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This paper examines the impact of dollarization on the performance of the Zimbabwean economy from 2003 to 2014 using an interrupted time-series analysis. In Zimbabwe’s case, dollarization was the official replacement of the Zimbabwean dollar with the U.S. dollar. Rapid dollarization in the economy was accelerated by the exogenous shock caused by the injection of cash dollars into the Zimbabwean economy, mostly from international transfers. Since the official adoption of dollarization, Zimbabwe is largely a cash-based economy, with a huge amount of U.S. dollars that are in circulation outside the banking system. A hands-off approach to currency management has served Zimbabwe well since 2009, but a number of risks are beginning to emerge as the economy has slowly regenerated itself and the need for large capital injections has increased. Macroeconomic data obtained from the World Bank and from the Reserve Bank of Zimbabwe’s Monthly Economic Review is analysed. According to the tests conducted, it was found that dollarization did introduce some macroeconomic stability in Zimbabwe although a few key macroeconomic variables showed a sustained improvement. Statistical analysis shows that increased dollarization had positively affected reversed the spiralling effects of hyperinflation that were prevalent prior to 2009, although inflationary pressures still continued, albeit at a slower pace. This research has implications not just for Zimbabwean policy makers as they grapple with decisions pertaining to re-adoption of a local currency and/or the continuation of the use of the US dollar and/or the adoption of a regional currency, for example, the South African rand. The African Union and specifically, the Southern Africa Development Community should look at these policy issues very closely in order to provide policy direction to its member states.
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Barugahara, Florence. "Financial Inclusion in Zimbabwe: Determinants, Challenges, and Opportunities." International Journal of Financial Research 12, no. 3 (February 4, 2021): 261. http://dx.doi.org/10.5430/ijfr.v12n3p261.

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Financial inclusion is a highly topical issue for policymakers since inclusive finance is viewed as a channel of social and economic development. Therefore, this paper seeks to ascertain and examine the determinants, challenges, and opportunities for financial inclusion in Zimbabwe. The research is done by examining existing literature and estimating Logit and Probit models. This paper finds that, the major determinants of financial inclusion in Zimbabwe are; gender, age, education, income levels, employment status, the cost of financial services, account opening requirements, and level of trust in the financial system. Challenges to financial inclusion in Zimbabwe include; financial illiteracy, lack of formal identification documents, lack of trust in the financial system, fragile economy, rural poor and gender inequality, and high transaction costs of financial services. However, mobile money services such as Eco-cash, Tel-cash, and One-money have proved an opportunity for inclusive finance in Zimbabwe. Furthermore, the establishment of the women’s Bank of Zimbabwe is one of the strategies to enhance inclusive finance for women in Zimbabwe. The simplified KYC requirements for low-income groups and the financial inclusion strategy commissioned by the Reserve Bank of Zimbabwe are hoped to promote financial inclusion. This paper recommended that to make finance inclusive, the government should develop policies that target marginalized groups such as the elderly, rural population, low-income earners, females, and the unemployed. The government should also develop a strong consumer protection regulatory framework, promote financial literacy, reduce the transaction cost of financial services and encourage the use of accounts with simplified KYC requirements to ease documentation needs.
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Phiri, Maxwell A., and Pinigas Mbengo. "Governance of the impact of price satisfaction dimensions on mobile banking adoption." Risk Governance and Control: Financial Markets and Institutions 7, no. 4-2 (2018): 270–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.22495/rgc7i4c2art9.

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The Reserve Bank of Zimbabwe has encouraged the use of mobile banking services in a bid to promote financial inclusion and as an additive banking channel to compliment traditional banking model. The mobile phones have phenomenally changed the way the Zimbabwean banking industry is conducting business. The major purpose of this study is to critically examine the impact of influence of price satisfaction dimensions on behavioural intention to adopt mobile banking. The study used a descriptor-explanatory design whereby descriptive design was a precursor to explanation. Data was collected using a questionnaire and analysed using the Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS). Findings show that relative prices had the strongest positive influence on behavioural intention to adopt mobile banking. However, price confidence did not indicate any significant relationship with dependent behavioural intention and the hypothesis so associated was therefore not supported. Price fairness and price transparency had negative significant relationships with the dependent variable behavioural intention to adopt mobile banking. Given these findings, the researchers made recommendations to various stakeholders in the banking industry. This study is important because it highlights the dimensions that are powerful predictors in attracting new customers in the mobile baking industry.
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John Davison Nhavira. "An Independent Review of The Reserve Bank of Zimbabwe's Monetary Policy Transparency." Eastern Africa Social Science Research Review 26, no. 1 (2010): 59–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/eas.0.0012.

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Tarugara, Allan, Bruce W. Clegg, Edson Gandiwa, Victor K. Muposhi, and Colin M. Wenham. "Measuring body dimensions of leopards (Panthera pardus) from camera trap photographs." PeerJ 7 (September 18, 2019): e7630. http://dx.doi.org/10.7717/peerj.7630.

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Measurement of body dimensions of carnivores usually requires the chemical immobilization of subjects. This process can be dangerous, costly and potentially harmful to the target individuals. Development of an alternative, inexpensive, and non-invasive method therefore warrants attention. The objective of this study was to test whether it is possible to obtain accurate measurements of body dimensions of leopards from camera trap photographs. A total of 10 leopards (Panthera pardus) were captured and collared at Malilangwe Wildlife Reserve, Zimbabwe from May 7 to June 20, 2017 and four body measurements namely shoulder height, head-to-tail, body, and tail length were recorded. The same measurements were taken from 101 scaled photographs of the leopards recorded during a baited-camera trapping (BCT) survey conducted from July 1 to October 22, 2017 and differences from the actual measurements calculated. Generalized Linear Mixed Effects Models were used to determine the effect of type of body measurement, photographic scale, posture, and sex on the accuracy of the photograph-based measurements. Type of body measurement and posture had a significant influence on accuracy. Least squares means of absolute differences between actual and photographic measurements showed that body length in the level back-straight forelimb-parallel tail posture was measured most accurately from photographs (2.0 cm, 95% CI [1.5–2.7 cm]), while head-to-tail dimensions in the arched back-bent forelimb-parallel tail posture were least accurate (8.3 cm, 95% CI [6.1–11.2 cm]). Using the BCT design, we conclude that it is possible to collect accurate morphometric data of leopards from camera trap photographs. Repeat measurements over time can provide researchers with vital body size and growth rate information which may help improve the monitoring and management of species of conservation concern, such as leopards.
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Chakawa, Joshua, and V. Z. Nyawo-Shava. "Guerrilla warfare and the environment in Southern Africa: Impediments faced by ZIPRA and Umkhonto Wesizwe." Oral History Journal of South Africa 2, no. 2 (February 4, 2015): 36–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.25159/2309-5792/6.

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Zimbabwe Peoples’ Revolutionary Army (ZIPRA) was the armed wing of Zimbabwe African People’s Union (ZAPU) which waged the war to liberate Zimbabwe. It operated from its bases in Zambia between 1964 and 1980. Umkhonto Wesizwe (MK) was ANC’s armed wing which sought to liberate South Africa from minority rule. Both forces (MK and ZIPRA) worked side by side until the attainment of independence by Zimbabwe when ANC guerrillas were sent back to Zambia by the new Zimbabwean government. This paper argues that the failure of ZIPRA and Umkhonto Wesizwe to deploy larger numbers of guerrillas to the war front in Zimbabwe (then Rhodesia) and South Africa was mainly caused by bio-physical challenges. ZAPU and ANC guerrillas faced the difficult task of crossing the Zambezi River and then walking through the sparsely vegetated areas, game reserves and parks until they reached villages deep in the country. Rhodesian and South African Defense Forces found it relatively easy to disrupt guerrilla movements along these routes. Even after entering into Rhodesia, ANC guerrillas had environmental challenges in crossing to South Africa. As such, they could not effectively launch protracted rural guerrilla warfare. Studies on ZIPRA and ANC guerrilla warfare have tended to ignore these environmental problems across inhospitable territories. For the ANC, surveillance along Limpopo River and in Kruger National Park acted more as impediments than conduits. ANC also had to cope with almost all challenges which confronted ZIPRA guerrillas such as the Zambezi, Lake Kariba and various parks which Rhodesians always used as a first line of defense but had a geographically difficult task in South Africa where the environment was not attractive for a guerrilla warfare.
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Hubbard, Stephen M. "The National Infrastructure Reserve Bank." Public Works Management & Policy 22, no. 1 (November 11, 2016): 38–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1087724x16670644.

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This article examines the implementation of a novel national infrastructure bank (NIB) which coins or “makes” U.S. currency to provide capital for infrastructure loans. This approach eliminates bond expense while reducing long-term life cycle costs caused by deferred maintenance and construction inflation. It also addresses the three main issues that have blocked prior NIB proposals by providing a near zero-cost source of capital, reducing the total size of government employment, and isolating funding from national politics while reducing costs by US$75 to US$220 billion and creating up to three million or more jobs annually.
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Gopinath, Gita, and Jeremy C. Stein. "Trade Invoicing, Bank Funding, and Central Bank Reserve Holdings." AEA Papers and Proceedings 108 (May 1, 2018): 542–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1257/pandp.20181065.

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We develop a model that shows how the currency denomination of a country's imports influences the funding structure of its banking system, and in turn, the currency composition of its central bank's reserve holdings. The link between the dollar's role in bank funding and its role as a central bank reserve currency is stronger when the country's fiscal capacity is limited, and when exchange rates are volatile. In the data, there is a pronounced cross-country relationship between the fraction of imports that are dollar invoiced, and the fraction of central-bank foreign-exchange reserves that are held in dollars.
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GANGOPADHYAY, PARTHA. "RESERVE BANK INDEPENDENCE: SOME CRITICAL INSIGHTS." Economic Papers: A journal of applied economics and policy 15, no. 1 (March 1996): 20–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1759-3441.1996.tb00921.x.

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Reserve Bank of Zimbabwe"

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Dhliwayo, Charity Lindile. "Bank supervision in Zimbabwe." Thesis, Bangor University, 1990. https://research.bangor.ac.uk/portal/en/theses/bank-supervision-in-zimbabwe(8c6b037b-e540-4fdd-a678-4fa8de5a04b4).html.

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Concern with bank failures and crises due to the increased volume and complexity of banking risks has emphasised banking regulatory policy that is aimed towards helping to ensure bank safety. In response to the changing banking environment, prudential supervision has increased in importance. This study is an empirical evaluation of the impact of the present and evolving supervisory system in Zimbabwe. The ultimate aim is to identify the most appropriate system that can best meet supervisory objectives. It is found that capital adequacy supervision is a central requirement for effective supervision. Three research methods were applied to the problem: field survey, theory and related statistical analysis, and simulation. The field survey established the pressures leading to supervision, and the objectives, instruments and likely effects of supervision in Zimbabwe. Theory and practical policy considerations were then used to draw out the potential empirical effects of supervision. For statistical testing purposes, supervision was proxied as the imposition of capital adequacy constraints. The general methodological approach used was to analyse trends in performance and condition of banks before and after the implementation of supervision. Since the Zimbabwean supervisory system is new, a comparative study of other developing countries' supervision was undertaken. Non-statistical, financial simulation experiments were then carried out to illustrate more clearly the important policy implications of the results. xviii The results confirmed the importance of capital adequacy analysis. It was concluded that capital ratios should be strengthened as volume of operations increased and the operating environment became risky. Whilst gearing ratios were useful in relating the volume of operations to capital strength, the results indicated the comparative suitability of adopting the risk assets ratios which facilitates more detailed risk appraisal. However, it was concluded that capital ratios, used alone, are not adequate indicators of overall prudential soundness. Close and adequate monitoring of all bank operations are also essential.
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Chaney, Shea Turman. "Automation of Dominion Bank's federal reserve bank account." Master's thesis, This resource online, 1992. http://scholar.lib.vt.edu/theses/available/etd-03302010-020230/.

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Kaseke, Melissa Chinyangarara. "Consumer Protection; Efficient and Effective Bank Regulation in Zimbabwe." University of the Western Cape, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/11394/6268.

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Magister Legum - LLM (Public Law and Jurisprudence)
Zimbabwe is a Southern African country which has witnessed frequent bank collapses in the last two decades. This has eroded consumer and business confidence in the banking sector due to the irreparable financial prejudice suffered by most sectoral consumers. The side effect of this lack of trust in the sector has been the hoarding and preference of cash in most, if not all transactions, as opposed to the use of plastic money. Between April 2015 and March 2016, it is estimated that between US$3 billion and US$7.4 billion was circulating outside the banking system in the informal sector thus exposing the depth of mistrust crippling the banking sector. Together with other factors beyond the scope of this study, it is submitted that this lack of trust and confidence in the sector has contributed to the current cash shortage which, according to Latham and Cohen, has left .a black hole in the financial system that's crushing the rest of the economy'.
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Madhuku, Lovemore. "Legal aspects of bank financing for companies in Zimbabwe." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 1999. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.624188.

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Schnidman, Evan A. "Essays on Federal Reserve Bank Evolution, Transparency and Market Interaction." Thesis, Harvard University, 2013. http://dissertations.umi.com/gsas.harvard:11107.

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This three part dissertation begins by "Examining the Origin of Federal Reserve Independence." This paper explores early Fed history with a particular emphasis on the period between 1947 and 1953 in order to provide a complete political account of Fed Independence.
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Chidziva, Bernard. "The Role of Corporate Governance in Preventing Bank Failures in Zimbabwe." ScholarWorks, 2016. https://scholarworks.waldenu.edu/dissertations/3145.

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The 2008-2009 global financial crisis resulting in some banks collapsing has raised questions about the corporate governance of financial institutions. Some bank managers lack an understanding of the role of corporate governance in preventing bank failures. In this multiple case study, data were collected through interviews and triangulated with annual reports to explore the strategies some bank managers need to improve their understanding of the role of corporate governance in preventing bank failures in Zimbabwe. The 7 study participants were purposefully recruited from a larger population of 19 bank managers responsible for corporate governance and compliance operating in Zimbabwe between 2009 and 2015. This study was grounded in the concept of corporate governance using the agency theory. The central research question explored strategies bank managers can employ to improve their understanding of the role of corporate governance in preventing bank failures in Zimbabwe. The transcribed interviews were coded to generate themes and validated through member checking. Four themes emerged from the research: the need for improvement on compliance to corporate governance policies and regulations, recruitment of qualified and competent directors who should be independent non executive in majority, risk management and internal control, and training, education, and awareness of best practices. This study may have a positive social impact in that a stable and profitable banking environment creates and sustains employment and results in an improvement in the individuals' standard of living.
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Abel, Sanderson. "Measuring the performance of the banking sector in Zimbabwe." Thesis, Nelson Mandela Metropolitan University, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10948/5110.

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The measurement of the banking sector performance in Zimbabwe is motivated by the unique developments that typified the sector during the period 2009-2014 after emerging from an economic crisis. The Zimbabwean economy returned to stability and growth in 2009, after a decade long economic decline. Economic stability brought about growth in deposits, loans, assets, capitalization and profits during this period. The banking sector has been accused of excessive profiteering through overpricing their products, which culminated in the intervention by the authorities in the sector. The interest rates spread, fees and other charges were presumed to be high which motivated the need to understand whether the banking sector is efficient or inefficient given the high interest rate spreads between the deposit rates and lending rates. Furthermore the high interest rates have raised the question of whether banks were exploiting their market power to price their products highly or whether their prices were determined by the dictates of market forces. Continued profitability of the sector also called for an investigation into what was driving the persistence of profitability over time. The primary objective of this research was to measure the performance of the banking sector during the period 2009-2014. The study contributes to the empirical literature by measuring and assessing the drivers of banking sector competition, efficiency and profitability and applying them at much disaggregated levels. This study also contributes to the debate on the relationships among the performance measures of competition, profitability and efficiency. The study adopted a number of methods which contributes to the array of tools central banks can employ to measure bank performance. The study employed a number of methodologies to measure the competition, efficiency and profitability performance of the banking sector. Competition was estimated using the new empirical industrial organisation methods of Panza and Rose (1987) and the Lerner (1934) Index was used. Cost and revenue efficiency was estimated using the two step methods of Data Envelopment Analysis followed by the Tobit regression method. An assessment of the persistence and drivers of profitability was measured using the Generalised Method of Moments. This study shows that the banking sector was operating under monopolistic competition market structure. This implies that banks held some market power as a result of product differentiation due to unique features such as brands, image and advertising, among others. The study indicates that competition increased during the period 2009-2014. Market power/competition in the banking sector during the study period was driven by capital adequacy, non-performing loans, liquidity risk, cost-income ratio, economic growth and government policy on pricing of bank products. The study suggests that the banking sector experienced an average inefficiency level of approximately 35 per cent in relationship with the best performing institutions in the sample. As a result of stability experienced in the economy, the average revenue and cost efficiency increased between 2009 and 2014. The study further established that the discord around the implementation of the indigenisation and empowerment law, coupled with the government intervention in the banking sector had a negative impact on the banking sector efficiency. It also found that efficiency is determined by market power, capital adequacy, cost income ratio, economic growth, inflation, market share and profitability. The Granger Causality test between cost efficiency and market power suggests that causality is bidirectional. On the other hand granger causality between revenue efficiency and market power is unidirectional and positive, running from revenue efficiency to market power. The result implies that policy measures should bring a balance between increasing competition and improving the revenue efficiency. The study shows that the banking sector was profitable during the period 2009 to 2014. The profitability was a reflection of a stable macroeconomic environment, typified by low inflation levels, despite the crises during this period. It further reveals that the banking sector‟s profitability persisted over time, reflecting the regulatory structure of the sector. The study established that profitability was determined by market power, non-performing loans, liquidity risk, capital adequacy, bank size and cost efficiency. This implies profitability was driven by bank specific determinants. There are a number of policy implications derived from the study. Regulatory measures such as forced consolidations can lead to excessive market power by the banking institution; hence it should be moderated. Banks should enhance credit risk because NPLs has been dragging profits. Banks should take advantage of the various measures introduced, such as the setting up of the special purpose vehicle and credit reference bureau. The government should avoid tampering with market forces as this reduces competition, efficiency and profitability and put in place measures that grow the economy as it increases the efficiency and profitability of the banking sector.
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Masuku, Fuller. "A study of agricultural change in the Ntabazinduna Reserve with particular reference to the colonial period 1923-1939." Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 1990. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/21994.

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This thesis delves into the agricultural past of the Ntabazinduna Reserve which is part of the Bubi District in Southern Rhodesia (Zimbabwe). The main purpose of this case study is to investigate whether or not there was a significant agricultural change in this Reserve, particularly in the colonial period 1923-1939. The Ntabazinduna area was sparsely populated before 1918. After the First World War the African population and number of livestock increased rapidly in the Reserve because of new immigrants from the Insiza District and natural accession. Then, the African cultivators were often faced with serious problems of congestion, poor harvests and overstocking. Oral and written sources do not suggest that there was tension between the new immigrants and the local population. In response to a general realisation that the Reserves generally were deteriorating alarmingly, the Colonial State intervened in the African agrarian sector between 1920 and 1939. The White Settler Government's chief agents of change in this area were Alvord, the Agriculturalist for Natives, the NC of the Bubi District and a trained African Agricultural Demonstrator. These men went out to the Reserve where they carried out agricultural experiments in the inter-war period. It was hoped that after they had delivered lectures and conducted these experiments, then the African cultivators would abandon their old ways of farming and adopt new, scientific agricultural methods which were introduced into the Reserve by the Colonial State's agents of change. As African cultivators used these new agricultural techniques, it was assumed that they would probably be in a better position to grow enough food for local consumption. In that way some of the above economic problems could be solved. This dissertation attempts to measure the responses of the African cultivators to the agricultural experiments conducted by Alvord and the demonstrators in the Ntabazinduna Reserve. In addition, this case-study will make use of new oral evidence collected by certain individuals and submitted to the National Archives of Zimbabwe. This new material will be checked against published and unpublished sources or vice versa. Oral evidence which I collected from some elderly people of the Ntabazinduna Reserve between 1983 and 1988 will also be used to throw light on the subject of agricultural change.
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Unkovski, Goran. "Purchasing power parity and Reserve Bank intervention in the foreign exchange market." Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/5681.

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Includes bibliographical references.
This paper tests the behaviour of the PPP relationship in South Africa between 1993 and 2003 using cointegration techniques. The period under review is divided into two sub-phases. The first, from January 1993 to May 1998, encompasses the changing political situation and the initial effects of global integration for South Africa. It is found that the PPP relationship holds during this time frame.
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Green, Isaac. "The Effects of Federal Reserve Liquidity Facilities On Inter-Bank Borrowing Rates." Oberlin College Honors Theses / OhioLINK, 2013. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=oberlin1370595991.

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Books on the topic "Reserve Bank of Zimbabwe"

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The Reserve Bank of Zimbabwe's monetary policy transparency: An independent review. Harare: Southern Bureau of Strategic Studies Trust, 2009.

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Restructuring and reform of the Reserve Bank of Zimbabwe: The way out of hyperinflation and recommendation of policies, which will bring about low but stable prices and sustainable real economic growth. Harare: Centre for Peace Initiatives in Africa, 2010.

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Gono, G. A catalogue of policy advice given by the Reserve Bank of Zimbabwe to the nation, December 2003 to date: Supplement to the 2007 fourth quarter monetory policy review statement. [Harare, Zimbabwe?]: Reserve Bank of Zimbabwe, 2007.

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Gono, G. A catalogue of policy advice given by the Reserve Bank of Zimbabwe to the nation, December 2003 to date: Supplement to the 2007 fourth quarter monetory policy review statement. [Harare, Zimbabwe?]: Reserve Bank of Zimbabwe, 2007.

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G, Caglisesi, and NetLibrary Inc, eds. Reserve management. London: Risk Books, 2000.

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United States. General Accounting Office. Accounting and Information Management Division. Reserve ratio. Washington, D.C: The Office, 1995.

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Mapaya, Ruvimbo Jessy. Plants of Zimbabwe: Flowering & fruiting periods, Mazowe Botanic Reserve. Avondale, Harare, Zimbabwe]: National Herbarium and Botanic Garden, Agricultural Research & Extension, 2004.

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India, Reserve Bank of, ed. The Reserve Bank of India, 1951-1967. Mumbai: Reserve Bank of India, 1998.

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E. P. W. Da Costa. Reserve Bank of India: Fifty years, 1935-85. Bombay: Reserve Bank of India, 1985.

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Reserve Bank of India. High Level Committee on Credit to SSI. Report of the High Level Committee on Credit to SSI. Mumbai: Reserve Bank of India, Rural Planning and Credit Dept., 1998.

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Book chapters on the topic "Reserve Bank of Zimbabwe"

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Lessambo, Felix. "The Reserve Bank of India." In The International Banking System, 51–56. London: Palgrave Macmillan UK, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-137-27513-4_6.

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Meltzer, Allan H. "The Federal Reserve at Seventy Five." In Aspects of Central Bank Policy Making, 1–87. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1991. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-76774-6_1.

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Heckelman, Jac C., and John H. Wood. "Political Selection of Federal Reserve Bank Cities." In Public Choice Analyses of American Economic History, 135–53. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-77592-0_6.

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Stoneman, Colin. "The World Bank and the IMF in Zimbabwe." In Structural Adjustment in Africa, 37–66. London: Palgrave Macmillan UK, 1989. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-349-20398-7_3.

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Rossouw, Jannie, and Vishnu Padayachee. "The independence of the South African Reserve Bank." In The Political Economy of Central Banking in Emerging Economies, 134–48. 1 Edition. | New York : Routledge, 2020. | Series: Routledge critical studies in finance and stability: Routledge, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9780367823054-11.

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Han, Miao. "US Federal Reserve System and the Global Financial Crisis." In Central Bank Regulation and the Financial Crisis, 53–88. London: Palgrave Macmillan UK, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-137-56308-8_4.

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Drazen, Allan. "Can Restrictions on Banking Replace Fiscal Adjustment? Seigniorage, Reserve Requirements, and Mandatory Investment." In Aspects of Central Bank Policy Making, 117–32. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1991. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-76774-6_3.

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Goedhuys, D. W. "The South African Reserve Bank and the Course of the Economy." In Banking and Business in South Africa, 105–12. London: Palgrave Macmillan UK, 1988. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-349-09632-9_6.

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Rufasha, Kenneth. "11. Strategic partnerships in microfinance: the case of the Commercial Bank of Zimbabwe." In Small Customers, Big Market, 131–46. Rugby, Warwickshire, United Kingdom: Practical Action Publishing, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.3362/9781780440965.011.

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Bindseil, Ulrich, and Alessio Fotia. "Central Banks." In Introduction to Central Banking, 11–28. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-70884-9_2.

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AbstractThis chapter develops further the role of a central bank and its interplay with commercial banks. Together, the two ensure the provision of liquidity to the economy, such that the real sectors are shielded from flows of funds originating from household and investors. We also disaggregate the banking system into two banks to represent deposit flows between banks and their impact on the central bank’s balance sheet, and to distinguish between what we call “relative” and “absolute” central bank intermediation. We then integrate deposit money creation by commercial banks into our system of financial accounts, and revisit some old debates, such as the limits of bank money creation and the role of related parameters that the central bank can set (not only the reserve requirement ratio, but also the collateral framework). Finally, we explain the concepts of “plain money” and “full reserve banking” within the financial accounts, and also discuss in this framework the recent proposals regarding central bank digital currency (CBDC).
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Conference papers on the topic "Reserve Bank of Zimbabwe"

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Yilmaz, Muhittin, Selahattin Ozcelik, and Nuri Yilmazer. "Implied historical federal reserve bank behavior under uncertainty." In 2009 IEEE International Conference on Systems, Man and Cybernetics - SMC. IEEE, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icsmc.2009.5346909.

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"The Impact of Federal Reserve Bank (FRB) Monetary Policy on NIEs." In 2018 2nd International Conference on Social Sciences, Arts and Humanities. Francis Academic Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.25236/ssah.2018.031.

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Lougee, BJ, Michael Robinson, Chris Stackpole, Mark Watson, and Greg Woodward. "Bear: Cyberinfrastructure for Long-Tail Researchers at the Federal Reserve Bank of Kansas City." In PEARC '20: Practice and Experience in Advanced Research Computing. New York, NY, USA: ACM, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/3311790.3396623.

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Syarifuddin, Ferry. "Monetary Response to Exchange Rate Dynamics: Regime Switching – Chartists and Fundamentalists Application to Australia." In International Conference on Eurasian Economies. Eurasian Economists Association, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.36880/c04.00595.

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In this paper we study the effect of central bank intervention within a heterogeneous expectations exchange rate model. The empirical evidence is conducted by applying a Markov switching approach to daily AUD/USD exchange rate, intervention data of the Reserve Bank of Australia from 2006 to 2012. Our results are supporting both chartists and fundamentalist regimes. It is shown that the two regimes are persistent. However, Reserve Bank of Australia efforts to exert a stabilizing effect of foreign exhange interventions, the result is inconclusive.
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Kumar Ch.S.N., Chandra Sunil, and T. T. Narendran. "A decision support system for the reserve bank of India to forecast currency requirements at currency chests." In 2007 IEEE International Conference on Industrial Engineering and Engineering Management. IEEE, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/ieem.2007.4419312.

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Serin, Zehra Vildan, Erişah Arıcan, and Başak Tanınmış Yücememiş. "Gold Reserve Policies of Selected Central Banks After the Global Financial Crisis: A Comparative Analysis." In International Conference on Eurasian Economies. Eurasian Economists Association, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.36880/c10.02118.

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After the global financial crisis, central banks have changed attitudes towards gold and have unconventional policy measures, in addition to conventional interest rate cuts. With these measures central banks aimed to support financial stability, and to reduce to potential adverse effects from international capital flows. From the perspective of investors and central banks gold positions and gold reserves are still significant and debatable issues. The purpose of this study is to investigate the composition of central bank reserves the period of 2008 and 2018. In this paper, generally we compared gold reserve holdings of major central banks with Turkey. The Central Bank of the Republic of Turkey (CBRT) has increased gold reserves especially since 2002. With implementing effective policies, CBRT has increased gold holdings in international reserves. CBRT is one of the countries with the highest share of gold reserves in the world.
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Adak, Naba Kumar. "BANKS CANNOT EITHER MULTIPLY OR INCREASE THE AMOUNT OF MONEY OR CREATE DEPOSITS WITHOUT BACKING OF MATCHING RESERVE; ONLY CENTRAL BANK CREATES MONEY." In 33rd International Academic Conference, Vienna. International Institute of Social and Economic Sciences, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.20472/iac.2017.33.001.

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Cseh, Balazs, and Jozsef Varga. "The Comparative Analysis of the Alternative Crisis Management Models of the Islamic- and Christian-Based Bank System." In International Conference on Eurasian Economies. Eurasian Economists Association, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.36880/c07.01788.

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There is an increasing demand for investments based on religious basics since these ethical investments mean much more stable financial chances. The economic and financial risk of a fragmented reserve banking system has become obvious by the failure of the neoliberal market economy. Therefore, world economy has to reform the entire credit and bank system that could only be achieved by alternative methods. The Islamic bank is a particularly young alternative opportunity that is based on more equitable and moral principles. However, bringing back the Christian-based banking system that looks back on old traditions and that became extinct could also be an alternative. One of the major principles of the Christian-based banking system is that it is not allowed to borrow and invest in worthless bonds without provision. For the Islamic bank, for instance, speculative affairs that are of high risk and monetary derivates are forbidden, there is voluntary risk management. Risk management and risk-sharing practices based on alternative religious principles will also be analyzed. Due to its procyclic-anticyclic characteristics, the traditional bank system deepens the crisis while the religious bank systems are against the crisis by alleviating the burdens of the debtor. The authors describe and analyze crisis management solutions with a sort of comparative method.
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Bal, Harun, Shahanara Basher, and Abdulla Hil Mamun. "The Aftermath of Quantitative Easing in Advanced Economies: The Empirical Evidences." In International Conference on Eurasian Economies. Eurasian Economists Association, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.36880/c11.02279.

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Quantitative easing (QE), as a measure of unconventional monetary policy (UMP), has been followed by many of the central banks of advanced economies to boost the economy by stimulating investment and consumption. The study identifies the most recent QE programs undertaken by central banks of four major advanced economies, namely, Federal Reserve (Fed), Bank of England (BOE), Bank of Japan (BOJ) and European Central Bank (ECB), and examines its impact on major macroeconomic indicators, namely output growth, inflation, exchange rate indices and stock market indices, employing vector autoregressive (VAR) models. Findings of the study suggest that QE was only favorable for real GDP growth of USA and the development of stock market of euro area. However, such an UMP failed to bring about changes in appropriate directions among the other economic indicators of these advanced economies. QE at an adequate scale to offset the recessionary forces could help achieve the expected results of the policy action. At the same time, policy makers should think over other supplementary measures that can support and expedite the impact of QE in favourable directions to achieve the desired goals of such UMP.
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Gazioğlu, Şaziye. "Recent Monetary Policy in Turkey: Capital Flow, Reserves and Exchange Rate." In International Conference on Eurasian Economies. Eurasian Economists Association, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.36880/c02.00241.

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In this paper, we investigate the recent monetary policies and development of Turkish banking system during the post 2001 financial and banking crisis. We explore the effects of capital inflows and outflows to real exchange rates and the real stock market prices, before and after the financial crisis. We investigate the relationship between real exchange rate, real stock prices and capital flows. We decompose the foreign flows into real assets and liabilities, in order to investigate the possible long-term effect of inflows and outflows. Reversal of capital flow seems to create a possibility of exchange rate crisis. The Turkish Central Bank by taking lessons from this experience they formulate their recent policies accordingly. Recent Monetary Policy mix in Turkey aims to have financial stability by increasing the reserve ratio in each component of capital flows in Turkey. The ratio increases shorter the period of the asset. The Central Bank work claims to have an effect similar to inflation targeting.
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Reports on the topic "Reserve Bank of Zimbabwe"

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Calomiris, Charles, Matthew Jaremski, Haelim Park, and Gary Richardson. Liquidity Risk, Bank Networks, and the Value of Joining the Federal Reserve System. Cambridge, MA: National Bureau of Economic Research, October 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.3386/w21684.

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White, Eugene. Protecting Financial Stability in the Aftermath of World War I: The Federal Reserve Bank of Atlanta's Dissenting Policy. Cambridge, MA: National Bureau of Economic Research, July 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.3386/w21341.

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Eichengreen, Barry. Designing a Central Bank for Europe: A Cautionary Tale From the Early Years of the Federal Reserve System. Cambridge, MA: National Bureau of Economic Research, September 1991. http://dx.doi.org/10.3386/w3840.

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Fabiani, Andrea, Martha López, José-Luis Peydró, Paul E. Soto, and Margaret Guerrero. Capital Controls, Domestic Macroprudential Policy and the Bank Lending Channel of Monetary Policy. Banco de la República, June 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.32468/be.1162.

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We study how capital controls and domestic macroprudential policy tame credit supply booms, respectively targeting foreign and domestic bank debt. For identification, we exploit the simultaneous introduction of capital controls on foreign exchange (FX) debt inflows and an increase of reserve requirements on domestic bank deposits in Colombia during a strong credit boom, as well as credit registry and bank balance sheet data. Our results suggest that first, an increase in the local monetary policy rate, raising the interest rate spread with the United States, allows more FX-indebted banks to carry trade cheap FX funds with more expensive peso lending, especially toward riskier, opaque firms. Capital controls tax FX debt and break the carry trade. Second, the increase in reserve requirements on domestic deposits directly reduces credit supply, and more so for riskier, opaque firms, rather than enhances the transmission of monetary rates on credit supply. Importantly, different banks finance credit in the boom with either domestic or foreign (FX) financing. Hence, capital controls and domestic macroprudential policy complementarily mitigate the boom and the associated risk-taking through two distinct channels
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Andreasen, Eugenia, and Victoria Nuguer. Capital Flow Management Measures and Dollarization. Inter-American Development Bank, December 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0002905.

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This paper studies from an empirical and theoretical perspective the systemic and bank-level effects of imposing reserve requirements (RR) in foreign currency in an economy with a heavily dollarized financial system. The paper empirically characterizes banks responses to the RR carried out by the Peruvian Central Bank since 2008 with the objective of stabilizing the financial market and meeting its policy targets. The results suggest that the RR is effective in reducing the overall level of credit in the economy and that banks response in terms of credit and deposits is very heterogeneous depending on their ex ante preference for foreign funding ratio, i.e., the ratio of deposits in dollars to total loans. Motivated by the empirical insights, the paper builds a DSGE small-open-economy model with financial frictions à la Gertler-Karadi-Kiyotaki, where bank heterogeneity and financial dollarization are introduced to evaluate the effectiveness of the differential RR in reducing financial dollarization and improving financial resilience.
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O’Brien, Tom, Deanna Matsumoto, Diana Sanchez, Caitlin Mace, Elizabeth Warren, Eleni Hala, and Tyler Reeb. Southern California Regional Workforce Development Needs Assessment for the Transportation and Supply Chain Industry Sectors. Mineta Transportation Institute, October 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.31979/mti.2020.1921.

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COVID-19 brought the public’s attention to the critical value of transportation and supply chain workers as lifelines to access food and other supplies. This report examines essential job skills required of the middle-skill workforce (workers with more than a high school degree, but less than a four-year college degree). Many of these middle-skill transportation and supply chain jobs are what the Federal Reserve Bank defines as “opportunity occupations” -- jobs that pay above median wages and can be accessible to those without a four-year college degree. This report lays out the complex landscape of selected technological disruptions of the supply chain to understand the new workforce needs of these middle-skill workers, followed by competencies identified by industry. With workplace social distancing policies, logistics organizations now rely heavily on data management and analysis for their operations. All rungs of employees, including warehouse workers and truck drivers, require digital skills to use mobile devices, sensors, and dashboards, among other applications. Workforce training requires a focus on data, problem solving, connectivity, and collaboration. Industry partners identified key workforce competencies required in digital literacy, data management, front/back office jobs, and in operations and maintenance. Education and training providers identified strategies to effectively develop workforce development programs. This report concludes with an exploration of the role of Institutes of Higher Education in delivering effective workforce education and training programs that reimagine how to frame programs to be customizable, easily accessible, and relevant.
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Reserve Bank, Musgrave Street, Port Moresby. Reserve Bank of Australia, March 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.47688/rba_archives_pn-004897.

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Papua New Guinea - Banks - P.N.G. Development Bank - Reserve Bank Finance. Reserve Bank of Australia, March 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.47688/rba_archives_2006/04111.

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Research Department - Central Bank - General - Miscellaneous - Reserve Bank Organisation - 1953 - 1965. Reserve Bank of Australia, September 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.47688/rba_archives_2006/16615.

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Papua New Guinea - Banks - Reserve Bank - "Shadow" Accounts. Reserve Bank of Australia, March 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.47688/rba_archives_2006/04118.

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