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Journal articles on the topic 'Reserve rate'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 28 May 2022

Last updated: 31 July 2025

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1

Hasriati, Hasriati. "Dwiguna Life Insurance Zilmer Reserves With The Cox-Ingersoll-Ross (CIR) Interest Rate." Komputasi: Jurnal Ilmiah Ilmu Komputer dan Matematika 20, no. 1 (2022): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.33751/komputasi.v1i1.6229.

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This article discusses Zilmer's reserve of dual purpose life insurance. Zillmer reserve is one type of modified premium reserve that is calculated using prospective reserves and Zillmer level of , which is the difference from gross premium and net premium in the 1st policy year is greater than standard loading, so it is necessary to find a way for the loading to be smaller than standard loading. Furthermore, in determining Zilmer's reserves using cox-ingersoll-ross interest rate (CIR) which will be expressed in the form of discount vaktor by estimating two parameters through variance.

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Hasselquist, Leif, Clifford L. Hancock, and Carolyn K. Bensel. "Heart Rate Reserve." Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise 50, no. 5S (2018): 732. http://dx.doi.org/10.1249/01.mss.0000538415.42631.c3.

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3

Bakaruddin1, Kasman Karimi2 Evi Susanti Tasri3 Sri Arita4 Usnimar5 Zulkifli6. "ANALYSIS OF GOVERNMENT FINANCING ON FOREIGN EXCHANGE RESERVES AND DIFFERENCE STATE ECONOMIC SYSTEM." INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF RESEARCH SCIENCE & MANAGEMENT 5, no. 4 (2018): 73–80. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.1236938.

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Defrayal of State very determining how a State can execute development process and intention of development of conducted economics. Defrayal  of State determined by some indicator, one of them consist of foreign exchange reserve, foreign exchange is representative by defrayal of state which is very determine by indicator of macro economic. This research is aim to analyze to macro economic indicator which determine foreign exchange reserve such as exchange rate, inflation, foreign debt and interestrate. This research try to analyze the influence with multiple linear regression, and then by

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4

Takashina, Nao. "On the spillover effect and optimal size of marine reserves for sustainable fishing yields." PeerJ 8 (August 25, 2020): e9798. http://dx.doi.org/10.7717/peerj.9798.

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Marine reserves are an essential component of modern fishery management. Marine reserves, which represent a management tradeoff between harvesting and conservation, are fundamental to maintenance of fisheries. Finding optimal reserve sizes that improve fishing yields is not only of theoretical interest, but also of practical importance to facilitate decision making. Also, since the migratory behavior of some species influences the spillover effect of a marine reserve, this is a key consideration when assessing performance of marine reserves. The relationship between optimal reserve size and mi

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Cui, Hengyuan, and Peijie Jiang. "Inflation, Monetary Policy, and Economic Impact: Taking the Federal Reserve's Interest Rate Hike as an Example." Advances in Economics, Management and Political Sciences 30, no. 1 (2023): 230–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.54254/2754-1169/30/20231479.

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The Federal Reserves interest rate hike is one of the key topics of the current research. Due to the status of the dollar in the global economy, the Federal Reserve's interest rate hike has a profound impact. Therefore, this article collected and analyzed the data of interest rate increases of the Federal Reserve in the past five years. This article discusses the reasons for inflation, as well as the impact of the Federal Reserve's interest rate hike on the foreign exchange market. This paper found that the Federal Reserves interest rate hike has almost no effect on curbing inflation. As the F

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Gerber, Leah R., Selina S. Heppell, Ford Ballantyne, and Enric Sala. "The role of dispersal and demography in determining the efficacy of marine reserves." Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences 62, no. 4 (2005): 863–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/f05-046.

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Marine reserves are rapidly becoming an important tool for protection and recovery of depleted marine populations. However, the relative value of reserves to particular species is strongly dependent on its life history and behavior. We present a general conceptual framework for considering dispersal in simple demographic models. This framework includes transition matrices that consist of two age-structured models connected by transition probabilities for general migration, ontogenetic shifts, and recruitment in both a reserve and an unprotected area. We show that life history characteristics a

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7

Ishaka, Audu Jimoh, and Joseph Adavani Adam. "MODELING THE IMPACT OF EXTERNAL RESERVES ON ECONOMIC GROWTH IN NIGERIA: AN APPLICATION OF AUTOREGRESSIVE DISTRIBUTED LAG." Business and Economics in Developing Countries 1, no. 1 (2023): 34–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.26480/bedc.01.2023.34.39.

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The article investigates the effect of foreign exchange reserves on Nigerian economic growth from 1970 and 2022. The methodology used to confirm the presence of a correlation between Nigeria’s external reserves and economic growth was the Autoregressive Distributed Lag Model Bounds Test and Error Correction Model. It was revealed that an increase in the gross domestic product was positively and significantly correlated with external reserve. The findings suggest that, over the long term, Nigeria’s external reserve, currency rate, export, import, and money supply all have a significant and bene

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8

Umoru, David, Malachy Ashywel Ugbaka, Anake Fidelis Atseye, et al. "Foreign exchange reserves accumulation in selected countries within a regulatory framework." Journal of Governance and Regulation 14, no. 3 (2025): 49–61. https://doi.org/10.22495/jgrv14i3art5.

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Previous studies have reported mixed findings regarding the impact of variables such as gross domestic product (GDP), nominal exchange rate, oil markets, imports, foreign portfolio investment (FPI), and foreign direct investment (FDI) in the determination of reserve holdings. This study sought to evaluate the determinants of international reserves in emerging countries within a regulated macroeconomic framework using system generalized method of moments (S-GMM) method. The results reveal that currency devaluation and terms of trade shocks negatively affect reserve demand, with devaluation havi

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Njoroge, Machupa. "ANALYZING THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN INTEREST RATE AND EXTERNAL RESERVES IN NIGERIA: A COINTEGRATION APPROACH." American Journal of Interdisciplinary Innovations and Research 05, no. 05 (2023): 01–03. http://dx.doi.org/10.37547/tajiir/volume05issue05-01.

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Nigeria's economy is heavily reliant on the oil industry, making external reserves and interest rates crucial indicators of economic stability and development. This paper examines the long-term relationship between interest rates and external reserves in Nigeria using cointegration analysis. The study finds a significant long-term relationship between the two variables and suggests that external reserves have a causal relationship with interest rates, indicating that external reserves are a crucial determinant of interest rates in Nigeria. The findings have important implications for policymak

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10

Shi, Dafang, and Shouting Zhang. "Analysis of the Rare Earth Mineral Resources Reserve System and Model Construction Based on Regional Development." Computational Intelligence and Neuroscience 2022 (July 4, 2022): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2022/9900219.

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China is a large rare earth country that has pushed for related rare earth research, development, and application in the global development and progress of rare earths. The rare earth resource reserve strategy must be implemented by China due to the situation of rare earth resources at home and abroad, national security, and the need to strengthen the right to speak in the international market. This article builds the rare earth mineral resources reserve system and model from the perspective of regional development and uses the improved SURF algorithm to solve the problems of inaccurate mine l

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11

Adhikari, Deepak. "Impact of Exchange Rate on Trade Deficit and Foreign Exchange Reserve in Nepal: An Empirical Analysis." NRB Economic Review 30, no. 1 (2018): 35–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/nrber.v30i1.52299.

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The objective of the study is to examine the impact of exchange rate on trade deficit and foreign exchange reserve in Nepal. The hypotheses of the study are: (a) there is no significant positive association between nominal exchange rate and foreign exchange reserve and (b) there is no significant relationship between nominal exchange rate of Nepalese rupee with US dollar and trade deficit. As empirical analysis shows that one percentage point depreciation of the Nepalese rupee (NPR) with respect to US dollar results in an (a) increase in reserve by 0.82 percentage points and (b) decline in tra

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Ahmad, Ahmad Hassan, and Eric J. Pentecost. "Testing the ‘Fear of Floating’ Hypothesis: A Statistical Analysis for Eight African Countries." Open Economies Review 31, no. 2 (2019): 407–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11079-019-09557-3.

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AbstractThis paper revisits the fear of floating hypotheses for eight African countries from the collapse of the Bretton Woods fixed exchange rate system in the early 1970s up until December 2017. This long period of calendar time allows us to extend previous studies by examining the fear of floating hypotheses in two distinct ways. First, we look at a set of descriptive statistics to compare the degree of exchange rate flexibility under alternative de jure exchange rate regimes. We find no statistical difference between exchange volatility between declared floaters and fixers, but greater res

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Mildyanti, Rini, and Mike Triani. "ANALISIS FAKTOR-FAKTOR YANG MEMPENGARUHI CADANGAN DEVISA(STUDI KASUS DI INDONESIA DAN CHINA)." Jurnal Kajian Ekonomi dan Pembangunan 1, no. 1 (2019): 165. http://dx.doi.org/10.24036/jkep.v1i1.5363.

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This study aims to determine the factors that influence foreign exchange reserves in Indonesia and China.The research type is descriptive research while the data used is time series data from 1987-2016 obtained from documentation of Bank Indonesia, BPS Indonesia, and International Monetary Fund (IMF). The results of this study indicate that : exchange rate and portfolio investment has a significant positive effect on foreign exchange reserve in Indonesia. Net export has a negatif and not significant effect on foreign exchange reserve in Indonesia. While, exchange rate has a negatif and not sig

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Kamila, Isti, Ani Andriyati, and Embay Rohaeti. "A comparison benefit reserves of an n–year term life insurance between using the vasicek model and cox-ingersoll-ross model." Desimal: Jurnal Matematika 7, no. 1 (2024): 17. http://dx.doi.org/10.24042/djm.v7i1.20607.

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The purpose of this study was to determine benefit reserves with the premium sufficiency method that would be applied to types of term insurance with non-constant interest rates by using the Vasicek and Cox-Ingersol-Ross models. The novelty of this study is in determining term insurance benefit reserves by comparing benefit reserves using the Vasicek and Cox-Ingersol-Ross interest rate models so that it can be a decision-maker for insurance companies. The stages of this research activity started by estimating the parameters for the Vasicek and Cox-Ingersoll-Ross (CIR) interest rates. The next

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15

Flood, Robert, William Perraudin, and Paolo Vitale. "Reserve and exchange rate cycles." Journal of International Economics 46, no. 1 (1998): 31–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0022-1996(97)00045-7.

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16

Shubbar, Haidar Diphil, and Andrey Vladimirovich Girinsky. "Reserve assets as sources of replenishing resource base of banking sector and improving its stability." Vestnik of Astrakhan State Technical University. Series: Economics 2019, no. 4 (2019): 130–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.24143/2073-5537-2019-4-130-136.

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The paper focuses on the importance of using reserve assets in order to increase the bank financial stability and the banking system as a whole. The essential requirements for reserving commercial banks have been presented. The methods of regulating the required reserves have been studied. The specific features of applying the required reserves in banking activities (reserve requirements and liquidity, monetary policy, reserve requirements as a monetary tool, reserve requirements as a fiscal tool) have been revealed. The schedule of averaging periods of required reserves for 2019 is being cons

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17

Nelson, Karen K. "Rate Regulation, Competition, and Loss Reserve Discounting by Property-Casualty Insurers." Accounting Review 75, no. 1 (2000): 115–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.2308/accr.2000.75.1.115.

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This study examines whether the reported loss reserves of property-casualty insurers contain an implicit discount for the time value of money. Reporting the present value of loss reserves enables insurers to justify the competitive level of insurance premiums to regulators. The evidence indicates that there is a positive and significant discount rate implicit in the relation between reported loss reserves and expected future claim payments. Moreover, insurers subject to relatively stringent rate regulation discount to a greater extent than do other insurers. The results also suggest that impli

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18

Gissler, Stefan, Samuel J. Hempel, R. Jay Kahn, Patrick E. McCabe, and Borghan N. Narajabad. "Monitoring reserve scarcity through nonbank cash lenders." FEDS Notes, no. 2025-03-28 (March 2025): None. https://doi.org/10.17016/2380-7172.3699.

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The quantity of reserves affects the cost and composition of funding in financial markets. Although the Federal Reserve effectively eliminated formal reserve requirements for depository institutions in 2020, banks still need reserves for liquidity management, including as bufferstomeet settlement needs arising from payments and securities flows.7When reserves areabundant, interest rates in short-term funding markets do not react to small changes in cash demand. Banks with sufficient reserve buffers are willing to provide funding to other banks and nonbanks, such as securities dealers, at rates

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19

Sadli, Wanda Hamidah, and Devni Prima Sari. "ESTIMATION OF BENEFIT RESERVES IN ENDOWMENT INSURANCE USING THE INDONESIAN MORTALITY TABLE IV AND ZILLMER METHOD." BAREKENG: Jurnal Ilmu Matematika dan Terapan 19, no. 3 (2025): 1737–46. https://doi.org/10.30598/barekengvol19iss3pp1737-1746.

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This study focuses on determining the benefit reserves for endowment life insurance using the Zillmer method, an extension of the prospective reserve approach. Benefit reserves are crucial as they represent the funds insurance companies must set aside to cover future claims. Traditionally, reserves can be calculated retrospectively or prospectively. Still, the Zillmer method introduces an innovative approach by incorporating a Zillmer rate and time to account for loading costs, particularly at the beginning of the policy period. This research's novelty lies in applying the Zillmer method using

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20

Zhang, Jiahao. "Analysis on the Impact of the Foreign Exchange Reserves of China on Its Macro Economy." E3S Web of Conferences 233 (2021): 01159. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202123301159.

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China has the largest foreign exchange reserve in the world, but the high foreign exchange reserve is a double-edged sword for the country. There are two kinds of analysis for this. First, China's foreign exchange reserves have far exceeded the reasonable scale, which will cause China to pay extremely high management costs. Second, China's foreign exchange reserves are considerable, but this is the objective demand of the economy. Sufficient foreign exchange reserves can make China occupy a favorable position in international development. Based on the data on China's foreign exchange reserve,

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21

Chovniuk, Yurii, Aleksey Priymachenko, Luydmula Zolotar, Olena Mischenko, and Oleksandra Cherednichenko. "MODELING IN INVENTORY MANAGEMENT PROBLEMS UNDER UNCERTAINTY AND TAKING INTO ACCOUNT (INFLATION) RISKS." Spatial development, no. 7 (February 23, 2024): 506–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.32347/2786-7269.2024.7.506-531.

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A model that can be used in the problems of inventory management under uncertainty and taking into account various types of risks, in particular, inflation risks, is presented and substantiated. The strategy of stock management under uncertain (stochastic) demand usually requires the creation of a certain reserve of a predetermined volume, and then the next deliveries of stocks are made. If at a certain point in time the total stock is reduced to the size of the reserve, then an urgent order for delivery of a new batch is made. If the fulfillment of the request requires a certain time (this pr

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22

Li, Donghong, Lin Lei, Lei Liu, et al. "Characteristics of oocyte fertilization and early embryo development in infertile women with different ovarian reserves in the Changde region, China." Medicine 104, no. 28 (2025): e43207. https://doi.org/10.1097/md.0000000000043207.

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This study investigates the correlation between different ovarian reserves and the oocyte fertilization rate as well as early embryo development in the Changde area. A total of 325 infertile women who underwent in vitro fertilization procedure were recruited in the study and classified according to their anti-Müllerian hormone level into 3 groups: low ovarian reserve (LOR), normal ovarian reserve (NOR), and high ovarian reserve (HOR). Compared with LOR, the rate of total fertilization, the number of oocytes retrieved, day 3 good quality embryo and blastocyst formation were found to be signific

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Padilha, Matheus Santin, Cileide Maria Medeiros Coelho, and Natalia Carolina Moraes Ehrhardt-Brocardo. "Vigor and alpha-amylase activity in common bean seeds under salt stress conditions." Semina: Ciências Agrárias 42, no. 6supl2 (2021): 3633–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.5433/1679-0359.2021v42n6supl2p3633.

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Seeds with high vigor have greater capacity for hydrolysis and mobilization of stored reserves, which results in the formation of vigorous seedlings, and this behavior is observed under abiotic stress conditions. This study proposes to investigate the relationship of the enzyme alpha-amylase in lots of common-bean seeds with contrasting vigor, when subjected to the absence and presence of salt stress, aiming to identify the relationship of this enzyme with the vigor of the seed lot under these conditions. Seven common-bean cultivars were used. Physiological quality was determined by germinatio

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Cai, Jun, Runhuan Feng, and Gordon E. Willmot. "Analysis of the Compound Poisson Surplus Model with Liquid Reserves, Interest and Dividends." ASTIN Bulletin 39, no. 1 (2009): 225–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.2143/ast.39.1.2038063.

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AbstractThe paper incorporates liquid reserves, interest and dividends in the compound Poisson surplus model. When an insurer's surplus is below a certain level, it is kept as liquid reserves. As the surplus attains the level, the excess of the surplus above the level will earn interest at a constant interest rate. If the surplus continues to surpass a higher level, the excess of the surplus above this higher level will be paid out as dividends to the insurer's shareholders at a constant dividend rate or by the threshold strategy. The lower and higher levels are called the liquid reserve level

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Andrade, Gisiane Camargo de, Cileide Maria Medeiros Coelho, and Matheus Santin Padilha. "Seed reserves reduction rate and reserves mobilization to the seedling explain the vigour of maize seeds." Journal of Seed Science 41, no. 4 (2019): 488–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/2317-1545v41n4227354.

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Abstract: Understanding how the seed reserve dynamics occurs during germination and seedling formation is determinant for advancements on seed technology. The aims of this study were: to verify which accelerated ageing temperature is the most effective to separate the vigour levels of maize seeds and to evaluate the reserves dynamics during germination and seedling formation process. Seven maize cultivars were submitted to the germination rate, accelerated ageing, thousand seed weight, total seedling length, shoot and root length, dry matter of seed and seedling, remaining dry matter in the en

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Rivaldo, Rendi, Hendra Perdana, and Wirda Andani. "GROSS PREMIUM VALUATION METHOD IN DETERMINING PREMIUM RESERVES IN LIFE INSURANCE." VARIANCE: Journal of Statistics and Its Applications 6, no. 2 (2024): 215–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.30598/variancevol6iss2page215-222.

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Abstract: Life insurance companies maintain reserve funds to pay insurance policy claims, known as premium reserves. Premium reserves are calculated using two approaches: retrospective and prospective. The prospective approach involves calculating the present value of all future expenses minus the total future income for each policyholder, using the Gross Premium Valuation (GPV) method. The GPV method takes into account initial costs, maintenance costs, and administration costs. The case study results indicate that the premium reserve using the GPV method starts at zero in the first year, incr

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Adedeji, Elijah Adeyinka, and Deborah Adebayo. "Nexus between Exchange Rate and Foreign Reserves on Economic Growth in Nigeria (1980-2020)." Journal of Economics, Finance and Management Studies 06, no. 09 (2023): 4442–52. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8361969.

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Numerous research in Nigeria on the interaction effect between the exchange rate and foreign reserves have been marginalized; this has therefore informed this study to investigate the nexus between exchange rate and foreign reserves, with focus on the Nigerian economy. External reserve was used as the dependent variable, exchange rate, inflation, non-oil export, oil export, and real interest rate, were used as the independent variables. Time series data spanning 1980 to 2020 was used. The study employed the Bound Auto Regressive Distributed Lag (ARDL) co-integrating test approach for evaluatio

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Rachman, Muhammad Ibrahim, and Anasya Daffa Pertiwi. "Comparison of Zillmer and Premium Sufficiency Reserve Method using the Vasicek Stochastic Interest Rate Model." Jurnal Matematika Integratif 18, no. 2 (2022): 189. http://dx.doi.org/10.24198/jmi.v18.n2.41918.189-202.

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An accurate calculation of premium reserves will ensure that the insurance company can pay claims. Premium reserves are funds collected by insurance companies which are the difference between the sum insured and the value of payments during the insurance period prepared for claim payments. There are several methods for calculating premium reserves, but the methods that are the focus of this study are the Zillmer method and the Premium Sufficiency method, extensions of the prospective method. This study aims to compare the two methods using the Vasicek model to determine the stochastic interest

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Andronova, I., and Jiang Wen. "Features of International Reserves’ Management in China." World Economy and International Relations 69, no. 6 (2025): 80–91. https://doi.org/10.20542/0131-2227-2025-69-6-80-91.

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This study explores the unique characteristics of international reserve management in China, an area that has received limited attention in existing literature. While most research focuses on the excessiveness of China’s reserves based on International Monetary Fund (IMF) optimality criteria or on challenges in reserve accumulation driven by domestic and international events, less emphasis is placed on the institutional and strategic distinctions shaping China’s approach. This article aims to address this gap. By comparing international practices guided by IMF recommendations with China’s dist

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Solheim, Tanner J., Brad G. Keller, and Charles J. Fountaine. "VO2 Reserve vs. Heart Rate Reserve During Moderate Intensity Treadmill Exercise." International Journal of Exercise Science 7, no. 4 (2014): 311–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.70252/lmxo6754.

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Swain, David P., Jaison L. Wynne, Joel E. Harden, and Patrick B. Wilson. "Oxygen Consumption Reserve And Heart Rate Reserve During Constant-load Exercise." Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise 55, no. 9S (2023): 545. http://dx.doi.org/10.1249/01.mss.0000984924.62332.02.

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PERMATASARI, NI PUTU MIRAH, I. NYOMAN WIDANA, and KARTIKA SARI. "PENENTUAN CADANGAN PREMI DENGAN METODE PREMIUM SUFFICIENCY PADA ASURANSI JIWA SEUMUR HIDUP JOINT LIFE." E-Jurnal Matematika 5, no. 3 (2016): 98. http://dx.doi.org/10.24843/mtk.2016.v05.i03.p127.

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The aim of this research was to get the formula of premium reserves through the premium sufficiency method. Premium reserve is the amount of fund that is collected by the insurance company in preparation for the claim’s payment. Premium sufficiency method is gross premium calculation. To construct that formula, this research used Tabel Mortalitas Indonesia (TMI) 2011, interest rate 2.5% and cost of alpha %. Based on simulation result in men premium reserve value of age 1 of 56 years propotional with insured periods, but after56 years enhancement of premium reserve value.

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Snyman, Andrei, Craig R. Jackson, and Paul J. Funston. "The effect of alternative forms of hunting on the social organization of two small populations of lions Panthera leo in southern Africa." Oryx 49, no. 4 (2014): 604–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0030605313001336.

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AbstractAfrican lion Panthera leo populations have declined as a result of various anthropogenic factors, and most extant populations are small, which further compromises their persistence. Lions in unfenced areas are more exposed to illegal hunting, snaring and poisoning, and populations in fenced reserves are subject to population control by removal of selected individuals from particular age and sex classes. During 2000–2011 19 lions from the mostly unfenced Northern Tuli Game Reserve in Botswana were shot, snared or poisoned. By contrast, only one lioness was shot outside the fenced Veneti

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Wynnie, Illuminata, and Yefan Yefan. "Determination of Premium Reserves for Whole Life Insurance Using the Canadian Method with Varying Premium Payment Periods." International Journal of Applied Sciences and Smart Technologies 7, no. 1 (2025): 169–80. https://doi.org/10.24071/ijasst.v7i1.12283.

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Premium reserves are essential funds prepared by insurance companies, particularly in life insurance, to cover potential future claims. These reserves are calculated based on premiums paid by policyholders and must be sufficient to meet all projected claim-related expenses. A lower reserve implies reduced financial liability and typically correlates with more affordable premium rates for policyholders. This study aims to analyze the determination of premium reserves using the Canadian and Prospective methods in traditional life insurance products, specifically whole life insurance, focusing on

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Xu, Hongfei. "An Empirical Analysis of the Influencing Factor of International Reserve." Advances in Economics, Management and Political Sciences 24, no. 1 (2023): 84–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.54254/2754-1169/24/20230420.

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International reserve refers to the assets that a country 's monetary authority can use to intervene in the foreign exchange market and pay the balance of payments at any time. With the development of China 's foreign economy, China 's foreign exchange reserves have grown rapidly since 1995, reaching a peak of $ 3.84 trillion in 2014.For a long time, international reserves have become one of the important academic topics actively studied and discussed by many economists at home and abroad. The purpose of this paper is to study the impact of various macroeconomic indicators on the scale of inte

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Bitto, I. I., and M. I. Okpale. "Sperm production rate, gonadal and extragonadal sperm reserves in slaughtered White Fulani (Bunaji) bulls in a lowland tropical environment." Nigerian Journal of Animal Production 33, no. 2 (2021): 300–307. http://dx.doi.org/10.51791/njap.v33i2.942.

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Reproductive tract morphometry, sperm production rates, gonadal and extragonadal sperm reserves in Bunaji bulls were evaluated using samples from a total of 13 mature animals. The morphometric characteristics of the reproductive organs had generally low values but showed normal development. The daily sperm production (DSP) averaged 1.23 ± 0.16 x 109, while the daily sperm production (DSG/g) was 0.62 ± 0.11 x 107. Gonadal sperm reserve was 2.17 ± 0.73 x 109 while extragonadal sperm reserve was 3.82 x 109 for caput, 2.68 x 109 for corpus, 4.36 x 10 (for cauda epididymis and 0.62 x 109 for the du

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Rodwell, Lynda D., and Callum M. Roberts. "Fishing and the impact of marine reserves in a variable environment." Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences 61, no. 11 (2004): 2053–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/f04-142.

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We use discrete-time models to investigate the impact of marine reserve establishment on fishery catch and biomass levels in open-access and quota-regulated fisheries under conditions of recruitment variability and natural mortality events. We find that under the conditions of variability tested, reserves can increase the probability of achieving target levels of biomass (60%, 35%, and 5% of carrying capacity) and can reduce catch variability in neighbouring fisheries, making future planning in the fishery more efficient. The size of the reserve required to meet each objective will depend on t

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Holland, Daniel S., and T. Kevin Stokes. "Comment on "Fishing and the impact of marine reserves in a variable environment"." Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences 63, no. 5 (2006): 1183–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/f06-023.

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Rodwell and Roberts (Can. J. Fish. Aquat. Sci. 61: 20532068 (2004)) use a discrete time simulation model to investigate the impact of marine reserves on catch and biomass levels in a fishery regulated by total catch quotas. They show that the probability of achieving various probabilistic biomass reference point targets is greater with reserves than without reserves under equal nonreserve exploitation rates. However, they compare management performance on the basis of exploitation rates of the nonreserve biomass rather than average yields (i.e., not using the same overall exploitation rate fo

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Kraipornsak, Paitoon. "Determinants of Thai Baht Exchange Rate and Asian Currencies Exchange Rate." Research in World Economy 11, no. 5 (2020): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.5430/rwe.v11n5p1.

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The study hypothesises that the exchange rate is a random walk series. Besides, the study incorporates main macroeconomic factors as a structural exchange rate determination. The Vector Error Correction Model (VECM) is applied in the model estimation for Thai baht. Moreover, the panel data model of the Asian exchange rate is estimated and analysed. The exchange rate of Thai baht is found to be a random walk process. The long-run equilibrium of the estimated cointegrating relation indicates all coefficients of the determining factors are statistically significant. An increase in the real intere

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Stockhausen, William T., and Romuald N. Lipcius. "Single large or several small marine reserves for the Caribbean spiny lobster?" Marine and Freshwater Research 52, no. 8 (2001): 1605. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/mf01179.

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The ‘SLOSS’ debate—Single Large Or Several Small protected areas—remains unresolved. We used a heuristic model based on population dynamics of Caribbean spiny lobster in Exuma Sound, Bahamas, to compare impacts of regional reserve designs that configured 20% of available coastal habitat as either a randomly located single large reserve or a network of six small, randomly located reserves on three performance indicators (fishery yield, larval production, population growth rate) for a hypothetical overexploited lobster population. Two additional management strategies were considered: one reduced

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Lushpeev, V. A., A. N. Sokolov, O. A. Galtseva, and E. M. Salimgareeva. "Methodological framework for tight reserve provement for a carbonate reservoir." Actual Problems of Oil and Gas, no. 41 (September 14, 2023): 201–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.29222/ipng.2078-5712.2023-41.art14.

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Currently, there is a gap between standard national classification of tight reserves and existence of naturally fractured cavernous carbonate reservoirs with low permeable matrix (less than 2 mD), but rather high and not typical initial fluid rate. However, according to development practice for such reservoirs, high rates tend to rapidly decrease to typical for matrix low values because of the small volume of the reserves of fractures and vuggs. This article discusses the methodological framework developed by the authors for tight reserve provement for a carbonate reservoir based on the estima

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Orăștean, Ramona. "The Official Use of International Currencies – Assessments and Implications." Studies in Business and Economics 10, no. 3 (2015): 71–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/sbe-2015-0037.

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Abstract The paper analyses the official use of international currencies as reserve currency (store of value) and anchor currency (unit of account). Examining the role as a reserve currency we note that the US dollar is the main reserve currency even if it recorded a decline given the decrease of the value of the US dollar reserve holdings and the gradual diversification of the currencies used. Since 2010, the euro's share decreased continuously may be due to the Eurozone crisis and the euro's depreciation against the US dollar. Then we show that the US dollar dominates as an anchor currency,

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Carlson, Mark A., and Mary-Frances Styczynski. "Discount window borrowing and the role of reserves and interest rates." Finance and Economics Discussion Series, no. 2025-015 (February 2025): 1. https://doi.org/10.17016/feds.2025.015.

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The Federal Reserve’s discount window is a tool that can provide reserves to banks at a rate set by the Federal Reserve, the discount rate. During the past several years, there have been large fluctuations in the level of reserves in the banking system and in the level discount rate relative to other interest rates. In this paper, we explore how banks’ holdings of reserves, especially relative to the amount of reserves that banks prefer to hold, and the interest rate available at the discount window influence borrowing at the window. We find that banks borrow more when their reserves are low a

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Gaskill, Steven E., Claude Bouchard, Tuomo Rankinen, et al. "%Heart Rate Reserve Is Better Related to %VO2max Than to %VO2 reserve." Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise 36, Supplement (2004): S3. http://dx.doi.org/10.1249/00005768-200405001-00015.

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Gaskill, Steven E., Claude Bouchard, Tuomo Rankinen, et al. "%Heart Rate Reserve Is Better Related to %VO2max Than to %VO2 reserve." Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise 36, Supplement (2004): S3. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00005768-200405001-00015.

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Wynne, Jaison L., David P. Swain, Joel E. Harden, and Patrick B. Wilson. "Heart Rate Reserve and VO2 Reserve Are Not Interchangeable During Prolonged Exercise." Journal of Clinical Exercise Physiology 12, no. 3 (2023): 65–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.31189/2165-6193-12.3.65.

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Abstract Background Percentages of heart rate reserve (%HRR) and oxygen consumption reserve (%VO2R) provide equivalent intensities during incremental exercise. These percentages increase during prolonged exercise at a constant workload, and it is unclear if they increase to a similar degree. In this study, we tested whether %HRR and %VO2R maintain equivalency during prolonged exercise at a constant workload. Methods Fifteen males and 12 females participated in an incremental cycle ergometer test to determine maximum VO2. They then performed 2 prolonged exercise trials, 1 for 30 min at a vigoro

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Wang, Qing. "The Impact of the Federal Reserve's Interest Rate Adjustment on Financial Market." Advances in Economics, Management and Political Sciences 111, no. 1 (2024): 198–201. http://dx.doi.org/10.54254/2754-1169/2024.17775.

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Recently, although inflation in the U.S. has cooled down, the Federal Reserve is expected to cut interest rates only once this year. Powell remains open to the timing of the interest rate cut, which makes the entire financial system pay close attention to the Federal Reserve's interest rate adjustment. This paper aims to explore the impact of the Federal Reserve's interest rate hikes and cuts on the financial market, especially its impact on the banking system and stock markets. This paper also identifies the Federal Reserves role in mediating the economy. It uses a combination of theoretical

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Bahr, Kevin, and William Maas. "Fed Funds Rate and Interest Rate Elasticities." Journal of Finance Issues 6, no. 1 (2008): 101–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.58886/jfi.v6i1.2427.

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The federal funds rate is an important, short-term interest rate which is targeted by the Federal Reserve to influence economic growth and inflation. The financial markets closely monitor the Federal Reserve's monetary policy and changes in the federal funds rate to gauge future economic performance. This research analyzes how changes in the federal funds rate affected the 1) yield curve, 2) 30-year fixed mortgage rate, and 3) spread between Aaa and Baa corporate bond yields. The purpose is to determine the rippling effect between changes in the federal funds rate and changes in interest rates

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Kurniawan S., Amri Darma, Rizki Rizki, Rusiadi Rusiadi, and Lia Nazliana Nasution. "Analysis of the Exchange Rate of the Rupiah Against the US Dollar and the Factors that Influence it." PKM-P 8, no. 2 (2024): 273–83. https://doi.org/10.32832/jurma.v8i2.2334.

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This research aims to determine the effect of the Fed Interest Rate, Foreign Exchange Reserves and Antam Gold Prices on the USD/IDR Exchange Rate. Research data using secondary data obtained from the Bank Indonesia website, Trading Economics and Gold Prices.org with a time span of 2013 to 2023. The research uses the Multiple Linear Regression method (Ordinary Least Square) using Eviews 12 software. The results of Data Analysis based on the Simultaneous Test (F-Test) showed that the Fed Interest Rate, Foreign Exchange Reserves and Antam Gold Prices simultaneously had a significant effect on the

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Tsen, Wong Hock. "THE REAL EXCHANGE RATE MALAYSIA." Labuan Bulletin of International Business and Finance (LBIBF) 10 (April 16, 2014): 7–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.51200/lbibf.v10i.1337.

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This study examines the real exchange rate determination in Malaysia. The results of the cointegrating vectors show that an increase in productivity differential, the real oil price or reserve differential will lead to an appreciation of the real exchange rate. The results of the generalised forecast error variance decompositions show that the real oil price is an important determinant of the real exchange rate. Generally, productivity differential, the real oil price, reserve differential, and the real interest rate differential are important in the real exchange rate determination.

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