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Journal articles on the topic 'Reserves estimation'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 5 February 2022

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1

Jayaputra, Harsalim Aimunandar. "Laterite Nickel Mine Sequence Modeling Based on Total Reserve at Block 5A, “Bonus” Pit by Surpac 6.3.2 at PT Bintang Delapan Mineral in Bahodopi District, Morowali Regency, Central Sulawesi." Journal of Earth and Marine Technology (JEMT) 1, no. 2 (March 31, 2021): 14–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.31284/j.jemt.2021.v2i1.1725.

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PT. Bintang Delapan Mineral is an active nickel mine company that produces 300,000 tons of nickel per month by open pit method. During the mine operation, the company needs to calculate the reserves periodically due to decreasing nickel reserves in the long time period. Mineral reserves estimation is a process to determine and define the grade and boundary of a mineral deposit. Reserves estimation can be done manually using several methods. One method is called block modeling which presents the estimation process in block model type by applying a mining software, called Surpac 6.3.2. It was able to present the progress of mine site activity (pushback). The result of nickel reserves estimation by Surpac 6.3.2 block modeling is 48730 m3 or equal to 73096 tons. The nickel reserves have an average grade of 1.64%. By this reserve estimation, mine sequences could be created into 7 sequences in considering bench height. Bench model specifications are bench high 4 m, berm 2 m, and 60º slope.

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Kuo, Chau-Jung. "Bank Reserve's Setting for Minimizing the Price Fluctuations: Taiwan's Case Studies." Review of Pacific Basin Financial Markets and Policies 02, no. 03 (September 1999): 317–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0219091599000187.

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This paper presents a stochastic financial model from which one can derive the optimal reserves ratio for stabilizing price level. It is shown that the optimal reserves ratio is a function of the structure of unanticipated shocks to liquid asset market and high-powered money market. An important policy implication, drawn from my model, suggests that it may help for the stabilization of price level if a lower level of the reserve requirements was adopted by the central bank when the shock exists solely in liquid asset market. An application of the presented model to the financial assets in Taiwan suggests that the optimal reserves ratio for stabilizing price level is approximately 5.7717 per cent in the case of the 2-SLS estimation, and 4.2442 per cent in the case of the SUR estimation, below the weighted average of actual 7.7575 per cent up to the end of 1997. The empirical findings further suggest Taiwan's monetary authority would thus have to accept a lower level of the reserve requirements in order to reduce the price fluctuations.

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3

Kapageridis, I., and C. Albanopoulos. "RESERVES ESTIMATION OF A MARBLE QUARRY USING QUALITY INDICATORS." Bulletin of the Geological Society of Greece 50, no. 4 (July 28, 2017): 1849. http://dx.doi.org/10.12681/bgsg.11924.

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The use of standard estimation and modelling software tools in estimating marble quarry reserves poses a number of challenges. Marble quarry reserves are based on marble quality categories, almost unique for each quarry/deposit considered. These categories represent visual and physical aspects of marble such as colour, texture and fractures. Classification of marble to one of the categories is performed by experienced personnel and is based on samples much smaller in area than the blocks of marble which are potentially exploited. The available information is, also, mostly qualitative leading to further complications in the application of geomathematical estimation methods. The estimation of marble reserves described in this paper is based on interpolating quality indicator values from drillhole and quarry face samples to blocks in three dimensions. The procedure is applied in all working quarries of Iktinos Hellas SA and is based on Maptek Vulcan Quarry Modeller, a mine planning package adapted for quarrying. Its application and results is demonstrated using a case study from one of the quarries in NE Greece.

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4

Foianini, Ivo, and Jarrett Dragani. "Building a Career in Reserves Estimation." Way Ahead 11, no. 02 (June 1, 2015): 22–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.2118/0215-022-twa.

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5

Lee, W. John, and Rod Sidle. "Gas-Reserves Estimation in Resource Plays." SPE Economics & Management 2, no. 02 (October 1, 2010): 86–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.2118/130102-pa.

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6

Denney, Dennis. "Gas-Reserves Estimation in Resource Plays." Journal of Petroleum Technology 62, no. 12 (December 1, 2010): 65–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.2118/1210-0065-jpt.

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7

de Alba, Enrique. "Bayesian Estimation of Outstanding Claim Reserves." North American Actuarial Journal 6, no. 4 (October 2002): 1–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10920277.2002.10596060.

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8

Kwon, Hyukchun, and Chang Wook Kang. "Improving Project Budget Estimation Accuracy and Precision by Analyzing Reserves for Both Identified and Unidentified Risks." Project Management Journal 50, no. 1 (November 29, 2018): 86–100. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/8756972818810963.

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Project risk is a critical factor in estimating project budget. Previous studies on this topic have only addressed estimation methods that consider project budget reserves against identified risks. As a result, project managers still face the challenge of completing projects within given budgets but without the relevant tools to deal with unidentified risks. This study proposes an approach for estimating reserves for both identified and unidentified risks separately. The study also suggests using the three-point estimation technique and R-value determination for estimating risk costs, which can improve budget accuracy and precision. The construction of residential building projects in South Korea demonstrates the advantages of the proposed approach compared with previous methods.

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9

Huseinov, G. J., and A. A. Abduev. "Prospectivity estimation of Palchig Pilpilesi oil field." Azerbaijan Oil Industry, no. 3 (March 15, 2020): 4–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.37474/0365-8554/2020-3-4-8.

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The paper deals with the estimation of reserves of Gala suite horizon in Palchig Pilpilesi oil field and the suggestions on their efficient usage. The prospecting and exploration was started in 1952 in Palchig Pilpilesi field, and in 1953 the well No 261 drilled to Gala suite horizon in south-east part placed on the production with the output up to 40 t/day. Currently, the field is on the last development stage. In 2009, “Oil-Gas Scientific Research Project” Institute carried out the estimation of proven reserves of the field according to which residual reserves in Gala suite horizon in Palchig Pilpilesi field comprise 40077.4 thousand tons and proven production reserves in 2306.4 thousand tons included in A+B+C1 category. It should be noted that 48 % of residual proven oil reserves are only in Gala suite horizon. At present, the exploitation of Gala suite horizon is conducted in 62 wells. The drilling of wells from additional platforms to be constructed over the coming years is planned. The accumulation of significant amount of proven reserves in III, V, X and XII blocks of Gala suite’s horizons and the rocks’ high characteristics (porosity, permeability, oil saturation etc.) give reason for studying it and review the practicability of additional wells.

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Alai, Daniel H., and Mario V. Wüthrich. "Taylor Approximations for Model Uncertainty within the Tweedie Exponential Dispersion Family." ASTIN Bulletin 39, no. 2 (November 2009): 453–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.2143/ast.39.2.2044643.

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AbstractThe use of generalized linear models (GLM) to estimate claims reserves has become a standard method in insurance. Most frequently, the exponential dispersion family (EDF) is used; see e.g. England, Verrall. We study the so-called Tweedie EDF and test the sensitivity of the claims reserves and their mean square error of predictions (MSEP) over this family. Furthermore, we develop second order Taylor approximations for the claims reserves and the MSEPs for members of the Tweedie family that are difficult to obtain in practice, but are close enough to models for which claims reserves and MSEP estimations are easy to determine. As a result of multiple case studies, we find that claims reserves estimation is relatively insensitive to which distribution is chosen amongst the Tweedie family, in contrast to the MSEP, which varies widely.

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11

Demirmen, Ferruh. "Reserves Estimation: The Challenge for the Industry." Journal of Petroleum Technology 59, no. 05 (May 1, 2007): 80–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.2118/103434-jpt.

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Indrupskiy, I. M., A. R. Kondrat, and T. N. Tsagan-Mandzhiev. "Estimation of non-pay natural gas reserves." Doklady Earth Sciences 470, no. 1 (September 2016): 909–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1134/s1028334x16090178.

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13

Kim, Wan-Soo, Ki-Youl Ok, and Ha-Hyun Jo. "Operational Reserves Requirement Estimation Using Probabilistic Approach." Transactions of The Korean Institute of Electrical Engineers 69, no. 6 (June 30, 2020): 861–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.5370/kiee.2020.69.6.861.

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14

CORRIGAN, A. F. "Estimation of recoverable reserves: the geologist’s job." Geological Society, London, Petroleum Geology Conference series 4, no. 1 (1993): 1473–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1144/0041473.

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15

Clark, Dean. "New role for geophysics in reserves estimation." Leading Edge 28, no. 8 (August 2009): 918–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1190/tle28080918.1.

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Noack, Heyns, Rodenwoldt, and Edwards. "Leopard Density Estimation within an Enclosed Reserve, Namibia Using Spatially Explicit Capture-Recapture Models." Animals 9, no. 10 (September 25, 2019): 724. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ani9100724.

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The establishment of enclosed conservation areas are claimed to be the driving force for the long-term survival of wildlife populations. Whilst fencing provides an important tool in conservation, it simultaneously represents a controversial matter as it stops natural migration processes, which could ultimately lead to inbreeding, a decline in genetic diversity and local extinction if not managed correctly. Thus, wildlife residing in enclosed reserves requires effective conservation and management strategies, which are strongly reliant on robust population estimates. Here, we used camera traps combined with the relatively new class of spatially explicit capture-recaptured models (SECR) to produce the first reliable leopard population estimate for an enclosed reserve in Namibia. Leopard density was estimated at 14.51 leopards/100 km2, the highest recorded density in Namibia to date. A combination of high prey abundance, the absence of human persecution and a lack of top-down control are believed to be the main drivers of the recorded high leopard population. Our results add to the growing body of literature which suggests enclosed reserves have the potential to harbour high densities and highlight the importance of such reserves for the survival of threatened species in the future.

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17

Neverov, Sergey, Yuri Shaposhnik, and Alexander Hikolsky. "ANALISYS OF SOLID STRESS-STRAIN BEHAVIOR WHEN PROTECTIVE PILLAR OF VERTICAL SHAFT IS DEVELOPED." Interexpo GEO-Siberia 2, no. 4 (2019): 200–211. http://dx.doi.org/10.33764/2618-981x-2019-2-4-200-211.

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In the context of the paper, carried out study complex is devoted to geomechanical estimation of safe development of ore reserves including barrier pillar within protective pillar of shaft of Irtishskaya Ore Mine with determination of influence rate of occurring stresses and strains in a solid on its condition and on capital workings and ground surface. Due to absence of active reserve reproduction of mineral raw materials at active ore mines, issues of pillar redevelopment become extremely important. It is established that in some deposits, losses in boundaries of protective pillars for protective objects reach 30 and more percent from balanced reserves. The possibility of safe extraction of parts of reserves from protective pillar of shaft without negative consequences for mine operation and for objects located at daylight surface is justified, based on analytical solutions and finite-element simulation in terms of Irtishskaya Mine. The most significant issue in the paper is using of mathematical simulation considering geo-structural features of the deposit, solid lithology, physical and mechanical properties of rock geo-metrical difficulty of mining objects and regulatory documentation for significant of extension of knowledge about studying of stability estimation of workings and ground surface. It is established that as main safety way for mine shaft ore barrier pillars should be leaved when reserves from protective pillar is depleted.

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18

Jones, A. D., F. R. Denelle, W. J. Lee, D. G. MacDonald, and B. J. Seiller. "The Use of Reservoir Simulation in Deterministic Proved-Reserves Estimation." SPE Reservoir Evaluation & Engineering 19, no. 03 (June 21, 2016): 358–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.2118/170669-pa.

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Summary This paper proposes an approach for assessing a reservoir-simulation model for use in estimating reserves. A simulation model can integrate complex static data, the physical description of displacement processes, production constraints, and schedules. Hence, it can provide important information for business decisions and reserves estimation. Confidence in simulation predictions depends on the strength of evidence for the input data, quality control of the model, robustness of the history match, and whether there is independent evidence supporting predictions. We explain the principles for evaluating a simulation model and propose requirements for simulation predictions to be considered as proved reserves. This involves evaluation against different strands of evidence, such as static and dynamic characterization, wells and facilities description, reservoir performance, and analogs. Simulation models are often built to support business decisions by use of the best technical estimates for inputs. There can be instances where a simulation model may be reasonable and reliable but it only represents a “best technical” outcome. There may not be sufficient evidence to count the whole predicted recovery as proved reserves. We propose how such a model may be modified to also provide proved-reserves estimates. The approach can be used with different available data and at different stages of field life. It is illustrated through a case study that shows how the principles may be applied.

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Vasilevich, I. I., and A. A. Chernov. "Estimation of Snow Reserves in Watercourses in the Arctic Region." Arctic and Antarctic Research 64, no. 1 (March 30, 2018): 5–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.30758/0555-2648-2018-64-1-5-15.

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For a reliable estimate of snow reserves in theArctic Archipelagoproper allowance must be made for snow accumulation in the areas of relief lowering such as riverbeds, ravines and canyons. As applied to calculating the water yield from the catchment area, unaccounted reserves in the channels may be even larger than recorded. For thickness of the snow cover on similar objects measuring was used Picor-Led ground-penetrating radar. Test measurements of the thickness of the snow cover performed both by radar and manually showed good repeatability of measurements. Data on snow reserves in the catchments of the Mushketov and Amba rivers were obtained using the radar method for northern part of Bolshevik Island in spring 2017.Measurements results has revealed significant differences in the amount of snow reserves between the plateau sections and the river valleys. The thickness of seasonal snow cover in the riverbeds and canyons varied widely and reached10.5 metersdepth. The average values of snow thickness cover on the plateau and in the riverbeds of the Mushketov and Amba rivers were 0.37, 1.80 and1.86 mrespectively during the period of maximum snow accumulation. Our estimates showed that snow deposits in riverbeds have specific snow reserves 6.5–7.5 times higher than specific snow reserves on the plateau. In addition,

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20

Wilandari, Yuciana, Sri Haryatmi Kartiko, and Adhitya Ronnie Effendie. "ESTIMASI CADANGAN KLAIM MENGGUNAKAN GENERALIZED LINEAR MODEL (GLM) DAN COPULA." Jurnal Gaussian 9, no. 4 (December 7, 2020): 411–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.14710/j.gauss.v9i4.29260.

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In the articles of this will be discussed regarding the estimated reserves of the claim using the Generalized Linear Model (GLM) and Copula. Copula is a pair function distribution marginal becomes a function of distribution of multivariate. The use of copula regression in this article is to produce estimated reserves of claims. Generalized Linear Model (GLM) used as a marginal model for several lines of business. In research it is used three kinds of line of business that is individual, corporate and professional. The copula used is the Archimedean type of copula, namely Clayton and Gumbel copula. The best copula selection method is done using Akaike Information Criteria (AIC). Maximum Likelihood Estimation (MLE) is used to estimate copula parameters. The copula model used is the Clayton copula as the best copula. The parameter estimation results are used to obtain the estimated reserve value of the claim.

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21

Curtin, Russell. "Reporting of reserves and resources: the not so short path towards transparency." APPEA Journal 49, no. 2 (2009): 582. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/aj08055.

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In the free-market environment, one of the key performance indicators investors look for in listed oil and gas companies is the quantity, replacement and growth of the proved reserve base. For national governments and authorities, this resource base provides equally crucial information when planning, defining budgets, securing supply and establishing policies that stimulate investment and protect consumers. However, current codes to report reserves and resources lack a universal standard and in many cases have not been updated to reflect advances in technology. In the absence of a clear set of universal standards, there is potential for inconsistent reporting of reserve figures that are not directly comparable to each other, or require substantial revisions. This in turn can leave investment decisions open to discretionary interpretation, with damaging consequences such as loss of credibility in reserves figures and the subsequent market volatility associated with uncertainties in the reserves and resources base. Disclosing the basis for reserves and accounting estimation is fundamental in preparing an accurate company valuation. As the nature of reserves reporting relies on assumptions and estimates, a transparent framework for disclosure that meets the needs of users would be a huge step forward. Both the US Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) and International Accounting Standards Board have been actively working on reporting requirements. This presentation will explore the recent developments in oil and gas company reporting requirements, including those recently announced by the SEC.

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Shumko, V. S., E. I. Mamchistova, and S. S. Kuzovlev. "Estimating recoverable oil reserves using integral displacement characteristics based on probabilistic methodology." Oil and Gas Studies, no. 2 (June 11, 2021): 78–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.31660/0445-0108-2021-2-78-88.

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Estimation of recoverable oil reserves is an actual problem in field development. One way to estimate reserves is to use the characteristics of oil displacement by water. This method, in contrast to hydrodynamic modeling, doesn't take a long computational time and doesn't require information on the geological and filtration properties of the objects under consideration.The article discusses the use of integral displacement characteristics based on a probabilistic method for assessing potentially recoverable oil reserves. We describe an algorithm for estimating reserves by this method. In the course of the comparative analysis, the efficiency of the method was demonstrated depending on the watercut at the end of the approximation interval. As a result, with a watercut of less than 90 %, a better forecast was found than in the classical application of the characteristics of oil displacement by water.

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Zhang, Jian Keng, Qian Hong Wu, and Ji Qiu Deng. "The Realization and Application of Mineral Resources and Reserves Estimation Based on MapGIS." Applied Mechanics and Materials 88-89 (August 2011): 442–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.88-89.442.

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In terms of the reality that the immature and simple manipulations of MapGIS, the expensive price, complicate operations and calculations of foreign software on reserves estimation as well as the limit of the mine techniques, an estimated module of minerals reserves is made in correspondence with the actual demand. This module is developed through MapGIS re-develop tools and relevant GIS techniques on ".Net" platform and with the utilization of visual programming language C#, in order to realize the functions of automatic mapping and output of prospecting line profile map, the interactive delineation of ore bodies, the estimates of the mineral reserves and the interactive display between map and attribute data, which will greatly improve work efficiency of disposal of the geological data and estimation of resources and reserves.

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Jowitt, Simon M., and Brian A. McNulty. "Geology and Mining: Mineral Resources and Reserves: Their Estimation, Use, and Abuse." SEG Discovery, no. 125 (April 1, 2021): 27–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.5382/geo-and-mining-11.

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Editor’s note: The Geology and Mining series, edited by Dan Wood and Jeffrey Hedenquist, is designed to introduce early-career professionals and students to a variety of topics in mineral exploration, development, and mining, in order to provide insight into the many ways in which geoscientists contribute to the mineral industry. Abstract Resource and reserve estimation is a critical step in mine development and the progression from mineral exploration to commodity production. The data inputs typically change over time and reflect variations in geoscientific knowledge as well as the modifying factors required by regulation for estimating a reserve. These factors include mineral (ore) processing, metallurgical treatment of the ore, infrastructure requirements for mine and workforce, and the transportation of processed products to buyers; others that will affect the production of metals and/or minerals from a deposit include economic, marketing, legal, environmental, social, and governmental factors. All are needed by the mining industry to quantify the contained mineralization within mineral deposits that likely warrant the significant capital investment required to build a mine. However, these resource and reserve data are estimates that change over time due to unpredicted variations in the initial inputs. Paramount to the two estimates are the quality and accuracy of the geologic inputs and the communication of these to the professionals tasked with making each estimate. Geostatistical processing of the grade of the resource has become a dominant element of the estimation process, but this requires transparent and informed communication between geologists and mining engineers with the geostatistician responsible for mathematically processing the grade data. Regulatory constraints also mean that estimated resources and reserves seldom capture the full extent of a mineral deposit. Similarly, co- and by-product metals and minerals that are commonly produced by mines may not be captured by resource and reserve estimates because of their limited economic contribution. This suggests that reporting standards for co- and by-products—particularly for the critical metals that may have a sharp increase in demand—need improvement. Finally, the importance of these data to the mining industry is such that informing investors and the broader public about the nature of resource and reserve estimates, and the meaning of associated terminology, is also essential when considering the global metal and mineral supply, and the role of mining in modern society.

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Altowilib, Ali, Ahmed AlSaihati, Hussain Alhamood, Saad Alafnan, and Sulaiman Alarifi. "Reserves Estimation for Coalbed Methane Reservoirs: A Review." Sustainability 12, no. 24 (December 18, 2020): 10621. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su122410621.

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A continuous growth in the global economy and population requires a sustainable energy supply. Maximizing recovery factor out of the naturally occurring hydrocarbons resources has been an active area of continuous development to meet the globally increasing demand for energy. Coalbed methane (CBM), which is one of the primary resources of natural gas, associates complex storage mechanisms and requires some advanced recovery techniques, rendering conventional reserve assessment methods insufficient. This work presents a literature review on CBM in different aspects. This includes rock characteristics such as porosity, permeability, adsorption capacity, adsorption isotherm, and coal classification. In addition, CBM reservoirs are compared to conventional reservoirs in terms of reservoir quality, reservoir properties, accumulation, and water/gas saturation and production. Different topics that contribute to the production of CBM reservoirs are also discussed. This includes production mechanisms, well spacing, well completion, and petrophysical interpretations. The main part of this work sheds a light on the available techniques to determine initial-gas-in-place in CBM reservoirs such as volumetric, decline curve, and material balance. It also presents the pros and cons of each technique. Lastly, common development and economic challenges in CBM fields are listed in addition to environmental concerns.

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Krass, M. S. "Estimation of potential fresh water reserves in icebergs." Ice and Snow 57, no. 2 (January 1, 2017): 231–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.15356/2076-6734-2017-2-231-240.

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Denney, Dennis. "Fluid- and Rock-Property Effects on Reserves Estimation." Journal of Petroleum Technology 64, no. 12 (December 1, 2012): 95–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.2118/1212-0095-jpt.

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Haider, Ghazi M. "World Oil Reserves: Problems In Definition And Estimation." OPEC Review 24, no. 4 (December 2000): 305–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/1468-0076.00086.

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Cooper, Graham H. "Underground mapping and computer estimation of ore reserves." Australian Surveyor 33, no. 8 (December 1987): 718–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00050326.1987.10438983.

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Garb, Forrest A. "Oil and Gas Reserves Classification, Estimation, and Evaluation." Journal of Petroleum Technology 37, no. 03 (March 1, 1985): 373–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.2118/13946-pa.

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SMITH, MARTIN D., JUNJIE ZHANG, and FELICIA C. COLEMAN. "Structural Modeling of Marine Reserves with Bayesian Estimation." Marine Resource Economics 22, no. 2 (January 2007): 121–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1086/mre.22.2.42629548.

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Dobrinskii, Yu I. "Estimation of strength reserves for ceramic material articles." Strength of Materials 23, no. 4 (April 1991): 384–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf00771964.

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Han, Zhongxian, and Wu-Chyuan Gau. "Estimation of loss reserves with lognormal development factors." Insurance: Mathematics and Economics 42, no. 1 (February 2008): 389–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.insmatheco.2007.04.006.

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Verrall, R. J. "On the estimation of reserves from loglinear models." Insurance: Mathematics and Economics 10, no. 1 (March 1991): 75–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0167-6687(91)90026-t.

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Rietz, Dean C., and Adnan H. Usmani. "Case Studies Illustrating the Use of Reservoir Simulation Results in the Reserves Estimation Process." SPE Reservoir Evaluation & Engineering 12, no. 01 (February 26, 2009): 149–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.2118/110066-pa.

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Summary Continuous improvements in reservoir simulation software and the availability of high performance computing equipment are making the use of simulation models commonplace for field development and planning purposes. Naturally, this trend has also increased interest in the use of reservoir simulation model results in the oil and gas reserves estimation process. As simulation specialists who work in a primarily reserves-evaluation company, the authors are routinely asked to evaluate, and in many cases incorporate, simulation results in the reserves estimation process. In addition, the authors are required to opine on the approach and tactics used by clients while they incorporate numerical models in their reserves bookings. Because limited published discussion exists on this topic, the purpose of this paper is to provide some examples of the approach used by the authors. We believe this approach to be appropriate and within the spirit of reserves interpretation as used by typical reserves regulatory bodies such as the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC). Papers previously published have discussed the use of models in the reserves process, including the evaluation of the models themselves (Palke and Rietz 2001; Rietz and Usmani 2005). In contrast, this paper provides three case studies that illustrate how results from various models have been used to assist in quantifying reserves. Two of the examples are based on history-matched models, while the third focuses on a pre-production reservoir where no adequate history is available and probabilistic methods were incorporated to help understand the uncertainty in the forecasts. While there is no "cookbook" or step-by-step procedure for using simulation results to estimate reserves, the case studies presented in this paper are intended to both show some examples and also spark some debate and discussion. Undoubtedly there will be some disagreement with our techniques, but an open discussion should prove to be beneficial for both reserves evaluators and simulation specialists.

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Bapin, Yerzhigit, and Vasilios Zarikas. "Probabilistic estimation of spinning reserves in smart grids with Bayesian-driven reserve allocation adjustment algorithm." International Journal of Energy Sector Management 15, no. 3 (January 11, 2021): 433–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijesm-12-2019-0012.

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Purpose This study aims to introduce a methodology for optimal allocation of spinning reserves taking into account load, wind and solar generation by application of the univariate and bivariate parametric models, conventional intra and inter-zonal spinning reserve capacity as well as demand response through utilization of capacity outage probability tables and the equivalent assisting unit approach. Design/methodology/approach The method uses a novel approach to model wind power generation using the bivariate Farlie–Gumbel–Morgenstern probability density function (PDF). The study also uses the Bayesian network (BN) algorithm to perform the adjustment of spinning reserve allocation, based on the actual unit commitment of the previous hours. Findings The results show that the utilization of bivariate wind prediction model along with reserve allocation adjustment algorithm improve reliability of the power grid by 2.66% and reduce the total system operating costs by 1.12%. Originality/value The method uses a novel approach to model wind power generation using the bivariate Farlie–Gumbel–Morgenstern PDF. The study also uses the BN algorithm to perform the adjustment of spinning reserve allocation, based on the actual unit commitment of the previous hours.

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Zhenina, V. V. "Assessment of Production Stocks of Agricultural Organization: Accounting and Tax Practice." Economy of agricultural and processing enterprises, no. 1 (January 2021): 49–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.31442/0235-2494-2021-0-1-49-53.

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The article discusses methods for assessing reserves, determines the degree of development of the issue of accounting and analysis of production reserves among the works of domestic authors. Comparative characteristics of international and Russian standards for their accounting are presented. Also, a comparison of inventories in accounting and tax accounting was carried out. The estimation of reserves is considered on the example of an agricultural enterprise.

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Afriansyah, Dian, Duryat Duryat, and Hari Kaskoyo. "KONTRIBUSI KOMPOSISI VEGETASI DALAM PENYIMPANAN DAN SERAPAN KARBON DI HUTAN RAKYAT DESA NEGARA RATU II KECAMATAN NATAR KABUPATEN LAMPUNG SELATAN." Jurnal Belantara 2, no. 2 (August 1, 2019): 112. http://dx.doi.org/10.29303/jbl.v2i2.127.

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Tree stands in community forest have potential to absorb carbon in the air by storing in the body parts of the tree. This study aims to determine the effect of community forest’s stand types on the number of reserves and carbon uptake. The sampling method used is the cluster sampling method to determine the sample. Biomass data are collection destructive and non destructive methods. Estimation of biomass is carried out using the allometric equations. Measurement of carbon content using the formula from BSN (2011) x 0.47. Comparative analysis of carbon reserves and removals uptake using the variance test and 5 % BNT test. Public forests in the Negara Ratu II village with gold teak stands have carbon reserves and removals (135.87 tons/ha and 499,00 ton/ha). the most significant compared to community forests with other types of stands. While the reserve value and carbon uptake between white teak (44.86 tons/ha and 164.63 tons/ha), acacia (54.13 tons/ha and 191.20 tons/ ha), red jabon (51.20ton/ha and 187.90 tons/ha), white jabon (59.51 tons/ha and 218.40 tons/ha), is no different.

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Denney, Dennis. "Shale-Gas Reserves Estimation: Multiple Decline-Curve-Analysis Models." Journal of Petroleum Technology 64, no. 11 (November 1, 2012): 144–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.2118/1112-0144-jpt.

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Kwon, Hyukchun, and Changwook Kang. "Contingency and Management Reserves Estimation Method for Project Budget." Journal of Society of Korea Industrial and Systems Engineering 39, no. 1 (March 30, 2016): 17–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.11627/jkise.2016.39.1.017.

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Stupakova, A. V., G. A. Kalmykov, N. P. Fadeeva, A. Kh Bogomolov, T. A. Kiryukhina, N. I. Korobova, V. V. Maltsev, et al. "On the estimation of shale-oil resources and reserves." Moscow University Geology Bulletin 70, no. 3 (May 2015): 183–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.3103/s0145875215030096.

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Bernard, W. J. "Reserves estimation and performance prediction for geopressured gas reservoirs." Journal of Petroleum Science and Engineering 1, no. 1 (August 1987): 15–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0920-4105(87)90011-8.

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Kapageridis, I., A. Apostolikas, S. Pappas, and I. Zevgolis. "Use of mine planning software for the evaluation of resources and reserves of a sedimentary nickel deposit." Bulletin of the Geological Society of Greece 47, no. 4 (September 5, 2013): 1980. http://dx.doi.org/10.12681/bgsg.11021.

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The use of mine planning software in the evaluation of deposits and estimation of mineral resources and reserves has become widespread and is considered a prerequisite for the reporting of reserves according to international reporting standards and codes. The main principles of operation and application of these codes are transparency of reported material, the relevance of reported information (materiality) and the competence of people involved in producing the reports. The application of specialised mine planning software described in this paper currently takes place at operational mines of sedimentary nickel deposits in Central Evia, Greece. It involves all stages of processing of exploration data including entry, analysis, processing and modelling of data, geostatistical estimation of quantities and qualities of mineral resources and mineral reserves, and the design, optimisation and scheduling of mining operations.

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Kuznetsova, Ya V. "Object methods of geostatistical analysis for facies modeling." Oil and Gas Studies, no. 1 (March 19, 2021): 20–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.31660/0445-0108-2021-1-20-29.

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Facies cube is a required part of a static model, especially concerning fields characterized by complicated geological structure. The important quantitative limitations for modeling are facies proportions in the formation volume. Nowadays these proportions are calculated using standard geostatistical methods without considering particular properties of facies data. These properties are specific geometrical characteristics of sedimentological units. The consequences are significant differences between calculated and actual data and unreliable hydrocarbon reserves estimation.In order to enhance reliability of reserves estimation on the basis of 3D static models, this article is devoted to special methods of geostatistical analysis for facies data: object geometrization and object clustering. These methods allow taking into account specific geometrical parameters of formations deposited in different environments, therefore, allow reducing differences between calculated and actual facies data and enhancing reliability of reserves estimation.

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King, R. H., Elizabeth Speirs, and P. Eckerman. "A note on the estimation of the chemical body composition of sows." Animal Science 43, no. 1 (August 1986): 167–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0003356100018456.

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Present day sows, particularly young sows, have smaller fat reserves than they did 10 to 20 years ago (Whittemore, Franklin and Pearce, 1980). Consequently, changes in the sows' body reserves during pregnancy and lactation have become much more critical in evaluating various nutritional strategies. The interpretation of many experiments designed ot investigate the effects of nutrition of the sow would be enhanced if changes in the body composition of the animal could be determined.

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Gong, M., Z. Yang, W. Yang, and Y. Song. "Giant panda habitat networks and conservation: is this species adequately protected?" Wildlife Research 37, no. 6 (2010): 531. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/wr10038.

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Context. Giant pandas (Ailuropoda melanoleuca) are restricted to six mountain ranges at the edge of the Tibetan Plateau. One of these ranges, the Qinling Mountains, contains the highest density of giant pandas and is home to ~20% of those remaining in the wild. Commercial logging and other developments have resulted in habitat fragmentation, and an efficient and powerful conservation network is now needed for the species in this area. Aims. This study sought to assess giant panda habitat and estimate the carrying capacity of this reserve network. Our goal was to improve the function and carrying capacity of the reserve network and facilitate population growth and gene flow among subpopulations of giant pandas. Methods. We use habitat suitability models to assess the efficacy of conservation networks. With estimation of carrying capacity by home range, we can reveal issues facing reserves and populations of endangered species they contain. Here, we define key habitat, linkages, corridors and overall connectivity and then use habitat network modelling and spatial analyses to design a conservation landscape for giant pandas across their Qinling Mountains stronghold. Key results. We found that 91% of giant panda sightings were in suitable or marginally suitable habitat. The total area of giant panda habitat present in the Qinling Mountains is ~1600 km2 fragmented across four key habitat blocks by national roads or other human activity. The current nature reserve network encompasses 71% of available suitable habitat and 62% of available marginal habitat, meaning a significant proportion of panda habitat remains outside the current conservation network. We found that giant panda reserves across this region are not equal in their carrying capacity; some reserves contain an overabundance of giant pandas and the wellbeing of these populations are in doubt. Conclusions. Our results highlight the potential risk of high densities and bamboo flowering events to the safety of giant pandas. With poor population size and heavy isolation, small populations will not persist without translocation. Implication. Redrawing the reserve network to correct localised problems may improve the function of the giant panda protection system, build capacity in the reserve network, and decrease human–wildlife conflict. We propose a new reserve and adjustment of the borders and region for three reserves.

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Dina Manolache, Aurora Elena. "Chain claims reserving methods in non-life insurance." Proceedings of the International Conference on Applied Statistics 1, no. 1 (October 1, 2019): 216–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/icas-2019-0019.

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Abstract Considering that the reliability of reserves valuation directly influences the financial strength of an insurance company, the main aim of this paper is to present a claims reserving estimation for a Romanian non-life insurer based on the most popular chain methods which are typically used in practice for the estimation of outstanding claims reserves in general insurance industry: Standard Chain Ladder and Munich Chain Ladder both on the claims incurred data and claims paid data. The tail development factors have been estimated based on the curve-fitting methods. The obvious advantage of these methods is represented by its simplicity of the practicality application. The results of the research under two chain claims reserving models reveal significant differences between the Standard Chain Ladder and Munich Chain Ladder with respect to the claims reserves level. Probably the Standard Chain Ladder based on paid method underestimates the outstanding loss liabilities and Standard Chain Ladder based on Incurred method overestimates the claims reserves. The claims reserves predictions under the Paid Munich Chain Ladder and Incurred Munich Chain Ladder are between the two Standard Chain Ladder outstanding loss liabilities estimates. The results of the tail extrapolation shown that the incorporation of the tail factors can have a significant impact on claims predictions.

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Soldatkina, O. A. "ACTUAL ISSUES OF FORMATION OF DATA ABOUT RESERVES ACCORDING TO RUSSIAN AND INTERNATIONAL REQUIREMENTS." Vestnik of Khabarovsk State University of Economics and Law, no. 1-2 (October 20, 2020): 37–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.38161/2618-9526-2020-1-2-28.

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The article reflects the results of a study that describes similarities and differences between the current re-quirements of IFRS (IAS) 2 and the new Federal Accounting Standard (FAS 5/2019) on formation of data in financial statements about reserves. Special attention is paid to the problems of recognition, estimation, classification and accounting of reserves under new requirements.

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Zhang, Zhi Cheng, Xiao Hui Yu, and Yao Wu Shi. "Maximum Likelihood Based Joint Angle-Frequency Estimation Using QPSO Algorithm." Applied Mechanics and Materials 513-517 (February 2014): 1227–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.513-517.1227.

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In this paper, the Maximum Likelihood (ML) method using Quantum-behaved Particle Swarm Optimization (QPSO) algorithm is applied to the problem of estimating the direction-of-arrival (DOA) and the Doppler frequency of multiple signal sources impinging on an antenna array simultaneously. The extended observability matrix containing the angle and frequency parameters is established using state-space model. The ML method is used to estimate the parameters accurately and convert the problem from parameter estimation to a nonlinear multidimensional function optimization. Then the DOA and Doppler frequency are estimated by optimizing the likelihood function using QPSO algorithm. The proposed method reserves the asymptotic unbiased estimation of the ML method and reduces the computational burden of calculating the solution. Besides, the estimated parameters can be paired automatically.

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Setko, N. P., Ekaterina V. Bulycheva, and E. B. Beilina. "Hygienic estimation of functional reserves and adaptive capabilities of students." Hygiene and sanitation 96, no. 2 (March 27, 2019): 166–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.18821/0016-9900-2017-96-2-166-170.

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