Journal articles: 'Reservoir sediment flushing'

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Esmaeili, Taymaz, Tetsuya Sumi, Sameh A. Kantoush, and Yoji Kubota. "Free-Flow Sediment Flushing: Insights from Prototype-Scale Studies." Journal of Disaster Research 13, no. 4 (August 1, 2018): 677–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.20965/jdr.2018.p0677.

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Free-flow sediment flushing operation offers viable means to preserve the storage capacity of dam reservoirs as the incoming flood erodes the flushing channel, and the deposited sediment is flushed from the reservoir. This method involves complex flow patterns and flushing channel formation procedures owing to the dynamic interaction between varying flow conditions (e.g., shallow and deep flows) and moveable bed variations notably when the non-uniform sediments exist in the complex geometry of reservoirs. In the present study, first, the numerical simulation of a previously conducted free-flow sediment flushing operation in the Dashidaira and the target segment of Unazuki reservoirs using the available field-measured data were presented. Then, to improve the flushing efficiency in the Dashidaira reservoir, the effects of using a groyne were studied. A fully 3D numerical model using the finite volume method in combination with a wetting/draying algorithm was utilized to reproduce the flow velocity field and morphological bed changes. While the characteristics of the flow field can be captured by the numerical model in Dashidaira and Unazuki reservoirs, simulated bed changes in upstream areas covered with the coarser materials (e.g., study zone of Unazuki reservoir) showed some discrepancies. The outcomes also revealed that implementing a groyne at the entrance of the wide midstream of Dashidaira reservoir can locally increase the sediment erosion chance from this area and thereby can improve the flushing efficiency by approximately 10%. Therefore, the risks associated with the accumulation of distorted sediments in the wide midstream of Dashidaira reservoir within a long-term period could be reduced.

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Lu, Liyu, Chunhua Tao, and Weibin Huang. "Study on Flood and Sediment Joint Operation of Dadu River Downstream Cascade Reservoirs." MATEC Web of Conferences 246 (2018): 01082. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/matecconf/201824601082.

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There is large amount of high hardness sand in the water flow in Dadu river. The problem of sediment deposition is very prominent in the two early reservoirs, Gongzui reservoir and Tongjiezi reservoir. In order to decrease sediment deposition effectively and extend the service life of them, the sediment characteristics of Dadu river cascade hydropower stations are analysed, as well as changes of sediment deposition in Gongzui reservoir and Tongjiezi reservoir after Pubugou reservoir puts into operation. Flood forecast and pre-discharge operation theory are studied for utilizing the discarding water to improve sediment-flushing effect, and flood and sediment joint dispatching schemes of cascade reservoirs are proposed. In order to evaluate effects of joint dispatching schemes, SBED extended one-dimensional flushing sediment mathematical model of deposited reservoir is built, and the mathematical model is used for simulative computation of coming 20-years sediment-flushing effect. After that, the effects of different schemes are analyzed comparatively. Three conclusions can be drawn from the studying. Firstly, the sediment in Gongzui reservoir and Tongjiezi reservoir is obviously reduced after Pubugou reservoir puts into operation. Secondly, flood forecast, pre-discharge operation theory and creating sand-flushing conditions can obviously improve sediment-flushing effects and avoid wasting power generation water when the water levels and outflows of Pubugou reservoir, Gongzui reservoir and Tongjiezi reservoir are rationally controlled. Finally, the larger the inflows and the lower the water level of Gongzui reservoir and Tongjiezi reservoir is, the more obvious the sediment-flushing effects are. According to situations of power plant at the time, such as rules of flood controlling and operation requirements of flood discharge facilities, it is recommended that the inflow of Gongzui reservoir is controlled at about 4500m3/s, and timely lower the water levels of Gongzui reservoir and Tongjiezi reservoir to their dead water levels, when carrying out joint dispatching schemes.

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Hussain, Kashif, and Muhammad Shahab. "Sustainable sediment management in a reservoir through flushing using HEC-RAS model: case study of Thakot Hydropower Project (D-3) on the Indus river." Water Supply 20, no. 2 (November 27, 2019): 448–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/ws.2019.174.

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Abstract To increase the life of small storage reservoirs, sediment flushing is found to be a very useful technique throughout the world. A sediment flushing study of the Thakot D-3 Hydropower Project reservoir after construction of the Dasu dam on the Indus river is presented in this paper. HEC-RAS 5.0.6 numerical model has been employed to check the sediment removal during flushing and to assess the model's applicability and limitations. Dasu reservoir sediment discharge data of 20 years were used to evaluate the sediment load with different transport functions under no-flushing (FSL 656 m asl) and flushing conditions. Without flushing, the river bed would be raised 56.1 m at the dam site and the low-level spillway and power intake would be filled in 2–5 years' time. It was observed that reservoir sediment flushing is economically realistic for this dam and the HEC-RAS sediment simulation model is encouraged for reservoir flushing modeling. If the Thakot D-3 HPP is commissioned a number of years after Dasu, a coarser sediment load will also be reached in the reservoir which could pose a serious challenge for the Thakot D-3 reservoir life. It is recommended that without construction of the Bhasha-Diamer storage dam, sedimentation not only is a complicated issue for Dasu HPP and Thakot D-3 HPP, but will also have drastic impacts on other downstream run-of-river energy projects.

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Esmaeili, Taymaz, Tetsuya Sumi, Sameh A. Kantoush, Yoji Kubota, Stefan Haun, and Nils Rüther. "Numerical Study of Discharge Adjustment Effects on Reservoir Morphodynamics and Flushing Efficiency: An Outlook for the Unazuki Reservoir, Japan." Water 13, no. 12 (June 9, 2021): 1624. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w13121624.

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The Unazuki Reservoir is located on the Kurobe River, which is influenced by a catchment with one of the highest sediment yields in Japan. Due to a sufficiently available discharge during flood events, annual sediment flushing with full water-level drawdown (i.e., free-flow sediment flushing) is conducted to preserve the effective storage capacity of the reservoir. Nevertheless, the upstream half of the reservoir (i.e., study segment) suffers from the excessive deposition of coarser sediments. Remobilization of these coarser materials and their transportation further downstream of the reservoir is a priority of reservoir owners for sustainable reservoir functions, such as flood-risk management and hydroelectric energy generation. In this paper, an already conducted sediment-flushing operation in the Unazuki Reservoir is simulated, and its effects on sediment scouring from the study segment of the reservoir together with changes in bed morphodynamics are presented. A fully 3D numerical model using the finite volume approach in combination with a wetting/drying algorithm was utilized to reproduce the hydrodynamics and bed changes using the available onsite data. Afterwards, the effects of discharge adjustment on the morphological bed changes and flushing efficiency were analysed in the study segment using an additional single-discharge pulse supplied from upstream reservoirs. Simulation results showed that an approximately 75% increase in the average discharge during the free-flow stage changed the dominant morphological process from deposition into an erosive mode in the study segment. If the increase in discharge reaches up to 100%, the flushed volume of sediments from the target segment can increase 2.9 times compared with the initiation of the erosive mode.

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Setiawan, Ery, Syamsul Hidayat, Ida Bagus Giri Putra, Muhammad Bagus Budianto, and Salehudin. "Evaluation of sediment management for two large reservoirs in Lombok island." MATEC Web of Conferences 195 (2018): 05002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/matecconf/201819505002.

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Sedimentation is an important issue in reservoir rehabilitation and maintenance. This problem is worsened by seasonal water scarcity as a characteristic of arid catchments. Worldwide loss of storage capacity due to sedimentation is much higher than the increase of capacity by the construction of new reservoirs. Further, sedimentation hinders the safe operation of not only shallow reservoirs but also deep reservoirs by means of turbidity currents which sporadically transport large volumes of sediments down to the dams. This study analyses the real case of Pengga reservoir and Batujai reservoir located in Central Indonesia. Selected sediment management alternatives were analysed and evaluated based on technical, social and environmental criteria. Evaluation of sediment management alternatives was conducted by utilising the REServoir CONservation (RESCON) tool. Results showed that, first, both flushing techniques and hydrosuction are feasible whereas dredging and trucking are not. Secondly, the flushing technique outweighs the Hydrosuction Sediment Removal (HSRS) method. Thirdly, application of the HSRS method in both reservoirs shares one thing in common, i.e. it requires an appropriate combination of the number of suction pipes as well as minimum suction pipe diameters. Lastly, there are some differences in the details of implementation of the flushing technique to both reservoirs.

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Atmodjo, Pranoto S., Sri Sangkawati, and Kirno Kirno. "PERBANDINGAN EFEKTIFITAS HASIL PENGGELONTORAN SEDIMEN DI WADUK CARA FLUSHING DAN SLUICING." Teknik 34, no. 2 (September 13, 2013): 66. http://dx.doi.org/10.14710/teknik.v34i2.5627.

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This study compares the effectiveness of the flushing of sediment in the reservoir by means of flushing andSluicing way, based on Physical Hydraulic Test (Model Test) in the laboratory. Flushing is removingaccumulated deposited sediment. While slucing is releasing of sediment through the reservoir beforesettled or keep sediment remain in suspension and its occur during flood period. Sediments FlushEffectiveness represented by the percentage of released sediment by sediment deposited or the amount ofsediment entering the reservoir during the flushing period.The model based on the prototipe from DetailDesign of Structural Countermeasures for Sedimentation on Wonogiri Reservoir by Nippon Koei 2009.Running model duration is one hour, used free flow and submergence condition, with discharge variationQ=100, 200 and 400 m3/s. Sluicing experiments conducted with some 60 liters of sediment sprinkle evenlywide flow, and Flushing implemented by 2,00 m thickness of deposited sediment that spreaded over thereservoir bottom before running. From this research showed that Sluicing way more efficient than theflushing way, where the number of efficiency of sediment Sluicing way bigger than the efficiency offlusing way, in the running an hour in the laboratory test

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Wang, Hsiao-Wen, Bing-Shiou Tsai, Charnsmorn Hwang, Guan-Wei Chen, and Wei-Cheng Kuo. "Efficiency of the Drawdown Flushing and Partition Desilting of a Reservoir in Taiwan." Water 12, no. 8 (July 31, 2020): 2166. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w12082166.

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Sedimentation limits the benefits of storage reservoirs, especially in areas with higher sediment yields, such as Agongdian Reservoir in southern Taiwan. Although drawdown flushing is a known strategy that releases large amounts of fine sediment into a downstream channel, there is limited information on the long-term monitoring and multiple metrics being used to evaluate flushing efficiency. The objectives of this study were three-fold: (1) to continue collecting valuable long-term observed data, since Agongdian Reservoir is one of the few reservoirs currently conducting sediment flushing operations; (2) to evaluate and identify the hydrological parameters that are highly related to the flushing efficiency; (3) to execute numerical simulations of different reservoir flushing scenarios at multiple water levels to discuss potential strategies to improve the flushing efficiency. The findings of this study revealed that long-term monitoring data was valuable for identifying factors highly related to the flushing efficiency, which included the initial water level; average water level; average velocity. Based on simulations, compartmentalizing the reservoir is a proposed strategy that has demonstrated high levels of improvement in terms of the flushing efficiency, depending on particular scenarios involving partition desilting, empty flushing, or a combination of both. Recommendations to increase the flushing efficiency include lowering the initial water level, creating a narrower gorge-like geometry by partitioning, and further considering to modify the operation rules.

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Utomo, Puji. "Mrica Reservoir Sedimentation: Current Situation and Future Necessary Management." Journal of the Civil Engineering Forum 3, no. 2 (September 12, 2017): 365. http://dx.doi.org/10.22146/jcef.26640.

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Mrica Reservoir is one of many reservoirs located in Central Java that experienced a considerably high sedimentation during the last ten years. This condition has caused a rapid decrease in reservoir capacity. Various countermeasures have been introduced to reduce the rate of the reservoir sedimentation through catchment management and reservoir operation by means of flushing and/or dredging. However, the sedimentation remains intensive so that the fulfillment of water demand for electrical power generation was seriously affected. This paper presents the results of evaluation on the dynamics of the purpose of this research is to evaluate the sediment balance of the Mrica Reservoir based on two different scenarios, i.e. the existing condition and another certain type of reservoir management. The study on sediment balance was carried out by estimating the sediment inflow applying sheet erosion method in combination with the analysis of sediment rating curve. The measurement of the deposited sediment rate in the reservoir was conducted through the periodic echo sounding, whereas identification of the number of sediment that has been released from the reservoir was carried out through the observation on both flushing and dredging activities. The results show that during the last decade, the rate of the sediment inflow was approximately 5.869 MCM/year, whereas the released sediment from the reservoir was 4.097 MCM/year. In order to maintain the reservoir capacity, therefore, at least 1.772 MCM/year should be released from the reservoir by means of either flushing or dredging. Sedimentation management may prolong the reservoir’s service life to exceed the design life. Without sediment management, the lifetime of the reservoir would have finished by 2016, whereas with the proper management the lifetime may be extended to 2025.

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NOH, M. N. MD, Masanori MICHIUE, Osamu HINOKIDANI, and Takahito TSUJI. "SEDIMENT FLUSHING FOR STEEP SLOPE RESERVOIR." PROCEEDINGS OF HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING 46 (2002): 1211–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.2208/prohe.46.1211.

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Hauer, Christoph, Marlene Haimann, Patrick Holzapfel, Peter Flödl, Beatrice Wagner, Michael Hubmann, Bernhard Hofer, Helmut Habersack, and Martin Schletterer. "Controlled Reservoir Drawdown—Challenges for Sediment Management and Integrative Monitoring: An Austrian Case Study—Part A: Reach Scale." Water 12, no. 4 (April 8, 2020): 1058. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w12041058.

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For Europe, a reduction of 80% of the potential storage volume due to reservoir sedimentation is predicted by 2080. Sedimentation processes trigger the decrease of the storage volume and a related restriction in hydropower production. Further, the artificial downstream flushing of deposited fines has manifold effects on the aquatic ecology, including changes in morphology and sediment quality, as well as increased turbidity and subsequent stress for aquatic species. However, it is common to lower the water surface of reservoirs for technical inspections, which is not comparable to reservoir flushing operations. The presented case study deals with such a controlled drawdown beyond the operational level of the Gepatsch reservoir (Tyrol, Austria). Based on the awareness of possible ecological consequences, an advanced set of measures and an integrative monitoring design, consisting of a detailed event-based quantification of suspended sediments, changes in the morphology, especially with respect to fine sediments, and analyses of the biological quality element fish on the reach scale along the Inn River have been developed.

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Ludeña, Sebastián Guillén, Pedro Manso, Anton J. Schleiss, Benno Schwegler, Jan Stamm, and Andres Fankhauser. "Sediment balance of a cascade of alpine reservoirs based on multi-decadal data records." E3S Web of Conferences 40 (2018): 03012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/20184003012.

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Reservoir sedimentation is a major concern in the operational management of dams and appurtenant structures. The increasing volume of sediments deposited in reservoirs leads to a loss of water storage, undermining the purpose itself of the dam for human use or protection. The deposition of sediments (mostly fine) in the vicinity of the dam’s operational structures, such as bottom outlets and power intakes, may result in partial or total blockage of these structures. To cope with these problems, it is essential to determine the sediment balance of the reservoirs, by assessing the origin and quantity of the in- and out-fluxes of sediments. This paper presents a methodology to determine the annual sediment balance of a system of interlinked reservoirs across several decades, as well as its application to the alpine hydropower cascade formed by the Oberaar, Grimsel and Räterichsboden reservoirs located in Switzerland. At that aim, the annual sediment fluxes and the sedimentation rates of each reservoir were characterized. Also, the percentage of fine sediments (dm < 10 μm) included in the total sedimentation rate was estimated. The results reveal that the annual sedimentation rate of the lowermost reservoir of the system (Räterichsboden) is highly altered by the flushing operations of the reservoir upstream (Grimsel). Also, for the uppermost reservoir of the system (Oberaar), the volume of fine sediments deposited annually can reach up to 46% of the total sedimentation rate.

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Olsen, Nils Reidar B., and Stefan Haun. "Numerical modelling of bank failures during reservoir draw-down." E3S Web of Conferences 40 (2018): 03001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/20184003001.

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Numerical algorithms are presented for modeling bank failures during reservoir flushing. The algorithms are based on geotechnical theory and the limit equilibrium approach to find the location and the depth of the slides. The actual movements of the slides are based on the solution of the Navier-Stokes equations for laminar flow with high viscosity. The models are implemented in the SSIIM computer program, which also can be used for modelling erosion of sediments from reservoirs. The bank failure algorithms are tested on the Bodendorf hydropower reservoir in Austria. Comparisons with measurements show that the resulting slides were in the same order of magnitude as the observed ones. However, some scatter on the locations were observed. The algorithms were stable for thick sediment layers, but instabilities were observed for thin sediment layers.

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Dodaran, A. A., S. K. Park, and A. Mardashti. "Experimental Investigation of the Effect of Vibrator Machine for Desilting Sediment in the Pressure Flushing." Journal of Scientific Research 6, no. 3 (August 28, 2014): 475–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/jsr.v6i3.17236.

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As natural streams enter reservoirs, the streams flow depth increases and the flow velocity decreases. Itdecreases the sediment transport capacity of the stream and causes settling. Numerous methods have been planned to control the sedimentation process. These may include catchment's management, flushing, sluicing etc. Flushing is used to erode previously deposited sediments. When outlet is opened the sediment in the vicinity of the outlet openings is scoured and a funnel shaped crater is created.In this research experimental studywas performed to investigatethe effect of localized vibrations in the sediment layers on the dimensions of the flushing cone. For this purpose laboratory test was carried out under different hydraulic conditions such as five discharges of 0.23, 0.53, 1.21, 1.53 and 2.1 lit/s with bottom outlets with diameters of 1 and 2 inch. Using the vibrator machine mounted in the reservoir and close to the bottom outlet, different frequencies(e.g. 20, 35 and 50 Hz) have been applied for the deposited sediment in the vicinity of the outlet. The results showthat, the dimension offlushing cone significantly increaseddue tovibrations. © 2014 JSR Publications. ISSN: 2070-0237 (Print); 2070-0245 (Online). All rights reserved. doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/jsr.v6i3.17236 J. Sci. Res. 6 (3), 475-485 (2014)

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Gallerano, Francesco, and Giovanni Cannata. "Compatibility of Reservoir Sediment Flushing and River Protection." Journal of Hydraulic Engineering 137, no. 10 (October 2011): 1111–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/(asce)hy.1943-7900.0000419.

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Reisenbüchler, Markus, Minh Duc Bui, and Peter Rutschmann. "Reservoir Sediment Management Using Artificial Neural Networks: A Case Study of the Lower Section of the Alpine Saalach River." Water 13, no. 6 (March 16, 2021): 818. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w13060818.

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Reservoir sedimentation is a critical issue worldwide, resulting in reduced storage volumes and, thus, reservoir efficiency. Moreover, sedimentation can also increase the flood risk at related facilities. In some cases, drawdown flushing of the reservoir is an appropriate management tool. However, there are various options as to how and when to perform such flushing, which should be optimized in order to maximize its efficiency and effectiveness. This paper proposes an innovative concept, based on an artificial neural network (ANN), to predict the volume of sediment flushed from the reservoir given distinct input parameters. The results obtained from a real-world study area indicate that there is a close correlation between the inputs—including peak discharge and duration of flushing—and the output (i.e., the volume of sediment). The developed ANN can readily be applied at the real-world study site, as a decision-support system for hydropower operators.

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Khakzad, Hamid, and Valery Ivanovich Elfimov. "Estimate of time required for environmentally friendly flushing in Dez dam reservoir." Water Practice and Technology 10, no. 1 (March 1, 2015): 73–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wpt.2015.010.

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Environmentally friendly flushing aims to send only the concentrations of the sediment that the environment can withstand. In this study, the time required for environmentally friendly flushing in Dez dam reservoir was estimated. For this purpose, the relationship between the concentration, duration, and scale of the severity of ill-effect for fish was considered. A study was conducted on Dez dam reservoir in Iran, where the average historical outflow from the dam, and the volume of sediment flushing was evaluated. According to this study, the dam is facing a serious sedimentation problem. Its dead volume is presumed to be quite full in the coming 10 years. Performing flushing operations through the three irrigation gates of the dam has received much more attention in recent years as compared to the past. The results from this study help us to determine the appropriate hydraulic conditions to decrease the negative environmental effects of Dez dam flushing operations on the downstream ecosystem.

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Khakzad, Hamid. "Repeated games for eco-friendly flushing in reservoirs." Water Practice and Technology 14, no. 3 (May 30, 2019): 530–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wpt.2019.037.

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Abstract Repeated games, an important mathematical formalism, open attractive perspectives in the modeling and studying of interactions between multiple self-interested parties (individuals or groups). The main conceptual difference between static, and repeated and dynamic games is that the former have a preset, finite number of turns, while the latter can potentially last forever and end only with a decision by a player, or by chance. Unlike previous surveys of repeated games, which originated mainly from the economics research community, the performances of repeated games were investigated in this study for evaluating the time required to flush a reservoir, taking account of water quantity and quality. A sediment-flushing model was developed to estimate the flushed sediment and water volumes, and operating period of flushing, to be taken into account in the reservoir simulation model. Dez Hydropower Reservoir in Iran was chosen as the case study for applying the proposed methodology. The results show that the methodology provides an effective and useful tool for reservoir operation.

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Huang, Jianchun, Blair Greimann, and Sean Kimbrel. "Simulation of Sediment Flushing in Paonia Reservoir of Colorado." Journal of Hydraulic Engineering 145, no. 12 (December 2019): 06019015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/(asce)hy.1943-7900.0001651.

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Hajiabadi, Reza, and Mahdi Zarghami. "Multi-Objective Reservoir Operation with Sediment Flushing; Case Study of Sefidrud Reservoir." Water Resources Management 28, no. 15 (October 13, 2014): 5357–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11269-014-0806-9.

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Guertault, L., B. Camenen, C. Peteuil, and A. Paquier. "Long term evolution of a dam reservoir subjected to regular flushing events." Advances in Geosciences 39 (April 1, 2014): 89–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/adgeo-39-89-2014.

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Abstract. An analysis of the long term morphological evolution of the Génissiat reservoir (France) is provided. First, a methodology for bathymetric data processing and reservoir sediment volume budget calculation is described. An estimation of global uncertainties in volume calculation is proposed. The reservoir bathymetric budget for several dam flushing events and interflush periods is presented, showing the global decrease of deposited sediment volume with time. The spatial dynamics of the reservoir subreaches is highlighted and typical patterns in flush and interflush periods are identified.

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Hsieh, Tung-Chou, Yan Ding, Keh-Chia Yeh, and Ren-Kai Jhong. "Investigation of Morphological Changes in the Tamsui River Estuary Using an Integrated Coastal and Estuarine Processes Model." Water 12, no. 4 (April 10, 2020): 1084. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w12041084.

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This study is to investigate morphological changes in the Tamsui River Estuary in Taiwan driven by multiple physical processes, such as river flows, tides, waves, and storm surges, and then to study the impacts of sediment flushing operated at the Shihmen reservoir upstream on the river estuary. An integrated coastal and estuarine processes model (CCHE2D-Coast) (Center for Computational Hydroscience and Engineering Two-Dimensional-Coast) was validated by simulating these physical processes in the estuary driven by three historical typhoons in 2008. The site-specifically validated model was then applied to simulate morphological changes in the estuary in response to reservoir sediment flush scenarios from the upstream. For the impact assessment of sediment flushing, a synthetic hydrological event was designed by including a historical typhoon and a typical monsoon. It was found that during the typhoon, the sediments will be mostly deposited in the estuarine river reach of Tamsui and the Wazihwei sandy beach. During the monsoon period, most of the sediments tend to be deposited in the second fishing port of Tamsui, the northern breakwater, and the estuary, while the Wazihwei sandy beach in the river mouth would be scoured by backflow. Simulations of the complex flow fields and morphological changes will facilitate the best practice of sediment management in the coastal and estuarine regions.

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Wu, Chia-Wen, Frederick N. F. Chou, and Fong-Zuo Lee. "Minimizing the impact of vacating instream storage of a multi-reservoir system: a trade-off study of water supply and empty flushing." Hydrology and Earth System Sciences 25, no. 4 (April 19, 2021): 2063–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/hess-25-2063-2021.

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Abstract. A reservoir operator does not favor storage above a certain level in situations such as the pre-release operation prior to a flood; scheduled engineering construction; or mechanical excavation of sediment in the impoundments, drawdown, and empty flushing, etc. This paper selects empty flushing as the case study, and a method is presented to promote the feasibility of emptying the reservoir storage. The impact of emptying reservoir on water supply is minimized through appropriate joint operation in a multi-reservoir system, where drawdown and empty flushing is carried out in a primary reservoir, and the other reservoir provides backup water for supply. This method prioritizes allocating the storage in the primary reservoir for water supply during specific periods prior to its emptying. If the storage of every reservoir achieves its predefined conditions, drawdown of the primary reservoir is activated and followed by empty flushing. Previously preserved storage in the other reservoir ensures adequate water supply during the periods of emptying the primary reservoir. Flushing of the primary reservoir is continued until either the accumulative released water exceeds the specified volume, storage in the backup reservoir drops below the predefined threshold, or the inflow to the primary reservoir recedes from the flood peak to be below the releasing capacity of outlets. This behavior is simulated and linked with a nonlinear optimization algorithm to calibrate the optimal parameters defining the activation and termination of empty flushing. The optimized strategy limits the incremental water shortage within the acceptable threshold and maximizes the expected benefits of emptying reservoir.

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Anari, Razieh, Rollin H. Hotchkiss, and Eddy Langendoen. "Elements for the Successful Computer Simulation of Sediment Management Strategies for Reservoirs." Water 12, no. 3 (March 5, 2020): 714. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w12030714.

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Computer simulation of reservoir sediment management strategies is becoming more important as worldwide water supply shrinks due to sediment deposition, while population growth continues. We identified the physical processes underlying each of the several alternatives available to transport incoming or deposited sediments downstream into receiving waters and the governing equations that describe each process. The purpose of this paper is to understand how physical characteristics of reservoir sediment management can be simulated with available computer codes. We described commonly available computer codes and their abilities to solve the appropriate equations in one, two, or three dimensions. The results revealed that one dimensional models are most appropriate for long-term simulations of the evolving reservoir bottom profile, while two or three dimensional codes are more appropriate for simulating density currents and detailed lateral movement of sediments, such as during local pressure flushing near reservoir outlets. We conclude that existing codes can successfully simulate sediment management, but because each code has limitations, they require seasoned judgment in their choice, application, and interpretation. Incorporating sediment prediction and management correctly into the planning, design, and operational phases of dam projects is essential for ensuring that the benefits of reservoir storage are sustained over the long term. The implications of our key findings are that sediment management strategies can be successfully simulated and that such simulations should be performed for our aging dams and newly proposed projects.

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Son, Kwang Ik, Man Ha Hwang, and Gyo Chang Son. "Efficiency of Flushing through a Sluice-Gated Weir." Advanced Materials Research 726-731 (August 2013): 3040–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.726-731.3040.

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The four major rivers restoration project (4MRRP) was carried out in Korea between Oct., 2009 and Sep., 2012. The major purposes and effects of the 4MRRP were flood control, safe water security and water quality improvement. For flood control, 450 million m3 of sediments were dredged with the reinforcement of 620 km-long old levees. Sixteen weirs were constructed and 93 reservoir banks were elevated for safe water security. Deformation of the main channels appeared to be inevitable because the longitudinal slope and cross section of the river had changed. In particular the construction of weirs could take the role of sediment detention ponds because the weirs will slow down the velocity and reduce the capability of sediment transportation. Therefore, it is crucial to determine how the siltation phenomena upstream of a weir can be fixed. This study examined the sluicing efficiency of the gate operation for the Gumi weir using 2-dimensional numerical simulations.

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A.Z, Abdul Razad, Abbas N.A, Mohd Sidek. L, Alexander J.L, and Jung K. "Sediment Management Strategies for Hydropower Reservoirs in Active Agricultural Area." International Journal of Engineering & Technology 7, no. 4.35 (November 30, 2018): 228. http://dx.doi.org/10.14419/ijet.v7i4.35.22737.

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Ringlet, Jor and Mahang reservoirs are part of Cameron Highlands – Batang Padang Hydroelectric Scheme. Conversion of forest to agricultural and urban area within the catchment has caused Ringlet Reservoir to suffer severe sedimentation problem and waste dumping. This has caused operational difficulties to the hydropower operator. Based on estimation, sediment inflow into Ringlet Reservoir has increased multiple folds from 25,000 m3/year in 1960s up to between 120,000 m3/year to 200,000 m3/year in 2010. This reduces the total storage capacity of Ringlet Reservoir to almost 50% of its original design value, and subsequently affects Jor and Mahang Reservoirs. Bertam Intake is often choked by the sediment built up within the area, thus limiting the running hours of the plant to generate electricity. Without sediment management strategies, the incoming sediment load into Ringlet Reservoir would increase tremendously and can cause the hydropower scheme to cease operation faster that its design life expectancy. Various mitigation strategies have been implemented such as dredging, construction of check dams and settling basins and flushing from the bottom outlet, resulting to an increase in storage. Despite these efforts which focus within the reservoir, the best solution is by control the sediment and waste at source, through the concept of an integrated catchment management. This requires concerted effort from the local authorities and public to ensure successful implementation. This paper outlines the methods, analyses and results of various mitigation strategies.

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SHIGE-EDA, Mirei, Juichiro AKIYAMA, and Shinya TAKASUKA. "PROCESS OF FLUSHING SEDIMENT THROUGH RESERVOIR AND THE NUMERICAL SIMULATION." PROCEEDINGS OF HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING 50 (2006): 931–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.2208/prohe.50.931.

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Kumar, Romesh, AHSAN UL HAQ, G. M. Bhat, Yudhbir Singh, and Javid Ahmed Dar. "Sediment Budget and Sediment Trap efficiency of Baglihar Hydroelectric project Reservoir – a calibrated model for prediction of longevity of the Dam." Journal of The Indian Association of Sedimentologists 38, no. 1 (June 30, 2021): 65–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.51710/jias.v38i1.173.

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The field investigation of the reservoir area of Baglihar Hydropower project shows that the sediment budget to the reservoir is controlled by fragile rock type like shales, sandstones, phyllites and slates, soil characteristics, steep hill slopes, rainfall and landslides. The rocks are highly weathered, fissile and micaceous in nature and very sensitive to water absorption. The analysed sediments are characterised by dominance of sands, silts and clays with lower values of plasticity (14.3PL), liquidity (23.5 LL), cohesion (118) and shear strength (202 Kpa). The slope wash deposits are highly susceptible to landslides and slope failures and directly contribute to the sediment budget in the reservoir. In addition tributaries of Chenab River also bring sediments in the reservoir from the catchment area. The empirical relationship for estimating the long-term reservoir trap efficiency for large storage based on correlation between the relative reservoir size and trap efficiency was simulated in 3D model which shows that the annual sediment trap efficiency of the Baglihar reservoir is of 0.39%. The extrapolation of the calculated values shows that the total sediment load shall increase by 11% in the next 30 years and 20% in the next 50 years and correspondingly 40% in the next 100 years that shall induce corresponding decrease in the reservoir volume over the time. By applying flushing schemes, life span of the reservoir can be extended. It is estimated that after 100 years the reservoir shall lose ~35.6% storage volume. On further extrapolation, the trap efficiency will decrease from 25.5% after 30 years to 23% after 100 years. The estimated trap efficiency of Baglihar reservoir is 60%, which is greater than that based on numerical results, showing a significant overestimation.

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Li, Xueying, Jun Qiu, Qianqian Shang, and Fangfang Li. "Simulation of Reservoir Sediment Flushing of the Three Gorges Reservoir Using an Artificial Neural Network." Applied Sciences 6, no. 5 (May 18, 2016): 148. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app6050148.

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29

Kan, Eduard, Aydar Nasrulin, and Galina Teplova. "The method of hydraulic flushing calculation of the reservoir of the "Indian type" hydrosystem." E3S Web of Conferences 264 (2021): 03023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202126403023.

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One of the main problems in the operation of hydrosystems for various purposes is the silting up of the reservoir. Silting up of a reservoir leads to a decrease in useful capacity. And, of course, the hydrosystem's facility will not be able to fully perform its functions. This issue is particularly relevant for territories located in the arid zone with transboundary rivers, whose water resources are used for industries with different types of water consumption (first of all, irrigation and energy). The most common type of cleaning of silted reservoirs currently used is hydraulic flushing. The advantages of this method are the simplicity of the technological process; the disadvantage is the large consumption of water for washing, which is especially important in conditions of constant shortage of water resources. A method for washing reservoirs of Indian-type hydrounits is proposed. The technique considers the characteristic design features of a particular hydroelectric complex, operating experience, and field research data (sediment characteristics). The proposed technique was applied at the Ravatkhodzha hydro complex.

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Umeda, S., and W. J. Yang. "A study on applications of intersecting flows in water reservoir for improvement of water environment problems." Research in Agricultural Engineering 54, No. 2 (June 24, 2008): 68–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/3106-rae.

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This paper deals with the applications of intersecting flows for the improvement of water environments in water reservoirs. First, the present authors’ research results are summarised for flow characteristics in intersecting channels placed in horizontal or vertical positions. All physical phenomena involved are identified and their mechanisms are explained. Subsequently, appropriate methods are obtained for solving the problems of stratified water and eutrophication in water reservoirs. A novel drainage system is developed and a particle ejection experiment for sediment flushing is investigated utilising a reservoir model with glass beads replacing sands. Flow visualisation and measurements are used in each experiment. The study has concluded that intersecting flows are suitable for solving water environment problems in water reservoirs.

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Baoligao, Baiyin, Fengran Xu, Xingru Chen, Xiuying Wang, and Wenxue Chen. "Acute impacts of reservoir sediment flushing on fishes in the Yellow River." Journal of Hydro-environment Research 13 (December 2016): 26–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jher.2015.11.003.

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32

Pisaturo, Giuseppe Roberto, Silvia Folegot, Andrea Menapace, and Maurizio Righetti. "Modelling fish habitat influenced by sediment flushing operations from an Alpine reservoir." Ecological Engineering 173 (December 2021): 106439. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ecoleng.2021.106439.

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Wang, Dangwei, Anjun Deng, Zuwen Ji, and Hongling Shi. "Siltation and Desilting Practices in A Runoff Reservoir on Heavy Sediment-Laden River." MATEC Web of Conferences 246 (2018): 01062. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/matecconf/201824601062.

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Sediment deposition in the reservoir of run-of-the-river power station is severe, in this paper we take upper Marsyangdi reservoir as an example to analyze sedimentation and desilting process according field data measured from September 2016 when the reservoir had just been impounded in order to find strategy for managing reservoir sedimentation. The ratio of Upper Marsyangdi reservoir capacity and volume of sediment into the reservoir is about 0.2. The reservoir arrived silt-stable in a year after impoundment with a depth of 12m deposition at the dam site. Most of sediment deposit in the periods that at the initial and the end of flood reason and it is found the flow rate is the key factor influencing trap efficiency because that due to damming velocity of medium flow decreased significantly compared to natural condition which caused numerous deposition. Based on result of analysis of deposition the desilting condition is determined. Empty flushing is proposed to release deposition after flood season when flow rate is greater than 100m3/s and the new capacity will last to next flood season. In order to reduce sediment concentration into diversion channel a desilting should be done in flood season when flow rate is larger than 200m3/s and flow rate for impound should not be more than 1/10 of that into reservoir which can avoid deposition during impoundment near dam site.

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Liu, Xu Chao, Li Li Dong, Jian Han, and Xue Mei Zhou. "Water Diversion and Sediment Prevention of Head Complex of CCS Hydropower Station." Applied Mechanics and Materials 438-439 (October 2013): 849–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.438-439.849.

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Low dam of the head complex of CCS hydropower station results in its small capacity, in order to reduce the wear of turbines, higher requirement is demanded for the head complex design. Water diversion and sediment prevention system design together with general layout of the project, a forward flushing, flood discharging, lateral intaking system is formed. The basic purpose of reducing sediment diversion is reached by the comprehensive measures of interception, sedimentation, ejection, combined with reasonable reservoir operation scheduling system.

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SUMI, Tetsuya, Mitsuhiro MURASAKI, Kiyokazu FUJINAGA, Hiroshi NAGURA, and Haruo TAMAKI. "STUDY ON MEASUREMENT OF EROSION-DEPOSITION PROCESS OF RESERVOIR SEDIMENT DURING FLUSHING OPERATION." PROCEEDINGS OF HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING 48 (2004): 1147–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.2208/prohe.48.1147.

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36

Quadroni, S., M. L. Brignoli, G. Crosa, G. Gentili, F. Salmaso, S. Zaccara, and P. Espa. "Effects of sediment flushing from a small Alpine reservoir on downstream aquatic fauna." Ecohydrology 9, no. 7 (January 29, 2016): 1276–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/eco.1725.

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37

Iqbal, Munawar, Abdul Razzaq Ghumman, Sajjad Haider, Hashim Nisar Hashmi, and Muhammad Adnan Khan. "Application of Godunov Type 2D Model for Simulating Sediment Flushing in a Reservoir." Arabian Journal for Science and Engineering 44, no. 5 (June 15, 2018): 4289–307. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s13369-018-3381-1.

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38

Reiterer, Kevin, Thomas Gold, Helmut Habersack, Christoph Hauer, and Christine Sindelar. "Experimental Study at the Reservoir Head of Run-of-River Hydropower Plants in Gravel Bed Rivers. Part II: Effects of Reservoir Flushing on Delta Degradation." Water 12, no. 11 (October 29, 2020): 3038. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w12113038.

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Run-of-river hydropower plants (RoR HPPs) are capable of interrupting the sediment connectivity of many alpine rivers. Still, there is a lack of systematical investigations of possible sediment management strategies for small and medium sized RoR HPPs. This study deals with the headwater section of an impoundment and the approach of sediment remobilization during drawdown operations. Therefore, a typical medium sized gravel bed river having a width of 20 m, a mean bed slope of 0.005, a mean flow rate of 22 m3/s, and a 1-year flood flow of 104 m3/s is recreated by a 1:20 scaled physical model. Heterogenous sediment mixtures were used under mobile-bed conditions, representing a range of 14–120 mm in nature. During the experiments, the flow rate was set to be 70% of the 1-year flood (HQ1) regarding on the ability to mobilize all sediment fractions. The possibility to remobilize delta depositions by (partial) drawdown flushing within a reasonable period (≈9 h in 1:1 scale) was shown by the results. The erosion of existing headwater delta deposition was found to be retrogressive and twice as fast as the preceding delta formation process. A spatiotemporal erosion scheme points out these findings. This supports the strategy of a reservoir drawdown at flood events of high reoccurrence rate.

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39

Esmaeili, Taymaz, Tetsuya Sumi, Sameh Kantoush, Yoji Kubota, Stefan Haun, and Nils Rüther. "Three-Dimensional Numerical Study of Free-Flow Sediment Flushing to Increase the Flushing Efficiency: A Case-Study Reservoir in Japan." Water 9, no. 11 (November 19, 2017): 900. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w9110900.

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40

Coleman, Daniel, and Simon Williams. "Mobilising fine sediment in a highly regulated upland snowmelt river using hydrological scaled experimental floods." Marine and Freshwater Research 68, no. 1 (2017): 146. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/mf15231.

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Significant water diversion, flow variability, and the lack of high flow events can result in altered channel surfaces and morphology through the accumulation of fine sediments within the riverbed. Mitigation of this issue using environmental water often involves single large annual flushing floods as peak discharge is often regarded as the critical hydrological metric for river habitat recovery. We assess the performance of a hydrological scaled flow strategy of five intra-annual experimental floods to mobilise fine sediment below a large reservoir in the Snowy River, Australia. Suspended sediment was measured using a high frequency sampling regime; before, during and post-flood along a longitudinal gradient of 2.2, 24 and 92km. Substantial sediment loads and high peak total suspended solid (TSS) concentrations were produced by the five experimental floods. The first (61.7m3s–1) and fourth (largest at 148.5m3s–1) experimental floods were by far the most effective, producing more than 70% of the total sediment load at each site. The effectiveness of each experimental flood was related to the peak discharge rate, time since flood, and the magnitude increase from the previous event. This study illustrates how a hydrological scaled flood regime can produce effective fine sediment mobilisation within the channel of a highly regulated lotic system.

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Sisinggih, Dian, Sri Wahyuni, Rizhandi Nugroho, Fahmi Hidayat, and Kurdi Idi Rahman. "Sediment transport functions in HEC-RAS 4.0 and their evaluation using data from sediment flushing of Wlingi reservoir - Indonesia." IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 437 (February 11, 2020): 012014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/437/1/012014.

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42

Espa, Paolo, Ramon J. Batalla, Maria Laura Brignoli, Giuseppe Crosa, Gaetano Gentili, and Silvia Quadroni. "Tackling reservoir siltation by controlled sediment flushing: Impact on downstream fauna and related management issues." PLOS ONE 14, no. 6 (June 24, 2019): e0218822. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0218822.

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43

SUMI, Tetsuya, Mitsuhiro MURASAKI, Hiroshi NAGURA, Haruo TAMAKI, and Takahiro IMAKI. "STUDY ON MEASUREMENT OF EROSION-DEPOSITION PROCESS OF RESERVOIR SEDIMENT DURING FLUSHING OPERATION (PART 2)." PROCEEDINGS OF HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING 49 (2005): 1033–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.2208/prohe.49.1033.

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44

Chen, Ching-Nuo, and Chih-Heng Tsai. "Estimating Sediment Flushing Efficiency of a Shaft Spillway Pipe and Bed Evolution in a Reservoir." Water 9, no. 12 (November 28, 2017): 924. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w9120924.

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45

Espa, Paolo, Elena Castelli, Giuseppe Crosa, and Gaetano Gentili. "Environmental Effects of Storage Preservation Practices: Controlled Flushing of Fine Sediment from a Small Hydropower Reservoir." Environmental Management 52, no. 1 (June 4, 2013): 261–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00267-013-0090-0.

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46

Bazarov, Dilshod, Irina Markova, Sukhrob Umarov, Khumoyun Raimov, and Azizali Kurbanov. "Deep deformations of the upper stream of a low-pressure reservoir." E3S Web of Conferences 264 (2021): 03001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202126403001.

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The article presents the results of the analysis of the deep deformations of the Amu Darya riverbed in the upper reaches of the low-pressure reservoir. The analysis of the combined transverse profiles of the riverbed in different sections of the upper reaches of the Takhiatash reservoir showed that the coastal zones are most intensively silted up. At the same time, the core zone with the highest flow rates is very weakly declared. The height of the silting layer along the length of the upper stream increases in the direction of the dam. The silting area extends upstream for a length 2-3 times longer than the length of the soundings section, which is 17.5 km. To ensure the normal operation of the hydraulic system, it is recommended that conditions should be created for a normal and stable approach of the flow to the hydraulic system, which should be ensured by maneuvering the shield holes. To do this, it is necessary to create conditions for the erosion of the left-bank spillway by increasing the water flow through the extreme left-bank discharge holes. Flushing of the upper left-bank section of the river should continue until the optimal width of the leading channel is reached, which provides the main flow of the stream in front of the structure. It is proved that the formation and development of sediment deposits on the right bank between sections 8-10 leads to a change in the flow correction and creates conditions for the formation of shoals in front of the regulator of the Kizketken channel, which can complicate the operation of the water intake zone. Therefore, it is necessary to take measures to prevent the development of the right-bank channel, and the development of the channel should go from the main channel. As shown by monitoring operating mode Takhiatash waterworks, in the Takhiatash district waterworks intensive processes the channel formation, which has a strong influence on the operational mode of the dam, especially in the operation of the water intakes flushing of sediments, skip flood costs through the shields of the dam and the stability of structures.

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Isaac, Neena, T. I. Eldho, and I. D. Gupta. "Numerical and physical model studies for hydraulic flushing of sediment from Chamera-II reservoir, Himachal Pradesh, India." ISH Journal of Hydraulic Engineering 20, no. 1 (August 2013): 14–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/09715010.2013.821788.

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SHIGE-EDA, Mirei, Juichiro AKIYAMA, Takahiro KOMAKI, and Yasuhiro SAIKI. "NUMERICAL SIMULATIONS OF CHANNEL FROMATION PROCESS DURING FLUSHING SEDIMENT THROUGH THE RESERVOIR USING 2D BED VARIATION MODEL." PROCEEDINGS OF HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING 51 (2007): 949–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.2208/prohe.51.949.

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49

Shokri, Ashkan, Omid Bozorg Haddad, and Miguel A. Mariño. "Reservoir Operation for Simultaneously Meeting Water Demand and Sediment Flushing: Stochastic Dynamic Programming Approach with Two Uncertainties." Journal of Water Resources Planning and Management 139, no. 3 (May 2013): 277–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/(asce)wr.1943-5452.0000244.

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Espa, Paolo, Maria Laura Brignoli, Giuseppe Crosa, Gaetano Gentili, and Silvia Quadroni. "Controlled sediment flushing at the Cancano Reservoir (Italian Alps): Management of the operation and downstream environmental impact." Journal of Environmental Management 182 (November 2016): 1–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jenvman.2016.07.021.

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Journal articles on the topic 'Reservoir sediment flushing'

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