Dissertations / Theses: 'Residential characteristics'

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Beck, Jason S. "THREE ESSAYS ON RESIDENTIAL REAL ESTATE BROKERAGE." UKnowledge, 2009. http://uknowledge.uky.edu/gradschool_diss/754.

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The first essay investigates how individual characteristics influence sales outcomes for houses they help transact. It develops hedonic housing models to assess the impacts of agent characteristics such as the level of recent and concurrent agent activity on sales outcomes (price and time on market). This is done in a Multiple Listing Service (MLS) setting using seven years of data obtained from a large Midwestern city. I find evidence that more active listing agents sell homes more quickly, though they do so to the detriment of final sales price. I also find that more listings concurrently held by agents have a statistically significant, negative effect on price. Selling agents appear to be quite neutral in the process and have little effect on either sales price or time on market. The second essay defines market concentrations of residential real estate brokerage services across one hundred diverse U.S. markets. Since real estate is immobile, each geographical location constitutes a local market and thus national measures of market concentration, of the type espoused by the National Association of Realtors (NAR), are of little value. The only way to get a meaningful picture of the market in general is to collectively examine observations at the city/town level. Once indices of concentration are obtained, it may be possible to get a sense of minimum and maximum scale efficiencies as well as what market specific characteristics give rise to high or low concentrations. The third essay examines the “just-below” pricing strategy in the context of home sales. Many retailers price their goods/services directly below some round amount (i.e. pricing at $2.99 instead of $3.00) and a number of studies document the effectiveness of this strategy on the demand for relatively inexpensive items (clothing, groceries, small appliances, etc). A lesser developed strand of literature examines the prevalence and effectiveness of just-below pricing in the context of larger purchases, namely real estate. This essay affirms the prevalence of just-below pricing in home transactions and finds evidence that just-below pricing can yield a higher final transaction price compared to homes initially priced on an even price point.

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Gorske, Tad T. "Adolescents in residential treatment characteristics and treatment outcome." Morgantown, W. Va. : [West Virginia University Libraries], 1999. http://etd.wvu.edu/templates/showETD.cfm?recnum=828.

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Thesis (Ph. D.)--West Virginia University, 1999.
Title from document title page. Document formatted into pages; contains v, 125 p. Vita. Includes abstract. Includes bibliographical references (p. 104-112).

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Li, Yanmei. "The dynamic interaction between residential mortgage foreclosure, neighborhood characteristics, and neighborhood change." Columbus, Ohio : Ohio State University, 2006. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc%5Fnum=osu1155522566.

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He, Congrong. "Airborne Particles in Indoor Residential Environment: Source Contribution, Characteristics, Concentration, and Time Variability." Queensland University of Technology, 2005. http://eprints.qut.edu.au/16017/.

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The understanding of human exposure to indoor particles of all sizes is important to enable exposure control and reduction, but especially for smaller particles since the smaller particles have a higher probability of penetration into the deeper parts of the respiratory tract and also contain higher levels of trace elements and toxins. Due to the limited understanding of the relationship between particle size and the health effects they cause, as well as instrument limitations, the available information on submicrometer (d < 1.0 µm) particles indoors, both in terms of mass and number concentrations, is still relatively limited. This PhD project was conducted as part of the South-East Queensland Air Quality program and Queensland Housing Study aimed at providing a better understanding of ambient particle concentrations within the indoor environment with a focus on exposure assessment and control. This PhD project was designed to investigate comprehensively the sources and sinks of indoor aerosol particles and the relationship between indoor and outdoor aerosol particles, particle and gaseous pollutant, as well as the association between indoor air pollutants and house characteristics by using, analysing and interpreting existing experimental data which were collected before this project commenced, as well as data from additional experiments which were designed and conducted for the purpose of this project. The focus of this research was on submicrometer particles with a diameter between 0.007 - 0.808 µm. The main outcome of this project may be summarised as following: * A comprehensive review of particle concentration levels and size distributions characteristics in the residential and non-industrial workplace environments was conducted. This review included only those studies in which more general trends were investigated, or could be concluded based on information provided in the papers. This review included four parts: 1) outdoor particles and their effect on indoor environments; 2) the relationship between indoor and outdoor concentration levels in the absence of indoor sources for naturally ventilated buildings; 3) indoor sources of particles: contribution to indoor concentration levels and the effect on I/O ratios for naturally ventilated buildings; and 4) indoor/outdoor relationship in mechanically ventilated buildings. * The relationship between indoor and outdoor airborne particles was investigated for sixteen residential houses in Brisbane, Australia, in the absence of operating indoor sources. Comparison of the ratios of indoor to outdoor particle concentrations revealed that while temporary values of the ratio vary in a broad range from 0.2 to 2.5 for both lower and higher ventilation conditions, average values of the ratios were very close to one regardless of ventilation conditions and of particle size range. The ratios were in the range from 0.78 to 1.07 for submicrometer particles, from 0.95 to 1.0 for supermicrometer particles and from 1.01 to 1.08 for PM2.5 fraction. Comparison of the time series of indoor to outdoor particle concentrations showed a clear positive relationship existing for many houses under normal ventilation conditions (estimated to be about and above 2 h-1), but not under minimum ventilation conditions (estimated to be about and below 1 h-1). These results suggest that for normal ventilation conditions and in the absence of operating indoor sources, outdoor particle concentrations could be used to predict instantaneous indoor particle concentrations but not for minium ventilation, unless air exchange rate is known, thus allowing for estimation of the "delay constant". * Diurnal variation of indoor submicrometer particle number and particle mass (approximation of PM2.5) concentrations was investigated in fifteen of the houses. The results show that there were clear diurnal variations in both particle number and approximation of PM2.5 concentrations, for all the investigated houses. The pattern of diurnal variations varied from house to house, however, there was always a close relationship between the concentration and human indoor activities. The average number and mass concentrations during indoor activities were (18.2±3.9)×10³ particles cm-³ and (15.5±7.9) µg m-³ respectively, and under non-activity conditions, (12.4±2.7)x10³ particles cm-³ (11.1±2.6) µg m-³, respectively. In general, there was a poor correlation between mass and number concentrations and the correlation coefficients were highly variable from day to day and from house to house. This implies that conclusions cannot be drawn about either one of the number or mass concentration characteristics of indoor particles, based on measurement of the other. The study also showed that it is unlikely that particle concentrations indoors could be represented by measurements conducted at a fixed monitoring station due to the large impact of indoor and local sources. * Emission characteristics of indoor particle sources in fourteen residential houses were quantified. In addition, characterizations of particles resulting from cooking conducted in an identical way in all the houses were measured. All the events of elevated particle concentrations were linked to indoor activities using house occupants diary entries, and catalogued into 21 different types of indoor activities. This enabled quantification of the effect of indoor sources on indoor particle concentrations as well as quantification of emission rates from the sources. For example, the study found that frying, grilling, stove use, toasting, cooking pizza, smoking, candle vaporizing eucalyptus oil and fan heater use, could elevate the indoor submicrometer particle number concentration levels by more than 5 times, while PM2.5 concentrations could be up to 3, 30 and 90 times higher than the background levels during smoking, frying and grilling, respectively. * Indoor particle deposition rates of size classified particles in the size range from 0.015 to 6 µm were quantified. Particle size distribution resulting from cooking, repeated under two different ventilation conditions in 14 houses, as well as changes to particle size distribution as a function of time, were measured using a scanning mobility particle sizer (SMPS), an aerodynamic particle sizer (APS), and a DustTrak. Deposition rates were determined by regression fitting of the measured size-resolved particle number and PM2.5 concentration decay curves, and accounting for air exchange rate. The measured deposition rates were shown to be particle size dependent and they varied from house to house. The lowest deposition rates were found for particles in the size range from 0.2 to 0.3 µm for both minimum (air exchange rate: 0.61±0.45 h-1) and normal (air exchange rate: 3.00±1.23 h-1) ventilation conditions. The results of statistical analysis indicated that ventilation condition (measured in terms of air exchange rate) was an important factor affecting deposition rates for particles in the size range from 0.08 to 1.0 µm, but not for particles smaller than 0.08 µm or larger than 1.0 µm. Particle coagulation was assessed to be negligible compared to the two other processes of removal: ventilation and deposition. This study of particle deposition rates, the largest conducted so far in terms of the number of residential houses investigated, demonstrated trends in deposition rates comparable with studies previously reported, usually for significantly smaller samples of houses (often only one). However, the results compare better with studies which, similarly to this study, investigated cooking as a source of particles (particle sources investigated in other studies included general activity, cleaning, artificial particles, etc). * Residential indoor and outdoor 48 h average levels of nitrogen dioxide (NO2), 48h indoor submicrometer particle number concentration and the approximation of PM2.5 concentrations were measured simultaneously for fourteen houses. Statistical analyses of the correlation between indoor and outdoor pollutants (NO2 and particles) and the association between house characteristics and indoor pollutants were conducted. The average indoor and outdoor NO2 levels were 13.8 ± 6.3 ppb and 16.7 ± 4.2 ppb, respectively. The indoor/outdoor NO2 concentration ratio ranged from 0.4 to 2.3, with a median value of 0.82. Despite statistically significant correlations between outdoor and fixed site NO2 monitoring station concentrations (p = 0.014, p = 0.008), there was no significant correlation between either indoor and outdoor NO2 concentrations (p = 0.428), or between indoor and fixed site NO2 monitoring station concentrations (p = 0.252, p = 0.465,). However, there was a significant correlation between indoor NO2 concentration and indoor submicrometer aerosol particle number concentrations (p = 0.001), as well as between indoor PM2.5 and outdoor NO2 (p = 0.004). These results imply that the outdoor or fixed site monitoring concentration alone is a poor predictor of indoor NO2 concentration. * Analysis of variance indicated that there was no significant association between indoor PM2.5 and any of the house characteristics investigated (p > 0.05). However, associations between indoor submicrometer particle number concentration and some house characteristics (stove type, water heater type, number of cars and condition of paintwork) were significant at the 5% level. Associations between indoor NO2 and some house characteristics (house age, stove type, heating system, water heater type and floor type) were also significant (p < 0.05). The results of these analyses thus strongly suggest that the gas stove, gas heating system and gas water heater system are main indoor sources of indoor submicrometer particle and NO2 concentrations in the studied residential houses. The significant contributions of this PhD project to the knowledge of indoor particle included: 1) improving an understanding of indoor particles behaviour in residential houses, especially for submicrometer particle; 2) improving an understanding of indoor particle source and indoor particle sink characteristics, as well as their effects on indoor particle concentration levels in residential houses; 3) improving an understanding of the relationship between indoor and outdoor particles, the relationship between particle mass and particle number, correlation between indoor NO2 and indoor particles, as well as association between indoor particle, NO2 and house characteristics.

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Christenberry, Thomas Catron. "Characteristics of Residential Adult Learning in the FBI National Academy Learning Environment and the Impact on Participant's Attitude of Satisfaction." Diss., Virginia Tech, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/29100.

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Using the Federal Bureau of Investigation's (FBI) 212 th session of the National Academy, a residential adult learning environment, as a case study and the 1996 research on participant's perception of residential adult learning environments by Dr. Jean Anderson Fleming, this study examined the relationship among the characteristics (overarching themes: detachment and continuity and descriptive themes: building relationships in residence, learning in residence, and individual change in residence) and how this relationship impacts the participant's attitude of satisfaction with the program. A 33-item Likert scale, developed by the researcher, was used to collect the data from 244 police officers and the Kropp-Verner Attitude Scale was used for measuring the overall participant attitude of satisfaction with the residential learning environment. Demographic data were also collected from the participants to provide an overall profile of the respondents and each police officer had the opportunity to respond to an open-ended question at the end of the survey. Six hypotheses formed the basis of the study and were investigated through bivariate and multivariate analysis. Univariate analysis was used to describe and summarize the collected demographic data, as well as the frequency responses to each statement by the participants, while multivariate analysis was used to determine the best model for the prediction of satisfaction. Positive relationships existed between each of the five independent variables (detachment, continuity, building relationships in residence, learning in residence, and individual change in residence) and the dependent variable, satisfaction. The overarching themes of detachment and continuity were combined to form a new variable, DECONTI. Individually, (bivariate regression) DECONTI was the most significant predictor of satisfaction, while building relationships in residence exhibited no significance. Multivariate analysis (standard and stepwise regression) suggested that the model of DECONTI, learning in residence, and individual change was the best predictor of satisfaction. The analysis of the characteristics of residential adult learning environments and their impact on participant satisfaction was quantitatively supported in this study. The results of this study supported the assertions of Fleming, the literature, and the research questions, while offering new observations and insights into the effectiveness of residential adult learning environments.
Ph. D.

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Middleton, Harriett M. "A study of psycho-social environmental characteristics of community residential facilities for psychiatrically impaired individuals." DigitalCommons@Robert W. Woodruff Library, Atlanta University Center, 1986. http://digitalcommons.auctr.edu/dissertations/3442.

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This is a descriptive study of psycho-social environmental characteristics of community residential facilities which are used to house and treat former psychiatric patients in the community setting. The purpose of this study was to determine the adequacy and appropriateness of the community residential facilities available to this population. The Community-Oriented Program Environment Scale (COPES), was administered to staff at four community residential facilities in South Central Alabama. These homes were specifically designed to serve the needs of deinstitutionalized psychiatrically impaired individuals in our society. The results of this investigation revealed a high degree of diversity in the program operations of the commu nity residential facilities participating in this study. The researcher also found that there is a lack of consistency in the way different staff members, employed by the same agency, preceived their program orientation and opera tions. The results also indicated very few community residences are providing the ideal psycho-social environment for former psychiatric patients.

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Toomhirun, Sontichai. "Study of residential demand for electricity as functions of load control schemes and dwelling characteristics." Thesis, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, 1987. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/80046.

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Residential demand is a large and important factor of the utility load during the system peak period. And the control of residential demand can make a significant change to the system load of the utility. This research is designed to study the residential end-use appliances under various direct load control schemes. These appliances are water heaters, air conditioners, and space heaters which are the major electrical demand of the residential load. The study will apply the LOADSIM, an Electrical Power Research Institute (EPRI) load simulation program, to conduct load control strategies of these residential appliances. The LOADSIM program can be applied both for cycling and shedding control strategies during a specified control period. In this study, the cycling control is done on an air conditioner and space heater. The water heating control is performed under shedding strategy. The research has studied the appliance use of four house types under the same weather and control conditions. A total of 100,000 houses have been used in the study. These houses have the same dwelling and appliance characteristics but their house insulations are different. Diversity in house insulations gives different results in terms of load reduction and temperature change due to the load control. For example, a better-insulated house demands less electricity for its appliance than a low-insulated house. This study also uses the EPRl-LOADSIM program to estimate the load reduction and temperature change of each house type under the load control.
Master of Science

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Dahlkvist, Eva. "The Garden/Patio in Residential Care Facilities for Older People : Characteristics and the Users Perspectives." Licentiate thesis, Örebro universitet, Institutionen för hälsovetenskap och medicin, 2015. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:oru:diva-44764.

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Frensley, B. Troy. "Investigating the links between lesson characteristics, student engagement, and outcomes at a residential environmental education program." Diss., Virginia Tech, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/83826.

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This dissertation investigates the links between lesson characteristics, student engagement, self-determination, and environmental literacy outcomes at a residential environmental education (EE) program. I developed a novel methodology using observations of 81 lessons at the study site to isolate the characteristics hypothesized to influence student engagement, self-determination, and outcomes of environmental literacy. Student surveys provided self-reported data on student engagement, selfdetermination, and environmental literacy. Mixed-methods analyses allowed me to explore these links within the 81 lessons observed in this case study. The results are organized into five chapters: an introduction chapter; three manuscripts planned for stand-alone publication (Chapters 2 - 4); and a conclusion chapter. Chapter 2 reports on the links between student engagement, self-determination, and environmental literacy. Chapter 3 provides insights on the links between the lesson characteristics (e.g., educator characteristics, teaching approaches, and schoolteacher/chaperone behaviors) and environmental literacy outcomes. Chapter 4 investigates the degree to which measures of student engagement, observed or self-reported, are associated with environmental literacy outcomes. Chapter 5 summarizes the findings from this study and presents additional analyses intended to fully synthesize the links between lesson characteristics, student engagement, self-determination, and environmental literacy. This study provides a novel methodology and survey items that may be of use to both practitioners and researchers. This research offers useful information about why and how EE works in this case and some of the specific characteristics and practices that engender positive environmental literacy outcomes.
Ph. D.

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Basaib, Ridhwan. "The growth and characteristics of peri-urban communities : a case study in Jakarta, Indonesia /." Thesis, This resource online, 1991. http://scholar.lib.vt.edu/theses/available/etd-08222009-040235/.

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Backus, David Haskins II. "Demographic and psychological characteristics associated with level of success in a residential program for homeless, employed adults." Diss., The University of Arizona, 1995. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/187354.

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Fifty-two consecutive homeless volunteers entering a Tucson, Arizona, subsidized communal living and support program over a one-year period were administered psychological, personality, and performance tests over a four-month period. There were three possible Residence Outcome Types: (1) Completers (N = 15)--those subjects remaining in residence in the program for at least 120 days; (2) "Voluntary Exiters" (N = 13)--those exiting the program in good standing after less than 120 days in residence; and (3) "Involuntary Exiters" (N = 24)--those who were mandatorily ejected from the program due to substance abuse (N = 13) or other serious breach of program rules (N = 11) (such as failing to maintain employment or pay bills), after fewer than 120 days in residence. Voluntary Exiters appeared the least psychologically impaired, most self-directed, most socially and personally independent, and less likely to be assessed as schizophrenic than the other two outcome types. Completers, compared to Involuntary Exiters, did not abuse substances, and had superior persistence in residence (120+ days) to both Voluntary Exiters (65 days) and Involuntary Exiters (58 days). The three Residence Outcome Types had in common very high F (unusual experiences), PD (psychopathic deviate), and high PA (Paranoia) scores on their initial MMPIs.

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Elgin, Joanna Elizabeth. "The Impact of Neighbourhood Characteristics and Support on Well-being, Housing Satisfaction, and Residential Stability for People with a Mental Illness." Thesis, University of Canterbury. Health Sciences Centre, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10092/5658.

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The global burden of disease attributable to mental illness is high, and as a result people with serious mental illness are at greater risk of indicators of social exclusion, such as poverty, homelessness and social isolation. Since deinstitutionalisation began in the 1960s, a variety of housing and support models have been used for this group. „Housing first‟ models are proving superior to „continuum of care‟ models in achieving positive housing outcomes and improving indicators of social exclusion. Housing first programmes are also believed to be more effective as they offer consumers choice, are not contingent on treatment, and are, therefore, empowering and philosophically compatible with harm reduction and recovery approaches. The physical and social environments have also been found to influence housing satisfaction and well-being outcomes for this group, but are often poorly measured or inadequately defined in the few studies which have been conducted. As little recent New Zealand research has examined housing, support and environmental effects for people with serious mental illness, this twelve-month prospective cohort study provides a more current account of the experiences of this group. Thirty six participants were recruited from a group of people with serious mental illness referred to the Comcare Housing Service for assistance to obtain independent, community-based housing. An examination of the variables influencing housing and overall well-being ratings was conducted. Peace and Kell's (2001) sustainability framework, outlining four categories of resources required for this group to maintain housing, was also evaluated. The results demonstrate the success of housing support in improving outcomes for people with serious mental illness, particularly in terms of improved housing quality and satisfaction, and residential stability. They also provide further evidence that this group have high rates of homelessness and are frequently in situations where they are at risk of homelessness. The physical environment appeared to have little influence on housing satisfaction or other well-being measures, however, the social environment seemed to play a role in higher ratings on these outcomes. Participants rehoused by Comcare Housing reported higher housing satisfaction and fewer housing problems, indicating that the service was providing effective housing support. Peace and Kell‟s framework is a good model for conceptualising housing for this group, although environmental and neighbourhood effects need to be included in the model in order for it to have international applicability. The omission of those at risk of homelessness from the New Zealand definition is a serious concern and has policy implications as support to address housing issues for this group may be neglected due to their invisibility in the statistics.

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Alanezi, Abdulrahman Mubarak Q. "Automated Residential Energy Audits and Savings Measurements Using A Smart WiFi Thermostat Enabled Data Mining Approach." University of Dayton / OhioLINK, 2021. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=dayton1618349179314704.

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Atala, Rogerio Calil Haddad. "Hierarquização dos atributos de localização e de características de moradia considerados nos processos de escolhas residenciais de moradores da cidade de São Paulo." Universidade de São Paulo, 2018. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/3/3153/tde-19092018-075626/.

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Este trabalho discorrerá sobre a análise comportamental das famílias quanto aos seus anseios relacionados aos atributos de localização e de características de moradia na cidade de São Paulo quando submetidos a processos de escolhas múltiplas para futura residência, tendo como resultado a hierarquização dos atributos escolhidos em grau de importância. Para a análise dos anseios das famílias foram utilizados questionários enviados por e-mail a clientes que adquiriram apartamentos de uma incorporadora na cidade de São Paulo ou que visitaram seus stands de vendas, totalizando 103 respondentes. O banco de dados fornecido pela incorporadora era composto por nome, endereço residencial, endereço de e-mail, idade, renda familiar. Estes questionários tiveram como base os artigos de MONTGOMERY e CURTIS(2006) e WIDMANN E KELLY (2011) e foram distribuídos ao público por intermédio da plataforma Survey Monkey . As perguntas foram baseadas em variáveis de atributos de localização e de características de moradia, segundo BURGESS E SKELTYS (1992). Quanto ao público, as perguntas foram em relação à estrutura familiar, a localização da sua residência atual, idade e faixa de renda. Os resultados estão apresentados por meio de gráficos demonstrando as preferências de cada público identificado, estratificando-o segundo às suas estruturas familiares e idades, faixa etária e por fim renda familiar em relação aos atributos elencados na fase de elaboração do questionário. Espera-se com esta dissertação entender os anseios das famílias residentes da cidade de São Paulo quanto as suas prioridades no que diz respeito às escolhas de características de moradia e de localização. Como produto final do trabalho disponibilizar dados, informações e recomendações que possam ser utilizados em pesquisas futuras, atendendo às necessidades dos desenvolvedores de produtos imobiliários, profissionais de marketing e da área de real state .
This paper will discuss the behavioral analysis of the families regarding their desires related to the attributes of location and characteristics of housing in the city of São Paulo when submitted to multiple choice processes for future residence, resulting in the hierarchy of the attributes chosen in degree of importance. In order to analyze the families\' wishes, questionnaires were sent by e-mail to clients who purchased apartments from a developer in the city of São Paulo or who visited their sales stands, totaling 103 respondents. The database provided by the developer was composed of name, home address, e-mail address, age, family income. These questionnaires were based on the articles by MONTGOMERY and CURTIS (2006) and WIDMANN AND KELLY (2011) and were distributed to the public through the Survey Monkey platform. The questions were based on variables of location attributes and housing characteristics, according to BURGESS AND SKELTYS (1992). As for the public, the questions were in relation to the family structure, the location of his current residence, age and income range. The results are presented through graphs showing the preferences of each identified audience, stratifying it according to their family structures and ages, age group and finally family income in relation to the attributes listed in the questionnaire elaboration phase. It is hoped that this dissertation will understand the aspirations of the families living in the city of São Paulo, as well as their priorities regarding the choice of characteristics of housing and location. As the final product of the work, provide data, information and recommendations that can be used in future research, meeting the needs of developers of real estate products, marketing professionals and real estate professionals.

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O'Connor, Natasha. "The Correlation Among Personality Characteristics, Stress, and Coping of Caregivers of Individuals with Intellectual and Developmental Disabilities." ScholarWorks, 2015. https://scholarworks.waldenu.edu/dissertations/1546.

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There is little research on the coping strategies of direct support professional caregivers working with the intellectually disabled (ID) and developmentally disabled (DD). The study was guided by Lazarus and Folkman's (1984) theory of the transactional model of stress and coping. The purpose of this study was to assess whether there is a correlation among the independent variables of coping and personality characteristics with stress as the dependent variable. A convenience sample of 69 professional caregivers was used. Data were collected using the Ways of Coping Questionnaire, Perceived Stress Scale, NEO-FFI-3, and a demographic questionnaire. A correlational analysis was conducted to assess the variables. Findings revealed a moderate correlation between confrontive coping and stress while the coping styles of distancing, self-controlling, and seeking social support were weakly correlated with stress. Additional results were a strong correlation between neuroticism and stress and a moderate correlation between conscientiousness and stress. Furthermore, a multiple regression analysis was conducted to determine if neuroticism, conscientiousness, and extroversion could predict stress. The analysis indicated that the variance in stress was predicted by neuroticism. Recommendations for future research include using a larger sample size, controlling for selection bias, and examining which coping styles are more useful in coping with stressful situations. A longitudinal design to examine cause and effect is also recommended. This study provides insight into the way professional caregivers cope with stress and the results can be used to develop a screening tool.

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Hermant, Laurent Fernand Leon. "Morning peak period travel characteristics of a residential suburb in Cape Town during a school and holiday period : what lessons can we learn?" Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/20443.

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Thesis (MScEng)--University of Stellenbosch, 2008.
ENGLISH ABSTRACT: It is argued that an understanding of variability is central to the modelling of travel behaviour and the assessment of policy impacts and is not the peripheral issue that it has often been considered. There is a growing need to assess multi-day data to assess the distribution of user charges for road pricing, or patterns of public transport usage as well as improve the ability to identify mechanisms behind travel behaviour for modelling purposes. Drawing on studies worldwide, in conjunction with a review of the literature, the thesis first examines the relevance for using multi-day data, then discusses the methodology and results of a five week survey undertaken specifically for this study, makes a comparison of the findings with that observed in other studies, and finally discusses issues relating to the application of the data and future research possibilities. Previous studies have shown that behaviour which makes up the daily travel pattern can be highly repetitious in nature but that observing an individual’s behaviour on a single day might not be representative of their routine travel and that this behaviour varies across demographic segments and driver gender. This paper examines day-to-day travel behaviour variability of a residential area, Summer Greens, located in Cape Town (South Africa) using a travel dataset collected recently in November/December 2006. The survey technique employed was the recording of numberplates of all exiting vehicles from 06:00 to 10:00, weekdays from Monday to Friday over a period of five weeks. A total of 5677 vehicles undergoing 44 743 trips was observed and analysed. This research replicates and extends previous work dealing with day-to-day variability in trip-making behaviour that was conducted with data collected by Del Mistro and Behrens (2006) in Buitengracht Street, Cape Town CBD, in July/August 2005. The present research extends the earlier work by including departure time variations as well as conducting the observations during both a school period (3 weeks) and consecutive holiday period (2 weeks). Further, the thesis presents a method to measure day-to-day variability using the available data surveyed. This thesis finds a considerable difference in school and holiday traffic volumes as expected, but that despite this, certain identical travel behaviour patterns (such as vehicle appearance frequencies, following week repeat proportions etc.) is observed during both these periods. It was found that the peak hour for both school and holiday periods occurred during the same time period and greater traffic volume variability was found to occur on Fridays during the holiday period than in the school period. Traffic volumes across all weeks appeared to decrease from Monday to Wednesday and “bounce back” on Thursday and Friday consistent with the findings of another international study. It was found that motorists exhibited more departure time freedom during the holiday period with average holiday departure times much later than during the school period. Departure times were also observed to gradually become later from Monday to Friday during both the school and holiday periods with Thursday and Friday departure times significantly different to the other weekdays. The proportion of unique vehicles observed was found to increase with time of day and the resulting impact of this on the effectiveness of Variable Message Sign (VMS) applications is also discussed. The research concludes by applying the findings to determine the impact of a hypothetical congestion pricing scheme on traffic volumes.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Die argument is dat ‘n begrip vir variasie sentraal staan tot die modellering van reisgedrag en die assessering van beleidsimiplikasies, en is dus nie net n nagedagte soos wat gereeld gedink word nie. Daar is ‘n toenemende behoefte om multi-dag data te analiseer om die verspreiding in gebruikerskostes te bestudeer vir die waardasie van paaie, of om verhoudings in publieke vervoergebruik uit te lig, asook, vir die verbetering van die vermoë om die meganismes agter reisgedrag te identifiseer vir modelleringsdoeleindes. Die tesis bestudeer eerstens die relevansie van die gebruik van multi-dag data in samewerking met die literatuurstudie, gebaseer op studies wêreldwyd onderneem. Tweedens bespreek dit die metodologieë en resultate van ‘n vyf-week lange opname wat spesifiek vir hierdie studie onderneem is en tref vergelykings met die resultate verkry deur vorige studies. Dit bespreek dan die probleme wat voortspruit uit die toepassing van die data en ook toekomstige moontlikhede tot verdere navorsing. Vorige studies het getoon dat die gedrag wat tydens daaglikse reispatrone voorkom van nature hoogs herhaaldelik is. Wanneer ‘n individu se gedrag observeer word op ‘n enkele dag is dit egter nie noodwendig verteenwoordigend van sy/haar roetine reisgedrag nie en dat hierdie gedrag afhanklik is van demografiese faktore en die geslag van die bestuurder. Hierdie tesis bespreek die variasie in dag-tot-dag reisgedrag van ‘n residensiële gebied, Summer Greens, in Kaapstad (RSA) deur gebruik te maak van ‘n datastel wat onlangs saamgestel is (November/Desember 2006). Die data is ingesamel deur ‘n opname te doen van die nommerplate van alle uitgaande voertuie tussen 06:00 en 10:00, weeksdae van Maandag tot Vrydag, oor ‘n periode van vyf weke. A totale aantal voertuie van 5677 wat 44 743 ritte onderneem het, is waargeneem en ‘n analise is uitgevoer. Die navorsing herhaal en brei uit op vorige werk wat die dag-tot-dag variasie in ritopwekking bestudeer. Del Mistro en Behrens (2006) het data bestudeer wat ingesamel is in Julie/Augustus 2005 in Buitengrachtstraat, in die Kaapse Middestad (RSA). Die huidige navorsing brei uit op hierdie werk deur die variasie in vertrektyd in te sluit asook om waarnemings te doen tydens die skoolperiode (3 weke) en die daaropvolgende vakansieperiode (2 weke). ‘n Metode word ook aangebied om die dag-tot-dag variasie te meet deur middel van die beskikbare data wat ingesamel is. Hierdie tesis vind ‘n merkwaardige verskil in die skool en vakansie verkeersvolumes, soos verwag kan word, maar ten spyte daarvan bestaan daar sekere identiese reisgedragspatrone (byvoorbeeld die frekwensies waarteen ‘n voertuig voorkom, weeklikse herhaling van proporsies, ens.) gedurende beide hierdie periodes. Die bevinding is dat die spitsuur vir skool- en vakansieperiodes gedurende dieselfde tydsperiode plaasvind en dat verkeersvolumes groter variasie toon op Vrydae gedurende die vakansieperiode, as die skoolperiode. Dit wil blyk of verkeersvolumes gedurende al die weke afneem van Maandag tot Woensdag en dan “terug spring” op Donderdae en Vrydae. Hierdie bevinding is in ooreenstemming met resultate van ‘n ander internasionale studie. Motoriste het ‘n neiging getoon tot groter vryheid in terme van vertrektye tydens die vakansieperiode, met die gemiddelde vakansie vertrektye heelwat later as gedurende die skoolperiode. Vertrektye is ook gevind om geleidelik later te word van Maandag tot Vrydag gedurende beide die skool en vakansieperiodes, met Donderdag en Vrydag se vertrektye wat merkwaardig verskil van ander weeksdae. Die verhouding uniek waargenome voertuie het volgens hierdie navorsing se bevindinge toegeneem met die tyd van die dag en die gevolglike impak hiervan op die effektiwiteit van sogenaamde “Vehicle Message Sign” toepassings word bespreek. Die navorsing sluit dan af deur die bevindinge toe te pas om die impak te bepaal wat ‘n hipotetiese kongestieprysskema op verkeersvolumes het.

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17

Robertson, Alastair W. "The combined effects of human characteristics and product attributes on technology adoption forecasting : an analysis of residential ICT adoption patterns in the United Kingdom." Thesis, Lancaster University, 2005. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.429997.

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18

Bergan, Britta L. "Demographic Characteristics and Trauma Symptomology in Juvenile Justice Residents at Echo Glen Children's Center." Antioch University / OhioLINK, 2016. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=antioch1459871411.

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19

Snyder, Julie A. "An Exploration of the Effects of Student Characteristics and Engagement Practices on Academic Success for Low-Income Students." Bowling Green State University / OhioLINK, 2008. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=bgsu1206323236.

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20

Feng, Jing. "Geographies of Employment among Chinese High-Tech Immigrants in Canada: An Ottawa-Gatineau case study." Thesis, Université d'Ottawa / University of Ottawa, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/34983.

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For a number of years, Canadian immigration selection policy has deliberately emphasized the human capital characteristics of applicants in determining admissibility for permanent residence. Largely due to these measures, Chinese immigrants today are overwhelmingly well-educated and skilled. This thesis examines the role of geography in shaping Chinese newcomers’ post-arrival employment status, with an emphasis on working in the high-tech sector. Given that Ottawa is a leading node of high-tech employment in Canada, this project initially investigates the probability that Chinese newcomers will work in the high-tech sector in Ottawa-Gatineau relative to other cities. The project subsequently examines the degree to which employment in the high-tech sector in Ottawa-Gatineau is related to ethnic, social and demographic characteristics of local spaces where people live and work. All aspects of the study adopt a gender lens with respect to interpreting employment status. The study finds that Chinese immigrants in Ottawa-Gatineau are more likely to work in this sector than their counterparts in Vancouver and Toronto. They are also more likely to work in high-tech relative to individuals in other immigrant groups or the Canadian-born population. With respect to co-ethnic residential and work spatial configurations, as well as social and demographic characteristics of residential neighbourhoods, the study finds that these factors exert quite different influences on the likelihood that Chinese women and men will work in Ottawa-Gatineau’s high-tech sector. The results are quite distinctly different for women and men, and underline the importance of a gendered analysis of relationships between geographic location/place and employment status.

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21

Brom, Peta. "There might be a frog in McElligot's Pool: a study of the habitat characteristics and social factors associated with amphibian presence in urban residential gardens in a suburb in Cape Town." Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/27525.

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This thesis engages with urban ecology through the lens of garden amphibians within a community in Cape Town. The study explores habitat and maintenance features associated with amphibian presence and the social processes underpinning attitudes towards amphibians, with the aim of strengthening knowledge underpinning the "what" (knowledge of natural requirements), "Why" (social drivers for urban landscape form and management), and the "how" (working with people, for garden biodiversity initiatives. To explore the "Why" component, a social survey was conducted with 192 members of the community. One‐way anova and correspondence analysis were used to explore the relationship between values, culture, knowledge and memories of early childhood experiences against a general attitude towards frogs and toads. The findings are consistent with the theoretical framework of Connectedness To Nature where positive attitudes are supported by normative values, cultural beliefs, knowledge and positive experiences with care‐givers and role‐models. The garden habitat component of the study sought to explore the technical questions of the "What" requirement for amphibian presence in gardens. It was loosely based on the BIMBY tool with adaptations for context and targeted species. 50 gardens were visited and surveyed. They were divided into two groups for comparison: Those in which residents reported amphibian presence, and those which did not. Results indicate that the cape river frog (A. fuscigula) and clicking stream frog (S. grayii), are attracted to gardens with moderate to dense vegetation at groundcover level. Gardens with moderately planted beds were more likely to report frogs if they had additional resources, in particular, ponds and mulch. The "How" question brought together the two themes in a discussion on citizen mobilization and ways in which community groups are successfully implementing urban ecology conservation and reconciliation strategies. This work is important for urban nature conservation which seeks to engage private land‐owners (garden enthusiasts) and community and citizen groups in implementing urban biodiversity projects.

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22

Carter, Megan Ann. "Do Childhood Excess Weight and Family Food Insecurity Share Common Risk Factors in the Local Environment? An Examination Using a Quebec Birth Cohort." Thèse, Université d'Ottawa / University of Ottawa, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/23801.

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Background: Childhood excess weight and family food insecurity are food-system related public health problems that exist in Canada. Since both relate to issues of food accessibility and availability, which have elements of “place”, they may share common risk factors in the local environment that are amenable to intervention. In this area of research, the literature derives mostly from a US context, and there is a dearth of high quality evidence, specifically from longitudinal studies. Objectives: The main objectives of this thesis were to examine the adjusted associations between the place factors: material deprivation, social deprivation, social cohesion, disorder, and living location, with change in child BMI Z-score and with change in family food insecurity status in a Canadian cohort of children. Methods: The Québec Longitudinal Study of Child Development was used to meet the main objectives of this thesis. Response data from six collection cycles (4 – 10 years of age) were used in three main analyses. The first analysis examined change in child BMI Z-score as a function of the place factors using mixed models regression. The second analysis examined change in child BMI Z-score as a function of place factors using group-based trajectory modeling. The third and final analysis examined change in family food insecurity status as a function of the place factors using generalized estimating equations. Results: Social deprivation, social cohesion and disorder were strongly and positively associated with family food insecurity, increasing the odds by 45-76%. These place factors, on the other hand, were not consistently associated with child weight status. Material deprivation was not important for either outcome, except for a slight positive association in the mixed models analysis of child weight status. Living location was not important in explaining family food insecurity. On the other hand, it was associated with child weight status in both analyses, but the nature of the relationship is still unclear. Conclusions: Results do not suggest that addressing similar place factors may alleviate both child excess weight and family food insecurity. More high quality longitudinal and experimental studies are needed to clarify relationships between the local environment and child weight status and family food insecurity.

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Justo, Daniela Sbizera [UNESP]. "Similaridade comportamental do consumo residencial de eletricidade por rede neural baseada na Teoria da Ressonância Adaptativa." Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/143947.

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Esta pesquisa será dedicada ao desenvolvimento de uma metodologia com vistas à compreensão e ao exame do comportamento do hábito de consumo de eletricidade residencial, via análise de similaridade, baseado no uso de uma rede neural da família ART (Adaptive Resonance Theory). Trata-se de uma rede neural composta por dois módulos ART-Fuzzy, cujo treinamento é realizado de modo não supervisionado. No primeiro módulo, serão usadas, como entrada, as informações que caracterizam os hábitos de consumo e a situação socioeconômica. A saída do primeiro módulo junto com os dados referentes aos equipamentos eletroeletrônicos da residência compõem a entrada do segundo módulo que, finalmente, produz informações, na saída, relativas ao diagnóstico pretendido, ou seja, a formação de agrupamentos similares (clusters). Todo o processamento da rede neural modular é realizado com dados binários, os quais são gerados a partir de informações quantitativas e qualitativas. As redes neurais da família ART são estáveis e plásticas. A estabilidade refere-se à garantia de sempre produzir soluções, ou seja, não se observa problemas relativos à má convergência. A plasticidade é uma característica que possibilita a execução do treinamento de forma contínua sem destruir o conhecimento adquirido previamente. É um recurso pouco observado nas demais redes neurais disponíveis na literatura especializada. Com essas propriedades (estabilidade e plasticidade), combinada com o processamento de dados essencialmente binários, confere ao sistema neural uma ampla capacidade de produzir objetivos que podem ser facilmente modificados visando atender requisitos preestabelecidos pelos usuários (consumidor, empresa do setor elétrico). Neste sentido, o resultado esperado é a obtenção de informações referentes à similaridade de consumidores, à qual pode-se vislumbrar alguns benefícios, por parte dos consumidores, como melhorar o hábito de consumir energia elétrica, oferecendo também, por meio do conhecimento dos consumidores similares, a obtenção de melhores estratégias de negociação com os fornecedores, principalmente, no caso de sistemas smart grids. Neste novo paradigma do setor elétrico, há uma forte tendência do(s) consumidor(es) escolher(em) livremente a empresas fornecedoras de energia elétrica. Além disso, é discutida uma melhor forma para a realização da previsão de carga em pontos da rede elétrica onde há uma maior incerteza, e.g., nos barramentos mais próximos do consumidor (transformadores etc.), i.e., as incertezas no contexto da previsão de carga total do sistema são aumentadas à medida que se adentra a partir da carga global até chegar ao consumidor final, em especial ao usuário residencial. A base de dados, para a fase de treinamento da rede neural, é construída a partir de informações disponibilizadas por consumidores voluntários via o preenchimento de formulário. Realizada a fase de treinamento, a rede neural adquire um conhecimento incipiente afeito de ser aperfeiçoado ao longo do tempo, quando se implementa o recurso da plasticidade.
This work develops a methodology to understand and analyze the behavior of residential electricity consumption by similarity analysis, based on a neural network of ART (Adaptive Resonance Theory) family. The neural network is composed of two Fuzzy-ART modules whose training are non-supervised. At the first module, the inputs are information that characterize the consumption habits and the socio-economic situation. The output of the first module with the data referred to electro-electronic equipment available at the residence compose the input of the second module, which finally produces information at the output related to the diagnosis proposed, i.e. the formation of clusters. All the neural network processing is realized with binary data, which are generated from quantitative and qualitative information. ART family neural networks are stable and plastic. The stability assures that it always produces a solution, i.e. there is no convergence problem. The plasticity is a characteristic that allows executing the processing continuously without losing the knowledge previously learned. Those advantages are seldom observed in other neural networks available at the specialized literature. Considering these properties (stability and plasticity), combined with the data processing exclusively binary, the neural network is capable to be modified when necessary to attend pre-defined requests by the users (consumers, distributers, etc.). Therefore, the expected result is to obtain information referred to the similarity with consumers, and with this information, the consumers can improve their habits or even negotiating with the producers in case of smart grid systems. This new electrical system paradigm, the tendency is that the consumers can arbitrarily choose the electrical distributers. Furthermore, the work discusses the best way to realize load forecasting in points where there is uncertainty, e.g., on the busses near the consumers (transformers), i.e., the uncertainties considering the global forecasting increase if the information of residences is not considered. The database for the training phase of the neural network was built by a quiz form filled by some volunteer consumers. Afterwards, when finishing the training phase, the neural network acquires knowledge that along time can implement the plasticity resource.

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Justo, Daniela Sbizera. "Similaridade comportamental do consumo residencial de eletricidade por rede neural baseada na Teoria da Ressonância Adaptativa /." Ilha Solteira, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/143947.

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Orientador: Carlos Roberto Minussi
Resumo: Esta pesquisa será dedicada ao desenvolvimento de uma metodologia com vistas à compreensão e ao exame do comportamento do hábito de consumo de eletricidade residencial, via análise de similaridade, baseado no uso de uma rede neural da família ART (Adaptive Resonance Theory). Trata-se de uma rede neural composta por dois módulos ART-Fuzzy, cujo treinamento é realizado de modo não supervisionado. No primeiro módulo, serão usadas, como entrada, as informações que caracterizam os hábitos de consumo e a situação socioeconômica. A saída do primeiro módulo junto com os dados referentes aos equipamentos eletroeletrônicos da residência compõem a entrada do segundo módulo que, finalmente, produz informações, na saída, relativas ao diagnóstico pretendido, ou seja, a formação de agrupamentos similares (clusters). Todo o processamento da rede neural modular é realizado com dados binários, os quais são gerados a partir de informações quantitativas e qualitativas. As redes neurais da família ART são estáveis e plásticas. A estabilidade refere-se à garantia de sempre produzir soluções, ou seja, não se observa problemas relativos à má convergência. A plasticidade é uma característica que possibilita a execução do treinamento de forma contínua sem destruir o conhecimento adquirido previamente. É um recurso pouco observado nas demais redes neurais disponíveis na literatura especializada. Com essas propriedades (estabilidade e plasticidade), combinada com o processamento de dados essencialmente ... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo)
Doutor

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25

Mohangi, Kamleshie. "Finding roses amongst thorns : how institutionalised children negotiate pathways to well-being while affected by HIV&AIDS." Thesis, Pretoria : [s.n.], 2008. http://upetd.up.ac.za/thesis/available/etd-04272009-094758.

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26

Vaculovičová, Vanda. "Způsoby ocenění nemovitostí v Německu se zaměřením na nemovitost typu byt." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Ústav soudního inženýrství, 2012. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-232612.

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The Master´s thesis is engaged in valuation of property in Germany. Special focus is given to on valuation methods applicable to apartment value estimation. In order to that comparative and capital valuation methods are described in detail within the scope of the thesis. These methods are applied on the example of apartment valuation of an current apartment in Münster in the thesis. Fundamental components of the thesis are an explanation of basic valuation methods, an explanation of basis terms, a method of determination of average rent, a basic legal regulations and a description of an expert´s assessment. Furthermore the thesis describes as well the actual situation on the real estate market in Germany.

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27

劉擇昌. "Spatial Analysis and Environmental Characteristics on Residential Burglary Hotspots." Thesis, 2011. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/yxz9fh.

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博士
中央警察大學
犯罪防治研究所
99
This study assumed that environmental characteristics of humanity and substance affect decision-making process of potential burglars much on the basis of official data of residential burglary, criminology theories, and empirical researches gathered data, When environmental characteristics form higher opportunities or lower risk, potential criminals tend to commit crime in the places, on the contrary, they will tend to give up committing crime there. The study cited conception of SocGIS (GIS in Sociology), and focuses on both application of GIS crime mapping, spatial analysis in hotspots searching, crime prevention of residential burglary, and the exploring of environmental characteristics in real residential burglary hotspots where crime occurs frequently. Finally, We propose specific crime prevention policies as suggestions offering to relative organizations.　 The results first support our assumption and generalize environmental characteristics which cause residential burglary easily by cross-over data analysis of documentary review, official statistics, and empirical research. Spatial clustering analysis showed that the residential burglaries were not randomly distributed in Da-an District, but significantly concentrated in certain areas in 1999-2008, e.g. 6％ area could explain 34.5％ situations of residential burglaries. We then discovered there are several environmental weaknesses or images of humanity and inhabitancy which cause residential burglary easily in crime hotspots, such as “low mutual interaction among dwellers”, “low participation in community affairs of dwellers”, “low anti-burglary cognitions of dwellers”, “disorderly landscape and indistinct territoriality resulted from mixed land use ”, “low mutual attention in communities”, ” low operation efficacy of CCTV”, “hidden and easy-to-invade firebreaks”, “uncontrollable accesses of terraced house”, “low sense of territorialities and hard to oversee”, ”lacks of illumination”, “unguarded houses and lands”, “old houses without maintenance”, “long period under construction”, “high economic level images”, “unlocked doors or windows when householders are out” and so on. However, there are several environmental strength or images of humanity and inhabitancy which impede residential burglary in crime coldspots, such as “high mutual attention in communities”, “high territoriality of dwellers”, “high participation in community affairs of dwellers ”, “high anti-burglary attentions of dwellers”, ”good use and maintenance of CCTV”, “well-managed firebreaks”, “houses of enclosed type designed”, “well controlled acesses”, ”sufficient illumination”. Second, the study suggests that residential burglary prevention should focus on watching large numbers of thieves who are moving around to search suitable targets, and improve environments full of old-style and easy-to-invade apartments with few burglar-proof equipments. Further, since the concept of mutual assistance and burglary-preventing is note prevailing, residential burglary rate will be decreased effectively only by enhancing efficiency of law enforcement, promoting the concept of burglary-proof of the public, and returning to policy enforcement focusing on “people”. Finally, considering the capacity of law enforcement, resources of communities, requirement of public security, and combining the using of Criminology theories and GIS techniques, the study offers multiple suggestion aimed at “police forces”, ”community representatives”, and “ dwellers”, who are directly affected by residential burglary and are able to enforce crime prevention work in their living area. In order to build a defensible space to eliminate thieves’ crime motivation when their entering in the area, and prevent residential burglary rate effectively.

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Vicente, Estela Alexandra Domingos. "Chemical characteristics and toxicity of particles from residential biomass combustion." Doctoral thesis, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/10773/31277.

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Biomass combustion for residential heating is recognised as an important source of particulate matter, not only in the ambient air, but also inside the dwellings. Exposure to biomass burning particles has been linked to a vast array of adverse health effects. The physical and chemical properties of inhaled particles are thought to greatly affect the biological responses. Over the years, many studies have focused on emission source profiles of residential biomass combustion. However, with the advent and growing market share of new small-scale appliances automatically fed with compressed biofuels, research efforts need to be devoted to the characterisation of emissions from these appliances either from new commercially available pellets or from pellets made from potentially relevant raw materials. Despite the wealth of publications on emissions and composition of particles from residential biomass combustion, the impact of this source on the indoor air quality has been scarcely studied, especially with regard to the chemical and toxicological characteristics of the particles. The two main objectives of this thesis were: i) to obtain chemical and toxicological profiles for pellet-fuelled heating systems, and ii) to evaluate the impact of traditional appliances on indoor air quality, properties of particulate matter, deposited dose in the respiratory tract and biological responses. For the fulfilment of the first objective, four types of pellets were selected (two brands of ENplus A1 certified pellets, one brand of non-certified pellets, and laboratory-produced acacia pellets) to carry out experiments in a laboratory combustion facility to determine emission factors of gaseous compounds and particulate matter (PM10). To achieve the second objective, particulate samples were collected in two households equipped with distinct combustion appliances (open fireplace and woodstove) in the absence of other indoor sources. The dose of inhaled indoor particles deposited in the human respiratory tract was estimated using an exposure dose model (ExDoM2). The chemical composition of PM10 from both laboratory experiments and residential microenvironments was analysed for water soluble inorganic ions, organic and elemental carbon and detailed organic speciation. Additionally, in samples collected indoors, major and trace elements were also determined. A battery of in vitro assays was used to assess the ecotoxicity, cytotoxicity and mutagenicity of the PM10 samples. The results obtained from the laboratory measurements indicated that the alternative woody raw material selected for pelletising contributed to a dramatic increase in particulate emissions, with distinctive chemical properties and increased toxicological potential. It was observed that even certified material does not always meet emission requirements set by the Ecodesign directive. Particles from pellet combustion were mainly composed of water soluble inorganic constituents. The carbonaceous fraction of particulate samples from commercial pellets was dominated by elemental carbon, while organic carbon was the most abundant constituent in samples from the combustion of acacia pellets. The results showed that particles from acacia pellets were the most ecotoxic and cytotoxic, while mutagenicity was not detected for any biofuel. In the sampling campaign carried out in residential microenvironments while using different combustion devices, higher exposures, higher doses in the human respiratory tract and higher toxicity of the particles collected during the operation of the open fireplace were observed, as a result of the lower combustion efficiency. When using this combustion equipment, a higher increase in particulate matter levels (over 12 times compared to background concentrations) was registered compared to that measured with the woodstove (2-fold increase). The carbonaceous material accounted for a PM10 mass fraction of about 44% in samples from the room equipped with fireplace, while the woodstove operation almost halved the total particulate carbon content. Water soluble ions and trace elements showed variable contributions to the mass of the indoor particles and were generally higher during the operation of the woodstove. Several chemical markers of biomass combustion were detected in both residential microenvironments, highlighting the input of this source to indoor particles. The bioreactivity assessment showed that particles emitted by the fireplace were the most ecotoxic and cytotoxic, while mutagenicity was not detected in any of the tested samples. Combustion-related organic compounds in indoor particles, such as polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, displayed significant correlations with the increase in toxicity. In view of the results obtained, homeowners should be encouraged to upgrade the wood burning technology in order to reduce the products of incomplete combustion inside their dwellings.
A combustão de biomassa para aquecimento residencial é reconhecida como uma fonte importante de material particulado não apenas no ar ambiente, mas também no interior das habitações. A exposição a partículas resultantes da queima de biomassa tem sido associada a um vasto leque de efeitos adversos na saúde. Sabe-se que as propriedades físicas e químicas das partículas inaladas afetam acentuadamente as respostas biológicas. Ao longo dos anos, muitos estudos tiveram como foco os perfis de emissão da combustão residencial de biomassa. No entanto, com o aparecimento e a crescente quota de mercado de novos equipamentos de pequena escala alimentados automaticamente com biocombustíveis prensados, a investigação deve ser direcionada para a caracterização das emissões desses sistemas de combustão alimentados quer com novos pellets disponíveis no mercado, quer com pellets produzidos a partir de novas matérias primas potencialmente relevantes. Apesar da abundância de publicações dedicadas às emissões e composição das partículas da queima residencial de biomassa, o impacto desta fonte na qualidade do ar interior tem sido pouco estudado, sobretudo no que diz respeito às características químicas e toxicológicas do material particulado. Os dois objetivos principais desta tese foram: i) obter os perfis químicos e toxicológicos para sistemas alimentados a pellets, e ii) avaliar o impacto de equipamentos tradicionais na qualidade do ar interior, propriedades do material particulado, dose depositada no trato respiratório e respostas biológicas. Para atingir o primeiro objetivo, foram selecionados quatro tipos de pellets (duas marcas de pellets com certificação ENplus A1, uma marca de pellets sem certificação e pellets de acácia produzidos em laboratório) para realizar experiências numa instalação laboratorial de combustão e determinar fatores de emissão de gases e material particulado (PM10). Para atingir o segundo objetivo, realizaram-se amostragens de partículas em duas habitações com equipamentos de combustão distintos (lareira aberta e recuperador de calor), na ausência de outras fontes interiores. A dose de partículas inaladas no interior das habitações e depositadas no trato respiratório humano foi estimada utilizando um modelo de exposição/dose (ExDoM2). A composição química das PM10 resultantes quer dos ensaios laboratoriais, quer dos microambientes residenciais, foi analisada em termos de iões inorgânicos solúveis em água, carbono orgânico e elementar e especiação orgânica detalhada. Adicionalmente, nas amostras de partículas colhidas no interior das habitações, foram também determinados elementos maioritários e traço. Foi utilizada uma bateria de ensaios in vitro para avaliar a ecotoxicidade, citotoxicidade e mutagenicidade das amostras de PM10. Os resultados obtidos nos ensaios laboratoriais indicaram que o material lenhoso alternativo selecionado para a peletização contribuiu para um aumento dramático das emissões de partículas, as quais apresentaram propriedades químicas distintas e um potencial toxicológico elevado. Observou-se que mesmo o material certificado nem sempre cumpre os requisitos de emissão estabelecidos pela diretiva Ecodesign. As partículas emitidas pela combustão de pellets apresentaram na sua composição maioritariamente iões inorgânicos solúveis em água. O carbono elementar dominou a fração de material carbonáceo nas partículas dos pellets comerciais, ao passo que o carbono orgânico constitui a componente mais abundante nas amostras resultantes da queima de pellets de acácia. Os resultados mostraram que as partículas dos pellets de acácia foram as mais ecotóxicas e citotóxicas, enquanto não foi detetada mutagenicidade para nenhum biocombustível. Na campanha de amostragem realizada em microambientes residenciais durante a utilização de diferentes equipamentos de combustão, observou-se uma exposição mais elevada, dose depositada no trato respiratório humano mais alta e uma toxidade superior para as partículas colhidas durante a operação da lareira aberta, refletindo a menor eficiência de combustão deste equipamento. Durante a sua utilização, foi registado um aumento superior nos níveis de material particulado (mais de 12 vezes relativamente às concentrações de fundo) em comparação com o observado para o recuperador de calor (aumento de 2 vezes). O material carbonáceo representou cerca de 44% da massa de PM10 nas amostras colhidas durante a operação da lareira, enquanto a operação do recuperador de calor reduziu quase pela metade o conteúdo total de carbono nas partículas. Os iões solúveis em água e os elementos apresentaram contribuições variáveis para a massa das partículas no interior das habitações, sendo geralmente superiores durante a operação do recuperador de calor. Em ambos os microambientes residenciais foram detetados vários traçadores químicos de combustão de biomassa, assinalando a contribuição desta fonte para as partículas interiores. A avaliação da biorreatividade revelou que as partículas emitidas pela lareira foram as mais ecotóxicas e citotóxicas, enquanto que não foi detetada mutagenicidade em quaisquer das amostras testadas. Vários constituintes detetados nas partículas internas, como os hidrocarbonetos aromáticos policíclicos, apresentaram correlações significativas com o aumento da toxicidade. Considerando os resultados obtidos, os proprietários devem ser encorajados a atualizar a tecnologia de combustão, a fim de reduzir os produtos de combustão incompleta dentro das suas habitações.
Programa Doutoral em Ciências e Engenharia do Ambiente

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29

Yu-Chun, Chen, and 陳宥君. "A Study on the Influence of Residential Characteristics on Housing Price." Thesis, 2014. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/t7uauh.

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碩士
國立臺北大學
統計學系
102
According to past studies, in addition to the location, size, and level of floor, house type is also a very critical affecting housing price. But, the effect of house type to housing price is rarely discussed. In this study, the records of real trading prices of houses in both Taipei City and New Taipei City are adopted as analysis sample to discuss how the region characteristics and building characteristics affect housing price by the hierarchical linear model (HLM). The region characteristics are population density and education level. And, the building characteristics are size, level of floor, and type of building. The region characteristics are treated as overall level, the building characteristics as individual level in this study. Then, five sub - models of hierarchical linear model (HLM) are applied to explore the different levels of region and building characteristics affecting housing prices in Taipei City and New Taipei City. The degree of variances explained to the prices is also discussed. A housing price model with different levels of these two characteristics is established in his study to render the impact on housing price with interaction of the two characteristics. The empirical results reveal that the relationship between characteristics of building characteristics and housing prices significantly varies across different region. And region characteristics not only have direct effect on housing prices but also have mediating effect on the relationship between building characteristics and housing prices. Key words: Hierarchical Linear Model (HLM), housing price, region characteristics, building characteristics

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CHANG, YEN HUA, and 張燕惠. "Characteristics and improvement methods of residential bathroom space in Taipei city." Thesis, 2017. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/3t9q94.

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碩士
國立臺灣科技大學
建築系
105
Bathroom space is an integral part of a home. However, bathrooms, designed by builders, do not meet all the demands of the user. Through literary reviews, this research studies the origin of Eastern and Western bathrooms and the development of bathroom in Taiwan. Due to rise in real estate price, low birth rate, and migration of population, the amount of interior space available per person has gradually been reduced. This research redefines minimum size for bathroom, categorizing bathroom equipment’s function, style and material. An “adjustable partition” for bathrooms is created so users can plan and arrange according to their individual habits and needs. Research results show that everyone has different preferrance and tolerance for bathroom, in its size, material and layout. The same bathroom receives different satisfaction rate from different users. This study suggests that “adjustable bathroom space” is needed in the future in the high housing price and densely populated city of Taipei. The result of this research can provide valuable data and information for the design of bathrooms in a metropolitan area.

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王日楠. "The relationship between population characteristics and residential land price of Taiwan." Thesis, 2015. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/78682731986007862938.

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32

YueXu and 許玥. "Location，residential organization and building forms: the characteristics of residential community in the process of urbanization in Shenzhen, China." Thesis, 2017. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/hapzh5.

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碩士
國立成功大學
都市計劃學系
105
The article aims to explore the characteristics of residential community during the urbanization of Shenzhen, China. According to the shifts of employed immigration, the urbanization process could be divided into four population growth periods as follows: processing and manufacturing industry period in 1979-1985, the electronics industry period in 1986-1995, the service industry period in 1996-2005, the high-end service industry period in 2006-2015. Then based on the four periods above, it summarizes the characteristics of residential community in three aspects: location, residential organization and building forms. The location of residential communities are analyzed by Space Syntax, it is found that the frequency distribution of Global Integration (RRAn) and Local Integration (RRA3) are centralised from multiple intervals to a single one generally. And in physical space the residential area is expanding with the transfer of industrial centers, from Luohu to Huaqiangbei and Futian, along the central avenue Shennan road firstly, then the main roads on its two sides, and finally the network of secondary road and slip road. Next, combined the field data analysis of residential organization and building form, it shows a changing living performance of the employed immigration, corresponding to different periods of emerging industry. The living performance could be summarized as the evolution from meeting the basic demands ( like urban village and the factory dormitory) to economic and practical type ( like residential microdistrict), and then the enjoyment type ( like the mansion).

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33

Kim, Jong Yon. "The Impact of Urban Form and Housing Characteristics on Residential Energy Use." Thesis, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/148303.

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Cities and their characteristics of energy use play an important role in climate change. While there is abundant research about the impact of energy use on transportation the impact of urban form and housing characteristics on residential energy use has not been considered widely. There is certainly a need to take a closer look about the residential energy use and housing relationships to identify planning implications. This study examines the relationship between various urban form, housing characteristics and the energy use that result from residential electricity and fuel use. Ordinary least squares regression methods are used to measure the correlations between energy consumption and variables describing housing and urban form characteristics in the metropolitan statistical areas in the United States. After controlling for differences in energy price and income, a positive relationship between residential energy consumption and a history of greater rates of land conversion was found. This study also finds significantly higher energy use associated with a greater incidence of detached single-family housing when compared against high-rise buildings. A correlation between increased rate of row housing and lower energy use was found as well. This study can contribute to a literature that can help planners to create more environmentally- friendly cities by contributing to the understanding of the impacts that certain energy- related housing characteristics have on the sustainability of a city. The literature regarding smart growth and new urbanism should explore potential impacts on household energy consumption in its discussion of urban planning along with considering impacts on transportation related energy use.

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Ruzycky, Daniel. "An Investigation into the Household and Resident Composition of Higher Density Residential Districts in the Greater Toronto Area." Thesis, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10012/4198.

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The intensification of existing urban areas has become a common strategy used by planners to combat the negative aspects associated with unrestrained urban growth. This paper investigates the cultural and socio-economic characteristics of higher density households and residents of both owned and rented tenures in the Greater Toronto Area’s three constituent urban zones, the central city, the inner suburbs and the outer suburbs, between 2001 and 2006. Canada census data at the dissemination area level is used to produce descriptive statistics for the 100 variables included in the analysis. Although research relating to higher density housing is abundant, the consideration and affirmation of higher density housing sub-markets in the Greater Toronto Area based on location and tenure makes this study unique. It becomes clear that the diversity of the higher density housing market must be regarded during the planning process. The findings will be useful to planners for the purposes of infrastructure planning, community planning and aid in the implementation of urban intensification strategies in the Greater Toronto Area.

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Fan, Hsueh-Ling, and 范雪鈴. "The Impact of Administrative Characteristics and Residential Types on Income Capitalization Rate." Thesis, 2013. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/94705025974222961709.

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碩士
國立屏東商業技術學院
不動產經營系(所)
101
How to reasonable estimate the price of the real estate is usually a hot topic in the field of real estate research field. From the past research of literature of income capitalization rate, it was found that factors affecting income capitalization rate, in addition to macroeconomics, are mainly location, area, and the age of the house, and further another important factor is the residence type, however, the past literature has rare in-depth discussion on this factor, hence, wrong judgment could easily happen during the evaluation of its influence on the residence price. In this research, 24491 dealt cases and 19173 leasing cases have been collected from Taipei City and New Taipei City (Taipei County). Staring from the commonly seen residence type in Taipei metropolitan area as example, namely, apartment, suite and building with elevator, after controlling all kinds of residence attributes, the influence of the administrative characteristics variable on income capitalization rate is investigated. In addition, hierarchical linear model is used to investigate the correlation between the difference among all administrative and income capitalization rate. The empirical results show that: (1) Area, the floor located, the total number of floor, the age of the house, the square of the age of the house and different type of residence will all significantly affect income capitalization rate. (2) In a model using mean as the result, the number of department store and the proportion of public facility area will significantly affect the average income capitalization rate. (3) In a model using intercept as the result, population density and commercial area proportion will significantly affect average income capitalization rate.

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Hsu, Ya-hui, and 許雅惠. "Prediction of the Level of House Dust Mite Allergen by Residential Characteristics." Thesis, 2009. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/74063395926884594468.

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碩士
國立臺灣大學
職業醫學與工業衛生研究所
97
The prevalence of atopic eczema and asthma in adolescents has been reported to be increasing in the past decades in Taiwan. Exposure to house dust mite (Dermatophagoides pteronissinus) is known to play a potent role in the onset and aggravation of allergic diseases, such as atopic dermatitis and asthma. In Taiwan, high temperature and relative humidity provide favorable conditions for dust mite to grow. It is important to evaluate the level of Der p 1 and environmental predictors, especially the residential characteristics. In addition, previous studies on dust mite allergens in Taiwan were mostly sampled by investigators, we tested the feasibility and comparability of sample collection by adult residents in this study. We studied 46 homes in the 6 cities and counties in Taiwan, included Taipei, Chiayi, Yulin, Tainan, Kaohsung and Taitung. Among these cities, 38 were the participants of the Taiwan Birth Cohort Pilot study, and their residential characteristics were studied during July to September 2007. The other 8 participants were choosed according to a respiratory study during August 2008 in Sinchuan. The information of environmental conditions, structure of house or apartment, pet-owning, habits, and frequency of cleaning were collected by questionnaire. For the comparison of resident- and investigator-collected dust mite samples, the residents sampled the dust from the surface of mattress by vacuum cleaners according to the investigator’s written sampling direction. The investigator also sampled the dust from the floor of the living room and child’s bedroom, mattress, and pillow. The dust mite allergen (Der p 1) was measured using a two-site monoclonal antibody enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Among the 46 homes, the geometric means of Der p 1 were 0.13 μg per gram of dust (μg/g) for the floor of living room, 0.31 μg/g for the floor of children room, 1.70 μg/g for the mattress, and 2.90 μg/g for the pillow. By paired t test, the Der p 1 levels sampled by adult residents was not demonstrated statistically different from those sampled by investigators, moreover, the results sampled by residents and investigators were highly correlated (r=0.75). Higher dust mite levels were associated with having water leakage, dog-owning, observed surface molds, and longer duration after the last cleaning. The usage of air conditioner was negatively associated with level of dust mite This study provides the background levels of dust mite allergen (Der p 1) in Taiwan 6 cities and the residential environmental factors were found to play an important role in mite allergen concentrations. Future study on the effects for reducing mite allergen by environmental modification will be warranted.

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37

Kochuthresia, V. J. "Residential child care institutions in Kerala with special reference to their organizational characteristics." Thesis, 1990. http://hdl.handle.net/2009/4284.

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38

王蘋. "A study of residential fire characteristics and associated factors in New Taipei City." Thesis, 2016. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/68272774884257919339.

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39

Xu, Li Ying, and 許莉瑩. "Indoor viable fungi in relation to residential characteristics and symptoms in atopic and control children." Thesis, 1994. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/05795463045061788824.

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40

Xu, Li-Ying, and 許莉瑩. "Indoor viable fungi in relation to residential characteristics and symptoms in atopic and control children." Thesis, 1994. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/20786886458474473794.

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41

Huang, Chun-Ta, and 黃群達. "Trends and Characteristics Analysis of Energy Consumption and CO2 Emission in Residential and Commercial Sectors." Thesis, 2006. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/73043153195044973340.

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碩士
國立成功大學
環境工程學系碩博士班
94
In this study, we combined decomposition and decoupling analyses to explore the characteristics and relationships among several indicators for residential and commercial sectors. At first, we reviewed the trends of CO2 emission and energy consumption; then decomposition analysis was used to identify major factors contributing CO2 emission changes of residential and commercial sectors. In addition, OECD and Tapio decoupling indicator analyses were used to find the interrelationships among GDP, energy consumption and CO2 emission in residential and commercial sectors. Finally, the energy consumption and CO2 emission of commercial sectors were compared with those of U.S.A, Japan, and England. Results of this study have shown that electricity was the major energy consumption for residential and commercial sectors in Taiwan. The decomposition analysis demonstrated that the dwelling floor area of per person and the aggregate number of household were most important factors for CO2 emission increase in the residential sector, while the population of household was the major factor for the decrease. On the other hand, economic growth and structure share were primary factors for CO2 emission increase in commercial sector, while the energy intensity was the only factor for the decrease. Results of OECD decoupling indicator analysis revealed that the relationship of CO2 / Energy, CO2 / power consumption, CO2 / floor area did not have decoupling effects in the residential sector. For commercial sector, relative decoupling effect occurred in CO2 / power consumption, Energy / GDP in recent years, and CO2 / GDP, CO2 / Energy were identified with no decoupling effect. Results of Tapio decoupling indicator analysis revealed that CO2 / Energy displayed expansive negative decoupling; CO2 / power consumption showed expansive coupling; power consumption / power price presented weak decoupling; expansive coupling occurred in CO2 / GDP,CO2 / power consumption in the commercial sector; power consumption / power price revealed weak decoupling; CO2 / Energy, power consumption / GDP, Energy / GDP exhibited expansive negative decoupling. In addition, the energy consumption and CO2 emission of U.S.A, Japan, England, and Taiwan’s commercial sectors were compared. Results were found that Taiwan had the lowest energy consumption and CO2 emission compared with other countries. Yet, the growth rate of energy consumption in Taiwan was second to Japan, and the growth rate of CO2 emission was higher than other countries. Overall, this study has shown that our energy efficiency and energy conservation programs need to be enhanced for residential and commercial sectors in the future.

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42

Vadehra, Priya Stock Thomas Howard Whitehead Lawrence William Burau Keith D. "The characterization of residential fungal spores and the relationship with housing characteristics in the Houston area." 2007. http://gateway.proquest.com/openurl?url_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:dissertation&res_dat=xri:pqdiss&rft_dat=xri:pqdiss:1451263.

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Thesis (M.P.H.)--University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, School of Public Health, 2007.
Source: Masters Abstracts International, Volume: 46-04, page: 2045. Adviser: Thomas Stock. Includes bibliographical references.

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43

Dodds, Robert Scott. "An investigation into the hedonic price analysis of the structural characteristics of residential property in the West Rand." Thesis, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10539/9640.

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A vast amount of literature on hedonic price modelling has been formulated on overseas property markets. Very little currently exists in South Africa and this poses a risk for sellers and estate agents of a residential property when listing it on the open market, as this could result in an extended list period, reducing the original asking price. This paper seeks to examine Gauteng’s West Rand residential property market and formulate a multi-variate regression model to best predict property prices, determined by a property’s structural characteristic. The research tracks residential sales from 1996 to 2009, a thirteen-year sample period from which a composite property index, to account for inflation and real house price growth, has been formalised. Correlation and regression analysis was used to interpret the data at the relevant significance level. In order to account for locational attributes present in property values, the data set was divided into locational quadrants and run as dummy variables. A further regression was run on a screened data set to create an ordinary least squares equation that could be used to show the relationship between property values and structural characteristics. The results indicated a good fit with an R2 of 69.5%. This regression was then applied practically to predict property prices for houses that have transacted in the West Rand property market, and plotted along a value/price graph using the 45-degree true value frontier line. The relevant results were then interpreted, and recommendations given.

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44

Chao-yeuan, Wu, and 吳兆遠. "A study on the characteristics of residential fire incidents — showcasing those that occurred in central governed municipalities." Thesis, 2002. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/71406564778523594319.

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碩士
輔仁大學
應用統計學研究所
90
The purpose of the study lies in examining the characteristics of residential fire in Taiwan’s urban settings and to heed to pertinent data on residential fire incidents concluded from the two central governed municipalities of Taipei and Kaohsiung in 2000 and 2001, together with monthly fire incident data of said two municipalities from 1992 to 2001 and that between 2000 and 2001 with which to conduct analytical studies. Upon establishing pertinent secondary data, packaged software of the Excel and SPSS are adopted as analytical tools for examining variables relating to residential fire focusing on the type of wire, timing of fire, cause of fire, number of casualty, number of injury, building structure and so forth. Analytical methods including descriptive statistics, directional analysis and cross analysis are used to derive required data for in-depth examination on the similarity and dissimilarity of the variables recorded at the two municipalities, followed by a characteristic comparison on said two municipalities on a yearly basis to further analyze the similarity and dissimilarity between the two. Study findings revealed that there are significant differences among variables such as the cause, timing, where ignited, building structures and so forth in that there is a higher tendency of fire incidents in Taipei as far as residential fire incidents in Taipei and Kaohsiung are concerned. While noticeably different in terms of timing of fire between the two municipalities, those occurred in Taipei most often take place between noon and six pm, whereas Kaoshiung at between six pm to midnight, largely of faulty electrical wiring and most often occurred in bedroom, living room and kitchen. Despite that the number of fire incidents in the two municipalities are on the decline, the state of casualty has not improved as much and the monetary losses remain exceeding high. Pertinent study findings are not only intended to serve as recommendation to local fire marshals and the general public in these two municipalities and also intended as vital references to local fire authorities urging that further classification be made to the timing of fire incidents in an attempt to establish an effective fire prevention strategy and an emergency rescue mode.

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45

Wang, Tzu-Hui, and 王慈慧. "The Research on the Analysis of Characteristics of Residential Fire – Case Study on New Taipei City Architectures." Thesis, 2015. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/v22ztm.

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碩士
中華科技大學
土木防災與管理碩士班
103
Owing to the occurrence of several severe residential fires in the past few years, the public has paid much more attention on the relevant policies as well as less casualty and damage. Statistics show that there were 722 fire accidents in New Taipei City from 2010 to 2014, and 342 cases were among them. New Taipei City has a large area with dense population, of over 3.9 millions, comparing to the six municipalities in Taiwan; which always causes serious casualty and damage during fires. Therefore, this research intends to analyze the characteristics and the main factors of residential fires based on the statistics statistical data from New Taipei City Fire Department. It is expected that the research can afford effective suggestions with policies on preventions for government. According to the residential fire database of New Taipei City constructed by the literature reviews and Secondary Data Analysis method, the research develops two major subjects by SPSS statistic software the characteristics by “frequency distribution table” and “Chi-squared test for goodness-of-fit”, and the interactive relevancies among spatiotemporal factor, structural factor, fire factor and the damage of fires by “Chi-squared test for independence”. The results identify winter is the most frequent time for residential fires, especially in January and February; the areas with population over 100 thousand, especially Sanchong and Banqiao , are the targeted ones. Approximately 77.5% of the fires occurred under five floors, and the major fire origin is the bedroom and the leading cause is the electrical factor. The further study to the fire factors by “Chi-squared test for independence” identifies the significant relevance between spatiotemporal and structural factor, between spatiotemporal and fire factor, as well as among . spatiotemporal factor, the structural factor, fire factor, and damage. Key Terms: Residential Fire, Secondary Data Analysis method, Chi-squared test for goodness-of-fit, Chi-squared test for indePendence

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46

Lin, Wan-Hsuan, and 林宛宣. "Research on the Association of Environmental Characteristics of Residential Burglary in Taipei City by Data Mining Techniques." Thesis, 2019. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/8z92y6.

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碩士
國立臺灣科技大學
建築系
107
According to the Statistics of Police Administration, the crime rate in Taiwan has declined in recent years, and the detection rate has also increased year by year. However, the proportion of residential burglary that directly affects law and order, residents' safety and living space is still high. Although the crime of residential burglary is higher than before, it has limited effectiveness in deterring criminals. Offenders often observe the surrounding environment to choose the crime target. If the environment is fully planned, it will inevitably reduce the incidence of residential burglary. Therefore, Crime Prevention Through Environmental Design (CPTED) is an important indicator for the future development of the city. Many scholars have proposed research on the prevention of residential burglary, but most of them start from the perspectives of population composition, criminal psychology, environmental space control, or only for architectural space. There is less mention of the connection between the location of the case and the urban environment. To effectively prevent crime, improve the composition of space, and improve the quality of life. This study will explore the relevant literature and use the cases provided by the Taipei City Government's open platform. It also cooperates with Google Maps and the Public Works Department of Taipei City Government to establish the surrounding environmental factors and construction data of residential burglary. Using the Clustering and Associative rules of Data Mining technology. It is found that the characteristics of residential burglary in Taipei City occur mostly in the adjacent roads with a width of 10 meters or more, the mixed residential commercial district and the clean streets. The results will provide the basis for police agencies and residents to examine the environment. As a model of design that can be referenced or avoided in urban development.

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47

WANG, HSUAN-KAI, and 王璿凱. "The Effects of Residential Communities Security Guards’ Work Values, Job Characteristics and Job Stress on Job Satisfaction." Thesis, 2016. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/09118910464573631272.

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碩士
大葉大學
工業工程與管理學系
104
In recent years, Taiwan's rapid economic growth, each industry is flourishing and continuous transformation, social booming. Increasing the national income, while the national drive for life and property safety requirements. Security company must pay attention to job satisfaction, community security guards, to give it a good value for its employees work a sense of accomplishment; the pay and benefits can have a better standard; an increase in the company of good employee communication to make it work for their good satisfaction, security personnel can make community service a good attitude and then to secure national dedication. This study investigated the work values of community security guards, working characteristics, the impact of work stress on job satisfaction, the employees in order to preserve for the study, issued a total of 350 questionnaires, 350 copies, 332 copies of valid questionnaires, efficiency 95% . In this study were to explore differences between variables of different backgrounds of the community security personnel, in order to Pearson correlation analysis and multiple regression analysis to investigate the work values of community security guards, working characteristics, the impact of work pressure on Job Satisfaction. The results show: Community security guards work values and job satisfaction No significant influence; community security personnel job characteristics on job satisfaction have a significant impact; community security guards work stress and job satisfaction have a significant influence.

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48

Hsun, Tsai Ming, and 蔡明勳. "2006-2012 Fine Particles Concentration Characteristics of Industrial Zone and Residential Areas: A Case Study of Kaohsiung City." Thesis, 2017. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/h5k6gv.

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碩士
國立屏東科技大學
環境工程與科學系所
106
This study collected the PM10 and PM2.5 monitoring data of four air quality monitoring stations (Nanzih, Zuoying, Qianzhen, and Xiaogang) Kaohsiung City from 2006 to 2012. The temporal and spacial characteristics of PM10, PM2.5, and PM2.5/PM10 were analyzed. The results showed that at all four stations(Nanzih, Zuoying, Qianzhen, and Xiaogang) the atmospheric PM10 and PM2.5 concentrations were the highest in wintertime and the lowest in summer from 2006 to 2012. The annual average PM10 concentrations were the highest at Nanzih, followed by Xiaogang, Qianzhen, and Zuoying, while the annual average PM2.5 concentrations were the highest at Xiaogang, followed by Qianzhen, Nanzih, and Zuoying. The seasonal average ratios of PM2.5/PM10 at four stations were usually higher than 0.5 (0.56~0.66, average 0.61±0.05), indicating that the atmospheric PM10 particles were mainly contributed by fine size particles (PM2.5). The PM2.5/PM10 ratios at four stations were higher in autumn and winter (0.56-0.65, average0.61±0.05) while lower in spring (0.56~0.59, average 0.57±0.02). At four stations, the annual average PM10 and PM2.5 concentrations decreased year by year from 2006 to 2012; furthermore, the lowest annual average PM10 and PM2.5 concentrations occurred in 2012. The findings of this study provide helpful information for government bodies to plan the control strategies of PM2.5 and PM10.

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49

Hsiung, Huang Chieh, and 黃雄. "A study of the Characteristics and Sources of Indoor and Outdoor PM1 in Residential Buildings of Taipei City." Thesis, 2001. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/28494193714670711711.

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碩士
國立臺灣大學
環境衛生研究所
89
The primary objective of this study was to investigate the mass concentrations of outdoor and indoor PM1 in Taipei’s apartments with cooking as the major indoor particle source. Particle number size distributions over the stove and before the cook’s nose were also measured during cooking, with the exhaust fans over the stoves turned on. Particulate n-alkanes with carbon numbers from 23 to 26 were used as tracers to evaluate the contribution of vehicular emissions to outdoor and indoor PM1. The sites selected for study included an apartment on the third floor in Zhong Shan district, and the other on the thirteenth floor in Da An district. The two apartments used natural gas for cooking (mostly sautéing and frying). Particle samples were collected in the living room ( 0.5 m above floor ) and at balcony ( 1 m above floor ), at a flowrate of 10 l/min by two Micro-environment Monitors ( Model 400 with a PM1 inlet, MSP Corp., Minneapolis, MN. USA ) with quartz fibers. Particle size distributions were determined by a Scanning Mobility Particle Sizer ( Model 3934, TSI Inc., St. Paul, MN, U.S.A. ) and an Aerodynamic Particle Sizer ( Model 3310A, TSI Inc., St. Paul, MN, USA. ). The sampling time was 8 hours (8 a.m. to 4 p.m.) for daytime samples and 12 hours (6 p.m. to 6 a.m.) for nighttime samples. After weighing, particle samples were extracted with CH2Cl2 and then analyzed for n-alkanes by a gas chromatography/flame ionization detector system ( HP 5890, Hewlett-Packard, Avondale, PA, USA ). During December 2000 through February 2001, a total of 32 sets of indoor and outdoor particle samples were collected. The results show that the I/O ratio of PM1 for the Zhong Shan apartments did not show a statistically significant difference between weekdays and weekends. There were no statistically significant differences in I/O ratio of PM1 during daytime between the days with cooking and the days without cooking. The particle number concentrations over the stove were markedly higher than those just before the cook’s nose indicating that the exhaust fans could removed the fume effectively. The distribution pattern of n-alkanes with respect to carbon number was similar between indoor and outdoor PM1, indicating that the particles in vehicular exhausts that penetrated through building envelopes were the major sources of indoor PM1. Estimates from the concentrations fractions of n-alkanes show that the vehicula emissions contributed 54% of outdoor PM1 and 49% of indoor PM1.

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50

Sherk, Theodore. "Residential Solar Energy Adoption in a Community Context: Perceptions and Characteristics of Potential Adopters in a West Toronto Neighbourhood." Thesis, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10012/6528.

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In the summer of 2007, a single neighbourhood in downtown Toronto contributed at least 13 percent of all residential grid???tie solar photovoltaic (PV) systems sold in the Canadian province of Ontario. On average, PV purchaser households produced 37 percent as much electricity as they consumed. This research investigates solar energy adoption in a community case study. Specifically, it investigates why some residents who sign up for a solar resource assessment through a community solar energy initiative (CSEI) decide to purchase, and others decide not to purchase in the short???term. Characteristics and perceptions of potential adopters are analyzed to better understand their motivations and barriers to adoption. Community energy projects became an official public policy goal in Ontario, with the passing of the Green Energy and Green Economy Act in 2009. Approximately 80 percent of Ontario???s anticipated generation capacity will need to be built, replaced or refurbished within 15 years. In this context, the Ontario Ministry of Energy, Ontario Power Authority, and Deloitte (one of Canada???s leading professional services firms), have partnered with a ???green benefit??? fund, the Community Power Fund, to help local community groups access resources to develop and establish renewable energy projects. Understanding solar energy adoption in a community context is therefore important to improve the effectiveness of such policies, including the disbursement of multi???million dollar grant funds. Differences between purchasers and non???purchasers in respect of adoption behaviour were found in this study to cluster around two general themes. The first theme concerns differences in compatibility of both the concept of solar energy systems, and their physical attributes, with characteristics of potential adopter households. Some compatibility issues are straightforward, e.g. availability of roof space with a southern orientation. Others are more complex, involving several interrelated perceptual and socio???demographic factors. For instance, while both purchasers and non???purchasers rated cost as a very important barrier, purchasers rated the motivation of solar energy systems to reduce climate change higher relative to the barrier of high financial costs than did non???purchasers. Purchasers were also more likely to possess a graduate degree, while non???purchasers were more likely to hold a professional degree. The second general theme relates to potential adopters??? trust and stake in the ability of the community???based initiative to reduce barriers in the adoption process. Since two types of solar energy systems are considered in the case study???PV and thermal (hot water)???differences are explored between each of three respondent groups: solar PV purchasers, solar hot water (SHW) purchasers, and non???purchasers. iv Surveys were used to gather data on adopter perceptions and characteristics. A participatory research design helped identify the research topic. Two main bodies of literature???community???based social marketing (CBSM) and diffusion of innovations theory???were drawn upon to conceptualize the adoption process and interpret the survey findings. These include five models of human behaviour that can be used to guide the design of CBSM campaigns. Diffusion theory was used as a basis for discussing ???perceived innovation attributes???. The study takes an integrated approach by considering both social and technical aspects of solar energy adoption, together with the issues of fuel substitution and household electricity demand.

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Residential characteristics'

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