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1
Horowitz, Shira R. "Topics in Residential Electric Demand Response." Research Showcase @ CMU, 2012. http://repository.cmu.edu/dissertations/197.
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Demand response and dynamic pricing are touted as ways to empower consumers, save consumers money, and capitalize on the “smart grid” and expensive advanced meter infrastructure. In this work, I attempt to show that demand response and dynamic pricing are more nuanced. Dynamic pricing is very appealing in theory but the reality of it is less clear. Customers do not always respond to prices. Price differentials are not always large enough for customers to save money. Quantifying energy that was not used is difficult.
In chapter 2, I go into more detail on the potential benefits of demand response. I include a literature review of residential dynamic pilots and tariffs to see if there is evidence that consumers respond to dynamic rates, and assess the conditions that lead to a response.
Chapter 3 explores equity issues with dynamic pricing. Flat rates have an inherent cross-subsidy built in because more peaky customers (who use proportionally more power when marginal price is high) and less peaky customers pay the same rates, regardless of the cost they impose on the system. A switch to dynamic pricing would remove this cross subsidy and have a significant distributional impact. I analyze this distributional impact under different levels of elasticity and capacity savings.
Chapter 4 is an econometric analysis of the Commonwealth Edison RTP tariff. I show that it is extremely difficult to find the small signal of consumer response to price in all of the noise of everyday residential electricity usage.
Chapter 5 looks at methods for forecasting, measuring, and verifying demand response in direct load control of air-conditioners. Forecasting is important for system planning. Measurement and verification are necessary to ensure that payments are fair. I have developed a new, censored regression based model for forecasting the available direct load control resource. This forecast can be used for measurement and verification to determine AC load in the counterfactual where DLC is not applied. This method is more accurate than the typical moving averages used by most ISO’s, and is simple, easy, and cheap to implement.
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Devine, Avis. "Three Essays in Residential Real Estate Topics: An Examination of Rental Tenure, Green Residential Construction Policy, and Green Residential Rental Rates." University of Cincinnati / OhioLINK, 2013. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ucin1377868387.
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Chuang, Tami Chia-Ling 1976. "Understanding residential density: the relationship between policy, measurement, and perception." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2001. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/8910.
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Thesis (M.C.P.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Urban Studies and Planning, 2001.Includes bibliographical references (p. 119-122).
For reasons of smart growth management, upcoming demographics changes, and escalating housing affordability concern, higher-density housing presents one fitting solution to future development challenges. Market conditions also seem favorable given increases in likely consumer population and the readiness of the real estate development industry. However, higher-density residences are still underrepresented housing typologies amidst a plethora of single-family homes. This thesis investigates how aspects of policy, measurement, and perception of density relate to each other in order to uncover predispositions and elucidate reasons for the perpetuation of current development patterns. A case in Fremont California was examined to contextualize and illustrate the findings presented, and recommendations were presented to suggest ways of overcoming current biases and shortcomings.
by Tami Chia-Ling Chuang.
M.C.P.
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Thomas, D. Janie. "Child care policy in Hong Kong : an exploratory case study." Thesis, University of Sussex, 1993. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.357272.
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Li, Chi-kwun. "Government policy and private residential housing market in Hong Kong, 1978-1983." [Hong Kong : University of Hong Kong], 1985. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record.jsp?B12318322.
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Johnson, Jeffrey. "Infrastructure finance and residential growth management policy in Montgomery County, Maryland." CONNECT TO ELECTRONIC THESIS, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/1961/3603.
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Sarkeyeva, Rosanna. "Kyrgyz energy policy in transition : price reforms and residential electricity demand." Thesis, University of Reading, 2007. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.487238.
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In the transition from a centrally planned system to a market economy many former socialist economies launched comprehensive reforms that involved liberalising energy markets. The extent to which energy utilities have been liheralised differs from country to country; in the case of Kyrgyzstan there are still many indications of market distortions due to the persistence of the soft budget constraints. In this context this study investigates possible effects of electricity price reforms on overall welfare, which includes the analysis of electricity demand elasticities, substitutability of electricity, ability and willingness to pay a higher price. The empirical study is based on a representative sample of Kyrgyz households' energy consumption in 1999, which consists of 2993 observations. Results show: first, that households' electricity demand is inelastic with respect to own price changes (-0.59) and to changes in income (0.21). The illustrated net welfare gains from a gradual decrease in electricity subsidy are significant (up to 2% of GDP). Second, there are no strong substitutes for electricity, whereas electricity is the flrst-best substitute of the other energy resources available to ; households. Third, two-thirds of households have a capacity to pay increased electricity prices, while the remaining one-third needs a targeted assistance in order to be able to pay. The most influential factors of the willingness to pay are income, quality ofelectricity supply and payment arrears. Results of this study suggest that efficiency distortions in the Kyrgyz energy market can be alleviated by abolishing subsidies and hardening the budget constraint. Equity concerns are best tackled by replacing subsidies and discounts with more targeted tools, such as direct cash transfers. Its findings are relevant for the current electric,ty sector reform debate because they suggest ample scope for improving the efficiency of electricity utilisation without hurting the poorest part ofthe population.
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Wrenn, Douglas Harvey II. "Three Essays on Residential Land Development." The Ohio State University, 2012. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1354563794.
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Min, Jungwon S. M. Massachusetts Institute of Technology. "Cross-user subsidy in residential broadband service." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/34538.
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Thesis (S.M.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Engineering Systems Division, Technology and Policy Program; and, (S.M.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, 2005.Includes bibliographical references (p. 38-40).
The rapid growth of Internet traffic has made Internet Service Providers (ISP) struggle to upgrade network capacity and to maintain service quality. The increase in the broadband usage impacts the cost of an ISP through usage-associated costs such as incremental usage cost, cost for expanding the network capacity, and cost from subscriber churns. This paper attempts to understand the relation between broadband usage and incremental usage cost. This thesis addresses issues on connecting the broadband usage to the usage-sensitive costs. How much do the light users spend to support the heavy users by paying the equal usage fee? To answer the question, it should be investigated how much incremental cost is generated by using networks and how the traffic load is distributed over the users. The research is based on the commercial broadband usage data sample and the published financial statements from a major broadband service provider in Korea, Korea Telecom. Analyzing the broadband usage reveals to us what the usage distribution looks like and how the distribution evolves over time.
(cont.) By examining the published financial data, the cost directly associated with the broadband usage is estimated. The usage distribution and the estimated cost is incorporated to find an answer to how much burden the light users are carrying to subsidize the heavy users on the network under the current flat usage fee system.
by Jungwon Min.
S.M.
10
Baek, Youngsun. "Responsiveness of residential electricity demand to changes in price, information, and policy." Diss., Georgia Institute of Technology, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/39581.
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This study analyzes consumers' behavioral responsiveness to changes in price and policy regarding residential electricity consumption, using a hybrid method of econometric analyses and energy market simulations with the National Energy Modeling System (NEMS). First, this study estimates price elasticities of residential electricity demand with the most recent Residential Energy Consumption Survey (RECS) data, collected in 2005, employing a conventional econometric model and a discrete/continuous choice model. Prior to the NEMS experiments with price shocks and consumers' behavioral features, this study uses NEMS to examine how energy policies would affect changes in retail electricity price in the future.
When climate policies are implemented nationally, electricity prices are estimated to increase by 17% in 2030 with a carbon cap and trade initiatives and by 4% with Renewable Electricity Standards (RES). The short-run elasticity of demand estimated from the 2005 RECS is found to be in a range of -0.81 ~ -0.66, which is more elastic than the current NEMS assumption of -0.15. The 2005 RECS dataset details information about American households' energy consumption. This rich source of micro-level data complements the existing econometric analysis based on time series data.
Electricity price (either census-division average price or household average price), annual income and number of rooms are found to be three major determinants of the level of electricity consumption. The difference in short-run price elasticity leads to a difference in social welfare estimates of energy policies and energy market forecasts. This study suggests that the estimate of social welfare loss caused by electricity price increase is overestimated if the elasticity is assumed to be smaller than the actual responsiveness. Supposing that 1) the short-run elasticity of -0.66 reflects the actual consumers' responsiveness to price changes in the present and future and 2) retail
electricity prices permanently increase by 10%, the welfare loss caused by the price increases would be estimated 0.9 billion dollars less than the current estimates with the elasticity of -0.15. This result suggests that if people are assumed to be more elastic to price signals, the time it takes for a policy to accomplish its goal could be shorter.
In addition to assessing potential savings expected from consumers' behavioral changes with the concept of price elasticity of demand in neoclassical economic theory, this study reviews economic and non-economic theories about behavioral features of energy consumers and discusses how existing information programs could be improved.
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Ellis, Ronald L. "Residential land use policy and conservation development in the Blanco River Basin /." View online, 2006. http://ecommons.txstate.edu/arp/110/.
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Li, Chi-kwun, and 李志坤. "Government policy and private residential housing market in Hong Kong,1978-1983." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 1985. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B31974521.
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Chan, Kam Tong, and 陳錦棠. "The provision of residential child-care service under six: a policy analysis." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 1987. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B42128286.
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Gordon, M. A. "Planning for sense of community in residential development : an achievable policy objective?" Thesis, Queen's University Belfast, 2003. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.273039.
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Chan, Kam Tong. "The provision of residential child-care service under six : a policy analysis /." Click to view the E-thesis via HKUTO, 1987. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record/B42128286.
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Davis, Noel R. "Effects of planning and policy decisions on residential land use in Singapore." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/72625.
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Thesis (S.M. in Building Technology)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Architecture, 2012.This electronic version was submitted by the student author. The certified thesis is available in the Institute Archives and Special Collections.
Cataloged from student-submitted PDF version of thesis.
Includes bibliographical references (p. 191-197).
A study of current land use in Singapore shows that through effective long-term space planning, the island city-state has maintained an adequate stock of developable residential land to meet its most ambitious maximum population projections. Two indicators of residential land use efficiency are defined: Residential Land Use Footprint, [Lambda]r, measures the per-capita residential land requirement; Mean Residential Redevelopment Time, [Tau]r, defines the weighted average time for the government to redevelop a typical plot of residential land. A dynamic stock-and- ow model is described to calculate the historical residential land use footprint and mean residential redevelopment time between 1990 and 2011. Finding that the primary driver of residential land use footprint is the change in household occupant density, a System Dynamics model is developed to simulate the historical housing price, supply response, and occupant density. Using a stock management structure to modulate housing supply and commodity dynamics structures to determine housing prices, the calibrated model is used to forecast the behavior trends of several housing policy and population growth scenarios.
by Noel R. Davis.
S.M.in Building Technology
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Glenn, Diana T. "Residential Landscape Water Check Programs: Exploring a Conservation Tool." DigitalCommons@USU, 2010. https://digitalcommons.usu.edu/etd/836.
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In response to drought and regional growth in the arid western United States, urban water demand management is increasingly important. Single family residences use approximately 60% of their water consumption to irrigate landscapes often in excess of plant water requirements. This study utilized a quasi-experimental design to investigate outdoor water consumption and assess the effectiveness of a landscape water check conservation program. Study objectives included describing a contextualized landscape system to reveal variables influencing water use, identifying better ways to evaluate landscape water use, and more effectively targeting and delivering water conservation programs.
The study was conducted during the 2004 and 2005 irrigation seasons in Logan City, Utah, in connection with a city-sponsored water check program. In Utah's sixth year of drought, free water checks were offered to all city households and delivered to 148 self-selected volunteers (2004) and 101 recruits from a target sample of above-average water users (2005). The site-specific approach incorporated landscape water checks to inspect residential landscapes, historical ETo data to create irrigation water schedules, survey data to assess water conservation behavior and the effectiveness of a water check program as a conservation tool, remote sensing data to develop household water budgets, and city water billing records to evaluate water consumption during a six-year period (2002 - 2007).
The data analysis informed creation of a conceptual framework of the residential landscape system that describes the complex systems thinking required to use water effectively. Water use case studies illustrate the interplay of system domains; site, plant material, irrigation technology, and behavior. Several assessment and monitoring tools were developed to aid in data analysis, which include the Urban Landscape Water Index and Conservation Outcomes Assessment and Intervention Evaluation Tools. Key research findings reveal the influence of sprinkler system controllers, adoption of recommended water schedule and conservation measures, and residential mobility on subsequent water use.
Research findings shed light on the complex and contextualized nature of water use in relation to residential landscapes and on methodological issues involved in evaluating conservation program effectiveness. These findings have important implications for the design and implementation of outdoor water conservation programs.
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Jacob, Hassler. "Long term trends of residential segregation in relation to housing policy in Stockholm : Following indicators of residential segregation over time through spatial analysis." Thesis, Umeå universitet, Institutionen för geografi, 2019. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-159964.
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This thesis explores the development of residential segregation over a long time period in Stockholm, Sweden. By following the spatial distribution of two socio- economic indicators and two indicators of housing characteristics between 1930 and 2015, it describes how changing housing policy has affected the indicators. Historic data was gathered and compiled in a longitudinal data base. Spatial analysis of the variables produced results that indicate spatio-temporal variation in all variables, and indicate a central-peripheral pattern that has developed and persisted for long time periods. Variation in spatial distributions of the variables is furthermore connected to changes in undertaken housing policy. Regression models also indicate that the characteristics of residential segregation has arguably been different in different times. The long time period is argued to be important in segregation research because of the longevity of many segregation processes. Following continuous indices of residential segregation over long time periods is important as it may help us understand contemporary trends better, conversely creating better knowledge for policy makers when counter segregation policy is implemented. Long time approaches are, however, lacking the literature, motivating the analysis performed in this thesis.
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Armstrong, Jack. "Crime Reduction Strategies of Florida Sheriff's Offices Related to Residential Burglaries." ScholarWorks, 2017. https://scholarworks.waldenu.edu/dissertations/4197.
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In Florida, the law enforcement response to burglaries is estimated to cost $1.3 billion, yet little is understood about whether specific types of enforcement and investigation strategies have an impact on reducing the incidence of burglary. Using Cohen and Felson's concept of guardianship as part of routine activities theory as the foundation, the purpose of this quantitative cross-sectional study was to examine whether any or all crime reduction strategies (community policing, intelligence led policing, Compare Statistics policing, traditional policing, hot spot policing, and evidence based policing) when combined with urbanity, household income, the sworn officers per 1000 population are statistically associated with reductions in burglary rates. Data were collected from 64 of the 67 sheriff's offices in Florida through a researcher developed survey. Data were analyzed using multiple linear regression. Findings indicate that there is no statistical significance between type of crime reduction strategy and burglary rates. Median household income was the only covariate associated with residential burglaries with areas of higher incomes associated with lower burglary rates (p = .023). The positive social change implications stemming from this study include recommendations for law enforcement officials to examine how they are engaging in guardianship in less affluent communities and developing a measurement on how to evaluate crime reduction strategies that are more mutually exclusive with clearly defined outcomes. Implementation of these recommendations may reduce burglaries thereby promoting safer communities and mediating financial and emotional losses experienced by community members.
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Lampley, James, and Donald W. Good. "Residential Broadband Access for Students at a Tennessee Community College." Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2010. https://dc.etsu.edu/etsu-works/3015.
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The purpose of this study was to determine the availability of internet access for students attending a community college in east Tennessee during the spring semester 2010. In particular, it is unknown to what degree broadband internet access is available in the counties that the college considers its service area. The research was conducted during the spring semester 2010 including the months February, March, and April of 2010. Data were gathered by surveying currently enrolled students of the college. Twelve percent of the population responded to the study. The survey instrument covered the areas of demographics, internet connection type from home, and usage of that internet service for coursework. The results of the data analysis gave insight into what degree‐seeking students of the college had access to highspeed internet from their homes. For example, over 20% of the respondents did not have an internet connection at all or have only dial‐up available at their home. Thirty percent were dissatisfied with their current high‐speed internet service. Approximately 64% thought high‐speed internet was very important in completing coursework. The study provided an increase in the body of knowledge on internet access for students and increased the body of knowledge for internet availability in the surrounding counties of the institution.
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Yanuaria, Cathrina. "Evaluation criteria for transport : an analysis of local policy implementation towards sustainable residential development /." Curtin University of Technology, Department of Urban and Regional Planning, 2004. http://espace.library.curtin.edu.au:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=15332.
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One of the most important issues influencing urban areas is that of sustainable residential development. In this regard, formulation and implementation of policies relating to transport play a major role in decreasing the amount of energy consumed and greenhouse gases released into the atmosphere. This awareness of the major role of transport posed the main research question “Have transport elements in policies for residential development in Western Australia been implemented on the ground in the Perth Metropolitan Region?” Since this study focuses on and evaluates the implementation of residential planning policy on the ground at local level, it uses case study areas (Joondalup and Woodlake) deemed benchmark of sustainable development within the Perth Metropolitan Region in Western Australia. Policies for residential development and sections on transport (towards sustainable development) were collected and from this, evaluation criteria were drawn to be measured against their implementation. Then, field observation, and household questionnaire surveys were conducted to check and identify the extent of implementation. Subsequently, semi-structured interviews with policy players were undertaken to clarify findings and factors influencing (impeding or supporting) policy implementation. The findings of this research indicate that Joondalup (planned and developed more than two decades ago) was more sustainable in transport terms than Woodlake (developed nearly a decade ago) when measured against policies at the time of the planning and development phases. But when the case study areas were measured against current policy objectives and new evaluation criteria for transport towards sustainable development, Woodlake performs better.It may not be surprising that in future Woodlake might be considered less sustainable than it is now. It signifies that policies and residential planning standards have improved to a certain degree over time. Improvement is also apparent in the translation of international and national policies to lower-level policies. Recommendations propose what could be performed better in future, based on what has been learnt from past experience.
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Yiannakou, Athina. "Residential land development and urban land policy in Greece : the case of Greater Thessaloniki." Thesis, London School of Economics and Political Science (University of London), 1993. http://etheses.lse.ac.uk/1233/.
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Leung, Man-fuk Edward, and 梁萬福. "An analysis of policy on residential nursing care for the elderly in Hong Kong." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 1992. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B31964084.
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Leung, Man-fuk Edward. "An analysis of policy on residential nursing care for the elderly in Hong Kong." [Hong Kong : University of Hong Kong], 1992. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record.jsp?B13236222.
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Rogers, Robert S. (Robert Stockton) 1971. "Diffusion strategy for residential solar hot water systems in the U.S. : technical, economic, and stakeholder analyses." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 1998. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/9931.
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Kwok, Yuk-fung, and 郭玉鋒. "A review of the government intervention on private residential property after economic turmoil." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2009. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B44400834.
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Munuera, Luis. "Technology-rich economic modelling and analysis of residential heating systems for low carbon policy support." Thesis, Imperial College London, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10044/1/42878.
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The expectation is that by 2050 in order to mitigate climate change damage little or no fossil fuel will be delivered to homes in the UK. The issue of decarbonising heat has only recently won recognition. The UK Government has launched ambitious policy instruments aimed at both reducing heating consumption and decreasing the carbon intensity of heat supply. The current consensus calls for decarbonisation of heat via electrification, largely a product of national energy system modelling exercises. However, it is argued here these studies have not fully exploited the consequences of the kind of optimisation that would occur under competitive pressure between the different solutions at the level they are deployed. Nor have the external factors that would delimit competing technologies, such as heat densities, or non-economic constraints, been identified under the conditions of a fossil-fuel free economy. The problem is exacerbated by a lack of real experience in the UK with many low carbon heating technologies; new datasets on technology performance are becoming available that are questioning the suitability of aggregate modelling. This thesis explores the adequacy of current analytical tools and data for modelling the transition towards low carbon residential heat. A spatially-explicit techno-economic model is developed to analyse the low carbon transition at multiple scales, exploiting emerging data sources that are allowing new modelling techniques to support robust policy-making. Explicit consideration is given to the role of heat pumps, given their significance in the policy discourse, advancing the impacts of the real field performance of emerging technologies. The results in this thesis point towards the necessity of incorporating detailed representations of the built environment in classical modelling approaches, along with spatial allocation of demands and deployment constraints. To complement the techno-economic modelling, a socio-technical perspective on low grade heat technology transition is applied. This suggests drivers of past transitions need to be understood in a broader context beyond cost and efficiency, and reinforces the importance of scale and space. In turn, institutions may not be adequately aligned to capture the diversity of options and the heterogeneity of users and built infrastructure in current residential heat policy-making.
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Prestwood, Emily. "Energy use and related emissions of the UK residential sector : quantitative modelling and policy implications." Thesis, Loughborough University, 2016. https://dspace.lboro.ac.uk/2134/21301.
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Reducing energy demand and carbon emissions from the UK housing stock through efficiency improvements is the focus of policy interest. The 2008 UK Climate Change Act set legally binding targets of an 80% reduction in greenhouse gas emissions against a 1990 baseline. The majority of emissions in the residential sector are carbon dioxide emissions arising from energy used for heating homes and water, cooking, lighting and electrical appliances. The sector s contribution to total UK emissions is significant and therefore reducing energy use in homes is an important factor if the UK is to meet its targets. In this research an initial survey of studies of the residential sector has been conducted to review factors considered to influence energy use and related emissions in UK housing. Further review identified energy and climate change policy instruments and structural change in the energy supply sector between 1970 and the present. A subsequent time-line of policy and events describes the changing, historical policy landscape related to energy efficiency improvements in the sector. As a result of these reviews, a need to better understand how householders have responded to technical energy efficiency improvements in housing, and the influence of social and economic factors, was identified as a research gap. In order to model householders historical behaviour Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) was identified as an innovative approach for this field of research as a potential means to measure sector efficiency in a new way. The analysis has two stages. In the first, DEA is used to measure the relative efficiency with which the UK housing sector has managed its energy use and related emissions to deliver energy services such as space heating and lighting to householders. In the second stage, multiple regressions are used to examine whether the variability over time in the efficiency measure can be explained by policy interventions, energy market developments, and economic and social factors. DEA is a method for modelling the relative performance efficiency with which an observed sample converts measurable inputs to quantitative outputs. In this research, samples consist of annual observations of the UK housing stock, using data largely taken from DECC s UK housing energy fact file. An efficiency frontier of performance enveloping the observed sample points as closely as possible is constructed through DEA mathematical programming. The core of the analysis lies in identifying relevant quantitative input and output measures from available data. A range of measures of comfort and energy service levels to represent energy service outputs, and household energy and emissions data to represent inputs are examined in the analysis. The result is a timeline of efficiency performance that can be related to socio-economic change and the history of policy interventions. The analysis shows that the efficiency of the UK housing stock to manage its energy use and related emissions has not followed the steady upward trend that might have been expected from technical innovation. There is evidence of rebound effects over time, with householders behaviour in response to technical efficiency improvements acting to raise comfort levels rather than lower energy usage. Nevertheless, statistically significant roles can be identified for factors such as income, price and tenure which have implications for policy design and control and lead to a number of policy recommendations.
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Ng, How-man Helen. "An analysis of the Hong Kong residential property market with reference to the government's housing policy /." Hong Kong : University of Hong Kong, 1998. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record.jsp?B19908891.
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Madan, Tanvir Singh. "End-use electrification in the residential sector : a general equilibrium analysis of technology advancements." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/72900.
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Thesis (S.M. in Technology and Policy)-- Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Engineering Systems Division, Technology and Policy Program, 2012.Cataloged from PDF version of thesis.
Includes bibliographical references (p. 59-60).
The residential sector in the U.S. is responsible for about 20% of the country's primary energy use (EIA, 2011). Studies estimate that efficiency improvements in this sector can reduce household energy consumption by over 25% by 2020 (McKinsey Global Energy and Materials, 2009). In this thesis, given the increasing amount of attention that both policy-makers and industry are giving to residential energy use, I examine the implications of end-use electrification and efficiency improvements in households. In particular, I focus on high efficiency electric technologies for heating and cooling (referred to as HVAC) needs. Advancements in technologies such as heat pumps are beginning to make the economic case for switching from end-uses of gas to end-uses of electricity in the residential sector. I examine the implications of such end-use electrification, ranging from its impact on energy consumption to its contribution to the abatement of greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. I use the MIT Emissions Prediction and Policy Analysis (EPPA) model, a computable general equilibrium model, to analyze the research question. The EPPA model captures full economy-wide impacts of policy mandates and technology changes. First, I added further detail to household energy consumption in the model. Then, I introduced technology changes corresponding to advanced electric technologies for residential heating and cooling and tested their impact with policies that either support or inhibit their entry into the marketplace. I find two interesting results from the analysis. First, if policies are enacted to support advanced electric HVAC technologies, they displace end-uses of gas and increase household electricity consumption. Second, household end-use electrification in the U.S. leads to an increase in overall emissions in the economy, given that the overall emissions of any electric appliance depend not only on the end-use efficiency of the appliance but also on the efficiency of generating and distributing electricity. Thus, end use electrification only helps in emissions abatement if the power sector becomes less carbon intensive.
by Tanvir Singh Madan.
S.M.in Technology and Policy
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Teater, Barbra A. "Residential mobility and the Section 8 Housing Choice Voucher Program factors predicting mobility and the residential decision-making process of recipients /." Columbus, Ohio : Ohio State University, 2006. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc%5Fnum=osu1164641312.
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Keane, Margaret Christine. "Ethnic residential change in Belfast 1969-1977 : the impact of public housing policy in a plural society." Thesis, Queen's University Belfast, 1985. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.329563.
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Leung, Chui-shan, and 梁翠珊. "The effectiveness of government's intervention on building management of multi-ownership residential buildings in Hong Kong." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2004. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B45008139.
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Andrews, Gavin John. "Private residential care for elderly people : a socio-spatial study in Devon of the impacts of care in the community policy in the 1990s." Thesis, University of Nottingham, 1997. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.339646.
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Johnson-Hart, Lallen Tyrone. "Residential Outcomes of HOPE VI Relocatees in Richmond, VA." VCU Scholars Compass, 2007. http://scholarscompass.vcu.edu/etd/1413.
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In 1997 the Richmond Redevelopment and Housing Authority received a HOPE VI grant from the U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development in the amount of $26.9 million to revitalize the Blackwell scattered site public housing community. The mixed income approach of HOPE VI calls for a reduction of public housing units, thus requiring all households to relocate to other neighborhoods. This research analyzed socioeconomic data to examine the relocation of households, assess whether they moved to better neighborhoods, and compare them to other poor households. Over half of all households moved to other distressed neighborhoods in the Northside, East End, and Southside sections of Richmond. While voucher households moved to better neighborhoods, public housing households appeared to move to neighborhoods of similar and worse quality than Blackwell. Overall, relocated households moved to less stable communities than other poor households. Research suggests that a regional approach is needed to open suburban housing options to low-income families in order to effectively deconcentrate poverty.
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Ng, How-man Helen, and 吳巧文. "An analysis of the Hong Kong residential property market with reference to the government's housing policy." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 1998. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B31269138.
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Chan, Siu-kuen, and 陳少娟. "Major factors contributing to rising residential property prices in Hong Kong." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 1996. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B31967887.
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Choi, Tsz-ping, and 蔡子平. "Government intervention in property market and its public response : a study of stamp duties and other measures in Hong Kong." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10722/207669.
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This paper studies the effect of government measures on Hong Kong’s property market. Government intervention appeared to describe the involvement and engagement of government in property market. Nowadays, the problems of supply-demand imbalance exist in Hong Kong’s property market, leading to high property price. The government is liable to intervene in the market in order to maintain the stability of economy and society. For demand-side measures, the government introduced three property cooling measures on stamp duty taxation adjustments and successfully stabilized the overheated residential property market. For supply-side measures, the government regularly initiated the role of Annual Land Sale Programme. The resumption of Home Ownership Scheme (HOS) in 2011 also increased the supply of housing to middle-income households and youngers to fulfill their aspiration of homeownership. A questionnaire survey was conducted to collect public responses on the above government measures and results showed that most of the respondents supported the above government measures.published_or_final_version
Housing Management
Master
Master of Housing Management
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Perelman, Jenna. "Increasing Energy Efficiency in Existing Residential Buildings: A Case Study of the Community Home Energy Retrofit Project (CHERP)." Scholarship @ Claremont, 2016. http://scholarship.claremont.edu/scripps_theses/793.
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This thesis uses a case study of the Community Home Energy Retrofit Project (CHERP) and it analyzes the larger statewide effort in California to increase energy efficiency in existing residential buildings to reduce greenhouse gas emissions. CHERP’s primary strategy is to embed itself into a community, educate residents on the multiple benefits of energy efficiency, and inspire them to take energy-saving actions in their own homes. It then builds its own community by connecting like-minded individuals together and provides an opportunity for them to exercise their political agency. This thesis analyzes CHERP’s effort in the context of the political, social, and economic climate of California. It identifies three obstacles for widespread energy efficiency adoption: one, CHERP’s lack of funding to support permanent staff and pay for collateral materials; two, low access to energy efficiency measures for low-income households and renters; and three, a lack of high quality home performance contractors that perform energy efficiency upgrades utilizing a whole-house energy systems approach. The thesis concludes with five recommendations to overcome these issues.
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Pineda, Christopher Julius. "Finding a Home: Latino Residential Influx into Progress Village, 1990-2010." Scholar Commons, 2015. http://scholarcommons.usf.edu/etd/6014.
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Progress Village in Tampa Florida was developed in the late 1950s in response to the dislocation of black families during the construction of Interstate-4. Furthermore this community became an opportunity for many black and more specifically, African American families, to live in a community devoid of racist attitudes and tensions rampant in inner city Tampa at the time. For over thirty years this community’s residential population was overwhelmingly (90 percent) black or African American. In the 1990s though this community would begin to experience the first wave of Latino residents and by 2000 this group would comprise over 2 percent of the population. Moreover by 2010 this community’s Latino population would soar to over 14 percent of the total population. This project is a case study of Latino migration into a small historically Black residential community. This work examines a plethora of sources ranging from newspaper articles (New York Times, Sun Sentinel, Progress Village Pioneer, etc.), scholarly articles, government data (U.S. Census), and primary research in the form of survey data and interviews from current Latino residents. All these sources are incorporated to argue that evolving federal immigration policies, shifting migration patterns, and economic factors (affordable housing and employment) all played a vital role in this recent and ongoing influx. This research adds to the existing scholarship of Latino migration in the U.S. by demonstrating how small predominantly African American communities like Progress Village are diversified by all these factors.
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Roth, Kellyn E. (Kellyn Elizabeth) 1975. "The air pollution implications of the residential sector : case study of the Mexico City Metropolitan Area." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/29951.
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Thesis (S.M.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Engineering Systems Division, Technology and Policy Program; and, Thesis (S.M.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Urban Studies and Planning, 2003.Includes bibliographical references (p. 121-131).
The residential sector has been a long-acknowledged, but seldom-addressed, source of air pollution in the Mexico City Metropolitan Area (MCMA). The combination of high emission levels and large numbers of people directly exposed means that the indoor environment is a unique situation. If current trends of demographic growth, urbanization and increased appliance saturation continue, the urgency to address residential sector emissions will increase considerably. Additionally, households have wide-reaching impacts on many sectors including industry through the demand for appliances, power generation and fuel suppliers through the demand for energy, services through the demand for infrastructure, and many more. Through recent efforts, researchers at MIT and in Mexico have attempted to understand and represent the residential sector, to identify and mitigate emissions release and exposure, most of which is energy-related. To reduce energy consumption, and thus emissions, in the home several strategies have been considered: reduced and improved use of fuel; increased energy efficiency; fuel leakage prevention and improved practices; improved building efficiency; and improved fuel transmission and delivery. Another issue of concern in this sector is the use of toxic solvents. Household air pollution reduction strategy outcomes are difficult to predict because of the diversity of households (e.g., size, income, location) within the residential sector. Determination of the factors that affect energy consumption and household behavior would be very useful to decision makers as they develop more targeted policies for the provision of energy services and reduction of household-generated emissions.
by Kellyn E. Roth.
S.M.
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Matthews, John William. "The Effect of Proximity to Commercial Uses on Residential Prices." Diss., Georgia Institute of Technology, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/10496.
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As distance from a house to retail sites decreases the price of a house should increase, ceteris paribus, because of increased shopping convenience. On the other hand, as distance decreases price should also decrease because the house is exposed to increased spillover of disamenities noise, light, traffic, etc. from the retail use. The study uses Computer Assisted Mass Appraisal data and a parcel level Geographic Information system map from King County (Seattle) Washington. An hedonic process is used to estimate the price effects of both the expected positive and negative price effects. Travel distance is a proxy for convenience and Euclidian distance is a proxy for negative spillovers. Standard hedonic housing price variables are used for control along with distance to other classes of non-residential uses and indexes of neighborhood street layout and connectivity. In traditional gridiron neighborhood, both convenience and negative spillovers have the expected effect on housing price. The net effect is a price effect curve with a net decrease in price at very short distances between houses and retail sites. But, beyond a short distance to the extent of convenient walking distance (about mile) the net effect is positive. In a non-traditional edge city type neighborhood, there is no effect, either positive or negative. This is due to the much greater distances between residential uses and retail uses in this type neighborhood that result from zoning that segregates land uses and long travel distance resulting from curvilinear street layout.
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Inzunza, Besio Andrés. "Distributional effects of net metering policies and residential solar plus behind-the-meter storage adoption." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2020. https://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/127171.
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Thesis: S.M. in Technology and Policy, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, School of Engineering, Institute for Data, Systems, and Society, May, 2020Cataloged from the official PDF of thesis.
Includes bibliographical references (pages 66-70).
Several authors argue that net metering schemes (NEM), typically implemented to incentivize investment on distributed energy resources (DER), could be regressive, given that DER adopters in the U.S. are wealthier on average than non-adopters and due to the possibility that DER owners shift certain costs onto passive customers. By using a dataset containing close to 100,000 customers' half-hourly load data and income quintiles from Chicago, IL, we simulate the operation of residential solar and behind-the-meter battery systems under 20%, 45% and 70% adoption levels and calculate both resulting bills for every client in the dataset, as well as cost shifts arising from the combination of NEM and the allocation of network and policy costs (i.e., residual costs) through volumetric charges (i.e., in $/kWh). Additionally, we consider different tariff designs. Results show that the combination of NEM schemes and recovery of residual costs through volumetric charges may cause important cost shifting effects from DER adopters onto non-adopters, rising equity and fairness concerns. Firstly, under NEM schemes, we calculate that adopter customers may, on average, obtain bill reductions of 71% when installing solar or solar plus storage, whereas non-adopters can see their bills increased 18% in high DER penetration scenarios (i.e., 45% penetration). Moreover, under the same NEM schemes, 45% adoption and considering solar plus storage adoption alone, we calculate that customers from the two lowest income quintiles may suffer bill increases in the 16-19% range on average, while removing NEM schemes reduces these increases to the 11-12% range.
by Andrés Inzunza Besio.
S.M. in Technology and Policy
S.M.inTechnologyandPolicy Massachusetts Institute of Technology, School of Engineering, Institute for Data, Systems, and Society
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De, Bellis Anita Marie, and anita debellis@flinders edu au. "Behind Open Doors - A Construct of Nursing Practice in an Australian Residential Aged Care Facility." Flinders University. School of Nursing & Midwifery, 2006. http://catalogue.flinders.edu.au./local/adt/public/adt-SFU20061107.122002.
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This thesis explored the relationship between the discourses of nursing care, the nursing care provision, and the perceived nursing care needs of three highly dependent residents in a residential aged care facility in Australia. Residential aged care in this country has undergone major reforms since 1987 and the nursing profession has struggled with these changes because of the documentation, validation, and accreditation requirements; the inadequate determination of dependency on nursing care for funding; the Registered Nurse (RN) being removed from the bedside to a role of scribe and delegator; the increasing acuity and complexity of the residents' needs; an increase in the turnover of residents; a rise in the nursing staff attrition rate; the delivery of care by untrained and unqualified persons; the RN being accountable and responsible for the care given by 'non-nurses' from a distance; and, the inadequate skill mix and staff to resident ratios provided in these institutions. The interest of this thesis was to research gerontological nursing practice in the context of residential aged care.
Residential Aged Care Facilities (RACFs) in Australia that care for the highly dependent elderly were identified in the thesis as disciplinary institutions that used 'subjectivation' as a means to control the efficiency and effectiveness of the labour force and the 'docile' bodies of the residents, whilst at the same time the government rhetoric is that of the quality of life standards and the rights of residents in these institutions. As well as the discourse analysis, an historical overview of the aged care reforms in Australia was undertaken for the period from 1975 to 2006 that demonstrated the effects the reforms have had on the voice of nurses and nursing care in these institutions. This analysis highlighted where nurses have been silenced and found the federal government determining what is nursing care and what is not nursing care, and also who is providing this nursing care.
Using a case study approach and discourse analysis each of the three residents was studied using data from five sources namely the resident or relative, a RN, a careworker (CW), the current documentation pertaining to the resident's nursing care, and the non-participant observation of the nursing care provided. These discourses on the nursing care and perceived residents' nursing care needs were analysed using the theoretical base developed from the philosophy and research interest of Michel Foucault (1926-1984), who questioned the apparatus and institutions of Western cultures and searched for discontinuities in the practices of what he termed 'disciplines'.
The results of the discourse analysis found nursing care practices that were alarming around the residents' perceived nursing care needs, the documentation of the nursing care provision, and the observed 'actual' nursing care provided. A questionable standard of nursing care was evidenced even though this facility had recently been accredited. A custodial level of mechanistic care was provided to residents in an extremely noisy and public environment within a culture of haste and bustle by unknowledgeable CWs, under the distant gaze of a RN, and the direction of the government documentation requirements. This resulted in unsafe, unethical, unprofessional, and negligent practices, as well as fraudulent, illegal, and dangerously out of date documentation practices. This was ultimately affecting each resident's quality of life, nursing care, and wellbeing and was an added burden on the residents' relatives. Many discontinuities, dissonances, conflicts, and contradictions in nursing practice were uncovered for these three highly dependent residents that may be transferable and similar to other highly dependent residents in this and other institutions. Indeed it may mirror other disciplines that provide care services, such as mental health care, acute care, and disability care provision.
The concerns for the nursing profession have epistemological, ethical, and political ramifications for the residents and their relatives, the nurses, the non-nurses doing nursing work, the government, and the industry. Epistemologically new nursing 'knowledges' were being developed that were not resident focussed or based on evidence. Ethically, the legislated rights of residents were not being supported, despite the accreditation, funding, and complaint mechanisms in place - and this has the potential to have punitive ramifications for the industry. Professionally and politically, CWs were identified as non-nurses doing nursing work of a poor standard. This care was not based on accepted nursing practice, but developed through the documentation requirements of the federal government department, the applied constraints, and the CWs themselves. Furthermore, the documentation requirements were found to be a pretence in regard to funding through validation and accreditation, as well as a charade in nursing practice.
There is presently a substantial third level of nurses who are identified legally and political as non-nurses doing non-nursing work (known as 'personal' care); but these non-nurses are doing nursing work and are identified by the nursing profession and the public as 'nurses' doing nursing work. These non-nurses who provided nursing care are not educated, licensed, or regulated, and are not accountable professionally to nurses or legally to the public. It is proposed that CWs are in need of licensing under nurses' boards requiring at the very least a minimum of training and education. It is further proposed that documentation requirements resort back to professional nursing documentation; funding be dependent on an predetermined minimum skill mix and staff/resident ratio; and the funding of residents be based on a minimum data set and untied from nursing practice. The professional nursing practice of assessment, planning, implementation, and evaluation of nursing care needs resorting to a nursing domain of knowledge, practice, accountability, responsibility, and documentation.
If an acceptable quality of life is to be realised for residents in the residential aged care system, given that highly dependent residents are reliant on quality nursing care that is fundamentally imperative to their very quantity and quality of life, then changes in the residential aged care system and the nursing profession will be necessary. This thesis will contribute to opening up such dialogue between the government, the industry, and the nursing profession in Australia, and it also highlights areas of aged care nursing practice in need of further research.
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LO, Ki Chiu. "The driving forces behind the recent housing market development in Hong Kong : fundamentals? bubbles? policy?" Digital Commons @ Lingnan University, 2011. https://commons.ln.edu.hk/econ_etd/7.
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By examining the driving forces behind the recent housing market development in Hong Kong, this thesis offers an explanation for the effects of the ―Capital Investment Entrant Scheme‖ and the movements in the exchange rate between HKD and RMB on the housing prices of the overall market and two sub-markets. Induced by record-low mortgage rates and decreasing amount of new dwelling units completion, housing prices in Hong Kong surged to a record high level recently. To test the equilibrium price of housing, cointegration tests will be used to identify whether there is overvaluation in recent property market. At the end of 2010, result shows that there is no overvaluation of the overall market and two sub-markets. Besides, by using the vector error-correction model, result suggests that the ―Capital Investment Entrant Scheme‖ and appreciation of RMB against HKD have positive impact on the overall market and smaller units only. The last section will discuss current policies to curb speculation and to check housing price inflation. The discussion will focus on effectiveness of the special stamp duty and whether housing prices index futures would be a good alternative to the special stamp duty to curb speculation.
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Day, Monique. "Alignment of Standards, Assessment, and Compliance for a Residential Support Provider Organization." ScholarWorks, 2016. https://scholarworks.waldenu.edu/dissertations/3026.
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Although Code of Maryland policy mandates multidisciplinary, integrated teams for residential service provider organizations (RPOs) for an intellectual/developmental disabilities (IDD) population, alignment criteria to identify and evaluate the functional characteristics of such teams do not exist. This ambiguity has resulted in potential conflict in the goals of service delivery, as well as misaligned quality assessment and policy development criteria. The intent of this general qualitative study was to use complex adaptive systems theory and Vitkiene's work on corporate ethos to determine whether the services provided by a single RPO were consistent and aligned with the regulatory mandate set by the state. Data were acquired from the Maryland Office of Health Care Quality, for the years 2010-2015 that consisted of compliance inspections, reports, citations, as well as responses and corrective actions made by the IDD-RPO. Data were deductively coded according to Vitkiene's 3 ethos principles: economy (profit), procedure (task completion), and beneficence (customer service) and then subjected to a content analysis procedure. The study affirmed the lack of alignment criteria within the RPO by demonstrating ambiguity in how services were measured. Findings identified beneficence as most likely to be associated with a multidisciplinary team. Positive social change implications stem from recommendations to repurpose public health compliance data to address issues of misalignment in institutional service delivery; these findings may also be used by policy makers to focus on ethos as a means to focus on realigning policy objectives, the regulatory environment, and the work done at the RPO level to encourage better quality of life for individuals diagnosed with IDD.
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Hawley, Kirsten R. "Influence of Privatization Policies on Residential Satisfaction in Military Family Housing." ScholarWorks, 2018. https://scholarworks.waldenu.edu/dissertations/5470.
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Little published research has examined the post-implementation outcomes of public private partnerships for housing, specifically the Military Privatized Housing Initiative (MPHI) from the perspective of the end user, the Military Family Housing (MFH) resident. Using Mettler and SoRelle's conceptualization of policy feedback theory as the foundation, the purpose of this repeated cross-sectional study was to assess residential satisfaction pre- and post- implementation of the MPHI. The study also addressed the influence of sociodemographic factors on MFH residents' perceived residential satisfaction. Secondary data were collected using 2 Department of Defense surveys administered pre- and post-implementation. An independent-samples t test was used to examine residential satisfaction before and after implementation of the MPHI. Multiple regression analysis was used to examine the influence of sociodemographic characteristics on residential satisfaction of MFH residents. Results indicated that privately-managed MFH residents were less satisfied than residents of government-managed MFH (p < .001). Results also showed that paygrade, branch of service, ethnicity/race, and having children or dependents in a household were significant determinants of residential satisfaction for government-managed MFH residents (p < .05). In privately-managed MFH, residents having children or dependents in the household was a significant determinant of residential satisfaction (p < .05). The positive social change implications stemming from this study include recommendations to policy makers to continue examination of MPHI outcomes and improve data collection consistency to ensure current housing policies are meeting the needs of military families.
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Johnson, David Allen. "The Relationship Between School Integration and Student Attitude Toward Residential Racial Integration." PDXScholar, 1990. https://pdxscholar.library.pdx.edu/open_access_etds/1180.
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This study examined factors related to the teaching effectiveness of adjunct faculty in higher education. Specifically, it explored the relationship between personality, as defined by the Five-Factor Model, occupation, and student ratings of teaching effectiveness. Results indicate that personality is correlated to an instructor's classroom behavior and education goals, which in turn are related to teaching effectiveness. In addition, instructors with occupations in social services and education had significantly higher mean teaching effectiveness scores than those from other occupations. Finally, there was an inverse relationship between age and teaching effectiveness in this study, and a positive relationship between teaching experience and teaching effectiveness. Although instructors may not be able to change their personality, they can modify their behavior and teaching practices to increase their effectiveness as educators.
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Iovanna, Anthony. "Evaluating Uranium Depth Versus Socio-Economic Statistics for Residential Radon Vulnerability in Warren County, Kentucky." TopSCHOLAR®, 2004. http://digitalcommons.wku.edu/theses/529.
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Residences in Warren County, Kentucky, are characterized by high levels of residential radon, which is one of the radioactive daughter products of uranium. According to the United States Environmental Protection Agency (US EPA), radon exposure causes approximately 22,000 lung cancer deaths in the United States per year. The City of Bowling Green, in Warren County, is underlain by karst, an easily soluble limestone subsurface, which allows radon gas to travel easily through cracks and fissures. Carbonate rocks under Bowling Green are underlain by the Devonian Chattanooga Shale, a low-grade uranium ore and a potential source of radon gas. A digital map of the Chattanooga Shale was created using Arc GIS. A 1.6 km by 1.6 km (one-mile by onemile) grid for Warren County was generated, and depth data from oil wells within each grid cell were averaged to render the elevation of the top surface of the Chattanooga Shale in a digital format. A socio-economic GIS of Warren County was created using US Census Bureau and Property Value Administration data. The Chattanooga Shale and the socio-economic layers were correlated to test points that have high residential radon measurements to determine whether proximity to the shale layer or home type is the better predictor for radon risk. Once risks have been determined, management decisionmaking is simplified and resources can be targeted towards high need areas. Although this study determined that home type, i.e., size of the home and whether there is a basement present, does have a significant effect on residential radon levels, proximity to the top surface of the Chattanooga Shale does not have a significant effect in Warren County, Kentucky. Due to this lack of a geologic pattern it is recommended that radon mitigation systems be included in all new home construction and design.
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Swetkis, Doreen. "Residential property tax abatement testing a model of neighborhood impact /." Cleveland, Ohio : Cleveland State University, 2009. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=csu1258938619.
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Thesis (Ph.D.)--Cleveland State University, 2009.Abstract. Title from PDF t.p. (viewed on Dec. 11, 2009). Includes bibliographical references (p. 141-153). Available online via the OhioLINK ETD Center and also available in print.