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Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Residential strategies'
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Shell, Kara. "Analysis of Energy Efficiency Strategies in Residential Buildings." The Ohio State University, 2010. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1276830510.
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Chan, Kwok-chun Philip, and 陳國津. "An investigation of marketing strategies of residential property developers." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 1986. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B31263549.
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Chan, Kwok-chun Philip. "An investigation of marketing strategies of residential property developers /." [Hong Kong] : University of Hong Kong, 1986. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record.jsp?B12325739.
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McEwen, Brendan (Brendan Carl Francis). "Community based outreach strategies in residential energy upgrade programs." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/73819.
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Thesis (M.C.P.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Urban Studies and Planning, 2012.Cataloged from PDF version of thesis.
Includes bibliographical references (p. 73-80).
Home energy upgrades can reduce residential energy consumption and improve indoor conditions, thereby realizing environmental, economic, health and other social benefits. Utilities, government and other actors have established numerous home upgrade programs, providing incentives, financing, marketing, and other support for the upgrade market. Unfortunately, upgrades have proven a "tough sell", with only a small fraction of eligible households engaging in these programs. To increase participation, many programs are experimenting with using formal and informal social networks as channels through which to promote upgrades, a process this thesis terms 'community based outreach' (CBO). Some analysts theorize that CBO can increase trust in programs, create social norms around undertaking upgrades, and improve the quality of information recruits receive; CBO may thereby persuade more households to participate in upgrades than could otherwise be achieved. However, questions remain regarding whether CBO can be delivered cost-effectively, and the extent to which it can increase total demand for upgrades. This thesis explores the use of CBO by six upgrade programs operating in five regions in the USA. Through interviews, it seeks program managers' and outreach personnel's qualitative impressions of the efficacy of different CBO methods, and the factors that contribute to this efficacy. It seeks answers to two questions: What specific CBO strategies have proven effective at increasing participation in programs? And what institutional arrangements dictating who organizes and delivers CBO can be sustained and scaled up, especially as Federal government subsidy wanes in the coming years? This research suggests that meeting-based formats provide a promising means of augmenting traditional marketing, capable of providing households a rich introduction to the concept of upgrade services and of leveraging social norms. It further finds that multiple network types are appropriate to promoting upgrades, and that marketers should seek to engage with a wide range of strong networks to deliver CBO. Coordinating closely with community organizations improves the delivery of program marketing, but marketers must be careful to use community groups' resources judiciously, to avoid 'burn out'. It concludes that CBO is not a panacea to the challenge of rapidly scaling upgrade programs. However, with community engagement and savvy administration, it can contribute to the cost-efficacy, sustenance and growth of upgrade programs.
by Brendan McEwen.
M.C.P.
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Børke, Ragnhild. "Energy efficiency in non-residential buildings: Motivation, barriers and strategies." Thesis, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Industrial Ecology Programme, 2006. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:no:ntnu:diva-1406.
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In the thesis, causes of the energy efficiency gap, i.e. that seemingly attractive investments in energy efficiency are systematically passed over are explored, and policy instruments and business strategies that can be used to overcome this inefficiency are discussed. The economic literature of the efficiency gap focuses either on factors that are not included in the calculations of the gap, and that may explain why observed behaviour is actually efficient, or market failures that justifies policy intervention. In response to the economic literature, organizational and behavioural approaches have arisen, focusing on factors that preclude some of the assumptions made in economic theory.
A case study of four organizations has been carried out, investigating the decision processes, investment rules and motivation for energy efficiency measures. The main results are that all the organizations work systematically with energy observation and improving practices, while larger investments seem to be less prioritized. The building managers seem to cope with uncertainty by being conservative. Direct economic profitability is considered sufficient motivation for implementing energy-efficiency measures, while at the same time, the choice of investment objects is guided by strategic targets or general desirability. Capital-rationing occurs, but this competition among profitable projects is not considered a problem in the organizations. There is also some evidence of lack of incentives for energy conservation among occupants. A possible connection between emphasis on environmental results centrally in the organization and improvement in energy efficiency is established, and there are some indications that the start-up of an energy program depends on individuals.
The discussion of strategies to increase implementation of energy efficiency measures focuses on how to allow for technological change, and particularly diffusion of technologies. In this regard, looking for positive feed-back loops is important. A combination of market-based and behavioural instruments seems appropriate. Three specific strategies are explored: energy contracting, energy certificates and start-up help for arranging goals and routines for improvement.
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Fair, Corey. "Strategies to Increase Employee Engagement in Long-Term Residential Agencies." ScholarWorks, 2018. https://scholarworks.waldenu.edu/dissertations/4723.
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Disengaged employees adversely affect organizational strategies to promote higher standards of care and quality of life for long-term residential patients. The purpose of this single case study was to explore strategies healthcare leaders use to engage employees. The targeted population for this study was the senior leaders of a long-term residential care agency located in South Carolina who had initiated strategies and practices to engage employees. Kahn's theory of personal engagement and disengagement was the conceptual framework for this study. Data collection included semistructured face-to-face interviews with open-ended questions, and the long-term residential agency's employee handbook, training agenda, and incentive program. Data were transcribed, coded, and then validated through member checking and triangulation, resulting in the development of 6 themes: leadership attentiveness to promote workplace meaningfulness, incorporation of robust communication policies and procedures, organizational support for engagement, fostering interpersonal relationships for increased employee value, meaningful rewards and recognition, and training and development for personal and professional growth. Leaders have a significant role in the development of conditions within the work environment that foster employee engagement. The implications for positive social change include the improvement of physical and social qualities of life for long-term residential patients and their families, the ease of financial burdens for healthcare professionals, and a reduction in the amount of tax revenue needed to support the needs of aging U.S. citizens.
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Cornelius, Raven. "Strategies for Residential Real Estate Professionals to Mitigate Declining Sales." ScholarWorks, 2018. https://scholarworks.waldenu.edu/dissertations/5174.
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Real estate sales significantly declined during and after the 2008 mortgage crisis. In the United States, real estate sales dropped 35% after the mortgage crisis. Guided by the attention, interest, desire, and action (AIDA) model, the purpose of this multiple case study was to explore the strategies successful residential real estate organization managers use to mitigate sales decline in a postrecession environment. Three residential real estate organization managers in Southern Maryland and Northern Virginia participated in semistructured interviews. These participants are currently selling homes, worked in the real estate market before the 2008 mortgage crisis, and developed successful strategies to mitigate declining sales in a postrecession environment. The data collection process for this study included the semistructured interviews, review of archival documents, and member checking to explore successful strategies for mitigating declining sales for residential real estate organization managers. The data analysis included data coding, organizing, and making conclusions with the use of Yin's 5 phase process. During analysis, the 4 themes to emerge were customer service, consistent work ethic, innovation, and market specialization. By implementing the identified successful sales strategies, these residential real estate organization managers were able to mitigate a decline in sales in a postrecession environment. Real estate professionals may use these findings to decrease the delays in the home buying process and increase employees' sales performance. More home sales can improve local economies and the welfare of communities.
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Turner, Carolyn S. "Perceived thermal comfort and energy conservation strategies in residential heating." Diss., Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, 1985. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/49947.
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The perception of thermal comfort is an important factor influencing the acceptability of residential heating strategies. The perceived thermal comfort may affect a person's inclination to try a strategy or to use it on a long-term basis. In the study, perceived thermal comfort was assessed in relation to room temperature, humidity, clothing worn, preferred room temperatures, personal control over the temperatures, and energy consumption. The relationships among these variables were examined for five families participating in a live-in study comparing five residential heating strategies. The strategies tested included closing off bedroom vents/doors, setting the thermostat at 65°F, and the use of a solar greenhouse and a woodstove as supplemental heat sources. The families lived in a retrofitted solar test house for a period of four to six weeks. The house was equipped with a computer which monitored 37 channels of information at ten-second intervals and recorded the data hourly. The data collected included temperatures in every room, inside and outside humidity, wind velocity, and other variables that interplay in comfort levels and energy use. The ten adult respondents completed daily and weekly questionnaires containing Likert-type scales of thermal comfort and checklists of clothing worn. The results suggest the following conclusions: 1) the use of a residential setting to measure thermal comfort under varying environmental conditions can be successfully accomplished, 2) psychological variables such as personal control should be considered and tested by persons involved in standards development for the thermal environment, 3) the ability and experience of the persons to use a strategy can affect the achieved energy saving benefits of the strategy, 4) personal preference in the amount of personal effort a person is willing or able to give will impact on the decision on whether to use certain strategies, 5) heating strategies that can produce a direct source of heat or at least some warmer areas were rated higher by the project participants, and 6) weather can play an important role in the effectiveness of the solar greenhouse as a heating source.Ph. D.
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Beck, Jason S. "THREE ESSAYS ON RESIDENTIAL REAL ESTATE BROKERAGE." UKnowledge, 2009. http://uknowledge.uky.edu/gradschool_diss/754.
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The first essay investigates how individual characteristics influence sales outcomes for houses they help transact. It develops hedonic housing models to assess the impacts of agent characteristics such as the level of recent and concurrent agent activity on sales outcomes (price and time on market). This is done in a Multiple Listing Service (MLS) setting using seven years of data obtained from a large Midwestern city. I find evidence that more active listing agents sell homes more quickly, though they do so to the detriment of final sales price. I also find that more listings concurrently held by agents have a statistically significant, negative effect on price. Selling agents appear to be quite neutral in the process and have little effect on either sales price or time on market.
The second essay defines market concentrations of residential real estate brokerage services across one hundred diverse U.S. markets. Since real estate is immobile, each geographical location constitutes a local market and thus national measures of market concentration, of the type espoused by the National Association of Realtors (NAR), are of little value. The only way to get a meaningful picture of the market in general is to collectively examine observations at the city/town level. Once indices of concentration are obtained, it may be possible to get a sense of minimum and maximum scale efficiencies as well as what market specific characteristics give rise to high or low concentrations.
The third essay examines the “just-below” pricing strategy in the context of home sales. Many retailers price their goods/services directly below some round amount (i.e. pricing at $2.99 instead of $3.00) and a number of studies document the effectiveness of this strategy on the demand for relatively inexpensive items (clothing, groceries, small appliances, etc). A lesser developed strand of literature examines the prevalence and effectiveness of just-below pricing in the context of larger purchases, namely real estate. This essay affirms the prevalence of just-below pricing in home transactions and finds evidence that just-below pricing can yield a higher final transaction price compared to homes initially priced on an even price point.
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Eddins, Quinn W. (Quinn William). "Risk management with residential real estate derivatives : strategies for home builders." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/58631.
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Thesis (M.C.P.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Urban Studies and Planning; and, (S.M. in Real Estate Development)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Urban Studies and Planning, Center for Real Estate, 2008.This electronic version was submitted by the student author. The certified thesis is available in the Institute Archives and Special Collections.
Includes bibliographical references (p. 54-56).
This paper examines why and how publicly-traded home builders might use index-based residential property derivatives to manage risk. After describing a number of alternative reasons for hedging, I argue for a paradigm for risk management proposed by Kenneth Froot, David Scharfstein and Jeremy Stein and augmented by Antonio Mello and John Parsons. According to this paradigm, the objective of hedging is to increase a firm's financial flexibility by maximizing its liquidity - slack in the form of cash or unused debt capacity - when falling output prices reduce income and make it difficult to raise external financing, but do not reduce the firm's need for funds. An important implication of this paradigm is that attempting to eliminate volatility in the value of a firm is not an optimal hedging objective, and attempting to do so can, in fact, reduce the value of the firm. To illustrate how this paradigm might be used by public home builders it is applied to two hypothetical firms, each with a different capital structure and regional focus, and the potential benefits of hedging for each firm is discussed. The discussion then turns to the available real estate derivative products and how they can be employed as hedging vehicles. Key issues pertaining to the design of hedging vehicles are examined, including 1) how to choose a derivative contract, 2) how to choose an index or indices to use as the asset underlying the hedging vehicle and 3) how to address misalignment between the time to expiration of available derivatives contracts and the development time frames of residential communities. Evidence is presented that suggests hedging vehicles based on multi-market composite indices will probably have too much basis risk to effectively hedge against downturns in the prices of some builders' homes.
(cont.) Finally, I describe a methodology for determining whether and how much a firm should hedge.
by Quinn W. Eddins.
S.M.in Real Estate Development
M.C.P.
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Armstrong, Jack. "Crime Reduction Strategies of Florida Sheriff's Offices Related to Residential Burglaries." ScholarWorks, 2017. https://scholarworks.waldenu.edu/dissertations/4197.
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In Florida, the law enforcement response to burglaries is estimated to cost $1.3 billion, yet little is understood about whether specific types of enforcement and investigation strategies have an impact on reducing the incidence of burglary. Using Cohen and Felson's concept of guardianship as part of routine activities theory as the foundation, the purpose of this quantitative cross-sectional study was to examine whether any or all crime reduction strategies (community policing, intelligence led policing, Compare Statistics policing, traditional policing, hot spot policing, and evidence based policing) when combined with urbanity, household income, the sworn officers per 1000 population are statistically associated with reductions in burglary rates. Data were collected from 64 of the 67 sheriff's offices in Florida through a researcher developed survey. Data were analyzed using multiple linear regression. Findings indicate that there is no statistical significance between type of crime reduction strategy and burglary rates. Median household income was the only covariate associated with residential burglaries with areas of higher incomes associated with lower burglary rates (p = .023). The positive social change implications stemming from this study include recommendations for law enforcement officials to examine how they are engaging in guardianship in less affluent communities and developing a measurement on how to evaluate crime reduction strategies that are more mutually exclusive with clearly defined outcomes. Implementation of these recommendations may reduce burglaries thereby promoting safer communities and mediating financial and emotional losses experienced by community members.
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Parkinson, Jonathan Neil. "Modelling strategies for sustainable domestic wastewater management in a residential catchment." Thesis, Imperial College London, 2000. http://hdl.handle.net/10044/1/7449.
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Hoffmann, Åsa. "Stadsplanering för ökad integration : En kvalitativ analys om fyra svenska kommuners arbete mot etnisk boendesegregation." Thesis, Umeå universitet, Statsvetenskapliga institutionen, 2020. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-175154.
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Ethnic residential segregation is a phenomenon that is increasing in prevalence in Swedish societies. Integration is a major challenge in both large and small municipalities. The purpose of this study was to analyze how some Swedish municipalities work to counteract ethnic residential segregation and promote integration, both spatially and in society. A qualitative document study has been made of the four selected municipalities' planning documents, in order to gain an understanding of how ethnic residential segregation can be counteracted by means of urban planning and integration strategies. The municipalities selected are Örebro, Umeå, Borlänge and Luleå, which have varying degrees of ethnic residential segregation. The analysis shows that the subject is very complicated and that there are many factors to consider. In addition to well-thought-out urban planning, short-term solutions for integration into society are also required, which municipalities should take a position on, in the form of developed integration efforts. This can be decisive for how quickly and well immigrants are integrated into Swedish society. Finally, it is concluded that more research is needed on how municipalities should work to promote integration in communities already suffering from ethnic residential segregation.
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Wilde, David Patrick. "Portfolio sales of residential real estate in housing cooperatives specifics - trends - strategies." Hamburg Hammonia-Verl, 2008. http://d-nb.info/993338909/04.
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Davaki, Maria. "Analysis of energy use in typical Greek residential buildings and proposed retrofit strategies." Thesis, Georgia Institute of Technology, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/44922.
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In each country, the concept of housing exists in relationship between the ways people live, the local climate, the social and political factors that affect the evolution of architecture and the actual structure of the house. The economic developments of the countries and the political situations and regulations have all affected the rise of the residential market. In Greece, where the majority of the residential buildings were constructed between 1960 and 1990, residential buildings represent an important sector in the energy consumption and economic growth of the country.
Global warming and changes in the climate system has an important impact in building stock. The European Union is concerned about the scale of the consequences and has encouraged energy efficiency in buildings by mandating the Energy Performance Building Directive for all European countries [1].
In my opinion, it is the responsibility of the architect to address the impact of existing residential buildings by retrofitting solutions with the aim of reducing the energy consumption and eventually improving the quality of life. Architects, in collaboration with energy experts, can work properly to provide effective solutions. With the guidance of the new directive, along with their personal knowledge and experience in energy efficiency they can help bring about increased energy building performance.
In order to demonstrate how architects can implement such an energy retrofit plan, this thesis presents a short description of residential buildings constructed between 60's - 80'by presenting a typical building representing the current state of the Greek building stock, and by studying its energy consumption. An energy performance simulation of the building with different energy simulation software considers different scenarios and describes a way to reduce energy demand and increase comfort in these buildings. The primary software tools used in the study was TEE KENAK, developed by the Greek chamber in accordance with the European energy rating tools for the implementation of the Energy Performance Building Directive. Additional software tools, including ECOtect, and the "Energy Performance Calculator", developed by the department of High Performance Buildings at the Georgia Institute of Technology in order to verify the information provided by the actual energy bills and the TEE KENAK. The results presented in this study estimate the building retrofit and energy saving, making appropriate decisions in terms of energy conservation and improvement in the existing residential building considering energy cost savings, payback from retrofit investments, along with architectural design considerations.
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Vincent, Rémy. "Energy management strategies applied to photovoltaic-based residential microgrids for flexibility services purposes." Thesis, Nantes, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020NANT4025.
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Le développement des énergies renouvelables, de la consommation résidentielle ainsi que les politiques liées à la transition énergétique réclament de nouvelles techniques de gestion de l’énergie afin de gérer les problèmes d’incertitudes et de fournir des services réseaux compétitifs. Cette thèse se focalise sur des services de flexibilité appliqués au micro réseaux résidentiels. Le dimensionnement (mono/multiobjectif) optimise la production solaire et la taille de la batterie en tenant compte du coût, du confort utilisateur, de la pénétration des énergies renouvelables et de la réglementation. L’approche de gestion n°1 compare des fenêtres de 24 et 48h pour l’arbitrage d’énergie et évalue les possibilités supplémentaires de celle de 48h. L’approche n°2 se focalise sur le respect des injections d’énergie sur le réseau au sein d’un contrat de marché avec un agrégateur. Un nouveau modèle auto régressif de prévision d’ensoleillement à court terme adapté aux conditions péninsulaires est proposé puis comparé au modèle de référence. Les résultats du dimensionnement montrent que la méthode proposée génère des économies substantielles pour les ménages. Néanmoins, le prix des batteries rend actuellement l’îlotage non viable économiquement. Les stratégies de gestion proposées sont également plus profitables que leurs références respectives. Les stratégies présentées permettent un fonctionnement compétitif et capable d’atténuer les déséquilibres entre l’offre et la demande. L’association de l’énergie renouvelable et des capacités des micro réseaux pour les citoyens est une excellente opportunité d’obtenir une énergie plus propre, plus fiable et abordableThe rising share of renewable sources, residential consumers as well as novel energy transition policies call for new energy management strategies to deal with renewable energy sources uncertainty issues and to provide cost-competitive flexibility services. This thesis focuses on flexibility related usecases applied to residential microgrids. Presented sizing approach uses both mono and multiobjective particle swarm optimization to optimize both solar generation and storage taking into account cost competitiveness, user comfort and renewable energy penetration while respecting local regulations. First energy management approach compares 24 and 48h time-horizons for energy arbitrage and assess extended possibilities provided by a wider horizon. Second energy arbitrage approach focuses on energy injection accuracy in a bid-based market context. A novel auto-regressive short term solar irradiation forecast method suitable for peninsular weather is proposed and compared with a reference method. Regarding the sizing optimization, results showed that proposed optimization can generate bill savings for households. Nevertheless, due to current storage cost, off-grid operation is still an unreliable option regarding cost-competitiveness. Both presented energy management strategies showed profitability gains compared to their respective reference. To conclude, strategies showed costcompetitive operation and ability to mitigate supply and demand imbalances. Association of renewable energy and microgrids abilities for communities is an excellent opportunity for cleaner, more reliable and cheaper energy
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Carbonare, Nicolas [Verfasser], and A. [Akademischer Betreuer] Wagner. "Occupant-centered control strategies for decentralized residential ventilation / Nicolas Carbonare ; Betreuer: A. Wagner." Karlsruhe : KIT-Bibliothek, 2021. http://d-nb.info/1238147844/34.
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Gustafsson, Marcus. "Energy Efficient Renovation Strategies for Swedish and Other European Residential and Office Buildings." Doctoral thesis, KTH, Strömnings- och klimatteknik, 2017. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-206186.
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The high energy use in the European building stock is attributable to the large share of old buildings with poor energy performance. Energy renovation of buildings is therefore vital in the work towards energy efficiency and reduced environmental impact in the EU. Yet, the strategies and energy system implications of this work have not been made clear, and the rate of building renovation is currently very low. The aim of this thesis is to investigate the economic and environmental aspects of energy renovation strategies, with two main objectives: Renovation of Swedish district heated multi-family houses, including life-cycle cost and environmental analysis and impact on the local energy system; Renovation of European residential and office buildings, including life-cycle cost and environmental analysis and influence of climatic conditions. Buildings typical for the respective regions and the period of construction 1945-1970 were simulated, in order to determine the feasibility and energy saving potential of energy renovation measures in European climates. A variety of systems for heating, cooling and ventilation were studied, as well as solar energy systems, with focus on heat pumps, district heating, low-temperature heating systems and air heat recovery. Compared to normal building renovation, energy renovation can often reduce the life-cycle costs and environmental impact. In renovation of typical European office buildings, as well as Southern European multi-family houses, more ambitious renovation levels can also be more profitable. Exhaust air heat pumps can be cost-effective complements in district heated multi-family houses, while ventilation with heat recovery is more expensive but also more likely to reduce the primary energy use. From a system perspective, simple exhaust ventilation can reduce the primary energy use in the district-heating plant as much as an exhaust air heat pump, due to the lower electricity use.Byggnadssektorn står för omkring 40 % av den totala energianvändningen i EU. Den höga energianvändningen i Europeiska byggnader kan till stor del tillskrivas den stora andelen gamla byggnader med dålig energiprestanda. Energirenovering av byggnader, eller energieffektivisering genom renovering, kan därför anses utgöra en central del i arbetet mot EU:s klimat- och energimål för år 2030. Trots detta är det ännu inte helt klarlagt vilka strategier som ska tillämpas för att uppnå detta och hur det påverkar energisystemet, och i nuläget är renoveringstakten fortfarande väldigt låg. Målet med denna avhandling är att undersöka ekonomiska och miljömässiga aspekter av strategier för energirenovering, såväl byggnadsskalsåtgärder som aktiva system, för typiska bostads- och kontorsbyggnader i Sverige och i andra Europeiska regioner. Mer specifikt har arbetet följande två inriktningar: Renovering av svenska, fjärrvärmevärmda flerfamiljshus, inklusive livscykelkostnadsanalys och livscykelmiljöanalys samt påverkan på det lokala energisystemet; Renovering av Europeiska bostads- och kontorsbyggnader, inklusive livscykelkostnadsanalys och livscykelmiljöanalys samt påverkan av klimatförutsättningar. Byggnader typiska för respektive region och byggnadsperioden 1945-1970 modellerades och användes i simuleringar för att fastställa den övergripande möjligheten och energibesparingspotentialen för olika renoveringsåtgärder i Europeiska klimat. En rad system för värme, kyla och ventilation studeras, samt solenergisystem, med fokus på värmepumpar, fjärrvärme, lågtemperaturvärmesystem och värmeåtervinning ur frånluft. Jämfört med renovering av byggnader utan energieffektiviseringsåtgärder kan energirenovering i många fall minska såväl livscykelkostnaden som miljöpåverkan. Vid renovering av typiska Europeiska kontorsbyggnader lönar det sig mer att renovera ner till ett uppvärmningsbehov på 25 kWh/(m²∙år) än 45 kWh/(m²∙år), då den minskade kostnaden för köpt energi väger upp den ökade kostnaden för isolering. För flerfamiljshus i södra Europa kan mer ambitiösa mål gällande värmebehov också vara lönsamma, medan en mer måttlig nivå är lämplig för småhus. Solvärme- eller solelsystem kan användas för att minska byggnaders miljöpåverkan. Utan subventioner eller inmatningstariff för överskottsel kan det bli svårt att få lönsamhet i dessa system för kontorsbyggnader i Nord- och Centraleuropa samt för småhus. För flerfamiljshus kan solenergisystem dock sänka den totala livscykelkostnaden, såväl i södra som i norra Europa. Värmeåtervinning och lågtemperaturvärmesystem visade sig båda ha större inverkan i kallare klimat. Lågtemperaturvärmesystem förbättrar värmefaktorn för värmepumpar, i synnerhet när uppvärmningsbehovet är stort i förhållande till varmvattenbehovet. Vid renovering av byggnader med vattenburna radiatorer kan konvertering till tilluftsradiatorer sänka framledningstemperaturen i värmesystemet. I svenska flerfamiljshus kan frånluftsvärmepump vara ett kostnadseffektivt komplement till fjärrvärme, medan från- och tilluftsventilation med värmeåtervinning är dyrare men mer sannolikt att ge en minskad primärenergianvändning. I ett systemperspektiv kan frånluftsventilation utan värmeåtervinning minska primärenergianvändningen i fjärrvärmeverket lika mycket som en frånluftsvärmepump, tack vare den lägre elanvändningen.
QC 20170509
iNSPiRe
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Bestard, Lourdes C. "The urban dwelling : residential and urban strategies for the revitalization of Atlanta's central core." Thesis, Georgia Institute of Technology, 1994. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/23948.
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Livengood, Daniel James. "The Energy Box : comparing locally automated control strategies of residential electricity consumption under uncertainty." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/68190.
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Thesis (Ph. D.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Engineering Systems Division, 2011.This electronic version was submitted by the student author. The certified thesis is available in the Institute Archives and Special Collections.
Cataloged from student submitted PDF version of thesis.
Includes bibliographical references (p. 109-121).
The Energy Box is an always-on background processor automating the temporal management of one's home or small business electrical energy usage. Cost savings are achieved in a variety of environments, ranging from at pricing of electricity to real-time demand-sensitive pricing. Further cost savings derive from utilizing weather forecasts to manage local rooftop wind turbines or solar photovoltaics and/or to anticipate price swings from central utilities. The main motivation of this research is to design, construct and test a prototype software architecture for the Energy Box that can accommodate a wide variety of local energy management environments and user preferences. Under some scenarios, appliances can be optimally controlled one at a time, independent of each other. In other scenarios, coordinated control of appliances, either simultaneous or time-sequenced, provide better outcomes. Stochastic dynamic programming is the primary optimization engine. The optimization goal is to balance cost minimization with thermal comfort as specified by consumer preferences. The results demonstrate that the desired general energy management platform is feasible as well as desirable for saving money on electricity while maintaining comfort preferences. Scaling up to neighborhoods, towns and cities, a key contribution is improved understanding of single-home electricity demand dynamics induced by automated decisions. Further research will determine how such local automated decisions affect the broader smart grid with regard to resilience, stability and pricing.
by Daniel James Livengood.
Ph.D.
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Sancho, Tomás Ana. "Integrated modelling of electrical energy systems for the study of residential demand response strategies." Thesis, University of Nottingham, 2017. http://eprints.nottingham.ac.uk/46872/.
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Building and urban energy simulation software aim to model the energy flows in buildings and urban communities in which most of them are located, providing tools that assist in the decision-making process to improve their initial and ongoing energy performance. To maintain their utility, they must continually develop in tandem with emerging technologies in the energy field. Demand Response (DR) strategies represent one such family of technology that has been identified as a key and affordable solution in the global transition towards clean energy generation and use, in particular at the residential scale. This thesis contributes towards the development and application of a comprehensive building and urban energy simulation capability that parsimoniously represents occupants' energy using behaviours and responses to strategies to influence them. This platform intends to better unify the modelling of Demand Response strategies, by integrating the modelling of different energy systems through Multi Agent Simulation, considering stochastic processes taking place in electricity demand and supply. This is addressed by: (a) improving the fidelity of predictions of household electricity demand, using stochastic models, (b) demonstrating the potential of Demand Response strategies using Multi-Agent Simulation and machine learning techniques, (c) integrating a suitable model for the low voltage network to study and incorporate effects on the grid, (d) identifying how this platform should be extended to better represent human-to-device interactions; to test strategies designed to influence the scope and timing of occupants' energy using services. Stochastic demand models provide the means to realistically simulate power demands, which are subject to naturally random human behaviour. In this work, the power demand arising from small household appliances is identified as a stochastic variable, for which different candidate modelling methods are explored. Variants of two types of stochastic models have been tested, based on discrete time and continuous time stochastic processes. The alternative candidate models are compared and validated using Household Electricity Survey data, which is also used to test strategies, informed by advanced cluster analysis techniques, to simplify the form of these models. The recommended small appliance model is integrated with a Multi Agent Simulation (MAS) platform, which is in turn extended and deployed to test DR strategies, such as load shifting and electric storage operation. In the search for optimal load-shifting strategies, machine learning algorithms, Q-learning in particular, are utilised. The application of this new developed tool, No-MASS/DR, is demonstrated through the study of strategies to maximise the locally generated renewable energy of a single household and a small community of buildings connected to a Low Voltage network. Finally, an explicit model of the Low Voltage (LV) network has been developed and coupled with the DR framework. The model solves for power-flow analysis of a general low-voltage distribution network, using an electrical circuit-based approach, implemented as a novel recursive algorithm, that can efficiently calculate the voltages at different nodes of a complex branched network. The work accomplished in this thesis contributes to the understanding of residential electricity management, by developing better unified modelling of Demand Response strategies, that require integrated modelling of energy systems, with a particular focus on the study of maximising locally generated renewable energy.
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Ghabra, Noura. "Energy efficient strategies for the building envelope of residential tall buildings in Saudi Arabia." Thesis, University of Nottingham, 2018. http://eprints.nottingham.ac.uk/51738/.
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The energy demand in the oil- dependent Gulf countries in general and in Saudi Arabia in particular has been increasing sharply in the last decades as a result of the diversification plans. Tall building construction, associated with many environmental and ecological challenges, played an essential role in these plans, as a mean to attract new economies based on global placemaking and international tourism. The significant use of air conditioning to cool indoor spaces, particularly in residential buildings, accounts for more than half of all energy consumption in the country, and despite governmental efforts, the scattered conservation efforts have been largely ineffective due to factors such as lack of awareness and information, in addition to the limitation of the local energy efficiency building regulations. This research aimed to find and prioritise building envelope design solutions that can reduce high energy consumption and cooling loads while maintaining indoor environment for residential tall buildings in Saudi Arabia. In order to achieve that, a hypothesis of integrating the thermal properties and design parameters of the building envelope as a design strategy for tall buildings envelope were proposed, and to test it, a mixed method approach was followed including literature review, data collection, dynamic building simulations and parametric analysis. The main findings emphasised how combining both the thermal properties and design parameters of the building envelope can be an effective way to achieve energy efficiency in residential tall buildings in the hot climate of Jeddah. Especially in relation to solar heat gains, the highest contributor to cooling loads in this building type. The findings highlighted that while the thermal properties of the wall type can reduce up to 10% of the cooling loads, applying external shading devices can achieve a reduction of up to 30% in solar gains. Moreover, effective consideration of building orientation can significantly reduce cooling loads by 25% and solar gains by 60% for the perimeter zones. Based on this, a set of guidelines that incorporate a comparative tool were introduced to help designers to determine the thermal performance and energy use of a typical residential tall building in the early stages of the building’s design. Which also aim to enhance the effectiveness of the local building codes and energy efficiency regulations in relation to this building type.
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Hwang, Won Hoi. "Investigating the Impact of Urban Tree Planting Strategies for Shade and Residential Energy Conservation." Diss., Virginia Tech, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/75168.
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Expanding urbanization, characterized by increased impervious surfaces and decreased tree canopy, is contributing to rising urban temperatures. This trend has implications for energy consumption, which strategically placed trees can modify by casting shade upon building and ground surfaces. However, urban densification, a paradigm of modern residential land development, often constrains space for planting shade trees. Thus, the overall objective of this dissertation was to investigate shade tree planting strategies and their effects on residential cooling and heating energy conservation for dense urban neighborhoods in U.S. cities on a latitudinal gradient. The first study used a computer program called Shadow Pattern Simulator to examine the effects of tree form, tree placement, and sunlight exposure on shade provision for a residential structure model. Simulation results affirmed the conventional strategy in northern latitudes that recommends planting shade trees on the east or west aspect for maximizing beneficial shade while avoiding tree plantings on the south aspect to minimize any heating penalty of undesirable shade. However, in southern latitudes, planting trees on southerly aspect should not be discounted because the shorter heating season lessens the detrimental heating penalty while providing beneficial season shade. The second study, using an energy simulation program called EnergyPlus, evaluated the effect of a single shade tree upon the energy consumption of the structure model. This study affirmed that energy conservation benefits are influenced by the quantity as well as the quality of tree shade upon building surfaces. In addition, interactions between sun angle, tree form, and tree placement were observed to influence tree shade effects on annual energy consumption. In the third study, based on the first two studies, an alternative tree placement strategy, which reconfigured tree placement around the residential structure, was developed to maximize cooling and heating energy savings while attenuating space conflicts. The alternative strategy was found to be as effective as the conventional strategy while being more responsive to parcel or building orientations in dense urban neighborhoods. Overall, understanding the fundamental interactions between tree form, tree placement, and geographic settings is critical for improving energy conservation benefits of shade trees in dense urban settings.Ph. D.
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Prajongsan, Pimolsiri. "Natural ventilation strategies to enhance human comfort in high-rise residential buildings in Thailand." Thesis, University of Liverpool, 2014. http://livrepository.liverpool.ac.uk/2006523/.
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In this study a thermal comfort ventilation strategy called ‘ventilation shaft’, which is a vertical shaft located at the rear of a single-sided unit and with an exhaust at the building’s flat roof, is proposed for a single-sided residential unit in high-rise buildings in Bangkok. The main aim is to investigate its potential to maximize the unit’s indoor air velocity and to extend the occupants’ thermal comfort, which, therefore, reduces high electricity consumption due to cooling systems. By using the validated CFD code in DesignBuilder simulation software, the ventilation shaft’s effectiveness was examined and its design was optimized. It was found that the proposed strategy can effectively increase the unit’s air velocity from 0.05ms-1 to 1.44ms-1 (approximately 36% of the external wind speed of 4ms-1under wind incident angle of 0°). The external wind speed and direction relating to the unit’s main window were found as the most influential external parameters, while the vertical shaft’s size as well as the inlet and outlet’s size and location with respect to the occupied area were the most influential design factors to determine its performance. A shaft height of at least 1m above the building flat roof, as well as an opening width of at least 50%-75% of the wall’s width, is recommended for ensuring the best results. Openings’ length, particularly the inlet’s, only to cover the occupied level is also suggested to avoid excessive solar heat gain from the environment. Regarding thermal comfort, the ventilation shaft with its optimal design was attached to the rooms from floor 6th to floor 25th of the hypothetical building and found able to produce the required air speed for creating physiological cooling effect in most units. This could extend the occupants’ thermal comfort time for up to 33% and 64% per day for a south- and a north-facing unit in the hypothetical building, respectively based on ASHRAE’s adaptive comfort model, and could lead to significant energy savings of up to 68.8MW per annum and 5,291MW per annum for a typical residential building in Bangkok based on a typical electric ceiling fan and a split type air conditioner respectively. In conclusion, the proposed ventilation shaft is an effective windinduced strategy to increase the air velocity and create cross ventilation in a single-sided residential unit, which can enhance the natural ventilation potential to provide thermal comfort and reduce the a/c systems dependency in typical high-rise residential buildings in Bangkok and other hot-humid climates.
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Carvajal, Franklin. "Coping Strategies Form Systems that Regulate PTSD Symptoms in Children and Adolescents: Exploring the Regulatory Hypothesis." Diss., Virginia Tech, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/27989.
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This study investigated the potential regulatory effects of various coping strategies on Posttraumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD). It first divided PTSD symptoms and selected coping strategies into cognitive, social/motivational, and emotional types. The study then conceptualized each of the preceding types of coping strategies as being controlled stress responses and the PTSD symptoms as being semiautomatic stress responses. It lastly proposed that coping strategies be further divided into activating controlled stress response and deactivating controlled stress response. Controlled stress responses are coping strategies that are consciously initiated and implemented. Semiautomatic stress responses are PTSD symptoms that spontaneously emerge without conscious intent. Activating controlled stress responses consisted of the following coping strategies: seeking understanding, avoidant actions, and expressing feelings. Deactivating controlled stress responses encompassed: positive cognitive restructuring, emotion-focused support, and physical release of emotions. Semiautomatic stress responses entailed: reexperiencing, numbing, and arousal symptoms. It was proposed that cognitive, social/motivational, and emotional activating controlled stress responses would increase corresponding cognitive, social/motivational, and emotional semiautomatic stress responses. In the same vein, it was expected that cognitive, social/motivational, and emotional deactivating controlled stress responses would decrease respective semiautomatic stress responses. To illustrate, it was predicted that with regard to the cognitive regulatory system, its activating cognitive controlled stress response (seeking understanding) would exacerbate the frequency of associated cognitive semiautomatic stress responses (reexperiencing PTSD symptoms) whereas its deactivating cognitive controlled stress response (positive cognitive restructuring) would ameliorate it.
Path analyses were conducted on correlation matrices whose elements represented two coping strategies (e.g., an activating controlled stress response: seeking understanding, and a deactivating controlled stress response: positive cognitive restructuring) and one PTSD symptom cluster of the same nature (e.g., the semiautomatic stress response: reexperiencing). Data were obtained from a sample of sixty-four children and adolescents ages 8-18. The coping strategies were assessed via ratings on items included in the How I Cope Under Pressure (HICUPS) instrument and the PTSD clusters through the use of the Diagnostic Interview for Children and Adolescents (DICA).
Only one hypothesis was partially supported. It was found that the social/motivational activating controlled stress response (avoidant actions) indeed increased social/motivational semiautomatic stress responses (numbing symptoms).Ph. D.
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Brown, David Frederick. "Residential management strategies in formal and informal settlements, a case study in Trinidad and Tobago." Thesis, University of Sheffield, 1997. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.287347.
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El, Bakkush Ali Fathi M. "Improving solar gain control strategies in residential buildings located in a hot climate (Tripoli-Libya)." Thesis, Heriot-Watt University, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10399/3115.
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A large number of recently-built residential buildings in Libya provide a poor quality indoor environment or require a huge amount of energy to run the air conditioning, therefore influencing the thermal comfort, energy consumption and carbon emissions. As the use of energy in buildings is the major contributor to air pollution and global climate change, improving energy efficiency through the application of bioclimatic design principles in residential buildings in Libya is a critical factor in reducing energy consumption, securing thermal comfort, and hence is an effective policy for reducing the environmental impacts such as global warming and ozone layer depletion. This research assumes that the use of appropriate orientation, materials and building configuration would offer suitable solutions for energy and environmental problems in hot, arid countries. This hypothesis is examined through an example located in Libya. A domestic building in Libya was studied with a view to reducing its energy consumption. The study included detailed monitoring for 45 days continuously, followed by computer simulation of a range of intervention strategies. A field study including temperature, humidity and electricity consumption measurements was carried out and results from the study were gathered and analysed. Moreover a computer simulation model was built using IES software, a fully dynamic simulation model to investigate the potential influence of changes to the building. The thermal comfort of users in a residential building in Tripoli, Libya was investigated. Field measurements and subjective environmental perception survey were used. It was established that building design in hot arid regions must consider thermal requirements.
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Harb, Hassan [Verfasser], Dirk Akademischer Betreuer] Müller, and Antonello [Akademischer Betreuer] [Monti. "Predictive demand side management strategies for residential building energy systems / Hassan Harb ; Dirk Müller, Antonello Monti." Aachen : Universitätsbibliothek der RWTH Aachen, 2017. http://d-nb.info/1162846003/34.
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Jarvis, Helen Clare. "Negotiating gender divisions of labour : the role of household strategies in explaining residential mobility in Britain." Thesis, London School of Economics and Political Science (University of London), 1998. http://etheses.lse.ac.uk/1520/.
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The profile and geography of employment in Britain is undergoing considerable change. This is demonstrated most visibly in terms of gender composition; in rising numbers of women in paid employment; the replacement of full time with part time employment; in de-regulation and the proliferation of temporary and insecure employment. With increasing numbers of 'wives' and 'mothers' in paid employment this restructuring is reflected in a new and changing geography of household divisions of labour. Paradoxically, this global push towards greater labour market flexibility has implications for reduced labour mobility. Conventionally, a mobile labour force is considered the mainstay of a flexible labour market. A paradox emerges from an understanding that, rather than being individuated, labour is situated within particular household structures. Moreover, within such structures the co-ordination of home and work imposes further significant (time-space) constraints. These constraints suggest that decisions concerning residential location must increasingly facilitate both male and female employment as well as daily household practices of consumption, production and reproduction. Frequently, such practices entail an intimate connection between the household and networks of paid and unpaid labour which are rooted in the locale. This thesis provides both a conceptual and an empirical link between housing and labour markets. It draws upon multiple method research to consider the extent to which a causal relationship exists between household employment structure and relative rates of residential mobility. Secondary data from the UK Census of Population provides an extensive backdrop of trends for Britain in the 1990's. Qualitative biographical research provides insight into the processes of residential mobility such as those of 'bargaining power' in household decision-making. Evidence from the extensive research suggests that single earner households are more mobile than households with two full time earners. Household biographies demonstrate, however, that residential mobility behaviour is inadequately explained by economic factors alone.
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Bowers, Kate Bowers. "Crimes against non-residential properties : patterns of victimisation, impact upon urban areas and crime prevention strategies." Thesis, University of Liverpool, 1999. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.366729.
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Koca, Duygu. "Remapping Contemporary Housing Production In Turkey: A Case Study On Housing Patterns And Marketing Strategies." Phd thesis, METU, 2012. http://etd.lib.metu.edu.tr/upload/12614423/index.pdf.
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The important positions of the thesis are mainly to understand the transformation in the architecture discipline under the umbrella of globalization and to define the current situation of residential architecture dominated by the new actors of construction sector through the transformation of identity value. In the first part of the study, how the production of residential architecture in Turkey is affected by the new values of capitalist globalization in the 21st century is examined. In order to monitor the development by the reflections of new actors in residential architecture, Istanbul is defined as a domain of the study. The main aim is to read
the spatial and socio-cultural changes and developments in terms of residential architecture and to explore how the structure of the city affected by global developments and neo-liberal economic policies has formed. Thus, an inventory is
established by the multi-unit housing projects completed in the first decade of the 21st century and the full list is investigated in terms of various kinds of housing supply and the different socio-economic status groups addressed by the projects.
After defining the relation of residential architecture with city, the specific contribution of this dissertation is the explication of the role of the marketing industry in the formation of residential architecture through the conception of identity. The effects of marketing strategies on the architectural formation are discussed through selected cases to uncover which attitudes have caused the transformation in the internal values of the residential architecture. Therefore, the
discussion on the identity formed by the coercive notions and the personalization of the actors involved in the process provides a basis for analysing the reflections of different disciplines on the architectural formation. This new discussion ground not only identifies the decisiveness of the architectural design in the formation of the end product but also contributes to the probe of the positional existence of the
architect.
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Karimi, Asli Kaveh. "Strategies for promoting sustainable behavior regarding electricity consumption in student residential buildings in the city of Linköping." Thesis, Linköpings universitet, Industriell miljöteknik, 2011. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-73567.
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Achieving sustainable consumption of energy is an important issue due to the increasing demand for energy and its environmental impact. One of the biggest consumers of the global energy production is the residential sector. Factors determining pattern of energy consumption in this sector are firstly, characteristics of the buildings and equipment and appliances which are used inside them and secondly, people who are using the buildings. The former could be approached by using efficiency strategies; i.e. designing and using materials and utilities which are low energy demanding or reducing consumption of energy. The latter could be reached by adoption of demand side management strategies which could improve pattern of energy consumption by the end users. Combining these strategies bring out energy-smart buildings with energy-smart people as the users. This project aims at introducing potential approaches to strategies of promoting sustainable behavior regarding energy consumption in individuals, with the focus on the students of Linköping University living in the properties of housing company of the city, Studentbostäder. For fulfilling this purpose, literature review has been done for finding influencing factors on and strategies for shaping of pro-environmental behavior. In the next step, two projects with focus on demand side management for changing energy consumption of individuals have been studied. Afterward, a questionnaire based on the results of the literature review was prepared and used to gain an understanding of first: attitude, values, knowledge, and awareness of students of Linköping University regarding environmental issues, and second: point of view of the students toward the strategies for shaping pro-environmental behavior. Results of the above mentioned methods were used for identifying characteristics of a demand side management project based on provision of feedback on energy consumption for the users. It has been proposed that designing and implementing such project has the potential of affecting pattern of energy consumption by people and lead to its reduction, especially among students accommodating at housing company of city of Linköping, Studentbostäder. More studies are needed for finding feasibility of implementing such project.
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Young, Neil Graham Miller. "Inorganic nitrogen leaching and agronomic response of St Augustinegrass to nitrogen fertilization strategies under residential lawn conditions." [Gainesville, Fla.] : University of Florida, 2009. http://purl.fcla.edu/fcla/etd/UFE0041328.
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Amoako-Attah, Jospeh. "Impact of climate change on newly detached residential buildings in the UK passive mitigation and adaptation strategies." Thesis, University of West London, 2015. https://repository.uwl.ac.uk/id/eprint/1475/.
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The global increase in demand for dwelling energy and implications of changing climatic conditions on buildings require the built environment to build sustainable dwellings. The aim of this thesis is to apply passive mitigation and adaptation design strategies to newly detached residential buildings in the UK with the view to identify the key building envelop and systems parameters to secure the right balance of energy consumption and thermal comfort in dwellings. In addition, currently, acceptable robust validation process for validating space temperatures is required, as existing simulation software validation is geared toward energy consumption. The thesis further aims to apply an effective validation method to the validation of building simulation indoor temperatures. This thesis comprised of six case studies. In the first study, Bland-Altman’s method of comparison is used as a validation technique in validating space temperatures in building simulation application. This is a newly developed knowledge in civil and construction engineering research in validating thermal analysis simulation software. The relevance of this approach is due to the emergent understanding that the goodness of fit measures used in current building simulation model validation are inadequate coupled with that fact that the current simulation software validation are geared toward energy consumption. In the second study, global Monte Carlo sensitivity analysis is performed on two differing weather patterns of UKCIP02 and UKCP09 weather data sets to compare their impact on future thermal performance of dwellings when use in thermal analysis simulation. The investigation seeks to ascertain the influential weather parameters which affect future dwelling indoor temperatures. The case study when compared to literature affirms the mean radiant temperature and the dry bulb air temperature as the key parameters which influence operative temperatures in dwellings. The third study, the extent of impact of climate change on key building performance parameters in a free running residential building is quantified. The key findings from this study were that the average percentage decrease for the annual energy consumption was predicted to be 2.80, 6.60 and 10.56 for 2020s, 2050s and 2080s time lines respectively. A similar declining trend in the case of annual natural gas consumption was 4.24, 9.98 and 16.1, and that for building emission rate and heating demand were 2.27, 5.49 and 8.72 and 7.82, 18.43 and 29.46 respectively. This decline is in consonance with the range of annual average temperature change predicted by the GCM based on the IPCC scenarios (IPCC, 2001) which generally shows an increase in temperature over stipulated timelines. The study further showed that future predicted temperature rise might necessitate the increasing use of cooling systems in residential buildings. The introduction of cooling to offset overheating risk, the trend of heating and cooling demand shows progressive increase variability with an average percentage increase of 0.53, 4.68 and 8.12 for 2020s, 2050s and 2080s timelines respectively. It is therefore observed that the introduction of cooling cancels out the energy gains related to heating due to future climatic variability. The fourth, fifth and sixth case studies consider the integrated passive mitigation strategies of varying future climatic conditions, variable occupant behaviour, building orientation, adequate provision of thermal mass, advance glazing, appropriate ventilation and sufficient level of external shading which influence the potential thermal performance of dwellings and a methodology that combines thermal analysis modelling and simulation coupled with the application of CIBSE TM52 adaptive overheating criteria to investigate the thermal comfort and energy balance of dwellings and habitable conservatories. In the fourth study, the impact of four standardized construction specifications on thermal comfort on detached dwellings in London, Birmingham and Glasgow are considered. The results revealed that the prime factor for the variation of indoor temperatures is the variability of climatic patterns. In addition, London is observed to experience more risk of thermal discomfort than Birmingham and Glasgow over the time period for the analysis. The total number of zones failing 2 or 3 CIBSE TM52 overheating criteria is more in London than in Birmingham and Glasgow. It was also observed that progressive increase in thermal mass of the standardized construction specifications decrease the indoor temperature swings but increase in future operative temperatures. The day ventilation scenario was seen not to be effective way of mitigating internal heat gains in London and Birmingham. The opposite was observed in Glasgow. Night ventilation coupled with shading offered the best mitigation strategy in reducing indoor temperatures in London and Birmingham. In the fifth study, Monte Carlo sensitivity analysis is used to determine the impact of standard construction specifications and UKCP09 London weather files on thermal comfort in residential buildings. Consideration of London urban heat island effect in the CIBSE TM49 weather files leading to the generation of three different weather data sets for London is analysed. The key findings of the study indicated that in the uncertainty analysis (box and whiskers plots), the medians for the day ventilation scenarios are generally higher than those of the night ventilation and further higher than the night ventilation with shading scenarios. This shows that applying mitigation scenarios of night ventilation and shading have a significant impact on reducing internal operative temperatures. In addition, the sensitivity analysis shows glazing as the most dominant parameter in enhancing thermal comfort. The sensitivity of glazing to thermal comfort increases from Gatwick, with London Weather Centre having the highest sensitivity index. This could be attributed to the urban heat island effect of central London, leading to higher internal operative temperatures. The study thus shows that more consideration should be given to glazing and internal heat gains than floor and wall construction when seeking to improve the thermal comfort of dwellings. Finally, the sixth study considers the use of passive solar design of conservatories as a viable solution of reducing energy consumption, enhancing thermal comfort and mitigating climate change. The results show that the judicious integration of the passive solar design strategies in conservatories with increasing conservatory size in elongated south facing orientation with an aspect ratio of at least 1.67 could progressively decrease annual energy consumption (by 5 kWh/m2), building emission rate (by 2.0 KgCO2/m2) and annual gas consumption (by 7 kWh/m2) when the conservatory is neither heated nor air-conditioned. Moreover, the CIBSE TM52 overheating analysis showed that the provision of optimum ventilation strategy depending on the period of the year coupled with the efficient design of awnings/overhangs and the provision of external adjustable shading on the east and west facades of the conservatory could significantly enhance the thermal comfort of conservatories. The findings from these case studies indicate that thermal comfort in dwellings can be enhanced by analysis of future climatic patterns, improved building fabric and provision of passive design consideration of improved ventilation and shading. They also confirm that the utilization of appropriate mitigation strategies to enhance thermal comfort could contribute to the reduction of the environmental implications to the built environment and facilitate the drive towards the attainment of future sustainability requirements.
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Tettey, Uniben Yao Ayikoe. "Primary energy use of residential buildings : implications of materials, modelling and design approaches." Doctoral thesis, Linnéuniversitetet, Institutionen för byggd miljö och energiteknik (BET), 2017. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:lnu:diva-61470.
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Buildings can play an essential role in the transition to a sustainable society. Different strategies, including improved energy efficiency in buildings, substitution of carbon intensive materials and fuels, efficient energy supply among others can be employed for this purpose. In this thesis, the implications of different insulation materials, modelling and design strategies on primary energy use of residential buildings are studied using life cycle and system perspective. Specifically, the effects of different insulation materials on production primary energy and CO2 emission of buildings with different energy performance are analysed. The results show that application of extra insulation materials to building envelope components reduces the operating primary energy use but more primary energy is required for the insulation material production. This also slightly increases the CO2 emissions from material production. The increases in primary energy use and CO2 emissions are mainly due to the variations in the quantities, types and manufacturing processes of the insulation materials. Thus, choice of renewable based materials with energy efficient manufacturing is important to reduce primary energy use and GHG emissions for building material production. Uncertainties related to building modelling input parameters and assumptions and how they influence energy balance calculations of residential buildings are explored. The implications on energy savings of different energy efficiency measures are also studied. The results show that input data and assumptions used for energy balance simulations of buildings vary widely in the Swedish context giving significant differences in calculated energy demand for buildings. Among the considered parameters, indoor air temperature, internal heat gains and efficiency of ventilation heat recovery (VHR) have significant impacts on the simulated building energy performance as well as on the energy efficiency measures. The impact of parameter interactions on calculated space heating of buildings is rather small but increases with more parameter combinations and more energy efficient buildings. Detailed energy characterisation of household equipment and technical installations used in a building is essential to accurately calculate the energy demand, particularly for a low energy building. The design and construction of new buildings present many possibilities to minimise both heating and cooling demands over the lifecycle of buildings, and also in the context of climate change. Various design strategies and measures are analysed for buildings with different energy performance under different climate scenarios. These include household equipment and technical installations based on best available technology, bypassing the VHR unit, solar shading of windows, combinations of window u- and g-values, different proportions of glazed window areas and façade orientations and mechanical cooling. The results show that space heating and cooling demands vary significantly with the energy performance of buildings as well as climate scenarios. Space heating demand decreases while space cooling demand and the risk of overheating increase considerably with warmer climate. The space cooling demand and overheating risk are more significant for buildings with higher energy performance. Significant reductions are achieved in the operation final energy demands and overheating is avoided or greatly reduced when different design strategies and measures are implemented cumulatively under different climate change scenarios. The primary energy efficiency of heat supply systems depends on the heat production technology and type of fuel use. Analysis of the interaction between different design strategies and heat supply options shows that the combination of design strategies giving the lowest primary energy use for space heating and cooling varies between heat supply from district heating with combined heat and power (CHP) and heat only boilers (HOB). The primary energy use for space heating is significantly lower when the heat supply is from CHP rather than HOB. Operation primary energy use is significantly reduced with slight increase in production primary energy when the design strategies are implemented. The results suggest that significant primary energy reductions are achievable under climate change, if new buildings are designed with appropriate strategies.
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Fazlic, Sabina. "Design strategies for environmentally sustainable residential tall buildings in the cool temperate climates of Europe and North America." Thesis, Cardiff University, 2013. http://orca.cf.ac.uk/56517/.
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As the aspirations for tall buildings have shifted towards sustainability, architects face newfound challenges in finding sufficient information on environmental strategies and ways in which to apply them, particularly when specific climatic and functional aspects are considered. This research thus aims to find principles of environmentally sustainable design to contribute to the creation of residential tall buildings in the cool temperate climates of Europe and North America and to organize them to best inform architects during the schematic design stage. Generated as an iterative series of trials, which are characterized by the application of a ‘framework’ version in the design of towers for specific sites, the research consists of three stages. All develop the main elements of the framework – the environmental ‘design principles’, the ‘framework matrix’ that organizes the principles based on the interaction of climatic influence and design stage and a ‘step sequence’ that further specifies their placement within each interaction – but each also has a particular focus. Stage 1 concentrates on the strategies of Ken Yeang as a starting point and finds, through a case study comparison, a lack of their comprehensive use in practices. Stage 2 applies the framework on two sites to evaluate the impact of climatic and urban variations within the climate type and provides an assessment with rating systems to examine the framework’s focus within those systems. In Stage 3, students test the framework’s usability; their feedback and a further literature review inform the fourth version of the framework. The research suggests that bioclimatic design principles can be presented comprehensively and organized hierarchically to best inform architects during the schematic design stage. Adequate information is required, including qualifications, limitations, options and links between principles. It recommends further framework development and proposes that research be more fully integrated into teaching modules and practice.
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Nastasi, Nicholas A. "Indoor Environmental Quality: Overview of the Role of Residential Homes, Environmental Hazards, and Mitigation Strategies in Human Health." The Ohio State University, 2021. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1616860804802192.
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Hagen, Tom, and Rodriguez Meshe. "Property Developers’ Pricing Strategies and Time on Market." Thesis, KTH, Fastigheter och byggande, 2018. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-260085.
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This study aims to investigate the causal linkage between developers’ pricing strategies and time on market (TOM) in the primary market for residential properties, i.e. a market where the seller is a developer or construction company, since this market differs significantly from the secondary or succession market.Regression models are estimated using a dataset from 11 500 newly built apartment units in the Stockholm, Sweden, sold between June 2010 and March 2018. To describe the investigated data and test the hypothesis if overpricing affects TOM a regression analysis was conducted. The Ordinary Least Squares (OLS) technique was applied explaining the size of TOM as a function of changes in a set of characteristics and conditions (independent variables) in one single equation. To measure an objective Degree of Overpricing (DOP), expected price was obtained by using market data and a hedonic price model controlling property attributes and market conditions. DOP is measured as the normalized difference between selling price and expected price.By using a constructed price model when studying the relationship between the price and multiple independent variables, the empirical results show that an increase in variables such as competitive supply, distance from city centre, monthly fee and selling time lead to a decrease in price while higher floor level lead to an increase in price. Looking into the degree of overpricing and its effect on TOM, a Time on Market model was applied. Generally, the empirical results demonstrate that higher DOP results in longer TOM. An increase in competitive supply and monthly fee result in shorter TOM. When it comes to size, smaller apartments seems to sell faster than larger apartments. Different modulations detect varying significances among the independent variables investigated. Overall, the models display a positive correlation between DOP and TOM.The originality and value of this study lies in the analysis of data collected from several development projects. This study is one of the first study that empirically examine the price-TOM relationship in the Stockholm primary housing market.Denna studie syftar till att undersöka det kausala sambandet mellan bostadsutvecklarnas prissättningsstrategier och försäljningstiden (TOM) på primärmarknaden för bostäder, dvs. marknaden där säljaren är en utvecklare eller ett byggföretag, eftersom denna marknad skiljer sig avsevärt från den sekundära marknaden eller successionsmarknaden.Regressionsmodeller har beräknats med hjälp av ett dataset om 11 500 nyproducerade lägenheter i Stockholm, som såldes mellan juni 2010 och mars 2018. För att beskriva de undersökta uppgifterna och testa våra hypoteserna, regressionsanalys tillämpades – en statistisk teknik som förklarar storleken av en variabel, kallad beroende variabel, som en funktion av förändringar i en uppsättning andra variabler, som kallas oberoende variabler, genom kvantifiering av en enda ekvation. Metoden Ordinary Least Square (OLS) har använts för att förklara försäljningstidens storlek storleken som funktion av förändringar i en uppsättning egenskaper och villkor (oberoende variabler) i en enda ekvation. För att beräkna graden av överprissättning (DOP), förväntat pris har erhållits med hjälp av marknadsdata och en hedonisk prismodell som kontrollerar fastighetsattribut och marknadsförhållanden. DOP har beräknats som normaliserad skillnad mellan försäljningspris och förväntat pris.Genom att använda en konstruerad prismodell när man studerar förhållandet mellan pris och multipelständiga variabler visar de empiriska resultaten att en ökning av variabler som konkurrenskraftig tillförsel, avstånd från centrum, månadsavgift och annonstid leder till en prisminskning medan högre våning nivå leder till en ökning av priset. När det gäller storlek verkar mindre lägenheter sälja snabbare än större lägenheter. Om man tittar på graden av överprissättning och dess effekt på TOM, tillämpas en TOM-modell. De empiriska resultaten visar att högre DOP resulterar i längre TOM. En ökning av befintliga utbudet och månadsavgiften resulterar i kortare TOM. Överlag, trots vissa motstridiga resultat, visar grundmodellen en positiv korrelation mellan DOP och TOM.Originaliteten och värdet av denna studie ligger i analysen av data som samlats in från flera olika utvecklingsprojekt i Stockholmsområde. Denna studie är en av de första studier som empiriskt undersöker förhållande mellan prissättning och TOM på Stockholms primära bostadsmarknad.
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Guyer, Brittany (Brittany Leigh). "A comparison of ground source heat pumps and micro-combined heat and power as residential greenhouse gas reduction strategies." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/54470.
Full textAbstract:
Thesis (S.B.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Mechanical Engineering, 2009.Cataloged from PDF version of thesis.
Includes bibliographical references (p. 27-28).
Both ground source heat pumps operating on electricity and micro-combined heat and power systems operating on fossil fuels offer potential for the reduction of green house gas emissions in comparison to the conventional approaches for providing heating, air conditioning and electric power to residential homes. Factors that may impact the relative merits are actual system operating efficiencies, regional primary energy sources for electric power generation, actual space conditioning and electric demands as well as regional climate factors. The purpose of this study is to make a consistent, realistic comparison of these greenhouse gas reduction strategies as applied to typical single-family residential homes across the United States. The study identifies both the regional variations and specific magnitudes of reductions that could be expected with these technologies when implemented within the current energy infrastructure. These comparisons are achieved by identifying the performance characteristics of both technologies, developing typical application scenarios and collecting important regional data associated with electric power production and climate variations. The results show that indeed regional variations exist in the relative merits of micro-CHP systems and ground source heat pumps on reducing the carbon emissions for households. Specific results are sensitive to the assumptions made regarding the carbon production characteristics of incremental increases or decreases of electrical demand on the local electricity utility grid.
by Brittany Guyer
S.B.
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Dao, Catherine H. "An exploratory study of the methods and strategies implemented to integrate unaccompanied minors in five residential home in Sweden." Thesis, Högskolan i Gävle, Avdelningen för socialt arbete och psykologi, 2014. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hig:diva-21306.
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The aim of the study was to explore what methods the personnel in five residential care homes in Götaland, Sweden, implement to integrate unaccompanied minors. The study investigated how and what methods are constructed as well as how the social interaction between the unaccompanied minors and the personnel at the homes bring about the learning of the methods. Five face-to-face semi-structured interviews were conducted and analysed through the perspective of social construction and social learning theory. The result revealed that the methods are not clearly identified by the personnel. The personals are still learning how to work with unaccompanied minors from their experiences. This indicates that the practice is at its infant stage. The study found a wide variety of methods, which were based on the child and where some methods intend to build good relationship, to integrate the children into society and to facilitate the development of strategies and methods. The study also addresses the issue of how the methods and strategies can be affected by the dynamic migratory flow and the question of evidence based practice within this field.
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Myers, Lee A. "Novel build-to-rent strategies for single family homebuilders." Thesis, Georgia Institute of Technology, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/51873.
Full textAbstract:
Following the recession of 2007-2009, conditions in the housing and finance
industries favored an increase in renter occupied homes relative to owner occupied
homes. With rental properties comprising an increasing share of the housing supply, the
home building industry should consider housing products that meet the needs of renters. This thesis proposes a build-to-rent product for single family home builders, to be offered as a complement to the traditional built-for-sale product. The purpose of the research is to
demonstrate that a build-to-rent product is financially feasible under ordinary market
conditions. In order to determine the viability of a build-to-rent product under likely market conditions, a financial model has been developed for a single family build-to rent product. The research involves reviewing the literature related to similar investment product types in order to develop a business model for the proposed build-to-rent product. The proposed model utilizes financial parameters currently in the industry, respectively, in the analysis of homebuilding projects and rental property investments. Using the analytical methods used for analogous investment classes, the author calculates a projected market range of input variables for the model. Sensitivity analysis of the model was then used to test the financial feasibility of a build-to-rent product. The analysis showed that the proposed product would be feasible under ordinary market conditions. Additional recommendations for future research has been explored based on the findings of this study.
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Coulombel, Nicolas. "Toward a better representation of housing demand : on the role of monetary and non-monetary costs in household residential strategies." Phd thesis, Université Paris-Est, 2010. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00601262.
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Cette thèse étudie les stratégies résidentielles des ménages par l'angle des budgets logement et transport, incluant débours monétaires et budgets temps et distance dans le cas du transport. Elle vise à mieux cerner le rôle des contraintes budgétaires dans les choix résidentiels, notamment pour mieux représenter ces derniers en modélisation appliquée. Un état de l'art compare comment l'économie et les modèles d'interaction transport - usage du sol adressent la demande de logement. Ayant mis en évidence le manque de vision globale d'une part, et une tendance à une vision trop statistique et peu comportementaliste d'autre part, l'étude du rôle des budgets logement et transport tente de remédier à ces deux points. Ceci comprend deux temps : un empirique, via l'étude des budgets transport et logement des ménages franciliens et des implications quant aux stratégies résidentielles, suivi de l'analyse théorique d'une limitation de la dépense de logement ou de logement et de transport
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Knüfermann, Markus. "Angebotsgestaltung im Internet-Banking für Privatkunden deutscher Sparkassen - Internet banking service strategies of German saving banks in the residential market." Gerhard-Mercator-Universitaet Duisburg, 2002. http://www.ub.uni-duisburg.de/ETD-db/theses/available/duett-06062002-210958/.
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Internet banking is frequently classified as an extension of conventional distribution channels for financial services in the retail market. The present study empirically investigates the internet banking strategies of German saving banks. The study develops marketing strategy recommendations for the saving banks which take into account the results of the empirical analysis.
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CUNHA, CAROLINA DE ARAUJO E. "ANALYSIS OF FACTORS AFFECTING THE STRATEGIES OF DEVELOPERS AND BUILDERS OF RESIDENTIAL REAL ESTATE IN THE RIO DE JANEIRO CITY." PONTIFÍCIA UNIVERSIDADE CATÓLICA DO RIO DE JANEIRO, 2014. http://www.maxwell.vrac.puc-rio.br/Busca_etds.php?strSecao=resultado&nrSeq=24288@1.
Full textAbstract:
Em função da estabilidade econômica do País e do aumento da renda da
população, o setor de construção civil vem se destacando como gerador de
negócios nos últimos anos. No negócio imobiliário habitacional existe um amplo
leque de empresas, com algumas divisões definidas, tais como aquelas que só
atuam em mercados de baixa renda ou as especializadas em imóveis com lazer,
ou, ainda, aquelas focadas em lançamentos de apartamentos para atender
determinados segmentos do mercado e outras divisões. A estabilização do
crescimento da indústria da construção civil habitacional e a valorização dos
imóveis a partir de 2012 levaram o mercado imobiliário a se tornar ainda mais
competitivo. Para manterem-se lucrativas as construtoras e incorporadoras
precisam ajustar suas estratégias buscando atender às expectativas dos seus
consumidores, superando os concorrentes e se ajustando à nova dinâmica do
mercado. Neste contexto, este trabalho visa a identificar, pela percepção dos
especialistas do mercado imobiliário e dos gestores de empresas, quais são os
fatores ambientais que mais afetam a formulação da estratégia dos grupos
estratégicos de empresas atuantes na construção civil habitacional, formados com
base na teoria de Michael Porter sobre grupos estratégicos. Para tal, foi realizado
estudo qualitativo se utilizando de entrevistas semiestruturadas com especialistas
do mercado imobiliário e gestores de construtoras-incorporadoras atuantes no
Grande Rio. Os resultados indicam a existência de grupos estratégicos de
empresas muito influenciados pelo seu porte, segmento alvo e estratégia
competitiva genérica. Vários fatores foram identificados como importantes à
formulação da estratégia competitiva neste setor, podendo-se destacar a atuação
do governo, o poder de barganha dos donos de terrenos, a competição dentro do
setor, aumento dos custos, as mudanças socioculturais em curso e o crescimento
econômico da cidade nos últimos anos.Due to the economic stability of the country and, rising incomes, the construction industry has been highlighted as a business generator in recent years. Lying in the real estate business, there is a broad range of companies, with some defined divisions, such as those that only operate in low-income or specialized in real estate and leisure markets, or even those focused on sales launches. The growth of the residential construction industry and the increase in real estate pricing from 2012 shows that the housing market is becoming more competitive. To remain profitable, the builders and developers need to adjust their strategies, seeking to meet the expectations of its consumers, surpassing competitors and adjusting to the new market dynamics. In this context, this work aims to identify the perceptions of business managers, what are the environmental factors that affect the strategy formulation by the strategic groups of companies engaged in housing construction, originated from the Michael Porter s theory of strategic groups. In order to do so, a qualitative research, using semi-structured interviews, with experts, managers of real estate market and builders developers, established in Rio de Janeiro, was realized. The results indicate the existence of strategic groups of companies, heavily influenced by its size. Several factors were identified as important to the formulation of competitive strategy in this sector, and highlight the role of government, the bargaining power of owners of land, the competition within the sector, rising costs, socio-cultural changes underway and, city economic growth in last years.
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Tadayon, Najafabadi Davood. "Methods of survey for technical evaluation and planning of renovation strategies in residential building properties : Case Study, Tyresö municipality (Ekbacken)." Thesis, KTH, Byggnadsteknik, 2018. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-232329.
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The thesis is an outcome of a collaborative work between the author and the renovation team of Modexa AB on project of housing renovation of Tyresö municipality ( Ekbacken ). During this thesis we tried to analyse the ongoing process of renovation in Stockholm and try to provide a solution which helps to improve the data gathering and analysis by production of the BIM model. Further studies to provide further details about the possible outcomes of the BIM model and integration with other software for energy studies, project management and building management had been done.
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Ennis, Robin Parks. "Self-Regulated Strategy Development for Students with Emotional/Behavioral Disorders in a Residential School." Digital Archive @ GSU, 2013. http://digitalarchive.gsu.edu/epse_diss/85.
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Students with emotional and behavioral disorders (E/BD) have academic deficits that affect their success in school; however, few researchers have investigated what strategies work best for this population, especially in the area of writing. One promising intervention to support the writing skills of students with and at-risk for E/BD is self-regulated strategy development (SRSD). SRSD is a six-stage, explicit strategy instruction model that includes procedures for goal setting, self-monitoring, self-instruction, and self-reinforcement and can be generalized to a variety of writing tasks. The purpose of this study was to determine the effects of an SRSD persuasive writing intervention on the writing achievement of 44 students in a residential school. Results of a piecewise hierarchical linear modeling growth curve analysis suggest statistically significant gains were made over the course of the intervention in writing (quality, correct word sequences, and essay elements) and academic engagement. Effects also generalized to writing achievement measures. In addition, teachers implemented the intervention with high fidelity, and both students and teachers rated the intervention as socially acceptable, with higher ratings postintervention.
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Bilgiç, Serkan Günaydın Murat. "Passive solar desing strategies for buildings:A case study on improvement of an existing residential building's thermal performance by passive solar design tools/." [s.l.]: [s.n.], 2003. http://library.iyte.edu.tr/tezler/master/mimarlik/T000291.rar.
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Hashemi, Fesharaki M. "Energy optimisation in residential apartments through the passive design strategies by evaluating the local construction materials and designs in semi-arid climate condition of Tehran." Thesis, University of Salford, 2018. http://usir.salford.ac.uk/47079/.
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Low energy building design methods, and the corresponding environmental constraints, are widely explored in many developed countries. Tehran characterized by its semi-arid climates and geographical location in a global region is renowned for its high energy consumption and carbon emission rates. This research aims to evaluate the energy performances of low energy housing in multi residential buildings in Tehran and provide design guidance in improving their energy and thermal performances using passive design measures. The research considers the building envelope as the back bone of its energy optimisation. It takes into account the local climatic conditions context and local construction practices as well as the most often used construction materials. In order to fulfil the above stated aim, this research uses annual KWh/m2 as a design selection metric to evaluate various design considerations in Tehran. A comprehensive, three phase studies have been carried out for the research in order to achieve following objectives: (a) identify building construction factors resulting in high energy consumption in domestic buildings in Tehran; (b) assess the local efficient design and materials contributing to reduction of energy consumption in Tehran (c) evaluate passive domestic design with regards to free running buildings where is applicable (d) propose guidance on better energy performance residential buildings in Tehran through passive design principles. The finding of this research proves that a systematically selection of various designs and materials within the local practices and market, coupled with considerations of local standard thermal comfort requirements, up to 70% of energy savings can be achieved in Tehran without imposing much change against the cost and design to the existing practices.
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Benzarti, Ghedas Habiba. "Modeling and thermal optimization of residential buildings using BIM and based on RTS method : application to traditional and standard house in Sousse city." Doctoral thesis, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/406007.
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The thermal quality of the contemporary building tends to be deteriorated due to aesthetic and economic considerations. Cheap materials which are thermally inappropriate are still rising in new buildings. Actually, the architectural design has been changed. Hence, the orientation is poorly investigated. The interior height of the new buildings is defectively compared to those of traditional houses. In addition, the patio is replaced by a corridor and different parts have already become communicating. Accordingly, the heating and cooling space becomes more and more important. The traditional dwelling, in fact, has a bioclimatic architecture which provides naturally minimal comfort.
In our work, we tend to exploit the REVIT software in the residential building simulation in Tunisia and to optimize the modern housing model. Following the REVIT validation of the obtained results and comparing them to TRNSYS and SPREADSHEET ASHRAE, we have already relied on them to assess both housing models (contemporary and traditional). Using REVIT, the evaluation results show that traditional housing are more efficient than contemporary ones particularly during summer period. Then, we optimize the modern models making use of the passive strategies of traditional bioclimatic architecture and the improvement measures in the previous investigations. Numerous tests have been generated applying REVIT software in order to determine various models of contemporary housing which are able to be integrated into the Mediterranean climate. In fact, these tests indicate that REVIT efficiency is based on RTS method in thermal simulation of residential buildings.La qualité thermique des bâtiments modernes a une tendance à se détériorer en raison de considérations esthétiques et économiques. L'utilisation de matériaux de construction de bon marché et thermiquement inappropriées ne cesse d'augmenter dans les nouvelles constructions. À l'heure actuelle, la conception architecturale a changé. L'orientation est peu étudiée, la hauteur intérieure des nouveaux locaux est faible comparée à celle de la maison traditionnelle et le patio est remplacé par un couloir. Les différentes parties sont devenues communicantes. Ainsi, l'espace de chauffage et de refroidissement devient plus important. L'habitation traditionnelle tunisienne présente une architecture bioclimatique qui permet de fournir un confort minimal naturellement. Notre travail vise à exploiter le REVIT dans la simulation des bâtiments résidentiels en Tunisie et d'optimiser le modèle d'habitat moderne. Après validation des résultats obtenus par REVIT, comparés à ceux de TRNSYS et SPREADSHEET ASHRAE, nous l'avons, tout d'abord, exploité pour évaluer les deux modèles d'habitats (traditionnels et contemporains). Les résultats d'évaluation, en utilisant REVIT, montrent que l'habitat traditionnel sont plus efficaces que celui moderne particulièrement en période estivale. Par la suite, nous avons optimisé le modèle de maisons contemporaines, en utilisant en premier lieu, les stratégies passives de l'architecture bioclimatique traditionnelle, et en second lieu, en utilisant les mesures d'amélioration utilisées dans des études antérieures. Afin, de déterminer une variante de modèle d'habitat contemporain thermiquement optimal et qui s'intègre dans le climat méditerranéen, plusieurs tests sont générés en utilisant REVIT. Ces tests montrent l'efficacité de ce dernier qui se base sur la méthode RTS dans la simulation thermique des bâtiments résidentiels.
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Agoma, Mahikiwe-Blandine. "Les choix résidentiels à Lomé à Abidjan : entre opportunités spatiales, politiques delogement et stratégies des ménages." Thesis, Paris 10, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014PA100032/document.
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Cette thèse apporte des éclairages sur la question des choix résidentiels en milieu urbain à travers les analyseurs sociaux et institutionnels. Elle débute par un constat : les caractéristiques du logement (son confort, sa qualité architecturale, sa localisation, etc.) déterminent les choix de résidence des individus. Les choix résidentiels s’inscrivent aussi dans un rapport complexe aux politiques foncières et immobilières, ce qui va imposer aux ménages d’adapter leurs décisions à leurs besoins, mais aussi à l’offre. L’offre est un élément primordial qui va influencer le profil des ménages à s’établir dans tel ou tel autre secteur de la ville. Lomé et Abidjan, villes que nous avons choisies pour mener cette réflexion, illustrent parfaitement à travers leur histoire, la manière dont les stratégies d’appropriation de l’espace procèdent à la fois d’un choix volontaire et contraint des citadins. En s’appuyant sur les théories économiques et sociales et en déconstruisant un modèle résidentiel unique, on proposera une approche plurielle des déterminants des choix résidentiels chez les citadins ouest-africains. L’un des enjeux de cette réflexion est la comparaison de deux villes, comparaison qui a été fort utile pour comprendre comment les aspirations résidentielles des ménages s’agencent aux politiques urbaines. La Côte d’Ivoire et le Togo laissent entrevoir des politiques nationales différentes en matière d’habitat : politique interventionniste de l’Etat pour le cas ivoirien et politique de laisser-faire pour le cas togolais. Ainsi, l’implication des dirigeants ivoiriens dans la production du logement a donné plus d’opportunités aux ménages abidjanais dans leurs parcours résidentiels. Cependant, la nécessité des réformes dans le secteur de l’habitat imposée par la crise économique qui a frappé la plupart des pays africains va contraindre l’Etat à se retirer dès 1982 de la production directe de logements. Ce retrait a permis le retour en force des détendeurs coutumiers et des acteurs immobiliers privés dont les intérêts divergents vont imposer de stratégies résidentielles à de nombreux ménages surtout les plus démunis.Quant à Lomé, le manque d’opportunités résidentielles dû au laisser-faire de l’Etat va associer les choix résidentiels des ménages à de fortes contraintes. Il convient dès lors de s’interroger sur la manière la plus pertinente d’accompagner la réalisation des parcours résidentiels ascendants des ménages par les politiques de logements et d’aménagement adaptés. C’est sans doute sur ce dernier point que notre contribution est assez originale : la pluralité des facteurs des choix résidentiels à prendre en compte pour comprendre, anticiper et répondre aux besoins des ménagesThis research sheds light on the issue of urban residential choices through social and institutional analyzers. It begins with the observation that housing characteristics (comfort, architectural quality, location, etc.) determine the choice of residence of individuals. Residential choices are also part of a complex relationship to the land and property policies, which will force households to adapt their decisions to their needs but also to the offer. The offer is a key element that will influence the profile of households to settle in one or another area of the city. Lomé and Abidjan, cities we have chosen to conduct this reflection, perfectly illustrate through their story, the ways of appropriation of space strategies derive both from voluntary and forced choices of citizens. Based on economic and social theories and by deconstructing a unique residential model, we propose a multi-faceted approach of determinants of residential choice among West African citizens.One of the challenges of this reflection is the comparison of two cities, which was very useful to understand how residential aspirations of households fit together urban policies comparison. Ivory Coast and Togo suggest different national habitat’s policies: interventionist country policy for the Ivorian and let-go policy for the Togolese. Thus, the involvement of Ivorian leaders in the production of housing has given more opportunities to Abidjan households in their residential course. However, the need for reforms in the housing sector imposed by the economic crisis that hit most of African countries will force the country to withdraw from 1982 direct production of housing. This withdrawal allowed the resurgence of traditional regulators and private real actors with divergent interests to impose a residential strategy in many households, especially in the poor households.Regarding Lome, the lack of residential opportunities due to the let-go policy of the country will lead residential choices of households to high constraints. It is therefore necessary to question the pertinent way to follow up the implementation of ascending residential stories of households through housing policies and adapted planning in an appropriate manner. It is probably on this last point that our contribution is quite original: the plurality of residential choice factors to take into account to understand, anticipate and meet households’ needs