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Journal articles on the topic 'Residual tree stands'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 3 June 2025

Last updated: 31 July 2025

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1

Roy, Vincent, Robert Jobidon, and Louis Blais. "Étude des facteurs associés au dépérissement du bouleau à papier en peuplement résiduel après coupe." Forestry Chronicle 77, no. 3 (2001): 509–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.5558/tfc77509-3.

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Following harvesting operations within the Quebec mixedwood region, decadence symptoms are frequently observed on residual paper birch trees, compromising future harvests. Simultaneously, these residual stands are often a constraint to the establishment and growth of valuable regeneration. In the context of intensive forest management and preservation of the conifer component in mixedwood stands, it is important to identify factors associated with paper birch post-logging decadence. Ninety-eight (98) stands were sampled along a partial cutting chronosequence of 1 to 11 years old in order to ex

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2

Seablom, Thomas J., and David D. Reed. "Assessment of Factors Contributing to Residual Tree Damage from Mechanized Harvesting in Northern Hardwoods." Northern Journal of Applied Forestry 22, no. 2 (2005): 124–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/njaf/22.2.124.

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Abstract Seven northern hardwood stands were evaluated for damage after mechanized harvesting. Four different harvesting systems were evaluated: harvester and grapple skidder, processor and forwarder, chainsaw and cable skidder, and chainsaw and forwarder. There was not an excessive amount of damage occurring to any of the residual stands, and there was an adequate number of residual trees per acre in all diameter classes to meet residual stand structure goals. The majority of the damage that did occur was to the bole portion of the tree and to the 2–8-in. dbh size classes. There was no strong

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3

Smyth, Cheryl, Jim Schieck, Stan Boutin, and Shawn Wasel. "Influence of stand size on pattern of live trees in mixedwood landscapes following wildfire." Forestry Chronicle 81, no. 1 (2005): 125–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.5558/tfc81125-1.

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Burned areas and patches of residual live trees were mapped from post-fire aerial photographs of 168 mixedwood stands (a total of 9367 ha), in eight large wildfires in the boreal forest of northern Alberta. The stands were stratified into three size classes: small (<10 ha), medium (10–60 ha), and large (>60 ha).We described the area occupied by single live residual trees, unburned patches of live trees and partially burned patches of live trees within these mixedwood stands. Although results from individual stands were highly variable, there was proportionally more area covered by live r

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4

Sokol, Kerry A., Michael S. Greenwood, and William H. Livingston. "Impacts of Long-Term Diameter-Limit Harvesting on Residual Stands of Red Spruce in Maine." Northern Journal of Applied Forestry 21, no. 2 (2004): 69–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/njaf/21.2.69.

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Abstract Diameter-limit harvesting has long been suspected as a dysgenic forestry practice, but a conclusive, practical demonstration of the effects of this selection technique on residual tree performance is lacking. To determine the effects of repeated diameter-limit harvesting on the phenotypes of residual trees, we compared radial growth patterns of residual red spruce trees (with ages greater than 100 years) after diameter-limit harvests with those of residual trees in stands subjected to positive selection harvesting. After nearly 50 years of repeated harvesting, residual trees in the di

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5

Perry, Roger W., and Ronald E. Thill. "Initial Effects of Reproduction Cutting Treatments on Residual Hard Mast Production in the Ouachita Mountains." Southern Journal of Applied Forestry 27, no. 4 (2003): 253–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/sjaf/27.4.253.

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Abstract We compared indices of total hard mast production (oak and hickory combined) in 20, second-growth, pine-hardwood stands under five treatments to determine the effects of different reproduction treatments on mast production in the Ouachita Mountains. We evaluated mast production in mature unharvested controls and stands under four reproduction cutting methods (single-tree selection, group selection, shelterwood, and clearcut with wildlife tree retention) during the first 6 yr after initial harvest. Mean Whitehead mast production indices were greater in shelterwoods and clearcuts with w

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Miller, Gary W., and H. Clay Smith. "A Practical Alternative to Single-Tree Selection?" Northern Journal of Applied Forestry 10, no. 1 (1993): 32–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/njaf/10.1.32.

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Abstract When landowners want to develop and maintain an uneven-aged tree structure in eastern hardwood stands, single-tree selection often is suggested as the only advisable, long-term partial regeneration harvest method. Single-tree selection is preferred because it provides a means for improving quality and controlling stocking of the residual stand necessary for sustained yield of desired products. Although studies have shown that single-tree selection is feasible where desirable shade-tolerant species can be regenerated, it is rarely applied because marking stands for harvest can be diffi

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7

Heitzman, Eric, and Adrian G. Grell. "Residual Tree Damage Along Forwarder Trails from Cut-to-Length Thinning in Maine Spruce Stands." Northern Journal of Applied Forestry 19, no. 4 (2002): 161–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/njaf/19.4.161.

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Abstract In Maine and adjacent eastern Canadian provinces, cut-to-length harvesting has emerged as an ecologically attractive method of thinning conifer plantations and natural stands. Yet regional information on the extent of residual stand damage associated with this system is lacking. Eight naturally regenerated red spruce (Picea rubens) stands in northern Maine were studied; all stands were thinned in 1997–1998 with a processor and forwarder combination. Field methods consisted of examining individual trees near forwarder trails for bole damage and measuring the size and aboveground height

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8

Walter, Scott T., and Chris C. Maguire. "Conifer response to three silvicultural treatments in the Oregon Coast Range foothills." Canadian Journal of Forest Research 34, no. 9 (2004): 1967–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/x04-068.

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This study assessed growth, condition, and mortality of residual trees one decade after harvest across three silvicultural treatments in thirty 85- to 125-year-old Douglas-fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii (Mirb.) Franco) stands in the Oregon Coast Range foothills. Group-selection cuts had 33% of the entire stand volume extracted as patches approximately 0.20.8 ha in size; two-story regeneration harvests had 75% of the volume extracted, and 2030 residual trees/ha were left; clearcuts had all trees removed, except for 1.2 trees/ha. One decade after harvest, tree basal area, diameter, and height grow

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9

Howard, Andrew F. "Damage to residual trees from cable yarding when partial cutting second-growth stands in coastal British Columbia." Canadian Journal of Forest Research 26, no. 8 (1996): 1392–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/x26-155.

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Damage to residual trees associated with a specific combination of stand conditions, silvicultural treatment, and harvesting system must be known if this information is to guide foresters in the design of prescriptions for individual stands planned for partial cutting. A study was made of residual tree damage in two stands of second growth in coastal British Columbia that were partially cut and the timber was yarded with cable systems. Damage to residual trees was found to be high at both sites. The percentage of trees damaged decreased with increasing distance from the skyline corridor, and b

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10

Acker, S. A., E. K. Zenner, and W. H. Emmingham. "Structure and yield of two-aged stands on the Willamette National Forest, Oregon: implications for green tree retention." Canadian Journal of Forest Research 28, no. 5 (1998): 749–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/x98-039.

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Green tree retention, a practice based on ecosystem science, has been integrated into forest management as a working hypothesis, requiring research and monitoring to quantify its effects. We undertook a retrospective study of natural, two-aged forest stands on the Willamette National Forest to provide preliminary estimates of the effects of green tree retention on forest structure and yield. Fourteen stands in the western hemlock (Tsuga heterophylla (Raf.) Sarg.) zone (mostly dominated by Douglas-fir, Pseudotsuga menziesii (Mirb.) Franco) were sampled using adjacent, paired plots: one with res

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11

Rice, James A., G. Blake MacDonald, and David H. Weingartner. "Precommercial thinning of trembling aspen in northern Ontario: Part 1 – Growth responses." Forestry Chronicle 77, no. 5 (2001): 893–901. http://dx.doi.org/10.5558/tfc77893-5.

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In Ontario, trembling aspen (Populus tremuloides Michx.) utilization has increased over the past 20 years and this trend is expected to continue. With this increased demand, questions are being raised about stand conditions required for optimum growth. In 1979, a study was initiated across the commercial range of aspen in northern Ontario to determine the optimum precommercial thinning intensities for aspen tree and stand growth. Six pure aspen stands between the ages of five and 22 years were thinned to residual spacings of 2 × 2 m, 3 × 3 m, 4 × 4 m, and 5 × 5 m. Unthinned and thinned plots w

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12

Amman, Gene D., Mark D. McGregor, Richard F. Schmitz, and Robert D. Oakes. "Susceptibility of lodgepole pine to infestation by mountain pine beetles following partial cutting of stands." Canadian Journal of Forest Research 18, no. 6 (1988): 688–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/x88-105.

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Thinning stands of lodgepole pine (Pinuscontorta Douglas var. latifolia Engelmann) is thought to increase vigor and thereby reduce susceptibility to mountain pine beetle (Dendroctonusponderosae Hopkins). Partial cut stands of lodgepole in the Kootenai and Lolo National forests, Montana, U.S.A., provided opportunity (i) to determine growth response of 76- to 102-year-old lodgepole pines following thinning and (ii) to test the hypothesis that vigor of residual trees infested and uninfested by beetles does not differ. Lodgepole pine stands receiving different partial cutting prescriptions were sa

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13

Wittwer, Robert F., Michael G. Shelton, and James M. Guldin. "Effects of Reproduction Cutting Method and Hardwood Retention on Shortleaf Pine Seed Production in Natural Stands of the Ouachita Mountains." Southern Journal of Applied Forestry 27, no. 3 (2003): 206–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/sjaf/27.3.206.

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Abstract Shortleaf pine (Pinus echinata Mill.) seed production was monitored for 4 yr in stands harvested by a range of even- and uneven-aged reproduction cutting methods. The fifty-two 35–40 ac stands were distributed throughout the Ouachita Mountains from central Arkansas to eastern Oklahoma. Seed crops were characterized as good, poor, poor, and bumper, averaging 109,000, 18,000, 5,000, and 379,000 sound seeds/ac, respectively. Seed production the first year after harvest was generally correlated with residual density of shortleaf pines; unharvested control stands, single-tree selection, an

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14

Negrón, José F. "Within-Stand Distribution of Tree Mortality Caused by Mountain Pine Beetle, Dendroctonus ponderosae Hopkins." Insects 11, no. 2 (2020): 112. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/insects11020112.

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The mountain pine beetle (MPB) (Dendroctonus ponderosae) is a bark beetle that attacks and kills ponderosa pine (Pinus ponderosa), among other pine species throughout the western conifer forests of the United States and Canada, particularly in dense stands comprising large trees. There is information on the stand conditions that the insect prefers. However, there is a paucity of information on how small-scale variation in stand conditions influences the distribution of tree mortality within a stand. I examined the small-scale distribution of ponderosa pine basal area pre- and post a mountain p

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15

MacDonell, Marc R., and Arthur Groot. "Harvesting peatland black spruce: Impacts on advance growth and site disturbance." Forestry Chronicle 73, no. 2 (1997): 249–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.5558/tfc73249-2.

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A project was established in the Lake Abitibi Model Forest to study the effects of several harvesting systems on advance growth protection and site disturbance. Tree-length and cut-to-length harvesting systems were compared to a full-tree system on peatland black spruce (Picea mariana (Mill.) B.S.P.) sites. The impacts of the various harvesting systems were compared by summarizing the structural and mensurational properties of the stands before and after harvest, by evaluating damage to residual trees, and by assessing site disturbance. The tree-length and full-tree systems, which were compare

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16

Fajvan, Mary Ann, Karl E. Knipling, and Brian D. Tift. "Damage to Appalachian Hardwoods from Diameter-Limit Harvesting and Shelterwood Establishment Cutting." Northern Journal of Applied Forestry 19, no. 2 (2002): 80–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/njaf/19.2.80.

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Abstract Residual stand damage was assessed in 10 ac stands harvested with either a 12 in. diameter-limit harvest, a 16 in. diameter-limit harvest or an establishment cut of the shelterwood method. Each stand was logged using manual felling and cable skidding; treatments were replicated four times. The 12 in. diameter-limit harvests had the lowest residual basal areas but residual stems had the highest percentage of damage and largest stem wounds. In all three treatments, as tree size (dbh) increased and distance to skid trail increased, the probability of individual tree damage decreased.

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17

Gronewold, Chris, Anthony W. D’Amato, and Brian J. Palik. "Relationships between growth, quality, and stocking within managed old-growth northern hardwoods." Canadian Journal of Forest Research 42, no. 6 (2012): 1115–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/x2012-070.

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An understanding of long-term growth dynamics is central to the development of sustainable uneven-aged silvicultural systems for northern hardwood forests in eastern North America. Of particular importance are quantitative assessments of the relationships between stocking control and long-term growth and quality development. This study examined these relationships in a long-term silviculture experiment established in northern hardwood stands in the Upper Peninsula of Michigan, USA. Stands were old growth at the onset of the experiment and were maintained at three residual stocking levels (11.5

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18

Bradford, John B., Anthony W. D’Amato, Brian J. Palik, and Shawn Fraver. "A new method for evaluating forest thinning: growth dominance in managed Pinus resinosa stands." Canadian Journal of Forest Research 40, no. 5 (2010): 843–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/x10-039.

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Growth dominance is a relatively new, simple, quantitative metric of within-stand individual tree growth patterns, and is defined as positive when larger trees in the stand display proportionally greater growth than smaller trees, and negative when smaller trees display proportionally greater growth than larger trees. We examined long-term silvicultural experiments in red pine ( Pinus resinosa Ait.) to characterize how stand age, thinning treatments (thinned from above, below, or both), and stocking levels (residual basal area) influence stand-level growth dominance through time. In stands thi

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19

Berrill, John-Pascal, and Kevin L. O’Hara. "Estimating site productivity in irregular stand structures by indexing the basal area or volume increment of the dominant species." Canadian Journal of Forest Research 44, no. 1 (2014): 92–100. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/cjfr-2013-0230.

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Estimating site productivity in irregular structures is complicated by variations in stand density, structure, composition in mixed stands, and suppression experienced by subordinate trees. Our objective was to develop an alternate to site index (SI) and demonstrate its application in models of individual-tree and stand growth. We analyzed coast redwood (Sequoia sempervirens (Lamb. ex D. Don) Endl.) tree and stand growth in a grid of 234 permanent sample plots covering a 110 ha study area in north coastal California. Partial harvesting created a mosaic of densities and openings throughout the

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20

Ward, Jeffrey S., George R. Stephens, and Francis J. Ferrandino. "Influence of Cutting Method on Stand Growth in Sawtimber Oak Stands." Northern Journal of Applied Forestry 22, no. 1 (2005): 59–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/njaf/22.1.59.

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Abstract Many upland oak forests in the eastern United States are approaching economic and biological maturity. A study was established in 1981–1984 in three central Connecticut forests to examine the effects of six distinct cutting methods (shelterwood, diameter limit, multiaged crop tree, high grading, silvicultural clearcut, forest preserve) on stand growth and dynamics in sawtimber oak stands. Board-foot volumes (International 1/4) averaged 8.4 mbf/ac before the initial harvest. Sixty-nine percent of sawtimber trees had butt-log grades of 2 or better. Volume growth was significantly lower

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21

Burton, Julia I., Eric K. Zenner, and Lee E. Frelich. "Frost Crack Incidence in Northern Hardwood Forests of the Southern Boreal–North Temperate Transition Zone." Northern Journal of Applied Forestry 25, no. 3 (2008): 133–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/njaf/25.3.133.

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Abstract Frost cracks are common in northern hardwood stands near their northern range limits. Although they have long been attributed to the regional climate, temperature fluctuations result in surface cracks largely when internal wounds are present. We examined the relationship between the proportion of trees with frost cracks and both tree-level diameter class and stand structural characteristics in primary stands with a history of minimal logging (n = 4) and 67- to 97-year-old second-growth stands subjected to past heavy partial cuts and high grading (n = 8). We hypothesized that frost cra

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22

Ostrofsky, W. D., R. S. Seymour, and R. C. Lemin Jr. "Damage to northern hardwoods from thinning using whole-tree harvesting technology." Canadian Journal of Forest Research 16, no. 6 (1986): 1238–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/x86-219.

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A mechanized whole-tree harvesting system, which has recently found widespread use in northern New England, was evaluated for its impact on residual crop trees in two northern hardwood stands in western Maine. Stand type, skid trail spacing, and whether or not skid trails were designated prior to harvesting significantly influenced stand damage levels. A higher mean percentage of residual trees was injured in a Betulapapyrifera Marsh, stand (49%) than in similar treatments in a Fagusgrandifolia Ehrh. – Quercusrubra L. stand (32%). A spacing of 20 m between predesignated trails resulted in less

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Vincent, Manon, Cornelia Krause, and Ahmed Koubaa. "Influence of Stem Taper on the Yield of Black Spruce Stands and Trees Following Commercial Thinning." Forests 10, no. 11 (2019): 1024. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/f10111024.

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In this work, we examine the effects of commercial thinning on stand volume and individual stem form in nine naturally regenerated black spruce (Picea mariana (Mill.) B.S.P.) stands. We compared these study sites with controls in the commercial boreal forest of northern Quebec, Canada. At stand level, dendrochronological data provided insight into changes in stand volume ten years after thinning. Analysis of a subsample of six individual trees from each commercially thinned stand and three individual trees from the controls illustrated the role of thinning on stem shape development. Although a

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O'Hara, K. L. "Stand structure and growing space efficiency following thinning in an even-aged Douglas-fir stand." Canadian Journal of Forest Research 18, no. 7 (1988): 859–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/x88-132.

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The growth of individual trees from four thinning treatments in a 64-year-old Douglas-fir (Pseudotsugamenziesii (Mirb.) Franco) stand was analyzed to determine desirable residual stand structures after thinning. Dominant and codominant trees had the highest individual tree stem volume growth rates over the previous 5 years, and accounted for most stand volume growth in thinned and unthinned stands. Two measures of growing space, crown projection area and sapwood basal area (a surrogate for leaf area), were used to measure how efficiently individual trees used their growing space. Crown classes

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Lejeune, P. "Développement d'un modèle de type arbre appliqué à la croissance des peuplements feuillus irréguliers du sud de la Belgique." Canadian Journal of Forest Research 26, no. 10 (1996): 1838–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/x26-209.

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A model predicting circumference growth of individual trees has been developed for mixed irregular stands dominated by Fagussilvatica L. in southeastern Belgium. This model integrates simultaneously tree, stand, and growing site characteristics without considering distances between individual trees. It has a determination coefficient of 40.1% and a residual standard deviation of 0.45 cm/year. Forest mensuration variables considered in the model are circumference, tree social position represented by the total basal area of trees greater than the subject tree, stand basal area, and some index of

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Vandygriff, J. C., E. M. Hansen, B. J. Bentz, K. K. Allen, G. D. Amman, and L. A. Rasmussen. "Long-term efficacy of diameter-limit cutting to reduce mountain pine beetle-caused tree mortality in a lodgepole pine forest." Forestry Chronicle 91, no. 04 (2015): 444–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.5558/tfc2015-074.

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Mountain pine beetle, Dendroctonus ponderosae Hopkins, is the most significant mortality agent in pine forests of western North America. Silvicultural treatments that reduce the number of susceptible host trees, alter age and size class distributions, and diversify species composition are considered viable, long-term options for reducing stand susceptibility to mountain pine beetle-caused tree mortality. Short-term efficacy of thinning treatments has been evaluated, but long-term efficacy has not. We evaluated mountain pine beetle-caused lodgepole pine mortality in 2008, ∼28 years after diamet

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Mainwaring, Douglas B., Douglas A. Maguire, Alan Kanaskie, and Jeff Brandt. "Growth responses to commercial thinning in Douglas-fir stands with varying severity of Swiss needle cast in Oregon, USA." Canadian Journal of Forest Research 35, no. 10 (2005): 2394–402. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/x05-164.

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Concern has risen about the degree to which Douglas-fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii (Mirb.) Franco) stands with severe infections of Swiss needle cast (SNC) respond to thinning. A retrospective study was established in the fall of 2001 to assess the growth of Douglas-fir stands that were commercially thinned between 4 and 10 years ago. Current SNC infection levels in these stands ranged from severe to very light. Past volume and basal area growth declined with increasing severity of SNC, as measured by current foliage retention and crown length / sapwood ratio. As has been observed in many other st

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Valkonen, S. "Effect of retained Scots pine trees on regeneration, growth, form, and yield of forest stands." Forest Systems 9 (January 1, 2000): 121–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.5424/680.

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Green tree retention is predominantly motivated by the increasing complexity of objectives in forest management. It is one of the major methods for the creation of structurally complex stands for ecological and amenity benefits. Retention may promote regeneration in terms of regular seed tree, shelterwood, planting, or direct seeding methods. The effect of retaining Scots pine trees to various degrees and in varying stand structures was assessed, with emphasis on regeneration results, development of the juvenile stand, tree quality and economic results were assessed. Group retention seems to b

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Leak, William B. "Thinning Northern Hardwoods in New England by Dominant-Tree Removal—Early Results." Northern Journal of Applied Forestry 24, no. 4 (2007): 312–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/njaf/24.4.312.

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Abstract Commercial thinning is a widely accepted practice in northern hardwood stands of New England. Commercial thinning guidelines for eastern hardwoods generally recommend releasing selected crop trees or the removal of trees in less-than-dominant crown classes unless they are of poor health or quality. However, many northern hardwood stands in New England have a dominant crown class with a high proportion of paper birch and aspen. These species mature at an early age (50–70 years) and usually are marketable in stands of that age. In this study, most of the paper birch and aspen (the large

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Ward, Jeffrey S., and Jessica Wikle. "Increased Individual Tree Growth Maintains Stand Volume Growth after B-Level Thinning and Crop-Tree Management in Mature Oak Stands." Forest Science 65, no. 6 (2019): 784–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/forsci/fxz042.

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AbstractSix study areas were established in 80–125-year-old upland oak stands on average sites to compare stand and individual tree growth response following two active treatments (B-level thinning, crop tree) with an unmanaged control. Initial stocking of 104 percent was reduced to 62 percent and 60 percent on the B-level and crop-tree-management plots, respectively. Approximately 7,200 board feet per acre (International ¼) were harvested on the actively managed plots with upland oaks accounting for 81 percent of pre- and 86 percent of residual stand. Eleven-year diameter and volume growth of

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Lamson, Neil I., H. Clay Smith, and Gary W. Miller. "Logging Damage Using an Individual-Tree Selection Practice in Appalachian Hardwood Stands." Northern Journal of Applied Forestry 2, no. 4 (1985): 117–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/njaf/2.4.117.

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Abstract Four West Virginia hardwood stands, managed using individual-tree selection for the past 30 years, were examined after the third and, in one instance, the fourth periodic harvest to determine the severity of logging damage. On existing skid roads, trees were removed with a rubber-tired skidder or a crawler tractor with a rubber-tired arch. Logging damage reduced residual stand basal area by 6%, a total of 6.1 ft² per acre. Damage was concentrated in the saplings—85% of the stems lost to logging damage were less than 5.0 in dbh. An adequate number of undamaged stems in all diameter cla

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Johnson, James E., Gary W. Miller, John E. Baumgras, and Cynthia D. West. "Assessment of Residual Stand Quality and Regeneration Following Shelterwood Cutting in Central Appalachian Hardwoods." Northern Journal of Applied Forestry 15, no. 4 (1998): 203–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/njaf/15.4.203.

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Abstract Partial cutting to develop two-age stands is a relatively new practice in the central Appalachian region, and forest managers need quantitative information in order to evaluate how well it meets management objectives. Typically, this practice leaves a residual overstory of 10 to 40 ft² per ac of basal area and leads to regeneration of desirable shade-intolerant species which comprise the second age class. In this study we evaluated residual tree quality and regeneration 2 to 5 yr after cutting in 20 stands on the Monongahela National Forest in West Virginia. Tree grades were not signi

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Power, Hugues, Patricia Raymond, Marcel Prévost, Vincent Roy, and Frank Berninger. "Basal area and diameter growth in high-graded eastern temperate mixedwood forests: the influence of acceptable growing stock, species, competition and climate." Forestry: An International Journal of Forest Research 92, no. 5 (2019): 659–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/forestry/cpz029.

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AbstractHarvesting practices in temperate mixedwoods of eastern North America have a history of diameter-limit cuts, which have often resulted in degraded residual stands. In this study, we examined the factors influencing stand basal area (BA) and tree diameter growth in previously high-graded mixedwood forests, to understand which stands are more likely to recover from high-grading. Over 15 years, we monitored tree growth, recruitment and stem quality of 532 sample plots that were located in high-graded stands of Quebec’s mixedwood forest. We found that diameter growth rates were positively

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Brandeis, Thomas J., and Consuelo Brandeis. "Assessing Tree Mortality Probability in Harvested Hardwood Stands Using Long-Term Forest Inventory Data." Forest Science 67, no. 2 (2021): 231–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/forsci/fxaa053.

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Abstract Partial harvesting (here defined as removal of ≤50% of preharvest volume) is the predominant silvicultural scheme applied to hardwood forest types in the eastern United States. Future stand conditions are largely reliant on trees retained after harvest, so their mortality because of harvesting activity damage should be minimized or taken into account when planning. We quantify partially harvested stand characteristics and postharvest mortality using data from 32,057 forested conditions, 366,953 trees with a diameter at breast height (dbh) ≥ 2.5 cm, of which 4,469 trees were cut and us

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Lazaruk, Lance W., Gavin Kernaghan, S. Ellen Macdonald, and Damase Khasa. "Effects of partial cutting on the ectomycorrhizae of Picea glauca forests in northwestern Alberta." Canadian Journal of Forest Research 35, no. 6 (2005): 1442–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/x05-062.

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This study assessed the impact of various harvesting practices (including those designed to emulate natural disturbances) on ectomycorrhizae (ECM) associated with white spruce (Picea glauca (Moench) Voss) in northwestern Alberta, Canada. Treatments included clearcuts, partial cuts (dispersed green-tree retention with 20%, 50%, and 75% residual live trees, and aggregated green-tree retention), unharvested control sites, and a burned stand. The percentage of active white spruce root tips and ECM richness and diversity, as observed in soil cores collected throughout the study site, all decreased

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Greene, D. F., and E. A. Johnson. "Tree recruitment from burn edges." Canadian Journal of Forest Research 30, no. 8 (2000): 1264–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/x00-040.

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We developed and tested a wind-dispersal model of tree recruitment into burns from living sources at the fire edge or from small unburned residual stands. The model was also tested on recruitment of serotinous Pinus banksiana Lamb. within a burn. The model assumed that source strength is proportional to basal area density and that an individual (point source) recruitment curve can be expressed as a lognormal distribution. The model made significant predictions of the recruitment curves of Engelmann spruce (Picea engelmannii Parry ex Engelm.), white spruce (Picea glauca (Moench) Voss), and bals

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Hansen, E. Matthew, José F. Negron, A. Steven Munson, and John A. Anhold. "A Retrospective Assessment of Partial Cutting to Reduce Spruce Beetle-Caused Mortality in the Southern Rocky Mountains." Western Journal of Applied Forestry 25, no. 2 (2010): 81–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/wjaf/25.2.81.

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Abstract Tree susceptibility to bark beetle-caused mortality has been linked to stand characteristics such as basal area (BA) and average tree size, factors that can be manipulated through partial cutting. There is no experimental evidence, however, demonstrating the efficacy of partial cutting in spruce type. Such experiments are very difficult to complete because of the inability to manipulate bark beetle populations needed to challenge treated stands. To circumvent this difficulty, we identified spruce stands that were partially cut (for nonexperimental reasons) in advance ofbeetle activity

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Piri, Tuula, and Kari Korhonen. "The effect of winter thinning on the spread of Heterobasidion parviporum in Norway spruce stands." Canadian Journal of Forest Research 38, no. 10 (2008): 2589–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/x08-103.

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Genets of Heterobasidion were identified in eight 43- to 56-year-old Norway spruce ( Picea abies (L.) Karst.) stands in southern Finland. Four of the stands had been thinned in winter ca. 10 years prior to the study, and four had been left unthinned. It was hypothesized that the felling of decayed trees promotes the vegetative spread of the fungus from thinning stumps into the adjacent trees, and hence the Heterobasidion genets should be larger in thinned stands. Although the number of infected stumps per areal unit was lower and the genets were slightly smaller in the previous tree generation

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Emmingham, Wm, Rick Fletcher, Stephen Fitzgerald, and Max Bennett. "Comparing Tree and Stand Volume Growth Response to Low and Crown Thinning in Young Natural Douglas-fir Stands." Western Journal of Applied Forestry 22, no. 2 (2007): 124–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/wjaf/22.2.124.

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Abstract We consider tree and stand response to low, crown, and no thinningof well-differentiated, naturally regenerated even-aged Douglas-firstands over 15 years on a moderately productive Cascade Mountains siteand over 10 years on a highly productive Oregon Coast Range site.Regardless of treatment, trees in dominant and codominant crown classescontinued growing at preinitiation rates and contributed 92–100% ofstand growth 5–15 years later. Most leave trees in suppressed crownclasses died during the first 10 years and suppressed and intermediatecrown classes contributed little to stand growth

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Baker, James B., and Michael G. Shelton. "Rehabilitation of Understocked Loblolly-Shortleaf Pine Stands—I. Recently Cutover Natural Stands." Southern Journal of Applied Forestry 22, no. 1 (1998): 35–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/sjaf/22.1.35.

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Abstract Two loblolly-shortleaf pine (Pinus taeda L.-P. echinata Mill.) stands were cut to stocking levels of 10, 20, 30, 40, and 50% to simulate recently cutover, understocked, uneven-aged stands. Number of trees ranged from 38 per acre for 10% stocking to 213 per acre for 50% stocking; comparable total basal areas were 4 and 16 ft²/ac, respectively. One stand was on a good site (site index = 90 ft at age 50), the other on a medium site (site index = 75 ft at age 50). As a rehabilitation treatment, all hardwoods 1 in. groundline diameter and larger were injected with a herbicide. At 2, 5, 10,

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McGee, Gregory G., and Robin W. Kimmerer. "Forest age and management effects on epiphytic bryophyte communities in Adirondack northern hardwood forests, New York, U.S.A." Canadian Journal of Forest Research 32, no. 9 (2002): 1562–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/x02-083.

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The objective of this study was to assess the influence of substrate heterogeneity on epiphytic bryophyte communities in northern hardwood forests of varying disturbance histories. Specifically, we compared bryophyte abundance (m2·ha1) and community composition among partially cut; maturing, 90- to 100-year-old, even-aged; and old-growth northern hardwood stands in Adirondack Park, New York, U.S.A. Total bryophyte cover from 0 to 1.5 m above ground level on trees [Formula: see text]10 cm diameter at breast height (DBH) did not differ among the three stand types. However, bryophyte community c

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Yuniawati, Yuniawati, S. Andini, and M. H. Ningrum. "Application of Conventional and Improved Techniques in Felling and Skidding to Residual Stand Damages." Jurnal Manajemen Hutan Tropika (Journal of Tropical Forest Management) 29, no. 3 (2023): 234–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.7226/jtfm.29.3.234.

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Felling and skidding are essential in the timber extraction process. But on the other hand, residual stand damage can’t be avoided. This study aimed to analyze the impact of conventional and improved felling and skidding techniques on residual stands in natural forests. Three observation plots were developed to identify the types, numbers, and criteria of residual stand damage due to both techniques. The criteria were categorized as a) minor damage (<25%), b) moderate damage (25–50%), and c) major damage (>50%). It showed that the conventional felling and skidding technique caused damage

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Fowler, Gary W. "Individual Tree Volume Equations for Red Pine in Michigan." Northern Journal of Applied Forestry 14, no. 2 (1997): 53–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/njaf/14.2.53.

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Abstract New total, pulpwood, sawtimber, and residual pulpwood cubic foot individual tree volume equations were developed for red pine in Michigan using nonlinear and multiple linear regression. Equations were also developed for Doyle, International 1/4 in., and Scribner bd ft volume, and a procedure for estimating pulpwood and residual pulpwood rough cord volumes from the appropriate cubic foot equations was described. Average ratios of residual pulpwood (i.e., topwood, cubic foot or cords) to mbf were developed for 7.6 and 9.6 in. sawtimber. Data used to develop these equations were collecte

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Behjou, Farshad Keivan, and Alireza Ghomi Motazeh. "Residual Trees Response to Selective Cutting Operations in Caspian Forests." Nova mehanizacija šumarstva 41 (December 10, 2020): 29–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.5552/nms.2020.4.

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Damages to residual trees caused by felling operation were assessed in the stands of a Caspian hardwood forest. Following the felling operation, a field survey was done to collect data of all residual trees (species, DBH, height) and of tree wounds (size class, location, intensity of damage). Different harvesting intensities were studied, and treatments were replicated three times. The results showed that the treatment with the medium and high harvest intensity was found to cause the highest percentage of damage and the largest stem wounds. It is concluded that harvesting intensity should be l

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Cimon-Morin, Jérôme, Jean-Claude Ruel, Marcel Darveau, Jean-Martin Lussier, Philippe Meek, and Vincent Roy. "Essais de jardinage sans martelage dans des peuplements irréguliers de sapin baumier et d’épinette noire." Forestry Chronicle 86, no. 4 (2010): 498–510. http://dx.doi.org/10.5558/tfc86498-4.

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It is increasingly accepted that silviculture must now try to maintain complex stands. In this context, selection cutting has been suggested as an option for irregular boreal stands. However, selection cutting in virgin stands could prove difficult to apply at a reasonable cost. In an attempt to reduce harvesting costs, two selection cutting patterns were implemented, avoiding tree marking. The efficacy of this approach was evaluated by comparing the results of plots harvested without tree marking to those with tree marking. To proceed in the absence of tree marking, silvicultural types were d

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Liang, Jingjing, Joseph Buongiorno, and Robert A. Monserud. "Bootstrap Simulation and Response Surface Optimization of Management Regimes for Douglas-Fir/Western Hemlock Stands." Forest Science 52, no. 5 (2006): 579–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/forestscience/52.5.579.

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Abstract A method was proposed to simulate forest stand growth, timber prices, and interest rates by distribution-free bootstrapping, and then optimize management controls for economic and ecological objectives by response surface analysis. The method was applied to Douglas-fir/western hemlock stands to predict the effects on economic and ecological objectives of management alternatives defined by the cutting cycle, C, the residual stand basal area, B, the diameter of the largest tree, D, and the ratio, q, of the number of trees in adjacent diameter classes. The effects were described with res

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Bakys, R., R. Vasaitis, and J. P. Skovsgaard. "Patterns and severity of crown dieback in young even-aged stands of european ash (Fraxinus excelsior L.) in relation to stand density, bud flushing phenotype, and season." Plant Protection Science 49, No. 3 (2013): 120–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/70/2012-pps.

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The extent and temporal pattern of crown damage (attributed to Hymenoscyphus pseudoalbidus) in even-aged stands of Fraxinus excelsior in relation to bud flushing phenotype, stand density, and season was investigated. Data were collected in 2007 in four statistically designed thinning experiments located in 12&ndash;15-years old plantations of ash in Denmark. The study included 21 plots of four contrasting, residual stand densities: (1) 1700&ndash;5500 trees/ha (unthinned control plots), (2)&nbsp;1500 trees/ha, (3) 500 trees/ha, and (4) 100&ndash;150 trees/ha. Assessments includ

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Cline, Michael L., Benjamin F. Hoffman, Michael Cyr, and William Bragg. "Stand Damage Following Whole-Tree Partial Cutting in Northern Forests." Northern Journal of Applied Forestry 8, no. 2 (1991): 72–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/njaf/8.2.72.

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Abstract Eighteen mechanically harvested, partially cut hard- and mixed-wood stands in New England were examined to determine the extent of logging damage. Frequency of crop tree damage averaged 9.6%. Tree injury, both incidence and severity, was not related to location relative to skid trails or landings. Variations in damage level between sites was not explained by numbers of trees per acre, size of trees, or basal area prior to or after harvest, but cover type, rockiness, and season of harvest in combination accounted for a small part of the site-to-site differences. Residual stand damage a

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Cannon, Jeffery B., Wade T. Tinkham, Ryan K. DeAngelis, Edward M. Hill, and Mike A. Battaglia. "Variability in Mixed Conifer Spatial Structure Changes Understory Light Environments." Forests 10, no. 11 (2019): 1015. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/f10111015.

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In fire-adapted conifer forests of the Western U.S., changing land use has led to increased forest densities and fuel conditions partly responsible for increasing the extent of high-severity wildfires in the region. In response, land managers often use mechanical thinning treatments to reduce fuels and increase overstory structural complexity, which can help improve stand resilience and restore complex spatial patterns that once characterized these stands. The outcomes of these treatments can vary greatly, resulting in a large gradient in aggregation of residual overstory trees. However, there

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Kizha, Anil Raj, Evan Nahor, Noah Coogen, Libin T. Louis, and Alex K. George. "Residual Stand Damage under Different Harvesting Methods and Mitigation Strategies." Sustainability 13, no. 14 (2021): 7641. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su13147641.

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A major component of sustainable forest management are the stands left behind after the logging operation. Large mechanized harvesting equipment involved in current forest management can inflict damage on residual trees; and can pose a risk of mortality from diseases, natural calamities, and/or degrade future economic value. The primary objective of this study was to evaluate the residual stand damage under different harvesting methods and silvicultural prescriptions i.e., crop tree release (CTR), diameter limit cut (DLC), and overstory removal (OSR). The second objective was to evaluate the i

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