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Academic literature on the topic 'Résidus – Traitement thermique'
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Résidus – Traitement thermique"
Fofana, Alhassane. "Traitement pyrolitique de résidus en four vibrofluidisé : application à la biomasse et aux boues de station d'épuration." Compiègne, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003COMP1491.
Full textPyrolysis of biomass is a thermal treatment which products generally coke and gases, this process can allow renewable energy plant. The study has been done on a vibrotluidized pyrolyser pilot. The type of transportation corresponds to a piston-like flow with an adjustable uniform temperature between 400 and 10OO°c. The residence time independent of the nature of the solid, does not depend of the solid nature and can vary few seconds at several minutes. The study went on four species (wood, bark, straw and halls of rice) where we determined the yield of carbonization, the characterization of cokes and gases of pyrolysis. A model of pyrolysis in vibrofluidized bed was elaborated in order to simulate the behaviour of the solids in the fumace. This modelling was validated by experimental results carried out on the pilot. The tests of pyrolysis of sludge on an industrial scale with a pilot of larger dimension were also validated
Gasquet, Valentine. "Epuration d’H2S du biogaz à partir de résidus de traitement thermique bruts et formulés : Comparaison des performances et compréhension des mécanismes d’adsorption." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Lyon, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020LYSEI106.
Full textBiogas is a renewable, local, non-intermittent energy which can be used in different ways. Before its valorization, it is necessary to clean this gas, notably to remove hydrogen sulfide (H2S). This component can be removed by adsorption on noble materials such as activated carbon (AC). In order to reduce the waste disposal and participate to circular economy while reducing the cleaning costs, the use of thermal treatment residues (TTR), close to traditional adsorbents, receives more and more attention to remove H2S from biogas. First, an analytical method was developed in order to quantify the amount of sulfur present in different materials with TGA-DSC under air and nitrogen atmosphere. The amount of organic matter in the material and its porosity affect elemental sulfur oxidation when experiments were carried out with air and also its vaporization. Organic matter vulcanization was also observed, leading to the formation of longer and more complex carbon chains. During this thesis, three types of TTR were used for the removal of H2S from a landfill biogas: biomass ash (BA), biochar (BCH) and incinerated sewage sludge (ISS). It was found that two of them are not sufficiently efficient as themselves for H2S removal. Final adsorption capacities of BCH and ISS were quite low and these materials never adsorbed the total amount of H2S entering in the reactor. On the contrary, BA was a good adsorbent with a final adsorption capacity of 175 mgH2S/gDM. The materials characterization let us understand the adsorption mechanisms leading to H2S removal. For all the materials, at the beginning of the experiment, the conditions are favorable to H2S chimisorption into elemental sulfur. However, while BA and ISS have a buffering capacity leading to the basicity of the solid, BCH begin acid. Then, non-selective physisorption takes place with this TRR. ISS adsorption was limited by its too low porosity and BCH by the absence of catalyst minerals and its too low density. Comparison of removal performances of TTR also highlights the influence of humidity on adsorption efficiency for ISS as well as the effect of gas flow on experimental adsorption test. With the adsorption efficiency comparison between the different TTR, it seems interesting to associate materials with different characteristics in order to try to obtain more efficient adsorbents and consequently find a valorization way for all the TTR. Adsorption experiments with a synthetic biogas were first performed in order to assess the potential of various formulations. A strong synergy was observed with the formulation with ISS and 10-30 % of AC. The encouraging results obtained with the synthetic biogas were confirmed with an experiment using a landfill biogas and a larger reactor. ISS itself was indeed a bad adsorbent but the addition of AC provides enough porosity to efficiently adsorb H2S
Baloul, Yasmine. "Contribution à l’étude du traitement de résidus médicamenteux dans les milieux aqueux par plasmas non thermiques. Application au paracétamol et à l’ésoméprazole." Thesis, Orléans, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018ORLE2008/document.
Full textMany drug molecules are not effectively treated by conventional techniques used in wastewater treatment plants and accumulate in natural environments. The objective of this thesis was to develop an advanced oxidation process using a non-thermal plasma generated by electric discharge for the treatment of drug molecules (paracetamol and esomeprazole). The NTP treatments were carried out using two reactors: a multiple needle-to-plate reactor with the plasma in direct contact with the liquid to be treated and a wire-cylinder reactor with the plasma up stream of the liquid to be treated. Conversion rates higher than 80% have been obtained with energy yields, which can reach 8 g/kWh and 39 g/kWh for paracetamol and esomeprazole, respectively. The electrical discharge created between the need leand the liquid has been characterized by optical emission spectroscopy to observe the presence of the oxidative species produced by the plasma and to estimate the temperature of the ionized medium. The species produced in the liquid during the degradation of paracetamol and esomeprazole have been identified by the HRMS technique. The produced species, are mainly carboxylic acids as well as nitrogen products. The identification of production pathways for the formation of the main products has been studied particularly using numerous chemical methods such as HPLC/MS, MS/MS, and different labelling of paracetamol. It has been proven that the main carboxylic acids produced come from the breaking of the aromatic ring. In conclusion, this study allowed us to obtain energy efficiencies of treatment of the two study molecules comparable to those found in literature, and especially to establish a pathways of degradation of paracetamol
Mandiang, Youssouf. "Analyse des évolutions structurales subies par les aciers austénitiques du type Z6CNDT 17-13 (AISI 316 Ti) comportant une addition de phosphore, en fonction de longues durées de maintien à des températures comprises entre 550 et 800⁰C." Paris 11, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988PA112071.
Full textL’influence du phosphore sur les processus de précipitation développés au sein d’aciers inoxydables du type AISI 316 Ti, à la faveur de traitements thermiques effectués à des températures comprises entre 600 et 800°c, a été analysée en mettant en œuvre diverses méthodes d’étude. Nous avons mis en évidence, par diffraction des rayons X à partir des résidus d’extraction électronique, la présence des phases des phases formées et nous avons déterminé, en fonction du temps et de la température de traitement le domaine d’existence de différents types de précipités susceptibles d’apparaître. Ces observations par miscrocopie optique ont révélé que la présence de phosphore en quantité suffisante (1500 ppm) au sein de ce matériau contribuait à favoriser, au cours du revenu, la précipitation intracristalline uniforme et fine de carbures des types M₂ ₃ C ₆ et TIC. De plus, des zones dénudées jouxtant les joints de grains peuvent être mise en évidence. D’autre part, la nature et les sites de germination des précipités formés ont été clairement déterminés par les examens en microscopie électronique en transmission sur lames minces. Nous avons ainsi observé que :-les précipités secondaires de TIC (C. F. C. ) se formaient essentiellement sur les dislocations dans la matrice et autour des précipités primaires de TiN (C. F. C) ; -les carbures du type M₂ ₃ C ₆ (C. F. C. ) se localisent surtout aux joints de grains quand on opère à température relativement faible (=600°C) ; ces précipités se forment aussi bien aux joints qu’à l’intérieur des grains ϒ (C. F. C) lorsque la température de traitement est élevée (650-800°C) ;-la précipitation de la phase ƞ (HC) –type Fe₂Mo et celle des phosphures du type M ₃ C ₆ P (Q. C) se développent dans la matrice austénitique ; -la phase intermétallique x (C. C) se forme le plus souvent aux joints de grains. Par ailleurs, la restauration et la recristallisation de ces alliages initialement à l’état écroui (20%) ont été étudiés par micrographies optique et électronique (MET) tandis que l’influence du phosphore sur la ductilité de ces aciers inoxydables du type 316 Ti a été analysée par microscopie électronique à balayage (MEB) sur éprouvettes préalablement chargées en hydrogène au bain de sels fondus. Les faciès de rupture de ces échantillons observés après traction sont du type intragranulaire ductile
Lici, Vassili. "Prétraitement en milieu aqueux alcalin de résidus d'épuration de fumées d'incinération d'ordures ménagères avant stabilisation. Application à la solidification-stabilisation par liants hydrauliques et à la vitrification." Compiègne, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996COMPD882.
Full textHumbert, Séverine Marie Noe͏̈lle. "Sur la gomme-Labdanum (cistus Ladaniferus L. ) et son traitement thermique." Bordeaux 2, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993BOR2P106.
Full textGilot, Martine. "Traitements thermiques du tryptophane libre ou résiduel : incidences nutritionnelles, recherche du pouvoir mutagène." Montpellier 2, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987MON20205.
Full textAntonetti, Pierre. "Etude physico-chimique de la dégradation thermique des résines échangeuses d'ions d'origine nucléaire : recherche des conditions limitant le transfert de pollution, application aux câbles électriques." Aix-Marseille 1, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999AIX11012.
Full textBai, ShuLin. "Caractérisation mécanique d'un composite unidirectionnel fibres de verre-E/matrice époxyde élaboré sous micro-ondes." Châtenay-Malabry, Ecole centrale de Paris, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993ECAP0317.
Full textFedosse, Zornio Clarice. "Ionic liquids as multifuncional additives for poly(methyl methacrylate)-based materials." Thesis, Lyon, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017LYSEI041/document.
Full textThe large array of cation/anion combinations, and the excellent intrinsic properties of ionic liquids (ILs) open a large range of possibilities in their use as additives to polymer materials. Thus, the main objective of this work is to explore the role of both the cation and anion of a series of ILs on the properties of poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA)-based materials. In a first approach, low amounts of imidazolium and ammonium-based ILs were incorporated as additives to PMMA in the molten state. Morphological and structural characterizations were developed in order to understand the impact of the presence of such ILs on the thermal and mechanical properties of the resulting materials. Then, in the following section, the ability of the same imidazolium and ammonium-based ILs as physical modifiers of silica surface was evaluated. In such an approach, ILs were supposed to act as interfacial agents. Sub-micron and nanosize silica particles were used to prepare PMMA composites. Thus, the extents of each IL improve the interfacial interaction between PMMA and silica particles were discussed. In addition, supercritical carbon dioxide (scCO2) was used as foaming agent to produce foamed PMMA-based composites. In such a case, the combined effect of the presence of ILs and silica particles was analyzed regarding the morphology of the foamed structures. In the last section, scCO2 was used as reaction medium, in an environmental friendly approach, to chemically modify silica nanoparticles using a series of imidazolium IL-functionalized silanes (with different alkyl chain lengths). Thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) was used to highlight the effect of the working pressure and the content of such ILs in the reaction medium. The effect of the alkyl chain length on the grafting density of the resulting nanoparticles was also discussed. Finally, novel PMMA-based nanocomposites were prepared by the incorporation of such grafted nanoparticles. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and small-angle neutron scattering (SANS) analyses were used to evaluate the state of dispersion of the particles into the polymer matrix. Moreover, the thermal, rheological and mechanical properties of the materials were studied