Journal articles on the topic 'Resilience wheel'

Soil researchers are interested in a gaining better understanding of the soil system state by analyzing its properties and their dynamics in time as well as in relation to land use change. Tilled, abandoned, and forest soils were assessed regarding attribute–response relationships for the bulk density (BD), total porosity (TP), volumetric moisture (θv), and penetration resistance (PR) with the use of the interquartile ratio (IRI) integrated into a resilience formula and Shannon entropy indices. The IRI results differentiated soil properties according to agrotechnics (wheel track vs. between wheels) and the state of the system (tilled vs. abandoned vineyard). Entropy (En) indicated a high level of uncertainty for PR. The linear regression applied to the pairs of BD-TP, TP-θv, and PR-θv showed better results for the IRI weight (IRIweight) compared to the entropy weight (Enweight) for the soil between the wheels. The soil of the abandoned vineyard showed a faster tendency toward resilience that was more pronounced in the tilled wheel tracks than in the area between the wheels. The IRI can thus be an alternative to entropy in the evaluation of the response of some soil properties according to their use. When integrated into a resilience formula, the IRI can estimate the dynamics of soil properties for abandoned land compared to reference soil.

Background and aims: Most schools only pay attention to the cultivation of students' bodies, knowledge, and skills, but neglect the development and training of university students' psychological skills. When university students exhibit some psychological problems, often will be given to students' mental health education centers to solve, due to the student's mental health education center teachers and the site being more limited. This study aims to evaluate the impact of outdoor adventure education courses on the psychological resilience of university students. Materials and methods: The researchers used an experience-based learning circle model, incorporating The Resiliency Wheel, Full value contracts, and guidance techniques. Using quantitative studies, interviews, and experimental data, participants were divided into two groups: the experimental group and the control group. The effect of the adventure education course as an 8-week intervention was studied using the psychological resilience Scale. Data were analyzed using a t-test and one-way ANOVA. The experimental group scored higher than the control group in the total scores of psychological resilience and the three components (tenacity, strength, optimism), and these results were statistically significant. Further, the experimental group shows marginal positive changes in the total resilience scale and its three dimensions in terms of effect size. The designed adventure education courses significantly improve the psychological resilience of university students. Results: The results found that the psychological resilience level of university students was significantly improved after the intervention, and the scores in the dimensions of tenacity, strength, and optimism significantly increased after the intervention. through the research of this paper, we can expand the analytical perspective of psychological resilience and provide a new way of thinking for the improvement of the psychological resilience of university students. Conclusion: The content of previous interventions on psychological resilience and the factors affecting psychological resilience, applying the concept of the psychological resilience wheel to this course, And the full value contract, guide technology, and outdoor adventure education courses are fully combined and designed.

In this article, we trace the relationship between the quality of the company’s relational model and its economic resilience. Zade linguistic variables are used to assess the quality of relationships between companies and their stakeholders. The quality of relationships is linked to stakeholder satisfaction based on the principle of minimum quality (the bottleneck). In turn, a linguistic matrix is used to analyze stability based on information on relationship quality. The article demonstrates the technique of evaluating economic resilience based on relationship quality data using a simple example. The complexity of the presented model should be accompanied by an expansion of the range of measures using matrix aggregate calculator (MAC) technology. The relationship model between quality and stability can be loaded into a balanced organization performance system and tracked regularly (e.g., based on management reporting).

Russia's full-scale military invasion of Ukraine led to the occupation of a large part of the territory of Ukraine, active warfare in the East and South parts of Ukraine, activation of military logistics, rapid development of humanitarian logistics. At the same time, non-kinetic warfare, destruction of functional society, attack on the logistics infrastructure and supply chain disruptions are observed. Civil Logistics and Supply Chains acquired the specifics of working in wartime conditions – constant danger, brittle, anxious, nonlinear, incomprehensible. The following two research questions were asked in the paper. First – how was it possible to ensure the functioning of the supply chains, overcoming logistics obstacles. Second – how are the events unfolding and what strategic consequences will the war have for Ukraine's logistics landscape. To answer the first research question, the focus group method was used (the representativeness of which was ensured by top managers of logistics companies). The answer to the second research question was obtained by the method of summarizing and systematizing figures and facts about the events that have a direct impact on the logistics industry of Ukraine, supplemented by the method for graphical visualization of research results – Futures-Wheel. As a result, the highlighted strategies that were used in managing supply chains when facing logistics obstacles caused by war can potentially be useful in other crises. Futures-Wheel presents an overall picture of the impact of war on the logistics landscape of Ukraine as well as a vision of the future

Russia's full-scale military invasion of Ukraine led to the occupation of a large part of the territory of Ukraine, active warfare in the East and South parts of Ukraine, activation of military logistics, rapid development of humanitarian logistics. At the same time, non-kinetic warfare, destruction of functional society, attack on the logistics infrastructure and supply chain disruptions are observed. Civil Logistics and Supply Chains acquired the specifics of working in wartime conditions – constant danger, brittle, anxious, nonlinear, incomprehensible. The following two research questions were asked in the paper. First – how was it possible to ensure the functioning of the supply chains, overcoming logistics obstacles. Second – how are the events unfolding and what strategic consequences will the war have for Ukraine's logistics landscape. To answer the first research question, the focus group method was used (the representativeness of which was ensured by top managers of logistics companies). The answer to the second research question was obtained by the method of summarizing and systematizing figures and facts about the events that have a direct impact on the logistics industry of Ukraine, supplemented by the method for graphical visualization of research results – Futures-Wheel. As a result, the highlighted strategies that were used in managing supply chains when facing logistics obstacles caused by war can potentially be useful in other crises. Futures-Wheel presents an overall picture of the impact of war on the logistics landscape of Ukraine as well as a vision of the future

In order to enable the vehicle to change among the tracks, the stock and switch rails are separated and provided with different rail resilience levels on the baseplate in the railway turnout switch panel. Therefore, there will be vertical relative motion between stock/switch rails under wheel loads, and the relative motion will change the combined profile of stock/switch rails and consequently affect the wheel–rail contact mechanics. A method is developed in this article to investigate the effect of the relative motion of stock/switch rails on the wheel–rail contact mechanics along the railway turnout switch panel. First, the possible rigid wheel–rail contact points, called primary and secondary stock/switch rail contact points, are calculated based on the trace line method; second, the actual contact points are determined by the presented equations; finally, the distribution of wheel–rail contact forces on the stock/switch rails is obtained based on the continuity of interface displacements and forces. A numerical example is presented in order to investigate the effect of the relative motion of stock/switch rails on the wheel–rail contact points, stresses, and forces, and the results are presented and discussed.

Abstract Adolescence is marked by increased vulnerability to mental disorders and maladaptive behaviors, including anorexia nervosa. Food-restriction (FR) stress evokes foraging, which translates to increased wheel running exercise (EX) for caged rodents, a maladaptive behavior, since it does not improve food access and exacerbates weight loss. While almost all adolescent rodents increase EX following FR, some then become resilient by suppressing EX by the second–fourth FR day, which minimizes weight loss. We asked whether GABAergic plasticity in the hippocampus may underlie this gain in resilience. In vitro slice physiology revealed doubling of pyramidal neurons’ GABA response in the dorsal hippocampus of food-restricted animals with wheel access (FR + EX for 4 days), but without increase of mIPSC amplitudes. mIPSC frequency increased by 46%, but electron microscopy revealed no increase in axosomatic GABAergic synapse number onto pyramidal cells and only a modest increase (26%) of GABAergic synapse lengths. These changes suggest increase of vesicular release probability and extrasynaptic GABAA receptors and unsilencing of GABAergic synapses. GABAergic synapse lengths correlated with individual’s suppression of wheel running and weight loss. These analyses indicate that EX can have dual roles—exacerbate weight loss but also promote resilience to some by dampening hippocampal excitability.

Resilience is needed for township teachers to overcome their stressful classroom and school environment. The main objective of this paper is to examine the role of teacher resilience in enabling them to respond positively to challenges they encounter. To address these challenges, the study explored the fostering of resilience in township primary school teachers in the Lejweleputswa District of the Free State Province in South Africa. A qualitative approach was followed as it allowed the researchers to gather the necessary in-depth data based on the opinions, experiences, and beliefs of the participants. The sample of the study consisted of two principals, two heads of department, and thirty-three teachers from two township primary schools. Data were collected through semi-structured interviews and open-ended questionnaires. The study's major findings revealed that the most common challenges adversely affecting teachers’ resilience were a lack of teaching and learning resources, a negative work atmosphere, and overcrowded classes. The study recommends that the fostering of resilience should be brought about by school management teams (SMT) implementing the Resilience Wheel model in support of teachers’ resilience regardless of the challenges they faced.

Wheel-based network resilience passive optical network (PON) based on mode division multiplexing (MDM) can be integrated with optical code division multiple access (OCDMA) schemes efficiently for the fixed and backhaul traffic under normal and break/failure fiber operating conditions. In this work, a bidirectional 10/2.5 Gbit/s hybrid MDM-OCDMA-PON system using multi-weight zero cross-correlation (MWZCC) code is proposed. Donut modes 0 and 1 are incorporated by the MDM technique in the proposed system. The benefit of this work is to offer an inexpensive, high-bandwidth and advanced long-haul network with satisfactory resource utilization ability for fiber links with protection against faults and to improve the reliability along with survivability of the network. The simulation results show the successful realization of the multimode fiber (MMF) link at 1.6 km in the uplink and 1.2 km in the downlink directions under an acceptable bit error rate (BER). The minimum accepted received power of −31 dBm in uplink and −27 dBm in downlink over 1 km link at 10/2.5 Gbit/s rate is obtained. Moreover, the minimum received power of −20 dBm in uplink and −30 dBm downlink is achieved by using MWZCC code compared to other codes handling 58 simultaneous end users. Further, the influence of fiber impairments and connected devices on the proposed approach is numerically evaluated. Moreover, it is shown that the wheel based proposed approach performs well than other topologies for the bidirectional network resilience transmission.

Digital innovation ecosystems are currently experiencing a period of growth and are navigating uncertain environments. Improving resilience is an important prerequisite for ensuring sustainable developments. This study, based on the technology, organization, and environment (TOE) framework, examines the impact of multilevel antecedent conditions on digital innovation ecosystem resilience using data from 31 Chinese provinces. By applying a necessary condition analysis (NCA) and fuzzy-set qualitative comparative analysis (fsQCA), this study reveals complex causal relationships between five antecedents at the “technology–organization–environment” levels and digital innovation ecosystem resilience, along with the improvement paths of digital innovation ecosystem resilience. The results show the following: Firstly, individual antecedent conditions alone do not constitute necessary conditions for high or non-high digital innovation ecosystem resilience. Secondly, there are five configuration paths leading to high digital innovation ecosystem resilience, namely, a digital technology-enabled organization–environment-driven type (H1a), an organization–environment dual-wheel-driven type (H1b), a digital technology-led environment-driven type (H2), a technology–organization–environment trilateral type (H3), and a pressure–organization-driven type (H4). Thirdly, three configuration paths result in non-high digital innovation ecosystem resilience, exhibiting an asymmetric relationship with paths associated with the configuration paths of high digital innovation ecosystem resilience. Finally, potential substitution relationships exist among antecedent conditions at the technological, organizational, and environmental levels.

The dynamic response of railway track with a section of unsupported sleepers is examined experimentally and a mathematical model of such track is presented. The principal function of ballast at frequencies above 100 Hz is to damp vibration of the track while the resilience of the railpad attenuates forces transmitted to the sleeper. In the absence of ballast, concrete sleepers are likely to crack if there are modest wheel or railhead irregularities.

By adopting the chaîne opératoire approach as a dynamic theoretical and methodological framework for studying ancient technologies, this paper investigates the modalities behind the appearance of the potter's wheel in the Aegean during the Early Bronze Age II (c. 2550–2200 bc). Based on the comparative examination of ceramic assemblages from different Aegean sites, an extended technological study has been carried out in order to track the earliest wheel-made pottery and reconstruct the craft behaviours perpetrated by the use of the potter's wheel across the Aegean. The paper presents the results of this multi-site study and aims to (a) trace out the wheel-based technological traditions, (b) explore the contexts of the learning and transmission of the new tool, (c) shed light on the connectivity among Aegean and western Anatolian communities that enabled the transfer of the new craft knowledge, and, finally, (d) bring into view the mechanisms behind its emergence and appropriation. By considering technologies as representing an entire social system of knowing, perceiving and acting on the material world, it will be argued that the spread of the potter's wheel in the Aegean does not reflect a moment of linear diffusion of a technological innovation, adopted thanks to certain techno-functional advantages. Instead, it discloses the resilience of social identities and values embedded through the practical engagement of individuals in the production of their material culture. The potter's wheel, in fact, emerges as a socially and culturally mediated practice, specific to small groups of potters trained within a technological tradition of Anatolian origin, performing their craft in the Aegean socio-cultural milieus. Furthermore, its transfer reveals a multidirectional and dynamic crossing of material cultures that designated a navigable world where traditions, objects and people travelled, mixed and merged in unpredictable ways.

Purpose The purpose of the viewpoint is to examine the various ways in which the pandemic has exposed structural vulnerabilities in global business infrastructures that have long existed and been long ignored. It urges business leaders not to return to a “new normal” but make fundamental changes to ensure that their businesses are truly resilient and can withstand future threats more effectively. Design/methodology/approach The viewpoint looks at the various kinds of vulnerability to which businesses are exposed – such as supply chain, human capital, cyber security and climate change – and proposes ways to ensure that businesses, as well as shareholders and government entities work together to build true resilience. Findings At its core, the viewpoint exposes the various ways in which businesses have turned a blind eye to vulnerabilities that have always lurked just below the surface and suggests. The argument is that to secure the long-term future of our global business system, we can no longer remain oblivious to fundamental weaknesses in our infrastructures. Research limitations/implications The viewpoint looks selectively at the available data and is, therefore, by definition, subjective and non-comprehensive. Practical implications If businesses and shareholders truly take the recommendations of this viewpoint to heart, we can build a more resilient future through long-term investments in risk management infrastructures of all kinds that will secure a more prosperous and stable future. Social implications Developing a more resilient and stable global business infrastructure will help reduce the business volatility deriving from last minute responses to predictable threats. This will, in turn, help provide more stable, fulfilling employment, especially in developing countries that will act as a fly wheel for the secure development of human potential around the world. Originality/value While there has been much speculation of what the “new business normal” will look like once the pandemic has been conquered, this is, the author believes, the first piece to look concretely on how we can not only “build back better” but build back more soundly for the long term.

Based on Finite Element Analysis (FEA) module of Dynaform software, the paper made numerical simulation of a wheel hub’s stamping process in the method of elastic-plastic flow, pointed out the behavior of deformation of stamping process, predicted and prevented stamping defect such as crack in the process, and calculated the degree of resilience. Consequently three forming numerical simulation schemes have been designed respectively, more feasible process parameters has been achieved in comparison with the features of each scheme.

A 28-week supported online intervention for pregnant women, informed by the Behavior Change Wheel Framework, was developed. The intervention included exercises, group sessions and a peer support platform. The aim of this study was to examine the potential effectiveness of the intervention in enhancing resilience and promoting maternal mental health. Using a quasi-experimental design, assessments were conducted at baseline, postintervention and follow-ups at six and 12 months after childbirth. Resilience, resilience attributes, and maternal mental health were measured using standardised scales. The intervention group received the intervention (N = 70), while the control group (N = 32) received care-as-usual. A repeated-measures ANOVA was used to determine within- and between-group changes. Results showed no significant differences between groups regarding resilience and maternal mental health. However, the intervention group demonstrated stable resilience (p = 0.320) compared to a significant decrease in the control group (p = 0.004). Within the intervention group, perceived social support remained stable during the intervention, but decreased significantly at the first follow-up (p = 0.012). All participants faced additional stress from the COVID-19 pandemic alongside the challenges of parenthood. This study contributes to maternal mental health literature with an innovative, supported online intervention. The intervention consists of different deployable components, designed to be offered online, and the current pilot data are promising. Further research is warranted to explore its full potential in clinical practice.

This review paper aims to gather currently available information on the Mars rover Perseverance and Curiosity, and attempt to analyze them in terms of structure and system. The Mars Rover Perseverance and Curiosity are the latest Mars exploration rover from the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA). The Mars rovers have the ability to explore, collect and analyze samples themselves, while being remotely controlled from Earth. Three components of the rover are analyzed, the body, wheel, and arm. The purpose, design principle, structure, mechanics, and thermal analysis of each part is reviewed based on available research. A review and discussion of possible improvements to the rover are also reviewed. From the analysis, the rovers’ body can provide structural support, while providing sufficient thermal requirements for its systems. The rover's wheel is rigid, providing resilience and structural support, while utilizing the Rocker-Bogie mechanism. Lastly, the arm and turret systems have the capability to support its equipment load by utilizing several systems such as the Caging mechanism and flex cable systems, while also accounting for thermal conditions.

Introduction:The Victorian Compendium of Community-Based Resilience Building Case Studies supports place-based disaster risk reduction by promoting strategies to reduce communities’ risk before, during, and after disasters or emergencies and by strengthening community resilience through shared learning. It grew from Community Resilience Forums at Monash University, where community resilience practitioners presented their programs, explained their evolution, how they solved challenges, and shared unforeseen learnings. Forum attendees expressed an urgency for a sharing platform to help build community expertise, save precious community resources, avoid program duplication to prevent communities from reinventing the wheel. These now represent key tenets of the Compendium.Method:International exemplars inform the structure of the Compendium and a thematic analysis identified critical success factors for underpinning disaster risk reduction and resilience strategies.Results:As an Australian first, the Compendium gathered 38 programs between 2012 and 2022, which were addressed before (29), during (7), and after (17) events. Programs addressed all hazards (23), bushfires (11), heat (2), fire safety (1), and house fires (1). Twenty programs used a framework. Thirty received funding, with nine receiving less than $20,000 and five receiving more than $100,000. Twenty-nine addressed a whole-of-community perspective.Critical success factors included: strong governance and Board support; trust, partnerships, commitment, adaptability, stamina, and community leadership; paid facilitator, local government support, external funding; and celebrating often-neglected success.Conclusion:Offering an innovative contribution to resilience practice and research, the Compendium supports and enables locally-led and owned place-based disaster risk reduction efforts. It supports the Sendai Framework and augments principles in the National Framework for Disaster Risk Reduction by connecting people from diverse sectors to deliver distinct, adaptable actions to help reduce communities’ risk before, during, and after disasters or emergencies. The Compendium enables communities to preserve valuable community resources offering opportunities to extend to a national or international Compendium.

This comprehensive review delves into the realm of bipedal wheel-legged robots, focusing on their design, control, and applications in assistive technology and disaster mitigation. Drawing insights from various fields such as robotics, computer science, and biomechanics, it offers a holistic understanding of these robots' stability, adaptability, and efficiency. The analysis encompasses optimization techniques, sensor integration, machine learning, and adaptive control methods, evaluating their impact on robot capabilities. Emphasizing the need for adaptable, terrain-aware control algorithms, the review explores the untapped potential of machine learning and soft robotics in enhancing performance across diverse operational scenarios. It highlights the advantages of hybrid models combining legged and wheeled mobility while stressing the importance of refining control frameworks, trajectory planning, and human-robot interactions. The concept of integrating soft and compliant mechanisms for improved adaptability and resilience is introduced. Identifying gaps in current research, the review suggests future directions for investigation in the fields of robotics and control engineering, addressing the evolution and terrain adaptability of bipedal wheel-legged robots, control, stability, and locomotion, as well as integrated sensory and perception systems, microcontrollers, cutting-edge technology, and future design and control directions.

We examined the explanatory roles of social determinants of health (SDOH) for First Nations people using a four-domain model of health and wellness based on the Medicine Wheel (i.e., physical, mental, emotional, and spiritual health), including colonial-linked stressors (i.e., historical trauma, childhood adversities, racial discrimination) and cultural resilience factors (i.e., cultural strengths, traditional healing practices, social support). Data were collected in partnership with a First Nation in Ontario, Canada in 2013 through a community survey (n = 194). For each outcome (physical, mental, emotional, and spiritual health), a modified Poisson regression model estimated prevalence ratios for the SDOH, adjusting for age, sex, education, and marital status. Negative associations were found for historical trauma with physical, mental, emotional, and spiritual health; for childhood adversities with mental health; and for racial discrimination with physical, mental, and emotional health. Positive associations were found for cultural strengths with physical, mental, and emotional health and for social support with physical, mental, emotional, and spiritual health. We observed negative associations between use of traditional healing practices and mental and emotional health. Our findings suggest that these SDOH may play important roles in relation to wellness through associations with the domains of health modelled by the Medicine Wheel.

Strategically located propulsors are able to create constructive interference on aircraft; increasing lift, lift-drag ratios (L/D), and resilience to boundary layer separation. Computational fluid dynamic (CFD) studies teach toward an optimal configuration with a near-zero upper-surface pitch in front of a trailing section propulsor followed by a trailing taper with 20° to 45° surface pitch from the propulsor to a trailing edge near the bottom of the lifting body (“Lift Span Tech”). Applications benefiting from Lift Span Tech range from box trucks to high-speed intercontinental transit. With initial propulsor power mitigating boundary layer separation, Lift Span Tech provides a high gain:loss, where the gain is in reduced drag and loss is reduced thrust from the propulsor. Performance may be augmented with ground effect further improving L/D efficiency. This study evaluates the sensitivity of performance to different CFD turbulence models and trailing taper pitches. While today’s commercial approaches can reduce truck drag by about 34% with no impact on wheel friction, new Lift Span Tech is able to reduce drag by up to 84% and wheel friction by up to 90%. The technology enables designs to allow direct solar power to fully replace liquid fuels in a wide range of vehicles.

This paper presents a multidisciplinary approach to understand the impacts of temperature increase on the retention of particulate pollutants, such as heavy metals and microplastics, by the road pavement material. A soil with a particle size distribution similar to road dust was selected. A Wheel Tracking device was used to assess the permanent deformation behavior of prismatic specimens and the retention of the dust, at controlled temperatures of 40 °C and 60 °C, likely to occur on pavement in the future. The soil representing road pollutants was placed at the top of the slabs prior to the Wheel Tracking Test (WTT), based on the European Standard EN 12697-22:2020. After the WTT, two common methods were used, in order to evaluate the soil retention (pollution accumulation) on road pavement. The results confirm that the viscoelastic behavior of bituminous mixtures under increased temperatures can contribute to particle retention at the pavement. Future studies are needed to understand the phenomena, the retention characteristics by different bituminous mixtures, and the efficiency of pollutants capture. The work opens the opportunity to develop innovative road pavement bituminous mixtures that can reduce the discharge of road particulate pollutants, and have increased resilience and sustainability in extreme weather conditions.

Marble dust generated during cutting, grinding, carving, and polishing is one of the significant sources of marble production. Due to its high production, it can be used as an alternative material and has been used as a filler replacement to retain outstanding usability. This study aims to assess the effectiveness of marble dust as filler in asphalt concrete. A mixed design was developed for asphalt concrete with marble dust. To assess the impact of various percentages of these industrial waste on the qualities of the asphalt filler matrix by contrasting it with the properties of the mix, including stone dust as filler, various tests like Marshall stability and flow, indirect tensile, wheel tracker and Resilience Modulus (RM) were carried out. The comparison results reveal that modified asphalt concrete has 1.63% more stability than normal concrete. Similarly, the indirect tensile test shows 23% more strength, the wheel tracker test shows low rutting depth for modified HMA and a 44% increase in MR. The bitumen extender marble dust infill reduces the ideal binder by 4.05%. As a result, marble dust can be used as a filler in asphalt concrete up to 4.5% with success, creating a stable, economical, and eco-friendly pavement.

This papers deals with the new design of resilient wheels with high radial elasticity comparing another designs. The aim of this new wheel design is to increase passenger comfort and noise reduction during service of tram cars in cities. Tyre of the wheel is designed also as brake disc. In this paper will be describe also results of laboratory test of the wheel stiffness and comparison with previous wheel generation including other wheel parameters. Because primary role of the wheel is done by rubber segments also its results will be described.

Following the extensive use of resilient wheels on trams, several subways in China have also started to pre-launch testing of resilient wheels, while it remains to be at a beginning stage, the wheel maintenance during its long-term service has become a great concern by subway operators and wheel suppliers. An effort is presented in this paper, trying to provide an invaluable reference. Firstly, a metro vehicle-track dynamic system model fitted with the resilient wheels is built. Then, based on the operation safety index and current wheel re-profiling regulations, the influence of wheel axial and radial stiffness combination on radial deviation maximum of resilient wheel polygonization wear is analyzed. The equivalent stiffnesses of the resilient wheel involve the radial stiffness within 600 kN/mm and the axial stiffness within 100 kN/mm. The amplitude of polygonization below the 10th order on the resilient wheel is within 1 mm. A contour chart is drawn to present how the wheel weight reduction rate varies with wheel polygonization order and amplitude under different combinations of resilient wheel equivalent axial and radial stiffnesses. A series of contours is abstracted to query the amplitude limits of the polygonization of different orders on resilient wheels with different equivalent stiffnesses.

This article describes a flexible track system model (FTSM) that represents the track structure for a typical ballasted track, taking into account the flexibility of the rails, the sleeper mass and the resilience of the pad/fastening elements, as well as the ballast support stiffness condition. The detailed track model is integrated into a commercial railway vehicle dynamics software, thus allowing for any vehicle to be simulated onto the flexible track while at the same time taking into account the detailed calculation of the non-linear wheel—rail contact interaction. As an example, the application of the FTSM to the study of hanging sleepers, with respect to the UK Railway Group Standard limits, is presented. This example shows the impact of forces because of hanging sleepers on the vehicle and on the track, and attempts at quantifying the damage made to the track components for the specific conditions simulated.

This study addresses the imperative for enhancing asphalt mixtures tailored for rural pavements, focusing on optimizing RAP mixtures with styrene–butadiene–styrene (SBS)-modified asphalt binders incorporating petroleum resin and oil. Through systematic investigation, the study examines the impact of varying RAP content (25% and 50%) and two SBS-modified asphalt binder types (Type 1 and Type 2) on mechanical properties and sustainability. Laboratory tests reveal that the mix of 25% RAP + 75% Type 1 exhibits exceptional flexibility, evidenced by a high ductility value of 880 mm at 25 °C, enhancing pavement resilience. Conversely, the 50% RAP + 50% Type 2 mixture displays vulnerability to fatigue cracking, while 25% RAP + 75% Type 1 demonstrates superior resistance, with a fatigue vulnerability value of 1524 kPa. The Hamburg Wheel Tracking test highlights the influence of RAP content on rut depth, with the mix of 50% RAP + 50% Type 1 achieving the lowest rutting at 3.9 mm. Overlay test results show the mix of 25% RAP + 75% Type 2’s resilience, with the lowest load reduction at 64.5%, while the mix of 50% RAP + 50% Type 1 exhibits substantial load reduction at 82.1%. Field tests unveil differences in pavement bearing capacities, with the mix of 25% RAP + 75% Type 2 demonstrating a remarkable elastic modulus of 58.5 MPa, indicating heightened bearing capacity. The investigation underscores the significant role of SBS-modified asphalt binders with incorporated petroleum resin and oil in enhancing fatigue resistance for sustainable rural pavements.

Vulnerability to climate change and variability impacts has been identified as a major cog in the wheel of both livelihood and resilience, particularly in vulnerable groups in rural areas. This study aims to assess genders’ vulnerability dimension to climate change and variability in REDD + (Reducing Emission from Deforestation and Forest Degradation+) piloted site/clusters, Cross River State, Nigeria. Data were proportionately collected from selected 200 respondents on gender disaggregated level using questionnaires. The assessment adopted the sustainable livelihood approach (livelihood vulnerability index) and compared the results with the IPCC vulnerability standard of exposure, sensitivity and adaptive capacity weighted mean. The results revealed a significant difference in the vulnerability dimension of both women and men disaggregated levels (LVI: men 0.509, women 0.618). The women category was more vulnerable to six out of seven major components of LVI assessed: (livelihood strategies (0.646), social networks (0.364), water (0.559), health (0.379), food and nutrition (0.507), and natural hazards and climate variability (0.482), while men only vulnerable to socio-demographic major component (0.346). Vulnerability indices also showed women to be more exposed (0.482), and sensitive (0.489) with the least adaptive capacities (0.462) to the climate change and variability impacts. Overall, on the IPCC-LVI index, women are more vulnerable (0.0098) to climate change and variability impacts than men (−0.0093). The study recommends that the women's category resilience and adaptive capacity should be empowered in adaptation projects in climate change such as REDD + (Reducing Emissions from Deforestation and Forest Degradation+) to reduce their vulnerability to impacts of climate change and variability in the context of exposure, sensitivity, and adaptive capacities. This will be instrumental in formulating policies to address the specific needs of gender categories in reducing vulnerability to climate change and variability. This pragmatic approach may be used to monitor gender vulnerability dimension, and livelihood enhancement and evaluate potential climate change adaptation programs. Additionally, the introduction of IPCC-LVI as a baseline instrument will enhance information on gender resilience and adaptive capacity for policy effectiveness in a data-scarce region particularly Africa.

Based on a new type of resilient wheel installed on a subway train, a measurement campaign is devised to evaluate the effectiveness of the resilient wheel in reducing noise. For reference, the same series of tests are carried out on another train of the same type but fitted with conventional wheels. The measurements involve the noise of various parts of the vehicle-track system which are used to investigate the sources of wheel-rail rolling noise, the noise inside the vehicle, and the noise close to the wheels. The series of tests are conducted on the normal-conditioned and corrugated track on which the two sets of trains pass through at difference speeds. It is found that the decrease of interior noise measured on the corrugated track is within the range of 0.2~10.5 dB(A), which is greater than on normal conditioned track after using the resilient wheels. This attributes to the frequency range available for vibration reduction by using the resilient wheel covers the dominant frequency range of the excitation from corrugation.

Soil compaction is a major concern in the context of ensuring sustainable forest and agricultural management practices. Productivity gains during the last decades were also achieved by increasing mechanization. This change was associated with growing machine weights and impacts on trafficked soils. Up to now, knowledge about the resilience of compaction phenomena is still poor. At 11 forest sites on compaction-sensitive silt and loam substrates in the federal state of Baden-Wuerttemberg (Germany), fine root distribution, macroporosity, and apparent gas diffusion coefficients were used to characterize the status of recovery from former soil compaction by machine impact. The time span of recovery at the investigated sites ranged from 6 to 37 years. The investigated soil physical parameters indicate the beginning of soil structure recovery in the wheel tracks, comprising the first 10 cm of soil depth at most sites that were trafficked 10 years or more before the investigation. Synchronously with this restructuring, fine root propagation has started to recover in the topsoils. However, a high persistence of damage was observed below that depth. A synoptic interpretation of the data led to the conclusion that time spans up to almost four decades are not sufficient for the restoration of soil functionality in formerly compacted soils characterized by silt loam texture and low activity of soil biota. In view of the long-lasting persistence of the negative compaction effects, soil protection strategies combined with monitoring of their strict compliance must be implemented into forest practice. In case of an insufficient natural recovery potential, active measures to accelerate the regaining of soil functionality in compacted soils at irregular wheel tracks should be considered in order to shorten the time spans of disturbed soil conditions.

This study focuses on the effectiveness of resilient wheels in reducing railway noise and vibrations, and compares the effectiveness of three types of wheels. The finite element method has been used to characterize the vibratory behaviour of these wheels. The model has been excited with a realistic spectrum of vertical track irregularities, and a spectral analysis has been carried out. Results have been post-processed in order to estimate the sound power emitted. These calculations have been used to assess the effectiveness of the resilient wheel designs in reducing the noise emitted to the environment and in propagating structural vibrations.

The paper analyzes the constructive and usable characteristics of resilient wheels with rubber blocks and rubber "V" ring used on light railway vehicles in urban traffic conditions in order to reduce vibration and noise. These vibrations and noise have an impact on passenger comfort and create serious problems for buildings and residents near city transit lines. The sources of noise generated by train wheels due to their vibrations and possible ways of transmitting noise caused by wheel/rail interaction are stated. The paper examines and analyzes the results of previous research that have give contribution to a better understanding and adoption of the resilient wheel structure and rubber parameters in order to achieve the best noise and vibration reduction effects. Through the paper, it was found that resilient wheels can effectively reduce the rolling noise of wheel on the track by a value of 3[dB] and significantly reduce ground vibrations in a certain frequency range.

Abstract Genetically selecting for improved animal resilience has become of great interest in modern livestock breeding. In this context, piglets experience a transitory allergic response to soybean proteins that has a negative impact on their growth and welfare. The main objective of this study was to determine whether soybean allergy response is a heritable trait, using divergently selected pig lines. The base generation pigs were generated from nine sire lines (primarily Yorkshire and Landrace) and two dam sources (Yorkshire × Chester White F1 and Landrace × Yorkshire F1). Soybean allergic response was measured, following a skin test protocol, on pigs that received a diet containing 28% soybean meal for 21 consecutive days post-weaning. The skin test was performed with an intradermal injection of soybean protein. Wheel and flare scores (ranging from 0 to 3) were assigned approximately 60 minutes post-injection. Based on the skin test total scores (i.e., the sum of the wheal and flair scores, ranging from 0 to 6), animals were selected to create two (a high and a low) soybean protein reacting lines, and bred within lines for nine generations. Phenotypes used in this study were measured on a total of 5,505 animals born from generations one to nine, in both high and low reacting lines. Significant systematic effects (P < 0.05) included in the statistical model were birth year, birth season, sex, and weaning weight (as a covariate). Genetic parameters for the skin test were estimated using a pedigree-based relationship matrix containing 9,201 animals, and a threshold animal mixed model. The genetic variance estimated for soybean allergy was 0.091, indicating that there is genetic variability in this trait. The heritability estimated for soybean allergy response was 0.139, which indicates that food allergy response is a heritable trait and can be improved through selective breeding.

In addressing the imperative need for sustainable and cost-effective solutions in rural pavement development, this study navigates the intricate balance of environmental and financial constraints to ensure the resilience of infrastructure in communities with limited resources. The focal point is the integration of waste plastic aggregate (WPA) into hot mix asphalt, augmented by the inclusion of styrene-butadiene-styrene (SBS) for an elevated level of performance. The findings underscore a gradual decrease in the tensile strength ratio, emphasizing a manageable impact, transitioning from 82.4% in the control to 73.7% at 6% WPA. Noteworthy is the observation of marginal reductions in indirect tensile strength and stiffness, particularly notable at higher WPA levels. Dynamic modulus testing highlights susceptibility to rutting at lower frequencies, while high-frequency results demonstrate stability up to 6% WPA. The Hamburg wheel tracking test signals heightened rutting at 3% and 6% WPA, indicating potential challenges in deformation resistance. Despite a slight dip in strength, the discernible magnitude of this reduction is not substantial. This affirms that the incorporation of WPA achieves a harmonious enhancement of sustainability without compromising critical mechanical properties.

This paper introduces an improved version of the Federated Random High Local Performance (Fed-RHLP) algorithm, specifically aimed at addressing the difficulties posed by Non-IID (Non-Independent and Identically Distributed) data within the context of federated learning. The refined Fed-RHLP algorithm implements a more targeted client selection approach, emphasizing clients based on the size of their datasets, the diversity of labels, and the performance of their local models. It employs a biased roulette wheel mechanism for selecting clients, which improves the aggregation of the global model. This approach ensures that the global model is primarily influenced by high-performing clients while still permitting contributions from those with lower performance during the model training process. Experimental findings indicate that the improved Fed-RHLP algorithm significantly surpasses existing methodologies, including FederatedAveraging (FedAvg), Power of Choice (PoC), and FedChoice, by achieving superior global model accuracy, accelerated convergence rates, and decreased execution times, especially under conditions of high Non-IID data. Furthermore, the improved Fed-RHLP algorithm exhibits resilience even when the number of clients participating in local model updates and aggregation is diminished in each communication round. This characteristic positively influences the conservation of limited communication and computational resources.

Variability in physical resilience to aging prompts a comprehensive examination of underlying mechanisms across organs and individuals. We conducted a detailed exploration of behavioral and physiological differences between male C57BL/6J and male CB6F1J mice across various age groups (4, 12, 20, 24 months). In behavioral assays, C57BL/6J mice displayed superior performance in rotarod tasks but higher anxiety while CB6F1J mice exhibited a decline in short-term memory with age. Grip strength, long-term memory, and voluntary wheel running declined similarly with age in both strains. Examining physiological phenotypes, C57BL/6J mice exhibited lower body fat percentages across ages compared to CB6F1J mice, though cataract severity worsened with age in both strains. Analysis of cardiac functions revealed differences between strains, with worsening left ventricular hypertrophy and structural heart abnormalities with age in CB6F1J mice along with higher blood pressure than C57BL/6J. Lesion scores showed an age-related increase in heart, kidney, and liver lesions in both strains, while lung lesions worsened with age only in CB6F1J mice. This study underscores the validity of behavioral assays and geropathology assessment in reflecting age-related decline and emphasizes the importance of considering strain specificity when using mouse models to study human aging.

This study investigates rolling noise emissions using an analytical model of the Seattle Sound Transit Light Rail system developed using Train Noise Expert (TNE) software. Measurements of track frequency response, decay rate, rail and wheel roughness were used to determine model input parameters. Wheel modal test results were used to characterize the wheels. Wayside noise and track vibration measurements during revenue service train passbys were used to experimentally validate the model. The average difference between measured and predicted overall passby LAeq noise at a position immediately adjacent to the track was 0.1 dBA (average from four scenarios, i.e. two surface track sites with two train types). Inspection of the predicted versus measured noise spectra indicates the model does not exactly match the measured spectrum in every frequency band, however the correlation with overall spectrum shape is good in the frequency bands that contribute most to the overall A-weighted level. It is concluded that the model provides an accurate representation of the most relevant physical rolling noise factors and is reliable with resilient wheels and light rail vehicles on ballast and slab track.

Lean cemented sand and gravel (LCSG) materials are subjected to unloading-loading when an LCSG dam is opened for water drainage and then refilled or a roadbed base is subjected to repeated wheel loads. To investigate the behavior of the LCSG materials under loading-unloading, previous studies utilized the complete loading triaxial test. In contrast, in this study, the consolidated drained triaxial tests in the unloading and reloading paths for materials with cementing agent contents of 60 and 100 kg/m3 under different confining pressures, for which each curve generates three loading-unloading cycles, were applied to investigate the unloading and reloading mechanical behavior. Experimental results indicated that the unloading and reloading behavior of the LCSG materials produced stress-strain curves exhibiting a crescent-shaped hysteresis loop, which differs from that exhibited by coarse-grained soil. Although the shape of the crescent-like hysteresis loop was preserved as stress levels increasing, it gradually expanded. Compared with that of the typical triaxial test, the cohesive force and the increasing internal friction angle increased. Further, as the confining pressure increased, the crescent-like hysteresis loops tapered, shear strength increased linearly, and the modulus of resilience increased nonlinearly; the latter’s rate of change, however, decreased. The change in volumetric strain was small during unloading as the stress level changed.

The steels from which the components of mining machinery are constructed must be based primarily on knowledge of their behaviour under environmental conditions and of the excavation technology. Secondly, the structural changes undergone by the materials due to mechanical and thermal processing and the stresses generated by the action of excavation forces that can induce internal stresses at a level that is difficult to determine must be taken into account. Determining the level of structural and mechanical degradation involves sampling the load-bearing structure elements of the excavation and storage machinery for analysis of the mechanical and chemical properties of the component materials. The paper focuses on issues related to the structural and mechanical degradation of steel as a material for parts of mining machinery. In this paper, a methodology for evaluating the degree of structural degradation of three types of bucket wheel excavators with different operating hours (ERc 1400-30/7-07 with 50,400 h, ERc 1400-30/7-08 with 69,264 h, and SRs 1300-26/3.5 with 112,000 h) is proposed. The methodology aims to provide a quantitative assessment of the structural degradation by considering the specific elastic limit of the material used in the machines and the number of hours of operation. This method uses a minimum set of destructive mechanical tests, such as tensile, resilience for three working temperatures, chemical analysis, and durometry on resistance elements taken from the machine, as well as the use of Weibull analysis. By combining this information with the number of hours of operation, a comprehensive evaluation can be made to determine the extent of degradation and potential maintenance requirements. The use of a minimum set of mechanical tests ensures an efficient and cost-effective approach to assessing the structural integrity of these machines. The metallographic analysis highlighted a predominant and defined form of grain rearrangement in the E14-07 machine after only 50,400 h. The constituents identified in the samples taken from the three machines are ferrite and pearlite. The highest hardness of the samples was recorded for the E14-08 machine, with values between 162–165 HV10. For bucket wheel excavators E14-07 and E14-08, the material structure showed elongated grains in the direction of deformation, compared to the material structure of E13-04, which has finely equiaxed grains. As a result of the research, final conclusions were formulated.

Recently completed research on seismic local buckling limits for steel hollow structural section (HSS) and built-up box columns is featured. These National Center for Research on Earthquake Engineering (NCREE) studies are led by Dr. Chung-Che Chou and Dr. Tung-Yu Wu in the Department of Civil Engineering at National Taiwan University (NTU). Dr. Chou also serves as the NCREE Director. Dr. Chou’s research has focused on seismic testing, analysis, and design for steel and post-tensioned self-centering structures. Some recent work includes studies on hybrid simulation of a full-scale steel moment frame, a post-tensioned self-centering brace, novel prediction models for early earthquake warnings, and earthquake reconnaissance work in eastern Taiwan. Dr. Chou’s numerous accolades include the Awards for Excellent Research and Technology Transfers for his leadership on a research team developing a sandwiched buckling-restrained brace and a self-centering brace. Dr. Wu’s research interests include collapse behavior of cold-formed HSS columns under seismic loading, subwavelength seismic metamaterial structures, crack growth in railway crossings under high wheel-rail impacts, and seismic resilience of steel buildings. In addition to multiple scholarships and fellowships, Dr. Wu’s honors include the Raymond C. Reese Research Prize, awarded by the American Society of Civil Engineers (ASCE) for papers representing notable achievements in research with impact on design. The National Science and Technology Council is supporting this research on seismic local buckling limits for HSS and built-up box columns. Selected highlights from both projects are presented, along with a preview of future research tasks.

Metaphor is a part of human cognition that plays an important role in human knowledge and experience. This study aims at examining novel metaphors based on the metaphorical language used by Indonesia’s state leader, President Joko Widodo, in his speeches on COVID-19 and their functions for pandemic handling and post-pandemic preparednessin Indonesia. Data were speeches produced during the first and second waves of the pandemic and taken from official website of Cabinet Secretariat of the Republic of Indonesia. The metaphors identified in the speeches were analysed using Critical Metaphor Analysis proposed by Charteris-Black (2004, 2011, 2021). The identified novel metaphors were categorized under the following seven source domains: breakfast, computer, crater, test, teacher, momentum, wheel, and fire. The identified metaphors could be classified into three types of novel metaphor: linguistic structural metaphors, metaphors with new target domains, and new mapping metaphors. Results of analysis revealed that the metaphors of examination/test, teacher, and fire were high in frequency. As for the function, those novel metaphors could be interpreted as Jokowi's way to reflect changing realities and motivate actions. Overall, the use of metaphors implied Jokowi's priority responses toward pandemic, i.e. to persuade the importance of solidarity and collectivity, strong sense of perseverance and resilience, as well as mutual cooperation. This study is expected to give insight that government leadersemploy metaphors as appropriate to situational context as the metaphors they can be effective in shaping public opinion and winning public support for health measures and policymaking in time of crises.

Amid the growing demand for sustainable pavement solutions and the need to incorporate recycled materials into construction practices, this study explored the viability of using crushed thermal power plant bottom ash as a filler in polymer-modified asphalt concrete mixtures. Conventional lime filler was replaced with bottom ash at varying levels (0%, 25%, 50%, and 75%), and the resulting mixtures were evaluated using several performance tests. The optimal replacement level was determined to be 25%, based on the results of the indirect tensile strength (ITS) test. Comparisons between the control mixture and the 25% bottom ash-modified mixture were conducted using the dynamic modulus test, Cantabro test, Hamburg wheel tracking (HWT) test, and tensile strength ratio (TSR) test. The findings indicate that the 25% bottom ash-modified mixture demonstrated improved performance across multiple parameters. The HWT test showed enhanced rut durability, with a recorded depth of 7.56 mm compared to 8.9 mm for the control mixture. The Cantabro test results revealed lower weight loss percentages for the modified mixture, indicating better abrasion resistance. The dynamic modulus test indicated higher resilience and stiffness in both high- and low-frequency stages. The TSR test highlighted improved moisture resistance, with higher TSR values after 10 wet-drying cycles. These improvements are attributed to the fine particle size and beneficial chemical composition of bottom ash, which enhance the asphalt mixture’s density, binder-aggregate adhesion, and overall durability. The results suggest that incorporating 25% crushed bottom ash as a filler in polymer-modified asphalt concrete mixtures is a viable and sustainable approach to improving pavement performance and longevity.

Severe rail corrugation occurs at both the curved and tangent tracks of the metro in Shanghai, where resilient rail fasteners are used to reduce ground-borne vibration by isolating the transmission of track vibration to the infrastructure. The wavelength of corrugation is about 25–30 mm. It could be assumed that this short pitch rail corrugation is caused by the pinned–pinned resonance. However, rail fasteners with low stiffness were believed to be able to suppress the pinned–pinned resonance thereby resulting in corrugation. To investigate the formation mechanism of this specific rail corrugation, a multiple wheel–rail interaction model is used to calculate the wheel–rail dynamic forces caused due to the multiple wheel–rail interactions, which are considered to play a major role in the formation of corrugation. Then the influences on wear and corrugation growth are analyzed in terms of both amplitude and phase of the wheel–rail dynamic forces. By combining the properties of multiple wheel–rail interactions with their influences on wear and corrugation, the growth rates of rail corrugation at different wavelengths (frequencies) are studied to obtain the characteristic wavelength (frequency), at which the highest corrugation growth rate appears. The obtained characteristic wavelength is in good agreement with observation in the practice of Shanghai metro. It is found that the wave reflection from the wheels on the rail is responsible for the short pitch rail corrugation in the resilient tracks. Finally, tuned rail dampers are applied in the multiple wheel–rail interaction models to investigate their effects on rail corrugation growth. The simulation results show that use of tuned rail dampers is effective in suppressing the short pitch rail corrugation occurring at resilient tracks.

This study aimed to analyze the correlation between Human Capital Sustainability Leadership style and manager resilience through a pragmatic worldview. Using explanatory sequential mixed methods research design (QUAN→qual), respondents covered were managers from the Airline Operations Group of an AIRLINE Company with at least one year of managerial experience within the organization. In the quantitative phase, Human Capital Sustainability Leadership Scale by Di Fabio and Peiro (2018) and Domain-Specific Resilient Systems Scales (DRSSWork) by Maltby, Day, Hall, and Chivers (2019) were used for the online survey. Forty-five (45) eligible respondents have participated. Mean, standard deviation, and Spearman rank correlation coefficient were employed. To further explain the quantitative results, one-on-one qualitative interviews were done with eight (8) key informants, face-toface and online. Themes were identified. 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In order to study the longitudinal vibration law of a resilient wheel under the adhesion limit of different working conditions, two longitudinal vibration models of the resilient wheel of a motor vehicle are established, and the vibration laws and influencing factors of the resilient wheel under different operating conditions are studied by simulation. The model of the resilient wheel under low-speed driving and low adhesive operating conditions is established based on the Fastsim wheel/rail contact theory, and the other high-speed model of the resilient wheel is established by considering adhesion curve negative slope characteristics based on the Polach wheel/rail contact theory. The results show that at low-speed driving conditions, the longitudinal vibration of the resilient wheel is more violent than that of the solid wheel, and the sliding vibration of the resilient wheel at the adhesion limit is far greater than the nonadhesion limit at low-speed driving conditions. When the rail surface is polluted and the adhesion coefficient is low, with the speed increasing to 80 km/h, stick-slip vibration occurs on the resilient wheel due to the increased vibration between the wheel rim and the wheel hub. Under high-speed conditions, owing to the negative slope characteristic of the adhesion curve, the wheel adhesion recovery time decreases with the reduction of driving torque. The amplitude of vibration for the above two conditions increases with the increase in the stiffness of the motor boom and the longitudinal stiffness of the primary suspension. With the increase in the value of the radial stiffness and torsional stiffness of the resilient wheel, the vibration amplitude of the resilient wheel becomes smaller or suppressed. The vibration of the resilient wheel is transmitted to the frame through the primary suspension, which has little effect on the vibration of the vehicle body.