Journal articles: 'Resin capsule'

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Hu, Bin. "Application and Development of Resin Capsules in Chinese Coal Mines." Advanced Materials Research 933 (May 2014): 55–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.933.55.

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Development and application of resin capsules in Chinese coal mines were introduced in this paper, including the category, feature, applicability and basic parameters. The paper pointed out that unsaturated polyester resin capsules were the most widely used in Chinese coal mines. A kind of newly-developed low-viscosity resin capsule was applied to industrial test in Fengshuigou Colliery, and the results showed that the high pre-stress and intensive bolting system could effectively control the violent displacements of the surrounding rock, and it provided an effective approach for the support of soft rock roadway. Finally the future developments of resin capsules were prospected.

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Takei, Takayuki, Kiyotaka Araki, Keita Terazono, Yoshihiro Ozuno, Gen Hayase, Kazuyoshi Kanamori, Kazuki Nakanishi, and Masahiro Yoshida. "Highly Efficient Encapsulation of Ingredients in Poly(methyl methacrylate) Capsules Using a Superoleophobic Material." Polymers and Polymer Composites 25, no. 2 (February 2017): 129–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/096739111702500202.

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Increasing the efficiency of encapsulation of ingredients into spherical capsules can decrease the manufacturing costs of the capsules. Ingredients can be encapsulated with high efficiency (>99%) into nondegradable hard resin capsules prepared by polymerization of spherical droplets of trimethylolpropane trimethacrylate (TRIM) monomer placed on a superoleophobic material. Poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) resin is a more versatile capsule material than poly-TRIM resin. In this study, the efficiency of encapsulation in PMMA resin capsules prepared from methyl methacrylate (MMA) monomer was investigated. To reduce the volatility of the MMA monomer, pre-polymerized MMA was used for capsule preparation. Although non-volatile α-tocopherol and doxorubicin could be encapsulated in the capsules with high efficiency by heat polymerization at 60°C for 3 h, the efficiency for volatile tetradecane was much lower (approximately 60%) because it evaporated. Furthermore, even when using pre-polymerized MMA, more than 70% of the prepolymer evaporated during polymerization. To prevent the evaporation of tetradecane and the prepolymer, ultraviolet photopolymerization was adopted because it was faster and could be conducted at a lower temperature. The photopolymerization prevented the evaporation of the prepolymer and increased the efficiency of encapsulation of tetradecane (approximately 90% efficiency). This polymerization system is effective for encapsulation of ingredients in PMMA capsules with high efficiency.

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Plowman, Barbara. "Getting Suspended Cells or Particles Embedded in the Tip of BEEM Capsules." Microscopy Today 8, no. 5 (June 2000): 27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1551929500065214.

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It can be a problem to get suspended (or plated) cells or particles to settle into the apex of a BEEM capsule for embedding, particularly if the cei is/particles can not be embedding in agar or gelatin for some reason. The following simple procedure solves this problem.Process the suspensions in polypropylene test tubes or microcentrifugation tubes. These can be spun down after each transfer for 5 minutes at 3000 rpm. Once the cells/particles are fixed, en bloc stained, and infiltrated with either Spurr's or LR White resin, I transfer them to BEEM capsules. I do not add additional resin yet. These are placed piggyback in microcentrifuge tubes that have been slit with wire cutters to make them large enough for the BEEM capsules to fit (see following illustration).Processing cell suspensions or plated cells can be done in polypropylene test tubes or microcentrifuge tubes. These can be spun down after each transfer for 5 minutes at 3000 rpm. Once the cells are fixed, enbloc stained, and infiltrated with either Spurr or LRWhite resin, I transfer them to BEEM capsules. I do not add additional resin yet.

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Ebadian, Behnaz, Mohammad Razavi, Solmaz Soleimanpour, and Ramin Mosharraf. "Evaluation of Tissue Reaction to Some Denture-base Materials: An Animal Study." Journal of Contemporary Dental Practice 9, no. 4 (2008): 67–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.5005/jcdp-9-4-67.

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Abstract Aim Controversy continues regarding the biocompatibility of denture base materials. One method to evaluate the biocompatibility of materials is in an animal study. Using dogs as subjects, the purpose of this study was to evaluate the vestibular tissue reaction to cobalt chromium (Co-Cr), heat cure acrylic resin, and acrylic resin mixed with aluminum oxide (Al2O3) compared with a control group using the histopathologic method. Methods and Materials Twelve disk shape samples (2 mm × 8 mm) in four groups of Co-Cr, acrylic resin, acrylic resin mixed with a 20% weight ratio of Al2O3, and a control group (Teflon) were fabricated. In one stage surgery two samples of each material (8 samples) was implanted in the buccal vestibule of each dog (n=6), subcutaneously. At 45 and 90-day intervals, half of the samples were excised along with peripheral tissue to assess the presence of inflammation by grading on a scale from 0 to 3 and the presence of a fibrotic capsule using histological observations. Data were analyzed using the Kruskal-Wallis, Mann-Whitney, and Tau b Kendal tests. Results Tissue reaction between Co-Cr and the control group was significant (P=0.02), but it was not significant between other groups. There was no significant difference between the 45 and 90-day postinsertion samples. The formation of fibrotic capsule groups was significant (P=0.01). It was significant between the Co-Cr and acrylic resin groups (P=0.01) and the acrylic resin and control groups (P=0.01). Conclusion The Co-Cr group was more toxic than the other groups. The inflammation increased during time. The inflammation in two acrylic groups was greater than the control and less than the Co-Cr group. The formation of fibrotic capsule, except in the acrylic resin with Al2O3 group, increased over time. Clinical Significance Co-Cr alloys are toxic and can produce damage to living tissue. Heat cure acrylic resin materials have less toxicity, and their use is safer than Co-Cr alloys. Citation Ebadian B, Razavi M, Soleimanpour S, Mosharraf R. Evaluation of Tissue Reaction to Some Denture-base Materials: An Animal Study. J Contemp Dent Pract 2008 May; (9)4:067-074.

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Shokoohi, Reyhaneh, Saeed Kianbakht, Mohammad Faramarzi, Masoud Rahmanian, Farzaneh Nabati, Saeed Mehrzadi, and Hasan Fallah Huseini. "Effects of an Herbal Combination on Glycemic Control and Lipid Profile in Diabetic Women: A Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Clinical Trial." Journal of Evidence-Based Complementary & Alternative Medicine 22, no. 4 (October 2017): 798–804. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2156587217737683.

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The present study was conducted to explore the efficacy and safety of a herbal combination in the treatment of women with hyperlipidemic type 2 diabetes. The herbal combination capsule (600 mg) contained Terminalia chebula fruit extract (200 mg), Commiphora mukul (200 mg), and Commiphora myrrha oleo-gum-resin (200 mg), and the placebo capsule contained 600 mg toast powder. The patients in one group took the herbal combination and those in the other group took placebo capsules 3 times a day for 3 months. In the herbal combination–treated patients, the fasting blood glucose, total cholesterol, and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels were decreased and hidh-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels was increased significantly at the endpoint compared with the placebo and baseline. Other blood parameters such as glycosylated hemoglobin, triglyceride, blood urea nitrogen, creatinine, SGOT, and SGPT levels were not significantly changed after 3 months in both groups. In conclusion, the herbal combination improves glycemic control and lipid profile in women with hyperlipidemic type 2 diabetes without any adverse events.

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Kamigaki, Takamichi, and Akihiro Ogawa. "Observation of exopolysaccharides (EPS) from Lactobacillus helveticus SBT2171 using the Tokuyasu method." Microscopy 69, no. 5 (May 5, 2020): 286–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jmicro/dfaa021.

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Abstract Some species of lactic acid bacteria used for the production of natural cheese produce exopolysaccharides (EPS). Electron microscopy is useful for analyzing the microstructure of EPS produced by lactic acid bacteria. However, pretreatments used to observe the microstructure of EPS by electron microscopy, such as dehydration and resin embedding, can result in EPS flowing out easily from the cell. Therefore, in this study, the Tokuyasu method was conducted on cryosection to reduce EPS outflow. Two types of observation method, namely, using lectin and ruthenium red, were conducted in an attempt to observe EPS produced by Lactobacillus helveticus SBT2171. Observation using the lectin method confirmed that colloidal gold particles conjugated with a lectin recognizing β-galactoside were present in the capsule. Structures that appeared to be β-galactoside-containing slime polysaccharides that were released from the cell wall were also observed. Observation using ruthenium red showed that capsular polysaccharides (CPS) in the capsule were present as a net-like structure. Colloidal gold conjugation with an anti-β-lactoglobulin antibody, in addition to ruthenium red staining, allowed the identification of slime polysaccharides released from the cell wall in the milk protein network derived from the culture medium. Based on these results, the Tokuyasu method was considered to be a useful pretreatment method to clarify and observe the presence of EPS. In particular, both CPS in the capsule and slime exopolysaccharides released from the cell wall were visualized.

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Uematsu, Yoko, Mami Ogimoto, Junichirou Kabashima, Kouichi Ito, and Kazuo Yasuda. "Determination ofMagnesium Stearate in Capsule- or Tablet-Type Supplements." Journal of AOAC INTERNATIONAL 89, no. 2 (March 1, 2006): 458–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jaoac/89.2.458.

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Abstract A simple method for the determination of magnesium stearate in capsule- or tablet-type supplements was developed. Free stearic acid in the sample was removed by extraction with tetrahydrofuran. The remaining stearate was converted to stearic acid by reaction with a cation-exchange resin. The resulting stearic acid was determined by gas chromatography with a polar column. Esters of stearic acid were not converted to stearic acid and would not cause a positive error in the amount of stearate. The amount of magnesium stearate was calculated based on the stearic acid concentration thus obtained. Magnesium stearate levels in 5 out of 25 supplements exceeded 2500 g/g, which indicated the possible admixture of magnesium stearate.

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Peron, Mael, Vincent Sobotka, Nicolas Boyard, and Steven Le Corre. "Thermomechanical Effects in PVTα Measurements." Key Engineering Materials 611-612 (May 2014): 1584–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.611-612.1584.

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Knowledge of the different properties of thermoset composite materials is of great importance for the manufacturing of high quality composite parts. The resin bulk modulus is one of them and is essential to define the composite parts compressive behaviour under uniform compression. The evolution of this property with temperature and conversion degree of reaction is a challenging task and has been tentatively measured with a home-made apparatus, named PVTα, on which temperature, volume change and degree of cure are simultaneously recorded. But as the sample is contained in a non-reactive and deformable capsule, which mechanical behaviour may interfere with the measurement, a validation is required. The aim of this work is to develop a finite element model of the problem in order to simulate the thermal mechanical behaviour of the sample and the capsule, and so to validate the measurement process. The multiphysical numerical model accounts for phase change kinetics and non-linear thermal properties as well as thermo-dependent elastic properties, all problems being solved through a strong iterative coupling scheme. Mechanical contact problems between the capsule and the resin sample are handled through a penalization method contact algorithm which enables to capture the effects of chemical and thermal shrinkage in the sample and the capsule. The heterogeneous stress state generated by the material transformation is assumed to induce heterogeneous strain states which may lead to misinterpretations of macroscopic measurements. This model is a first approach and will be improved using a more sophisticated rheological model. Nevertheless, results show that the usual experimental analysis method can be used as long as the gel point is not reached. After a certain conversion degree, the measured bulk modulus is different from the effective one so corrections have to be brought.

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Yang, Jae E., Earl O. Skogley, and Yong Sik Ok. "Carbonaceous Resin Capsule for Vapor-phase Monitoring of Volatile Monoaromatic Hydrocarbons in Soil." Soil and Sediment Contamination: An International Journal 20, no. 2 (February 28, 2011): 205–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/15320383.2011.536596.

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SAWAGUCHI, A., F. AOYAMA, S. IDE, and T. SUGANUMA. "Capsule-supporting ring: a new device for resin embedding of glass-mounted specimens." Journal of Microscopy 234, no. 2 (May 2009): 113–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2818.2009.03161.x.

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B.H. Al-Khedairy, Eman, Alaa A. Abdulrasso, and Jenan M. AL-Mosawi. "Preparation of modified release diltiazem HCl capsule by complexation with ion exchange resin." Iraqi Journal of Pharmacy 11, no. 2 (December 28, 2011): 17–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.33899/iphr.2011.49655.

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Fredi, Giulia, Cordelia Zimmerer, Christina Scheffler, and Alessandro Pegoretti. "Polydopamine-Coated Paraffin Microcapsules as a Multifunctional Filler Enhancing Thermal and Mechanical Performance of a Flexible Epoxy Resin." Journal of Composites Science 4, no. 4 (November 22, 2020): 174. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jcs4040174.

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This work focuses on flexible epoxy (EP) composites containing various amounts of neat and polydopamine (PDA)-coated paraffin microcapsules as a phase change material (PCM), which have potential applications as adhesives or flexible interfaces with thermal management capability for electronics or other high-value-added fields. After PDA modification, the surface of PDA-coated capsules (MC-PDA) becomes rough with a globular appearance, and the PDA layer enhances the adhesion with the surrounding epoxy matrix, as shown by scanning electron microscopy. PDA deposition parameters have been successfully tuned to obtain a PDA layer with a thickness of 53 ± 8 nm, and the total PDA mass in MC-PDA is only 2.2 wt %, considerably lower than previous results. This accounts for the fact that the phase change enthalpy of MC-PDA is only marginally lower than that of neat microcapsules (MC), being 221.1 J/g and 227.7 J/g, respectively. Differential scanning calorimetry shows that the phase change enthalpy of the prepared composites increases with the capsule content (up to 87.8 J/g) and that the enthalpy of the composites containing MC-PDA is comparable to that of the composites with MC. Dynamic mechanical analysis evidences a decreasing step in the storage modulus of all composites at the glass transition of the EP phase, but no additional signals are detected at the PCM melting. PCM addition positively contributes to the storage modulus both at room temperature and above Tg of the EP phase, and this effect is more evident for composites containing MC-PDA. As the capsule content increases, the mechanical properties of the host EP matrix also increase in terms of elastic modulus (up to +195%), tensile strength (up to +42%), Shore D hardness (up to +36%), and creep compliance (down to −54% at 60 min). These effects are more evident for composites containing MC-PDA due to the enhanced interfacial adhesion.

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Roussou, Konstantina, Alexandros K. Nikolaidis, Fani Ziouti, Aristidis Arhakis, Konstantinos Arapostathis, and Elisabeth A. Koulaouzidou. "Cytotoxic Evaluation and Determination of Organic and Inorganic Eluates from Restorative Materials." Molecules 26, no. 16 (August 13, 2021): 4912. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules26164912.

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Over the last years, diverse commercial resin-based composites have dominated as dental filling materials. The purpose of the present study was to determine organic and inorganic eluates from five restorative materials using GC/MS and ICP–OES and to compare the effect on cell survival of human gingival fibroblasts of a conventional and a bioactive resin. Five commercially available restorative materials were employed for this study: ActivaTM Bioactive Restorative, ENA HRi, Enamel plus HRi Biofunction, Fuji II LC Capsule, and Fuji IX Capsule. Disks that were polymerized with a curing LED light or left to set were immersed in: 1 mL methanol or artificial saliva for GC/MS analysis, 5mL deionized water for ICP–OES, and 5mL of culture medium for cell viability. Cell viability was investigated with a modified staining sulforhodamine B assay.The following organic substances were detected: ACP, BHT, BPA, 1,4-BDDMA, CQ, DBP, DMABEE, HEMA, MCE, MeHQ, MOPA, MS, TMPTMA, and TPSb and the ions silicon, aluminum, calcium, sodium, and barium. Activa Bioactive Restorative was found to be biocompatible. Elution of organic substances depended on material’s composition, the nature of the solvent and the storage time. Ions’ release depended on material’s composition and storage time. The newly introduced bioactive restorative was found to be more biocompatible.

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Zhen, Zhao Hui, and Cui Hua Dong. "Study of SMA as Protective Colloid on the MF-Resin Micro-Encapsulation." Advanced Materials Research 790 (September 2013): 542–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.790.542.

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The paper studied the effects of SMA as protective colloid on emulsification and micro-encapsulation process in the preparation of MF-resin microcapsules. The results indicated that pH value and the dosage of the SMA had important effects on zeta value and micro-encapsulation. The SMA dosage, emulsifying time and stirring rate influenced the capsule preparation, mean particle size and particle size distribution of microcapsules. The diameter became smaller with the increase of the amount of protective colloid. The applying amount of the SMA had an optimum value. The zeta potential just after emulsification was much larger than after reaction of MF in the preparation of microcapsules.

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Zheng, Jiao, Binglin Liu, Qixing Lun, Weijuan Yao, Yunfang Zhao, Wei Xiao, Wenzhe Huang, Yonghua Wang, Jun Li, and Pengfei Tu. "Longxuetongluo Capsule Improves Erythrocyte Function against Lipid Peroxidation and Abnormal Hemorheological Parameters in High Fat Diet-Induced ApoE−/−Mice." Oxidative Medicine and Cellular Longevity 2016 (2016): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2016/2603219.

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Chinese dragon’s blood, the red resin ofDracaena cochinchinensis, one of the renowned traditional medicines, has been used to facilitate blood circulation and disperse blood stasis for thousands of years. Phenolic compounds are considered to be responsible for its main biological activities. In this study, total phenolic compounds of Chinese dragon’s blood were made into capsule (Longxuetongluo Capsule, LTC) and their effects on the abnormal hemorheological properties were examined by high fat diet (HFD) induced ApoE−/− mice. Compared to the model group, LTC recovered the abnormal hemorheological parameters in HFD-induced ApoE−/− mice by reducing whole blood viscosity (WBV) at high rate and improving erythrocyte function. In conclusion, LTC could ameliorate erythrocyte deformability and osmotic fragility through the reduction of lipid peroxidation on plasma and erythrocyte membranes in HFD-induced ApoE−/− mice, which supported the traditional uses of Chinese dragon’s blood as an effective agent for improving blood microcirculation in hypercholesterolemia.

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Pampolino, Mirasol F., Tetsuo Urushiyama, and Ryusuke Hatano. "Detection of nitrate leaching through bypass flow using pan lysimeter, suction cup, and resin capsule." Soil Science and Plant Nutrition 46, no. 3 (September 2000): 703–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00380768.2000.10409135.

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Yeong, Chai-Hong, Basri Johan Jeet Abdullah, Kwan-Hoong Ng, Lip-Yong Chung, Khean-Lee Goh, Sazilah Ahmad Sarji, and Alan Christopher Perkins. "Production and first use of 153SmCl3-ion exchange resin capsule formulation for assessing gastrointestinal motility." Applied Radiation and Isotopes 70, no. 3 (March 2012): 450–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.apradiso.2011.11.056.

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Schart-Morén, Nadine, Sune Larsson, Helge Rask-Andersen, and Hao Li. "Anatomical Characteristics of Facial Nerve and Cochlea Interaction." Audiology and Neurotology 22, no. 1 (2017): 41–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1159/000475876.

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Objective: The aim was to study the relationship between the labyrinthine portion (LP) of the facial canal and the cochlea in human inner ear molds and temporal bones using micro-CT and 3D rendering. A reduced cochlea-facial distance may spread electric currents from the cochlear implant to the LP and cause facial nerve stimulation. Influencing factors may be the topographic anatomy and otic capsule properties. Methods: An archival collection of human temporal bones underwent micro-CT and 3D reconstruction. In addition, cochlea-facial distance was assessed in silicone and polyester resin molds, and the association between the LP and upper basal turn of the cochlea was analyzed. Results: Local thinning of the otic capsule and local anatomy may explain the development of cochlea-facial dehiscence, which was found in 1.4%. A reduced cochlea-facial distance was noted in 1 bone with a superior semicircular canal dehiscence but not in bones with superior semicircular canal “blue line.” The otic capsule often impinged upon the LP and caused narrowing. Conclusion: Micro-CT with 3D rendering offers new possibilities to study the topographic anatomy of the human temporal bone. The varied shape of the cross-section of the LP could often be explained by an “intruding” cochlea.

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Inoue, T., S. Miyakoshi, and M. Shimono. "The in vitro and in vivo Influence of 4-META/MMA-TBB Resin Components on Dental Pulp Tissues." Advances in Dental Research 15, no. 1 (August 2001): 101–4. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/08959374010150010101.

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The purpose of this study was to qualitate the penetration of the major components of 4-META/MMA-TBB adhesive resin (4-META resin) and to characterize their influence on the in vitro and in vivo wound healing of dental pulp tissues. Fresh 4-META resin was applied to rabbit mesentery; its components penetrated the mesentery to form three of layers, depending on the amounts of monomer components in the tissue. The superficial layer was a soft-tissue hybrid layer (STHL), the intermediate layer contained small particles of polymerized 4-META resin, while the deepest layer contained unpolymerized monomer components including MMA and butanol, which were detected by gas chromatography (GC). To characterize the in vivo effects of the deepest layer, we immersed the pulp tissue in MMA or in 5% 4-META/MMA and autotransplanted it to placement beneath a rabbit kidney capsule. The MMA-immersed pulp was positive for osteocalcin and presented osteodentin formation at 7 days, as did the untreated control pulp tissue. In contrast, the 5% 4-META/MMA-immersed pulp collapsed into the cell-deficient fibrous connective tissue, with slight calcification by 7 days and less osteodentin formation at 14 days. Analysis of these data suggests that MMA does not inhibit osteogenic activity of pulp tissue, while 5% 4-META/MMA does inhibit osteogenic activity to some extent.

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Fredi, Giulia, Sandra Dirè, Emanuela Callone, Riccardo Ceccato, Francesco Mondadori, and Alessandro Pegoretti. "Docosane-Organosilica Microcapsules for Structural Composites with Thermal Energy Storage/Release Capability." Materials 12, no. 8 (April 19, 2019): 1286. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma12081286.

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Organic phase change materials (PCMs) represent an effective solution to manage intermittent energy sources as the solar thermal energy. This work aims at encapsulating docosane in organosilica shells and at dispersing the produced capsules in epoxy/carbon laminates to manufacture multifunctional structural composites for thermal energy storage (TES). Microcapsules of different sizes were prepared by hydrolysis-condensation of methyltriethoxysilane (MTES) in an oil-in-water emulsion. X-ray diffraction (XRD) highlighted the difference in the crystalline structure of pristine and microencapsulated docosane, and 13C solid-state nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) evidenced the influence of microcapsules size on the shifts of the representative docosane signals, as a consequence of confinement effects, i.e., reduced chain mobility and interaction with the inner shell walls. A phase change enthalpy up to 143 J/g was determined via differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) on microcapsules, and tests at low scanning speed emphasized the differences in the crystallization behavior and allowed the calculation of the phase change activation energy of docosane, which increased upon encapsulation. Then, the possibility of embedding the microcapsules in an epoxy resin and in an epoxy/carbon laminate to produce a structural TES composite was investigated. The presence of microcapsules agglomerates and the poor capsule-epoxy adhesion, both evidenced by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), led to a decrease in the mechanical properties, as confirmed by three-point bending tests. Dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA) highlighted that the storage modulus decreased by 15% after docosane melting and that the glass transition temperature of the epoxy resin was not influenced by the PCM. The heat storage/release properties of the obtained laminates were proved through DSC and thermal camera imaging tests.

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Mukai, Kohkai, Hiroaki Seki, Yasunobu Kawajiro, Satoshi Sakamoto, Yuya Daicho, and Tsuneo Hagiwara. "Production of A Magnetic Micro Capsule based on Photopolymerized Resin Mold and Its Motion in Viscous Liquid." Journal of Photopolymer Science and Technology 23, no. 3 (2010): 407–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.2494/photopolymer.23.407.

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Yin, Tao, Qiangang Fu, Le Zhou, and Yewei Fu. "Powdered nitrile rubber @ silicon dioxide capsule as the wear modifier of phenolic resin composites under dry friction." Tribology International 151 (November 2020): 106517. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.triboint.2020.106517.

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Yang, Jae E., Earl O. Skogley, Mahtab Ahmad, Sang Soo Lee, and Yong Sik Ok. "Carbonaceous resin capsule for vapor-phase monitoring of volatile hydrocarbons in soil: partitioning and kinetic model verification." Environmental Geochemistry and Health 35, no. 6 (May 24, 2013): 715–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10653-013-9529-8.

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Malekkhouyan, Roya, Saied Nouri Khorasani, Rasoul Esmaeely Neisiany, Reza Torkaman, Mohammad Sadegh Koochaki, and Oisik Das. "Preparation and Characterization of Electrosprayed Nanocapsules Containing Coconut-Oil-Based Alkyd Resin for the Fabrication of Self-Healing Epoxy Coatings." Applied Sciences 10, no. 9 (May 1, 2020): 3171. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app10093171.

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In the present study, the preparation of nanocapsules using the coaxial electrospraying method was investigated. Poly(styrene-co-acrylonitrile) (SAN) was used as a shell material and coconut-oil-based alkyd resin (CAR) as a core. Chemical structure, thermal stability, and morphology of nanocapsules were characterized by Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, thermal gravimetric analysis (TGA), and field emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM), respectively. In addition, the formation of the core–shell structure was approved by transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and FE-SEM micrographs of the fractured nanocapsules. Furthermore, differential scanning calorimetry tests (DSC) were carried out to investigate the reactivity of released healing agents from the nanocapsules. The prepared nanocapsules were then incorporated into the epoxy resins and applied on the surfaces of the steel panels. The effect of capsule incorporation on the properties of the coating was evaluated. The self-healing performance of the coatings in the salty and acidic media was also assessed. The FTIR results revealed the presence of both shell and core in the prepared nanocapsules and proved that no reaction occurred between them. The morphological studies confirmed that the electrosprayed nanocapsules’ mean diameter was 708 ± 252 nm with an average shell thickness of 82 nm. The TGA test demonstrated the thermal stability of nanocapsules to be up to 270 °C while the DSC results reveal a successful reaction between CAR and epoxy resin, especially in the acidic media. The electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) test results demonstrate that the best self-healing performance was achieved for the 2 and 1 wt.% nanocapsules incorporation in the NaCl, and HCl solution, respectively.

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Silva, Heloísa Helena Garcia da, Regina Geris, Edson Rodrigues Filho, Cleonice Rocha, and Ionizete Garcia da Silva. "Larvicidal activity of oil-resin fractions from the Brazilian medicinal plant Copaifera reticulata Ducke (Leguminosae-Caesalpinoideae) against Aedes aegypti (Diptera, Culicidae)." Revista da Sociedade Brasileira de Medicina Tropical 40, no. 3 (June 2007): 264–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0037-86822007000300002.

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Oil-resin fractions from Copaifera reticulata Ducke (Leguminosae-Caesalpinoideae) were evaluated for larvicidal activity on third larval instars of Aedes aegypti, in searching for alternative control methods for this mosquito. The bioactive fractions were chemically monitored by thin-layer chromatography, ¹H and 13C nuclear magnetic resonance and mass spectrometry. Bioassays were performed using five repetitions, at a temperature of 28 ± 1°C, relative humidity of 80 ± 5% and light and dark cycles of 12h. Mortality was indicated by darkening of the cephalic capsule after 24h of exposure of the larvae to the solutions. The most active fractions were CRM1-4 (sesquiterpenes) and CRM5-7 (labdane diterpenes), which showed LC50 values of 0.2 and 0.8ppm, respectively.

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Miljković, Nikola, Stefan Dačić, Tamara Karuntanović, Marko Igić, Milica Dačić, and Dragica Dačić-Simonović. "The Influence of Different Light Curing Modes on the Depth of Cure of the Composite Resin." Acta Facultatis Medicae Naissensis 35, no. 1 (March 1, 2018): 58–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/afmnai-2018-0006.

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Summary The aim of this study was to investigate the influence of different light curing modes on the depth of cure of the composite resin. The metal block with formed round holes served as a mold for the placement of the composite resin. The composite resin was cured with Penguin DB-685 lamp with four optional working modes: strong, low, gradually strong, and flashing. Unpolymerized part of the composite specimen was removed by scraping with a plastic spatula, and then each specimen was placed into the capsule with 1 ml of ethanol alcohol and mixed for 20 s in amalgamator. The length of the remaining composite specimen was measured with the digital caliper with a precision of 0.01 mm. The measured values were divided by 2 (according to ISO 4049 standard) and then statistically processed. Based on the measured lengths of the polymerized part of the composite specimens, the lowest average value of the depth of cure (2.75 ± 0.08 mm) was determined after polymerization with the low mode and the highest value was obtained (2.98 ± 0.08 mm) with strong polymerization mode. Statistically significant difference (p < 0.05) was determined between low polymerization mode and all other modes (strong, gradually strong and flashing mode). The observed statistically significant differences are not clinically important because all curing modes provided the necessary depth of cure, which is in accordance with the clinical recommendation of 2 mm thick composite layer.

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Sherrod, S. K., J. Belnap, and M. E. Miller. "COMPARISON OF METHODS FOR NUTRIENT MEASUREMENT IN CALCAREOUS SOILS: ION-EXCHANGE RESIN BAG, CAPSULE, MEMBRANE, AND CHEMICAL EXTRACTIONS." Soil Science 167, no. 10 (October 2002): 666–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00010694-200210000-00005.

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Sullivan, W. Michael, and Zhongchun Jiang. "Soil Nitrate Monitoring for Turfgrass Sod Farms and Other Turf Areas." Scientific World JOURNAL 1 (2001): 49–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1100/tsw.2001.303.

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Studies with established turf and golf courses have indicated minimal risk of nitrate pollution of groundwater resulting from turfgrass management, but soil nitrate flux in turfgrass sod production farms and golf courses has received less attention. Information about nitrate-N flux at a particular location can be helpful to the sod producer or the golf course manager when efficiently applying N fertilizers and minimizing risk of nitrate pollution. We used an ion exchange resin capsule system to continuously monitor soil nitrate-N fluxes at 12 sites in southern Rhode Island, including turfgrass sod production farms and a low-maintenance environment. Four capsules were placed in the soil at each site and retrieved at intervals coinciding with management and meteorological events to determine nitrate ion accumulation. We found that the golf course green exhibited significantly higher nitrate-N fluxes than the sod farms and the low-maintenance turf. There was significant interaction between sampling date and study site, indicating that seasonal variation in soil nitrate-N fluxes was affected by turfgrass management. The cultural practice of late fall fertilization to stimulate early spring growth in the following year appeared to present some risk of nitrate loss during the winter from the golf course greens in our region. We conclude that site-specific and time-relevant monitoring is needed to produce and manage turfgrasses in an environmentally sound manner.

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Geris, Regina, Ionizete Garcia da Silva, Heloísa Helena Garcia da Silva, Andersson Barison, Edson Rodrigues-Filho, and Antônio Gilberto Ferreira. "[NO TITLE AVAILABLE]." Revista do Instituto de Medicina Tropical de São Paulo 50, no. 1 (February 2008): 26–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0036-46652008000100006.

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The objective of this study was to evaluate the larvicidal activity of diterpenoids obtained from the oil-resin of Copaifera reticulata against Aedes aegypti larvae, the principal vector of dengue and urban yellow fever. Four diterpenes were obtained from oil-resin extraction with organic solvents and subsequent chromatographic and spectroscopic procedures allowed to isolation and identification of these compounds as 3-b-acetoxylabdan-8(17)-13-dien-15-oic acid (1), alepterolic acid (2), 3-b-hidroxylabdan-8(17)-en-15-oic acid (3), and ent-agatic acid (4). Each compound was previously dissolved in dimethylsulphoxide, and distilled water was added to obtain the desired concentrations. Twenty larvae of third instars were placed into plastic beckers, containing the solution test (25 mL), in a five repetitions scheme, and their mortality, indicated by torpor and darkening of the cephalic capsule, was recorded after 48h. Probit analyses were used to determine lethal concentrations (LC50 and LC90) and their respective 95% confidence intervals. This study showed that only diterpenoids 1 and 2 exhibited larvicidal properties with LC50 of 0.8 ppm and 87.3 ppm, respectively, revealing the former as the most toxic compound against third instars of Ae. aegypti. Therefore, this compound seems to be an interesting source for new metabolite to be exploited.

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Kavoosi, M., M. Kalbasi, and A. Aliakbar. "Comparison of Capsule Resin Data and Kinetic Parameters with Some Static Soil Tests to Predict Potassium Uptake by Rice." Communications in Soil Science and Plant Analysis 34, no. 15-16 (August 2003): 2073–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1081/css-120024049.

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Buck, Rachel L., Bryan G. Hopkins, Bruce L. Webb, Von D. Jolley, and Nathan L. Cline. "Depth of Ion Exchange Resin Capsule Placement Impacts on Estimation of Nitrogen and Phosphorus Bioavailability in Semiarid Low-Fertility Soils." Soil Science 181, no. 5 (May 2016): 216–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/ss.0000000000000165.

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Goiato, Marcelo Coelho, Daniela Micheline dos Santos, Andressa Paschoal Amoroso, Humberto Gennari Filho, and Stefan Fiuza de Carvalho Dekon. "Implant-retained finger prosthesis with modified retention system." Prosthetics and Orthotics International 37, no. 4 (November 30, 2012): 324–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0309364612465427.

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Background: Amputations affect both the physical and the psychological aspects of an individual, causing significant impact on self-esteem. The main causes of finger amputations are work-related accidents with dangerous machinery, road traffic accidents, and animal bites, as well as systemic diseases such as diabetes. This report aims to describe a simple technique for fabrication of implant-retained finger prosthesis with a modified base of the retention system. Case Description and Methods: The O-Ring retention system was used with a modified hexagon-shaped base and a metallic capsule adapted to the acrylic resin to attach the prosthesis to the implant. Findings and Outcomes: The prosthesis was made with silicone, and after osseointegration, it was installed without complications, leading to a patient satisfied with the end result and encouraged to return to social life. Clinical relevance Restoring self-esteem in the patient and static and functional rehabilitation.

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Safdari, Alireza, Saied Nouri Khorasani, Rasoul Esmaeely Neisiany, and Mohammad Sadegh Koochaki. "Corrosion Resistance Evaluation of Self-Healing Epoxy Coating Based on Dual-Component Capsules Containing Resin and Curing Agent." International Journal of Polymer Science 2021 (March 17, 2021): 1–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2021/6617138.

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In this study, a self-healing epoxy coating was prepared by incorporating a dual capsule healing system including epoxy resin and its amine-based curing agent. The emulsion electrospray technique was used for encapsulating the healing agents in poly(styrene co-acrylonitrile) (SAN) as shell material. Characterizing the prepared microcapsules (MCs) by Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) revealed their spherical morphology with the particle size of 827 nm and 749 nm for epoxy and amine cores, respectively. Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FT-IR) and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) results confirmed successful encapsulation with no side chemical reaction between the encapsulated core and shell materials. The effects of embedding MCs on the physical and mechanical properties of the epoxy coating matrix were studied by pull-off adhesion, conical mandrel bending, and gloss tests. In addition, the prepared coatings’ self-healing performance was evaluated by Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy (EIS) and potentiodynamic polarization (Tafel) experiments. The results revealed that the coating sample containing 1 wt% of core-shell MCs (a mixture of epoxy and amine-containing MCs with a 50 : 50 weight ratio) showed the best corrosion performance with 99% self-healing efficiency.

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Ahn, S. H., G. S. Park, and N. R. Ahn. "Preparation of thin Sections of (znxcdy)s Fine Particles by an Ultramicrotome." Microscopy and Microanalysis 4, S2 (July 1998): 868–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1431927600024466.

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The low voltage phosphors should be efficiently excited with an electron beam value lower than 500V. Thus the properties of low voltage phosphors are directly affected by the surface states of phosphors. Recently, to improve the properties of these phosphors, much analysis has been carried out focused on the surfaces of phosphors using by FESEM, AES or XPS etc.. Nevertheless, the microstructure of phosphors around the surface has not been made clear due to the resolution limits of the above equipments and the difficulties of sample preparation. In this study, in order to analyze the microstructure of phosphors around the surface, we have prepared the thin sections of the (ZnxCdy)S phosphors by an ultramicrotome and carried out high resolution electron microscope(HREM) study on the thin sections.To carry out ultramicrotomy, the particles of phophors were embedded with acrylic resin (methyl methacrylate: n-butyl methacrylate= 4:6, Benzoyl peroxide 1.5%) in a capsule.

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Machmud, Edy, and Sitti Arpa. "Mandibular implant-retained overdenture with magnets in total edentulous patients (case report)." Journal of Case Reports in Dental Medicine 1, no. 1 (May 2, 2019): 13. http://dx.doi.org/10.20956/jcrdm.v1i1.91.

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Objective: According to the manufacture, fewer than 1 in 10 capsule associated with overdentures on natural teeth separated from the denture base during an 8-year clinical trial; more interestingly, none experience loss of magnetic attraction.Methods: A 50 year old female patient came to Dental Hospital Makassar Hasanuddin University wanted to fix a loose denture, which has been used for 9 years. Chief complaint was a mobile mandibular denture. Treatment for the restoration of oral function, including mastication, using mandibular implant-retained overdenture with magnets in total edentulous. Implant supported retained with magnetic attachment constitute an accurate and predictable treatment option and achieve a higher patients satisfaction.Results: The surface of both magnet and attachment keeper were coated with titanium nitride (TiN). Self-curing resin was used for luting between magnets and denture base resin.Conclusion: Magnetic attachments can be used to retain mandibular implant overdenture.Key words: Implant supported overdenture with magnets, resorbed alveolar ridge, total edentulous

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Mirhish, S. M. "Histomorphological study of the spleen in indigenous Gazelle (Gazella subgutturosa)." Iraqi Journal of Veterinary Medicine 41, no. 2 (February 25, 2018): 100–105. http://dx.doi.org/10.30539/iraqijvm.v41i2.57.

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The study aimed to investigate the anatomical and histomorphometrical features of spleen in gazelle. To achieve this goal, spleens of 7 animals were used. The gross aspect of the study revealed that the spleen of gazelle appeared dark brown in color with elliptical shape and was situated at the left lateral surface of the rumen. It occupied the area extended from the 8th rib to 11th rib. Length and width of the spleens were calculated and the mean were 7.94±0.1, 5.88±0.2 respectively. There were three ligaments connected the spleen with adjacent structures, namely splenogastric, splenorenal and splenophrenic. The blood supply of the spleen was studied using X-rays and resin injection methods. The splenic artery was divided into three primary branches, each one subdivided into two secondary branches. The latter branched into tertiary branches which were distributed all over the splenic parenchyma. Microscopic findings showed that the capsule of spleen in gazelle was composed from of two layers, the outer one made of mainly of dense connective tissue; whereas the inner layer of capsule consisted of connective tissue fibers in addition to abundance of smooth muscle fibers interweaving among them. The total mean thickness of the capsule was 210.51+8.3 µm. The splenic parenchyma in gazelle consisted of white pulp represented by lymphoid follicles with their marginal zones and periarterial lymphatic sheath while the red pulp represented by splenic cords and sinusoids. The area of white pulp in the gazelle comprised about 9.6% of the spleen parenchyma. Red pulp composed mainly from cords of connective tissue and small sinuses or sinusoids filled with blood cellular element which extended among these cords and was lined by flattened endothelial cells with relatively large spaces or slits between them. The sinusoids were found to be lymphocytes, reticular, plasma, macrophages and occasional megakaryocytes whereas the megakaryocyte appeared large with acidophilic cytoplasm and dark elongated multilobated nucleus. This research work was performed in order to establish the basic histomorphological information helpful for the veterinary medical practice and veterinary surgions to developing their work on gazelle like designing the approach of some surgical operations like spleenectomy or any surgical entrance may be needed in these animal species.

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Sulaiman, TA, AA Abdulmajeed, A. Altitinchi, SN Ahmed, and TE Donovan. "Effect of Resin-modified Glass Ionomer Cement Dispensing/Mixing Methods on Mechanical Properties." Operative Dentistry 43, no. 4 (July 1, 2018): E158—E165. http://dx.doi.org/10.2341/17-166-l.

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SUMMARY Statement of the Problem: Resin-modified glass ionomer cements (RMGIs) are often used for luting indirect restorations. Hand-mixing traditional cements demands significant time and may be technique sensitive. Efforts have been made by manufacturers to introduce the same cement using different dispensing/mixing methods. It is not known what effects these changes may have on the mechanical properties of the dental cement. Purpose: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the mechanical properties (diametral tensile strength [DTS], compressive strength [CS], and fracture toughness [FT]) of RMGIs with different dispensing/mixing systems. Methods and Materials: The RMGI specimens (n=14)—RelyX Luting (hand mix), RelyX Luting Plus (clicker–hand mix), RelyX Luting Plus (automix) (3M ESPE), GC Fuji PLUS (capsule-automix), and GC FujiCEM 2 (automix) (GC)—were prepared for each mechanical test and examined after thermocycling (n=7/subgroup) for 20,000 cycles to the following: DTS, CS (ISO 9917-1) and FT (ISO standard 6872; Single-edge V-notched beam method). Specimens were mounted and loaded with a universal testing machine until failure occurred. Two-/one-way analysis of variance followed by Tukey honestly significantly different post hoc test was used to analyze data for statistical significance (p<0.05). Results: The interaction effect of both dispensing/mixing method and thermocycling was significant only for the CS test of the GC group (p<0.05). The different dispensing/mixing methods had no effect on the DTS of the tested cements. The CS of GC Fuji PLUS was significantly higher than that of the automix version (p<0.05). The FT decreased significantly when switching from RelyX (hand mix) to RelyX Luting Plus (clicker–hand mix) and to RelyX Luting Plus (automix) (p<0.05). Except in the case of the DTS of the GC group and the CS of GC Fuji PLUS, thermocycling had a significant effect reducing the mechanical properties of the RMGI cements (p<0.05). Conclusions: Introducing alternative dispensing/mixing methods for mixing RMGIs to reduce time and technique sensitivity may affect mechanical properties and is brand dependent.

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de Groot, Peter. "LIFE HISTORY AND HABITS OF THE WHITE PINE CONE BORER, EUCOSMA TOCULLIONANA (LEPIDOPTERA: TORTRICIDAE)." Canadian Entomologist 130, no. 1 (February 1998): 79–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.4039/ent13079-1.

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AbstractThe life history of the white pine cone borer, Eucosma tocullionana Heinrich, was studied from 1992 to 1994 in an eastern white pine seed orchard in Ontario. Adults flew from late May to early July, and egg laying commenced in mid-June. Oviposition coincided with the onset of white pine pollen release. Eggs were laid singly or in clusters on cones, with most of the eggs laid on the basal third of the cone. Head capsule measurements indicated five instars. Larvae fed in cones from mid-June to the end of August. Mature larvae exited the cones and dropped to the ground to pupate. The insect is univoltine. Parasitism by the Hymenoptera, Trichogramma and Apanteles, accounted for 5% of the eggs and 1% of the larvae, respectively. About 40% of the larvae died from being entrapped in resin. There were no significant differences in attack rates by E. tocullionana within the tree except in the middle level, where the south quadrant had significantly higher rates than the north quadrant.

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Pan, S. J., A. Shih, W. S. Liou, M. S. Park, G. Wang, B. A. Bohne, S. P. Newberry, H. Kim, and P. C. Cheng. "Recent Development of Cone-Beam X-Ray Microtomography at Sunyab." Microscopy and Microanalysis 3, S2 (August 1997): 1125–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1431927600012514.

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An experimental X-ray cone-beam microtomographic imaging system utilizing a generalized Feldkamp reconstruction algorithm has been developed in our laboratory. This microtomographic imaging system consists of a conventional dental X-ray source (Aztech 65, Boulder, CO), a sample position and rotation stage, an X-ray scintillation phosphor screen, and a high resolution slow scan cooled CCD camera (Kodak KAF 1400). A generalized Feldkamp cone-beam algorithm was used to perform tomographic reconstruction from cone-beam projection data. This algorithm was developed for various hardware configuration to perform reconstruction of spherical, rod-shaped and plate-like specimen.A test sample consists of 8 glass beads (approx. 800μm in diameter) dispersed in an epoxy-filled #0 gelatin capsule. One hundred X-ray projection images were captured equal angularly (at 3.6 degree spacing) by the cooled CCD camera at a of 1317×967 (17×17mm2) pixels with 12-bit dynamic range. Figure 1 shows a 3D isosurface rendering of the test sample. The eight glass beads and trapped air bubbles (arrows) in the epoxy resin (e) are clearly visible.

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Park, G.-S., D. Shindo, Y. Waseda, J.-M. Yang, T. Oikawa, and M. Kersker. "Preparation of successive thin sections of fine oxide particles by an ultramicrotome." Proceedings, annual meeting, Electron Microscopy Society of America 53 (August 13, 1995): 508–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0424820100138919.

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A large number of monodispersed fine oxide particles, which are uniform in shape, size and composition, have been developed as ideal advanced materials. Recently, by the newly developed gel-sol method, various shapes of micron-sized monodispersed hematite particles (α-Fe2O3) were produced, such as peanut-type, ellipsoidal and pseudocubic shapes. To understand the growth mechanism of these particles, it is necessary to investigate their internal structures. In this study, in order to analyze three dimensional internal structure of these particles, we have prepared their successive thin sections with an ultramicrotome and carried out HREM study on these successive thin sections.Monodispersed peanut-type and pseudocubic particles were prepared by the standard procedures of the “gel-sol method. For carrying out ultramicrotomy, these particles were embedded with acrylic resin (methyl methacrylate: n-butyl methacrylate=3:7 or 4:6, benzoyl peroxide 1.5-1.7%) in a gelatin capsule. After trimming with a glass knife, successive thin sections of the particles were obtained by a diamond knife with the optimum slicing condition. The slicing speed and thickness were set to be 0.6 mm/sec and 70 nm, respectively.

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Koochaki, Mohammad Sadegh, Saied Nouri Khorasani, Rasoul Esmaeely Neisiany, Ali Ashrafi, Stefano P. Trasatti, and Mirko Magni. "A highly responsive healing agent for the autonomous repair of anti-corrosion coatings on wet surfaces. In operando assessment of the self-healing process." Journal of Materials Science 56, no. 2 (September 22, 2020): 1794–813. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10853-020-05332-9.

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Abstract A methodology to enrich epoxy coatings of an effective self-healing feature on wet surfaces was developed as a further step on for practical corrosion protection issues. To this aim, a polyetheramine was chemically engineered by grafting catechol units and then successfully encapsulated in microcapsules (MCs) to be finally embedded into an epoxy resin deposited on steel panels. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), thin-layer chromatography, and 1D and 2D nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy confirmed the successful polyetheramine modification by dopamine units. Different dosages of catechol-modified polyetheramine were encapsulated within poly(styrene-co-acrylonitrile) shell via electrospray method to study the influence of dopamine grafting on the healing performance. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) analysis revealed the formation of the spherical MCs, while FTIR and TGA analyses confirmed the successful encapsulation. The highly responsive self-healing coatings were then prepared by embedding amine- and isocyanate-containing MCs (1:1 weight ratio; 3 wt% overall) as a dual-capsule system exploiting the polyurea formation as a fast healing reaction. In operando electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) tests were employed to study the underwater self-healing performance. According to the EIS results, monotonically increasing variation with time of the charge transfer resistance was correlated with a fast and effective underwater self-healing performance for the sample using 40 wt% of a catechol-modified healing agent. Such results, combined with others including SEM investigation on the underwater healed samples, point to an improved adhesion of the growing dopamine-bearing polymer to both underlying metal and epoxy edges of the scratch. Graphic abstract

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Purdy-Ramos, S. I., E. E. Van Niel, M. S. Forbes, and R. M. Carey. "Use of conventional embedment procedures for post-embedding immunocytochemistry of secretory proteins." Proceedings, annual meeting, Electron Microscopy Society of America 47 (August 6, 1989): 1052–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0424820100157243.

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The methodology of post-embedding immunocytochemistry commonly employs regimens that are more technically difficult than conventional processing and staining of specimens for transmission electron microscopy. Among these regimens are the preparation of frozen thin sections and embedment in hydrophilic acrylic resins such as Lowicryl and LR White . Cryotechnology, however, requires special equipment and exacting preparation of specimens. Use of water-soluble resins likewise demands special care; for example, embedment in LR White involves titrating the dehydration solutions and maintaining oxygen-free curing conditions (usually in gelatin capsules, making selected orientation of specimens quite difficult). It is commonly supposed that conventional treatments such as exposure to osmium tetroxide and uranyl acetate en bloc, with subsequent embedment in epoxy resins, are detrimental to antigenicity.Uranyl acetate block-staining can actually enhance immunocytocheinical staining of some epitopes . Though osmicated tissues have also been successfully immunostained , it is standard procedure first to treat the thin sections on grid with an oxidizing agent such sodium metaperiodate . We have found that a polyclonal antibody to renin effectively immunostains globular inclusions (granules) in juxtaglomerular (JG) cells of rat kidney. This can be accomplished both in unosmicated tissue embedded in LR White (Fig. 1) or in specimens (either intact kidney or isolated JG cells) that have been osmicated, uranyl acetate block- stained, dehydrated through 100% ethanol, and embedded in Poly/Bed epoxy resin (cured at 60 °C). Thin sections were collected on nickel grids and immunostained with Protein A-gold, without prior oxidation to remove osmium (Fig. 1). There are several distinct advantages of using the latter immunocytochemical procedure. First, tissues can be processed in a routine manner; in addition, specific orientation of specimens can easily be accomplished. Furthermore, curing of the embedment does not have to be carried out at low temperatures or in oxygen-free containers; this is particularly useful when processing cultured cells (Fig. 1).

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Schrader, W. P., C. A. West, U. H. Rudofsky, and W. A. Samsonoff. "Subcellular distribution of adenosine deaminase and adenosine deaminase-complexing protein in rabbit kidney: implications for adenosine metabolism." Journal of Histochemistry & Cytochemistry 42, no. 6 (June 1994): 775–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/42.6.8189039.

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We evaluated the age-related distribution of adenosine deaminase (ADA) and adenosine deaminase-complexing protein (CP) in rabbit kidney by immunohistochemical staining procedures. Paraffin- or resin-embedded tissue from rabbits < 1 week-4 years of age were stained by the peroxidase-anti-peroxidase (PAP) method for ADA and CP. With the exception of neonates, the qualitative staining pattern of each protein remained generally constant with age. In the cortex, distal tubules, blood vessels, histiocytes, and epithelial cells lining Bowman's capsule stained for ADA. Proximal tubules and glomeruli were positive for CP. In contrast to the segregated pattern in the cortex, staining for ADA and CP overlapped in the corticomedullary junction. ADA and CP co-localized on the brush border of tubule cells of the S3 segment. In the cytoplasm of these cells, staining for ADA was characterized by scattered punctuate deposits of peroxidase reaction product. In some instances these punctuate deposits also appeared to be positive for CP. In medulla, epithelial cells of the thin limb were positive for both ADA and CP, whereas papillary collecting ducts stained only for CP. These results document the age-related, tissue-specific expression and localization of ADA in renal tissue, features that probably reflect the crucial role played by the enzyme in adenosine/deoxyadenosine catabolism. In addition, colocalization of ADA and CP on the brush border of cells in the S3 segment of proximal tubules provides support for the hypothesis that one function of CP may be to position ADA on the plasma membrane of specific cell populations, further expanding the enzyme's utility in nucleoside metabolism.

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Yazici, A. Ruya, Zeren Yildirim, Atila Ertan, Gül Ozgunaltay, Berrin Dayangac, Sibel A. Antonson, and Donald E. Antonson. "Bond strength of one-step self-etch adhesives and their predecessors to ground versus unground enamel." European Journal of Dentistry 06, no. 03 (July 2012): 280–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0039-1698962.

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ABSTRACTObjectives: The aim of this study was to compare the shear bond strength of several self-etch adhesives to their two-step predecessors to ground and unground enamel.Methods: Seventy-five extracted, non-carious human third molar teeth were selected for this study. The buccal surfaces of each tooth were mechanically ground to obtain flat enamel surfaces (ground enamel), while the lingual surfaces were left intact (unground enamel). The teeth were randomly divided into five groups according to the adhesive systems (n=15): one-step self-etch adhesive - Clearfil S3 Bond, its two-step predecessor - Clearfil SE Bond, one-step self-etch adhesive - AdheSE One, and its two-step predecessor - AdheSE, and a two-step etch-and-rinse adhesive - Adper Single Bond 2(control). After application of the adhesives to the buccal and lingual enamel surfaces of each tooth, a cylindrical capsule filled with a hybrid composite resin (TPH) was seated against the surfaces. The specimens were stored in distilled water at 37°C for 24 hours, followed by thermocycling (5°C-55°C/500 cycles). They were subjected to shear bond strength test in a universal testing machine at a crosshead speed of 1.0 mm/minute. The data were compared using a two-way ANOVA, followed by Bonferroni test at P<.05Results: All adhesives exhibited statistically similar bond strengths to ground and unground enamel except for the etch-and-rinse adhesive that showed significantly higher bond strengths than the self-etch adhesives (P<.05). No significant differences in bond strength values were observed between ground and unground enamel for any of the adhesives tested (P=.17).Conclusions:Similar bond strengths to ground and unground enamel were achieved with one-step self-etch adhesives and their predecessors. Enamel preparation did not influence the bonding performance of the adhesives tested. (Eur J Dent 2012;6:280-286)

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Kostic, Milena, Stevo Najman, Dragan Mihailovic, Nebojsa Krunic, Nikola Gligorijevic, Jasmina Gligorijevic, Marko Igic, and Nikola Marinkovic. "Denture base resins biocompatibility testing in vivo." Vojnosanitetski pregled 75, no. 11 (2018): 1094–100. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/vsp170112045k.

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Background/Aim. The wearing of acrylic dentures is the cause of the inflammatory reaction of the oral mucosa. The aim of this study was to investigate the response of rat tissues to subcutaneous and intramuscular implantation of different acrylic samples, by histopathological analysis of the tissue. Methods. The study included two samples of hard and three samples of soft acrylic resins (heat and cold polymerized), that were subcutaneously and intramuscularly implanted in rats tissues. Implantation tests were designed to test the biological response of the surrounding tissue to the tested materials after their application for the period of two weeks and the period of four months. Results. After two weeks, regardless of the type of implantation, histopathological analysis showed an acute inflammatory response. There was an intense hyperplasia of inflammatory cells, multiplication of connective tissue as well as formation of many new blood vessels. The highest level of inflammatory changes was observed after the application of cold-polymerized resins. A lower intensity of inflammation in the case of heat polymerised resin was the result of its more complete polymerization. After the second observation period, fibrotic capsules were formed around the implanted samples indicating a chronic course of the inflammatory process. Less visible signs of inflammation and chronicity of the processes indicate that with time, i.e. with the length of the observation period, reduces inflammation. Conclusion. The subcutaneous and intramuscular implantation of acrylic resins material samples led to inflammatory response whose intensity was decreased over time. Heat polymerized resin was a biologically more acceptable in comparison to the cold polymerized acrylates.

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Hu, Bin. "Study on Influence of Rock Strength on Anchorage Performance of Resin Anchored Bolts." Advanced Materials Research 962-965 (June 2014): 968–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.962-965.968.

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Based on the introduction of the researches on the influence of the surrounding rock strength on the anchorage performance of resin anchored bolts at home and abroad, the numerical simulation was adopted to analyse anchorage system of single bolt support small-scale by using the finite difference program FLAC3D. The results showed that the stress distributions in resin capsules and surrounding rocks were different with the different strengths of surrounding rocks. The stresses in the surrounding rocks gradually decreased with the reduction of rock strength, but the plastic zone gradually expanded. On the basis, such technological approaches were brought forward to ensure support effect in the soft rock roadways by improving the materials and formulations of the resin capsules and increasing the support density and the anchorage length appropriately.

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Lopes, Guilherme Carpena, Paula C. Cardoso, Luiz Clovis Cardoso Vieira, Luiz N. Baratieri, Karina Rampinelli, and Gisele Costa. "Shear bond strength of acetone-based one-bottle adhesive systems." Brazilian Dental Journal 17, no. 1 (2006): 39–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0103-64402006000100009.

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The aim of this study was to assess the shear bond strength of four acetone-based one-bottle adhesive systems to enamel and dentin, and compare to that of an ethanol-based system used as control. Fifty human molars were bisected mesiodistally and the buccal and lingual surfaces were embedded in acrylic resin using PVC cylinders. The buccal surfaces were ground to obtain flat dentin surfaces, while the lingual surfaces were ground to obtain flat enamel surfaces. All specimens were polished up to 600-grit sandpapers and randomly assigned to 5 groups (n=20; 10 dentin specimens and 10 enamel specimens), according to the adhesive system used: One-Step (Bisco); Gluma One Bond (Heraeus Kulzer); Solobond M (Voco); TenureQuik w/F (Den-Mat) and OptiBond Solo Plus (Kerr) (control). Each adhesive system was applied according to the manufacturers' instructions. The respective proprietary hybrid composite was applied in a gelatin capsule (d=4.3mm) and light-cured for 40 s. The specimens were tested in shear strength with an Instron machine at a crosshead speed of 5 mm/min. Bond strengths means were analyzed statistically by one-way ANOVA and Duncan's post-hoc (p£0.05). Shear bond strength means (MPa) (±SD) to enamel and dentin were: Enamel: One-Step=11.3(±4.9); Gluma One Bond=16.3(±10.1); Solobond M=18.9(±4.5); TenureQuik w/F=18.7(±4.5) and OptiBond Solo Plus=16.4(±3.9); Dentin: One-Step=6.4(±2.8); Gluma One Bond=3.0(±3.4); Solobond M=10.6(±4.9); TenureQuik w/F=7.8(±3.9) and OptiBond Solo Plus=15.1(±8.9). In enamel, the adhesive systems had statistically similar bond strengths to each other (p>0.05). However, the ethanol-based system (OptiBond Solo Plus) showed significantly higher bond strength to dentin than the acetone-based systems (p£0.0001). In conclusion, the solvent type (acetone or ethanol) had no influence on enamel bond strength, but had great influence on dentin bonding, which should be taken into account when choosing the adhesive system.

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Guasti, Leonardo, Dominic Cavlan, Kathryn Cogger, Zahida Banu, Amreen Shakur, Salima Latif, and Peter J. King. "Dlk1 Up-Regulates Gli1 Expression in Male Rat Adrenal Capsule Cells Through the Activation of β1 Integrin and ERK1/2." Endocrinology 154, no. 12 (December 1, 2013): 4675–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1210/en.2013-1211.

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The development and maintenance of the zones of the adrenal cortex and their steroidal output are extremely important in the control of gluconeogenesis, the stress response, and blood volume. Sonic Hedgehog (Shh) is expressed in the adrenal cortex and signals to capsular cells, which can respond by migrating into the cortex and converting into a steroidogenic phenotype. Delta-like homologue 1 (Dlk1), a member of the Notch/Delta/Serrate family of epidermal growth factor-like repeat-containing proteins, has a well-established role in inhibiting adipocyte differentiation. We demonstrate that Shh and Dlk1 are coexpressed in the outer undifferentiated zone of the male rat adrenal and that Dlk1 signals to the adrenal capsule, activating glioma-associated oncogene homolog 1 transcription in a β1 integrin- and Erk1/2-dependent fashion. Moreover, Shh and Dlk1 expression inversely correlates with the size of the zona glomerulosa in rats after manipulation of the renin-angiotensin system, suggesting a role in the homeostatic maintenance of the gland.

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Feng, Xiaowei, Fei Xue, Tongyang Zhao, and Wenjie Jiang. "Mechanical Modification of Resin Capsules by Adding Steel Particles." Shock and Vibration 2021 (June 24, 2021): 1–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2021/6627520.

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Five kinds of steel particles with sizes ranging from 0.6 mm to 2.2 mm with increments of 0.4 mm were mixed with mining resin materials, and the mixing ratio of the particles was also varied. By using this approach, the film gloving problem of coal mine bolting should be effectively solved due to the shredding effects of the particles during bolt rotation. The premise is that the mechanical behavior should not be weakened under such conditions. A total of 47 standard cylindrical specimens were manually prepared, which included pure resin specimens and specimens containing particles with different sizes and weights. First, the homogeneity of a prepared standard specimen was verified by computed tomography (CT) scanning technology. Second, the mechanical improvements provided by each type of particle were evaluated. Thirdly, the effectiveness of both the particle weight and particle size was comprehensively discussed, and the eventual recommendation was to set for the particle size and weight as 1.4 mm and 40 g, respectively, and the particles weight percentage was 7.27%. Finally, the failure patterns for all specimens were collected and comprehensively compared. Additionally, pullout tests were carried out to vindicate the recommended particle size and weight.

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Wang, Hai Ping, Yan Chao Yuan, Min Zhi Rong, and Ming Qiu Zhang. "Melamine Resin-Walled Microcapsules Containing Styrene: Preparation and Characterization." Advanced Materials Research 47-50 (June 2008): 286–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.47-50.286.

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For purposes of developing a novel self-healing chemistry for polymer composites, melamine-formaldehyde (MF) resin-walled microcapsules containing styrene were prepared by in-situ polymerization in an oil-in-water emulsion. Chemical structure of the microcapsules was identified by Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy (1H NMR), respectively. In addition, scanning electron microscope (SEM) and optical microscope (OM) were used to investigate morphology and geometry of the product. The effects of dispersion rate, weight ratio of core to shell and emulsifier concentration were carefully analyzed. It was found that poly(melamine-formaldehyde) (PMF) microcapsules containing styrene were successfully synthesized through the proposed technical route, and their mean diameters fall in the range of 20~71 µm. The rough surface of the microcapsules is composed of agglomerated PMF nanoparticles. Both core content and size of the microcapsule can be adjusted by selecting different processing parameters. The highest loading of styrene in the capsules is about 60% and the emulsifier with lower molecular weight used to result in higher core content. In terms of differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), thermal behavior and storage stability of the capsules were studied. The results indicated that the microcapsules can be handled up to 72 oC.

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Journal articles on the topic 'Resin capsule'

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