To see the other types of publications on this topic, follow the link: Resin formulation.
Journal articles on the topic 'Resin formulation'
Create a spot-on reference in APA, MLA, Chicago, Harvard, and other styles
Consult the top 50 journal articles for your research on the topic 'Resin formulation.'
Next to every source in the list of references, there is an 'Add to bibliography' button. Press on it, and we will generate automatically the bibliographic reference to the chosen work in the citation style you need: APA, MLA, Harvard, Chicago, Vancouver, etc.
You can also download the full text of the academic publication as pdf and read online its abstract whenever available in the metadata.
Browse journal articles on a wide variety of disciplines and organise your bibliography correctly.
1
Muc, Aleksander, Paweł Romanowicz, and Małgorzata Chwał. "Description of the Resin Curing Process—Formulation and Optimization." Polymers 11, no. 1 (January 12, 2019): 127. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym11010127.
Full textAbstract:
The paper gives a set of basic relations characterizing the phenomena of viscous polymer resin flow through fiber reinforcement and the resin curing process. We describe the technological process of manufacturing composite structures. The influence of the resin curing process on values of residual stresses in composite constructions is analyzed taking into account two components: thermal shrinkage and chemical shrinkage of resins. For cases of 2-D structures, the method of formulating such tasks has been demonstrated. The types of design variables appearing in the optimization problems in this area are also presented. The 2-D optimization problems have been formulated. Various optimization problems are solved in order to demonstrate the influence of discussed relations on values of residual stresses and curing processes of thermosetting resins.
2
Darby, Paul, and Andy Bates. "Reducing emissions by resin formulation." Reinforced Plastics 45, no. 12 (December 2001): 32–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0034-3617(01)80414-8.
Full text
3
Liang, Li Juan, Pei Qing Huang, Xian Fu Wei, and Xu Jie Wu. "Formulation Design of the Blue Fluorescent Ink-Jet Ink." Advanced Materials Research 174 (December 2010): 429–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.174.429.
Full textAbstract:
Fluorescent inkjet ink was composed of solvent, resin, phosphor, assistant agent etc, solvent and resin were the main components in the fluorescent inkjet ink, which had an important effect on the luminescent property and various physical properties. In order to research and develop the fluorescent inkjet ink, formulation principle had been used to design the ingredient, and fluorescent inkjet ink samples had been prepared. The effect of different solvents and resins and mixed solvent and resin on the significant performance of the fluorescent inkjet ink had been studied, such as the viscosity, surface tension, luminous intensity, and fluorescence quantum yield. The results indicated that through the formulation design principle, formulation could be optimized to make the ink have high fluorescence intensity and physicochemical properties which could meet practical printing requirement.
4
Simpson, Bradley S., Xianling Luo, Jiping Wang, Yunmei Song, David Claudie, Sanjay Garg, Nicholas Smith, Ross McKinnon, and Susan Semple. "Development and Evaluation of a Topical Anti-Inflammatory Preparation Containing Dodonaea polyandra Extract." Journal of Pharmacy & Pharmaceutical Sciences 18, no. 4 (October 24, 2015): 578. http://dx.doi.org/10.18433/j38p57.
Full textAbstract:
Purpose: We have previously reported that the Australian Northern Kaanju (Kuuku I’yu) medicinal plant Dodonaea polyandra has anti-inflammatory activity. This is attributed largely to the presence of clerodane diterpenoids contained within the leaf resin. We envisaged developing a topical preparation to treat indications relating to skin inflammation. However, it was unknown whether the resin could be incorporated into a suitable dosage form while retaining the therapeutic value demonstrated in previous work. Therefore, the following study was undertaken to assess parameters of safety and efficacy for a prototype formulation containing the leaf resin extracted from D. polyandra. Methods: Using the assessment criteria of optimum appearance, tactile feeling, spreadability and odour, 78 different formulations were developed. Formulation stability was assessed using a centrifugal test with preparations displaying phase separation further modified or re-formulated. A prototype formulation containing 5% w/w plant resin was selected and subjected to in vitro release studies. This was quantified through HPLC analysis using two major bioactive diterpenoids as reference. The prototype formulation was tested for efficacy in a TPA-induced acute murine skin inflammation model as well as a 3D human skin model for irritancy/toxicity (Epiderm™). Results: The prototype resin cream was a chartreuse-coloured homogenous semisolid preparation that was readily spreadable upon contact with skin with no sensation of tackiness, residual greasiness, or irritation. The optimized cream showed no phase separation after 30 min centrifugation at 825 g. In the TPA-induced inflammation model, the resin formulation significantly reduced ear thickness and interleukin-1 beta levels in mouse ear tissue. The 5% w/w resin cream formulation showed no irritancy in a 3D human skin model. Conclusions: Our results demonstrate that bioactive resin from D. polyandra can be formulated into a stable and non-irritant semi-solid dosage form and reduce parameters of acute skin inflammation in vivo. This article is open to POST-PUBLICATION REVIEW. Registered readers (see “For Readers”) may comment by clicking on ABSTRACT on the issue’s contents page.
5
Ann Ellis, E. "A Simplified Method for Formulation of Epoxy Resin Embedding Media." Microscopy Today 14, no. 5 (September 2006): 50–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1551929500058703.
Full textAbstract:
In a recent paper on the revised formulation of Spurr low viscosity embedding medium with ERL 4221 the importance of maintaining an appropriate anhydride:epoxide (A:E) ratio was discussed. By understanding a few simple concepts about epoxy resin formulations and setting up a formulation table it is possible to create new resin mixtures with good sectioning properties and other desirable properties such as decreased viscosity and increased beam stability.Before starting a formulation you need to know the molecular weight of the anhydride and the WPE (weight per epoxide equivalent) of the epoxy resin component. The molecular weights and WPEs are usually printed on the bottle or can be obtained from the vendor. An A:E ratio of 0.7:1.0 -1.0:1.0 is used for most biological specimens. Increasing the A:E ratio results in a harder block; decreasing the A:E ratio results in a softer block. Table 1 shows a basic formulation spreadsheet where the molecular weights of the anhydrides and the WPEs of the epoxy resin components can be entered. The A:E ratio is entered under the anhydride for the molar ratio and the molar ratios of the epoxy components are entered under the epoxy components. The calculations are done as shown in each column and row.
6
Gupta, M. M., Niraj Gupta, Bhupendra S. Chauhan, and Shweta Pandey. "Fast Disintegrating Combination Tablet of Taste Masked Levocetrizine Dihydrochloride and Montelukast Sodium: Formulation Design, Development, and Characterization." Journal of Pharmaceutics 2014 (March 30, 2014): 1–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2014/568320.
Full textAbstract:
The aim of this study was to prepare fast disintegrating combination tablet of taste masked Levocetrizine dihydrochloride and Montelukast sodium by using direct compression method. To prevent bitter taste and unacceptable odour of the Levocetrizine dihydrochloride drug, the drug was taste masked with ion exchange resins like Kyron-T-104 and Tulsion-412. Among the two resins, Kyron-T-104 was selected for further studies because of high drug loading capacity, low cost, and better drug release profile. An ion exchange resin complex was prepared by the batch technique and various parameters; namely, resin activation, drug: resin ratio, pH, temperature, and stirring time, and swelling time were optimized to successfully formulate the tasteless drug resin complex (DRC). The tablets were prepared using microcrystalline cellulose (MCC) PH 102 as diluent along with crospovidone (CP), croscarmellose sodium (CCM), and sodium starch glycolate (SSG) as a superdisintegrants. The tablets were evaluated for weight variation, hardness, friability, wetting time, water absorption ratio, disintegration time (DT), and dissolution study and it was concluded that the tablet formulation prepared with 2% SSG + CCS showed better disintegration time in comparison with other formulation and good drug release. The stability studies were carried out for the optimized batch for three months and it showed acceptable results.
7
Gao, Zhen Zhong, Li Tao Guan, Jin Sun, and Deng Yun Tu. "Preparation and Characteristic of Urea Formaldehyde Modified with Hexamethoxymethyl Melamine." Advanced Materials Research 160-162 (November 2010): 1245–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.160-162.1245.
Full textAbstract:
Hexamethoxymethyl melamine (HMMM) was used to modify UF resins to obtain good performance with low formaldehyde emission. The effect of urea to formaldehyde ratio, HMMM content on the properties of UF resin was studied in detail. The results suggested that urea to formaldehyde ratio to be 1:0.9 and 20% HMMM content is the optimum formulation to afford desired UF resin. The viscosity, solidification time, bond strength and formaldehyde emission of the modified UF resins were also studied. The results revealed that the performance of the modified UF achieved the chinese standard.
8
Mega, I. Made, and A. A. Nyoman Supadma. "STUDY OF FERTILIZER (ORGANIC + INORGANIC) FORMULATION TO IMPROVE GUBAL AGARWOOD FORMATION IN KETIMUNAN TREE (Gyrinops versteegii)." International Journal of Biosciences and Biotechnology 5, no. 2 (May 21, 2018): 136. http://dx.doi.org/10.24843/ijbb.2018.v05.i02.p06.
Full textAbstract:
A study of fertilizer formulation (organic + inorganic) to increase the formation of sapwood (gubal) on agarwood plants (Gyrinops versteegii), had done to find the best fertilizer formulation that capable of increase and accelerate either growth and agarwood formation of sapwood on agarwood trees. The first year of study was conducted in Marga Tabanan Village. The field research was Randomized Block Designed (3 groups) with single factor of treatment. The tested treatment were 6 formulation of compound fertilizers and a control (unfertilized treatment). The compound fertlizers consisted of urea, SP-36, KCl, local compost, and dolomite in varying doses. The fertilizer formulations were applied on 21 agarwood trees that previously inoculated with mixed inoculant of Fusarium solani and Rhisopus sp. Three months after inoculation, the data from the following parameters were measured and statistically analyzed: plant height, stem circumference, sapwood weight, resin content and soil chemical properties.The results showed that the tested fertilizer compound had significant effect on plant height, sapwood weight, and resin rendement. No significant effect of fertilizer compound measured on the stem circumference. The highest sapwood weights was obtained on C treatment (14.39 g). The highest resin yield was obtained on B treatment (3.91%) which was relatively the same as that on C treatment (3.85%). Thus, the best fertilizer formulation for either plant growth, agarwood formation or agarwood resin was C treatment (100 g urea + 100 g SP-36 + 100 g KCl) + (7.5 kg compost) + (75 g Dolomite) per tree.
9
Balaji, M. A. Sai, and K. Kalaichelvan. "Thermal and Fade Aspects of a Non Asbestos Semi Metallic Disc Brake Pad Formulation with Two Different Resins." Advanced Materials Research 622-623 (December 2012): 1559–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.622-623.1559.
Full textAbstract:
The formulation of a brake pad requires the optimization of multiple performance criteria. To achieve a stable and adequate friction (µ), the brake pad materials should have low fade and higher recovery characteristics coupled with less wear and noise. Among the properties mentioned, resistance to fade is very difficult to achieve. The type and amount of resin in the friction material is very critical for structural integrity of the composites. The binder should not deteriorate under any diverse conditions. The thermal stability of friction materials and its capacity to bind its ingredients collectively under diverse conditions depend upon the quality and proportion of resin. The current work evaluates the fade and recovery behaviour of developed friction composites from two different resins which are traditional straight phenolic resin and the alkyl benzene modified phenolic resin. Two brake pads with these different resins were fabricated as per Industrial Standard. TGA is carried between 150 – 4000 C as this zone of temperature is very critical which accounts for the weight loss (Thermal degradation). Friction and wear studies were carried out on a friction coefficient test rig as per SAE J661a standard. The results showed that the fade and wear of the friction materials were closely related to the thermal decomposition of the binder resin and durability of the contact plateaus, which were produced by the compaction of wear debris around hard ingredients on the rubbing surface. It was clearly observed that the friction materials with modified resin showed significant reduction in fade %. Friction materials made with higher thermal stability showed resistance to fade. However wear didn’t show much noticeable changes.
10
Mercedes Pastor-Blas, M. M. "Compatibility Improvement between Chlorinated Thermoplastic Rubber and Polychloroprene Adhesive." Rubber Chemistry and Technology 82, no. 1 (March 1, 2009): 18–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.5254/1.3548238.
Full textAbstract:
Abstract Traditionally, it has been believed that there is an incompatibility between the chlorinated rubber surface and polychloroprene adhesives resulting in a lack of adhesion. However, in this study it has been shown that a polychloroprene adhesive (PCP30P) produces similar T-peel strength values when using a polyurethane (PU) adhesive in joints produced between a chlorinated thermoplastic SBS rubber and roughened leather. In both cases a cohesive failure mode within the rubber was obtained. This polychloroprene adhesive (PCP30P) contains a thermoreactive phenolic resin in its formulation. The nature of the resin greatly influences the viscoelastic properties of the polychloroprene adhesive. Thus, polychloroprene adhesive with no resin or with resins of a different nature do not produce suitable adhesive joints between the chlorinated rubber and the leather (Terpene phenolic resin (PCP30TP), a glycerol esther colofony resin (PCP30EC) and an aromatic hydrocarbon resin (PCP30AH) were studied). The interactions produced between the chlorinating agent and the adhesive were studied by ATR-IR on solid films of the polychloroprene adhesives and the tackifier resins previously immersed in the chlorinating solution (0.5 and 3 wt% TCI/MEK). All the polychloroprene adhesives were modified by the chlorinating agent, being capable of producing a good interaction with the chlorinated rubber surface at the interface. Therefore, the good performance of the PCP30P adhesive compared with the other polychloroprene adhesives has been ascribed to rheological behavior more similar to the PU adhesive assessed by DMTA. The PCP30P adhesive is the most elastic material among all the considered polychloroprene adhesives. This increased elasticity and better viscoelastic properties are imparted by the thermoreactive phenolic resin in its formulation.
11
Jansen, K. M. B. "Effect of Resin Formulation on Thermoset Viscoelasticity." Journal of Engineering Materials and Technology 128, no. 4 (May 8, 2006): 478–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.2345437.
Full textAbstract:
Viscoelastic relaxation curves of thermoset resins may change considerably for relatively small changes in properties of the initial monomer mixture or final conversion level. In order to be able to predict the effect of such changes, a model is proposed which relates the properties of the initial monomer mixture such as the functionality, mixing ratio, and conversion level to changes in the relaxation curves. It basically consists of two parts. Firstly, the crosslink density is calculated based on the exact composition of the monomer mixture and, secondly, the effect of this crosslink density on the position of the glass transition and the rubbery modulus was calculated. The model was tested with a series of Novolac epoxies in which the functionality, mixing ratio, and conversion level were varied systematically. It turned out that changes in the relaxation curves due to variations in conversion level could be predicted quite accurately from the shape and shift factor of the fully cured mastercurve. The agreement between relaxation curve predictions for the series with changing functionality and mixing ratio was only moderate, which was ascribed to errors in the prediction of correct values for the crosslink density.
12
Kavanagh, P. E., and W. A. P. Thiederman. "Paint and resin formulation with a spreadsheet." Surface Coatings International 83, no. 5 (May 2000): 246–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf02692703.
Full text
13
Oliveira, Mariana Lima de, Luiz Guilherme Meira De Souza, Raimundo Vicente Pereira Neto, and Jaciel Cardoso de Lima. "Obtaining and characterization of a composite with polymer matrix and corn cob waste filler." Research, Society and Development 9, no. 12 (December 26, 2020): e32791210849. http://dx.doi.org/10.33448/rsd-v9i12.10849.
Full textAbstract:
It was studied the feasibility of using corn cob to obtain a polymer composite. It was used of the corn cob in Three-grain sizes, and some formulations of the composite of polyester resin and powders were used, and the most appropriate formulation was chosen. For the characterization of the composite thermal and mechanical properties were determined. The main advantage of the composite was the low density, about 1.06 kg/m³ for the thick powder formulation. The composite presented an inferior mechanical behavior concerning the resin for all the studied particle sizes and formulations. The composite presented better mechanicals results for the bending strength, reaching 25.3 MPa for the thick powder formulation. The composite also proved itself to be viable for thermal applications since it has average thermal conductivity inferior to 0.21 W/m, being classified as thermal insulation and can be used to manufacture structures that do not require significant mechanical strength, such as tables, chairs, benches, panels, works of art, crafts and solar prototypes, such as ovens and stoves.
14
Curti, Carlo, Daniel J. Kirby, and Craig A. Russell. "Stereolithography Apparatus Evolution: Enhancing Throughput and Efficiency of Pharmaceutical Formulation Development." Pharmaceutics 13, no. 5 (April 25, 2021): 616. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pharmaceutics13050616.
Full textAbstract:
Pharmaceutical applications of 3D printing technologies are growing rapidly. Among these, vat photopolymerisation (VP) techniques, including Stereolithography (SLA) hold much promise for their potential to deliver personalised medicines on-demand. SLA 3D printing offers advantageous features for pharmaceutical production, such as operating at room temperature and offering an unrivaled printing resolution. However, since conventional SLA apparatus are designed to operate with large volumes of a single photopolymer resin, significant throughput limitations remain. This, coupled with the limited choice of biocompatible polymers and photoinitiators available, hold back the pharmaceutical development using such technologies. Hence, the aim of this work was to develop a novel SLA apparatus specifically designed to allow rapid and efficient screening of pharmaceutical photopolymer formulations. A commercially available SLA apparatus was modified by designing and fabricating a novel resin tank and build platform able to 3D print up to 12 different formulations at a single time, reducing the amount of sample resin required by 20-fold. The novel SLA apparatus was subsequently used to conduct a high throughput screening of 156 placebo photopolymer formulations. The efficiency of the equipment and formulation printability outcomes were evaluated. Improved time and cost efficiency by 91.66% and 94.99%, respectively, has been confirmed using the modified SLA apparatus to deliver high quality, highly printable outputs, thus evidencing that such modifications offer a robust and reliable tool to optimize the throughput and efficiency of vat photopolymerisation techniques in formulation development processes, which can, in turn, support future clinical applications.
15
Kariuki, Stephen Warui, Jackson Wachira, Millien Kawira, and Genson Murithi. "Formaldehyde Use and Alternative Biobased Binders for Particleboard Formulation: A Review." Journal of Chemistry 2019 (October 13, 2019): 1–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2019/5256897.
Full textAbstract:
Formaldehyde-based resins are conventionally used as a binder in formulation of particleboard. Epidemiologic studies have shown that formaldehyde is carcinogenic. Efforts to reduce the health hazard effects of the fomaldehyde-based resin in the particleboard formulation have included use of scavengers for formaldehydes and use of an alternative binder. Use of scavengers for the formaldehyde increases the cost and maintenance of particleboard formulation. There is no proof that scavengers eliminate the emission of formaldehyde from particleboard. Use of biobased binders in particleboard formulation provides an alternative for eliminating use of the formaldehyde-based resin. However, the alternative is hindered by challenges, which include limitations of physical and mechanical properties. The challenge has continuously been acted upon through research. The paper presents an overview of the use of starch as an alternative binder. Improvement over time of the starch and limitations thereof requires to be addressed. Use of the modified starch has shown increased particleboard performance. Mechanical strength, such as modulus of rupture, modulus of elasticity, and internal bonding in particleboards, however, remains to be a challenge.
16
Lourençon, Tainise V., Sami Alakurtti, Tommi Virtanen, Anna-Stiina Jääskeläinen, Tiina Liitiä, Mark Hughes, Washington L. E. Magalhães, Graciela I. B. Muniz, and Tarja Tamminen. "Phenol-formaldehyde resins with suitable bonding strength synthesized from “less-reactive” hardwood lignin fractions." Holzforschung 74, no. 2 (February 25, 2020): 175–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/hf-2018-0203.
Full textAbstract:
AbstractThe substitution of phenol by lignin in phenol-formaldehyde (PF) resins is one of the most promising end uses of lignin valorization. Lignin from grasses and softwood has been the focus of the studies in this field as they present a higher number of theoretical reactive sites for resin synthesis. Herein we examined the composition and chemical reactivity of “less-reactive” hardwood lignin fractions and their performance in PF resins, synthesized by substituting 50 wt% of the phenol with lignin. Before resin synthesis, the samples were hydroxymethylated and the maximum formaldehyde consumption was recorded. By doing so, we observed that hardwood fractions consumed formaldehyde close to the theoretical calculation, whereas the reference softwood lignin consumed only about ¼ of the theoretical value. In the resin synthesis, we added formaldehyde to the formulation according to the measured maximum formaldehyde consumption. Thus, low values of free formaldehyde in lignin-PF (LPF) resins were achieved (<0.23%). Moreover, the resin bonding strength displayed similar performance irrespective of whether the LPF resins were made with softwood or hardwood lignin (range of 3.4–4.8 N mm−2 at 150°C and 45–480 s of press time). Furthermore, we concluded that hardwood kraft lignins present no disadvantage compared to softwood lignins in PF resin applications, which have significant practical implications.
17
Hamed, J. O., O. O. Ogunleye, and C. A. Osheku. "Optimal design of a composite propellant formulation using response surface methodology." Advances in Materials Science 17, no. 1 (March 1, 2017): 44–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/adms-2017-0004.
Full textAbstract:
Abstract There is a continuous demand for high performance composite propellant formulations to meet mission requirements. The performance of composite propellant formulations can be enhanced by optimizing propellant formulation. However, the main objective of this study is to formulate a composition for composite propellant by optimizing the specific impulse which is the measure of propellant performance. A central composite design (ccd) consisting five ingredients (ammonium nitrate, powdered aluminum, polyester resin, ammonium dichromate and powdered charcoal) at five levels was used to formulate optimum propellant formulation from composite materials of ammonium nitrate based propellant verified for propellant characteristics using propellant performance evaluation programme (propep 3). The responses evaluated are specific impulse, characteristic velocity, density, temperature and molecular weight. Response surface methodology was used to analyze the results of the ccd of the composite formulations. The optimum values for specific impulse, characteristic velocity, density, temperature and molecular weight of the mixture from the surface plot are 212.178 s, 1335.81 m/s, 1640.6 k g/m3, 1968.73 k and 21.7722 g/mol respectively. The optimum predicted specific impulse was 212.178 s at composite composition of 73.61% ammonium nitrate, 4.36% powdered aluminum, 14.39% polyester resin, 5.10% ammonium dichromate and 2.54% powdered charcoal. The propellant optimum composition validated with propep 3 are in good agreement with each other in their accompany propellant characteristics. Therefore, the optimal propellant formulation enhanced the performance of solid propellants.
18
Hosseinpourpia, Reza, Stergios Adamopoulos, Thomas Walther, and Valeri Naydenov. "Hydrophobic Formulations Based on Tall Oil Distillation Products for High-Density Fiberboards." Materials 13, no. 18 (September 10, 2020): 4025. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma13184025.
Full textAbstract:
This study investigates the effect of renewable formulations based on tall oil bio-refinery products on the water vapor sorption and interfiber strength of cellulosic fibers as well as on the properties of high-density fiberboard (HDF) panels. The results obtained for HDF prepared using renewable formulations were compared to the results for HDF obtained using conventional synthetic paraffin wax (hydrowax), which is the hydrophobic agent currently utilized by the industry. Four tall oil distillation products (TODPs) with different levels of fatty and rosin acids were used for preparing the hydrophobic formulations with furfuryl alcohol as an organic solvent. According to determinations with an automated vapor sorption apparatus, the formulations had a similar effect with hydrowax on the sorption behavior of natural fibers. Unlike to hydrowax treatment, the ultimate tensile strength of cellulosic paper-sheets treated with the formulations remained unchanged or significantly increased. At the standard addition load of 1% (wt/wt dry fibers) of the formulations, HDF panels showed comparable and only in one case, e.g., TODP3-based formulation, slightly higher thickness swelling (24 h) than those with hydrowax. The best performing formulation (TODP2-based) in terms of tensile strength of paper sheets did not significantly change the mechanical properties of HDF panels in both standard climate and high humid conditions. Promising results at the standard and humid climate conditions were obtained for HDF panels manufactured with higher TODP2-based formulation amounts (3–5%) and reduced melamine-urea-formaldehyde resin content (10–12% instead of 14%, wt dry resin/wt dry fibers).
19
Puttegowda, Venkatesh Dinnekere, Roopa Karki, Divakar Goli, Sajal kumar Jha, and Manjunatha Panduranga Mudagal. "Formulation and Pharmacokinetic Evaluation of Microcapsules Containing Pravastatin Sodium Using Rats." Scientifica 2016 (2016): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2016/7623193.
Full textAbstract:
Pravastatin Sodium has a cholesterol lowering agent. It has shorter half-life and undergoes first-pass metabolism. Frequent dose is required in case of conventional dosage form. The purpose of the study is to formulate and evaluate microcapsules containing Pravastatin Sodium by complex with cholestyramine resins coated with Eudragit RLPO and Eudragit RSPO polymers for achieving control release. Complexation of drug on resin was carried out by batch method. Microencapsulation was carried out by nonaqueous solvent evaporation method. Pharmacokinetic studies were done by using rats. The intermediate stability studies were carried out on the most satisfactory formulations. FTIR, X-ray diffraction, and DSC spectra of drug, drug-resinates, and polymers revealed no chemical interaction. The % DEE and % yield were observed for formulations of f1 to f7 that were varied from 97.1 ± 0.8 to 98.9 ± 0.5% and 95.0 ± 3.25 to 98.8 ± 7.1%, respectively. Most satisfactory formulation, f6, showed drug release up to 72.6%. No changes in % DEE and % CDR were observed after stability studies. Microcapsules of f6 formulation achieved best performance regardingin vitrodrug release and from pharmacokinetic evaluation mean residence time was found to be 6.3 h, thus indicated, Pravastatin Sodium microcapsules were released and absorbed slowly over a prolonged period of time.
20
Caneli, Gulsah, Yong Chen, Na Sungsoo, Gregory G. Anderson, and Dong Xie. "A dental filling composite resin restorative with improved antibacterial function and hardness." Journal of Composite Materials 55, no. 2 (July 29, 2020): 159–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0021998320947144.
Full textAbstract:
A novel antimicrobial dental composite resin has been developed and evaluated. Alumina filler particles were covalently coated with an antibacterial resin and blended into a composite resin formulation. Surface hardness and bacterial viability were used to evaluate the modified composite resin. Results showed that almost all the modified composite resins exhibited higher antibacterial activity along with improved surface hardness, as compared to unmodified one. Effects of antibacterial moiety content on the modified fillers, modified alumina particle size and loading, and total filler content were investigated. It was found that increasing antibacterial moiety content, particle size and loading of the modified filler, and total filler content generally increased surface hardness. Increasing antibacterial moiety, filler loading and total filler content increased antibacterial activity. On the other hand, increasing particle size showed a negative impact on antibacterial activity. The leaching tests indicate that the modified experimental composite resin showed no leachable antibacterial component to bacteria and 3T3 mouse fibroblasts.
21
Bhalekar, Mangesh Ramesh, Nitin Madhukar Kadam, Nilam Hindurao Patil, Nitin Somnath Gawale, and Ashwini Madgulkar. "Novel ion exchange resin-based combination drug-delivery system for treatment of gastro esophageal reflux diseases." Brazilian Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences 46, no. 2 (June 2010): 335–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s1984-82502010000200021.
Full textAbstract:
The present study involves preparation and characterization of a combination tablet of ranitidine in immediate release form and domperidone in sustained release form, using ion exchange resins. Ranitidine lowers acid secretion, while domperidone release over a prolonged period improves gastric motility thus justifying this combination in gastro esophageal reflux diseases (GERD) and ensuring patient compliance. Drug loading was carried out by batch method & resinates were characterized using FTIR, XRPD. Resinates were formulated as a combination tablet and evaluated for tablet properties & in vitro drug release. Resinates provided sustained release of domperidone and immediate release of ranitidine. IR and X-ray studies indicate complexation of drug and resin along with monomolecular distribution of drugs in amorphous form in the resin matrix. The tablets of resinate combination showed good tablet properties. In-vitro drug release gave desired release profiles and ex-vivo drug absorption studies carried out by placing everted rat intestine in dissolution medium indicated statistically significant similarity in absorption from test and marketed formulation. The novelty of this study is that the retardation in release of domperidone from resinates is achieved by presence of weak resin in the formulation.
22
Zhang, Ying Qing, Qun Gao, Wei Luo, Ming Zou, Wen Feng Yuan, and Zhi Yuan Mi. "Formulation and Technology Study on the Taste Masking Granules." Advanced Materials Research 1088 (February 2015): 526–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.1088.526.
Full textAbstract:
Objective: To investigate the formulation and technology for taste-masking granules. Methods: Clarithromycin was used as a model active pharmaceutical ingredient with bitter taste. Four preparation processes were compared, which were gelatin mono-condensation microcapsule method, calcium alginate microcapsule method, gelatin microsphere method and resin matrix granulation method. With taste masking effect and dissolution rate as evaluation indexes, the optimal preparation technology was studied. The orthogonal experiment was used to investigate the optimal formulation. Results: Clarithromycin granules prepared by the resin matrix granulation method had good taste masking effects and suitable dissolution rate. The optimal formulation was following: polyacrylic acid resin IV 0.85 g, PEG4000 0.30 g, sodium bicarbonate 0.10 g. The prepared clarithromycin granules have good taste masking effect and its dissolution in 45 min can reach 80.5%. Conclusion: The optimal formulation and technology can satisfy the request for taste masking and dissolution rate of clarithromycin granules.
23
Zhang, Shu Jie, Rui Wang, Chong Qi Ma, Xiang Zhi Yin, and Dan Yan. "Study on Formulation of PU Resin for Pipeline Lining Rehabilitation Technology." Applied Mechanics and Materials 166-169 (May 2012): 1669–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.166-169.1669.
Full textAbstract:
The mixture ratio between host crystal and curing agent of PU resin was calculated adopting the particle reaction principle based on the same equivalent weight, the results show that the mixture ratio between host crystal and curing agent of PU resin is 100:20～26; then through the analysis of DSC cures, viscosity-temperature cures, viscosity-time cures and the gelatin time under 25°C, the best mixture ratio of 100:20 was confirmed whose curing process and viscosity can well meet the requirements of the pipeline lining rehabilitation technology; in order to test and verify its operational performance, the adhesive strength between the resin and the pipeline wall was simulated and tested, the results show that the adhesive strength of the resin whose mixture ratio is 100:20 is high, that can meet the requirements of the pipeline lining rehabilitation technology.
24
Tayama, Harry K., and Stephen A. Carver. "Comparison of Resin-coated and Soluble Fertilizer Formulations in the Production of Zonal Geranium, Potted Chrysanthemum, and Poinsettia." HortTechnology 2, no. 4 (October 1992): 476–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/horttech.2.4.476.
Full textAbstract:
A series of crop-specific, resin-coated, controlled-release fertilizer formulations, including: Sierra Geranium Mix 13-12-11 Plus Minors, Sierra Chrysanthemum Mix 12-10-17 Plus Minors, and Sierra Poinsettia Mix 12-12-15 Plus Minors were preplant-incorporated into Metro Mix 350 growing medium for the production of potted zonal geraniums, chrysanthemum, and poinsettia. Plant growth and foliar nutritional responses were compared to those obtained from plants produced with a standard resin-coated, controlled-release Osmocote formulation (19N-6P-12K), water-soluble Peters 20N-10P-20K, and a combination of water-soluble and resin-coated treatments. Crops produced with specialty resin-coated mixes (at recommended rate = l×) were equal in growth and flowering characteristics to those produced with Osmocote (1×), water-soluble (200 ppm nitrogen), or a combination of water-soluble (200 ppm nitrogen) and resin-coated (0.5×) fertilizer treatments. Foliar analyses revealed elemental concentrations in resin-coated fertilizer-treated plants were below those in water-soluble or combination treatments, but were within a range to support satisfactory quality crop production.
25
Samprasit, Wipada, Praneet Opanasopit, Prasert Akkaramongkolporn, Tanasait Ngawhirunpat, Kaewnapa Wongsermsin, and Suwannee Panomsuk. "Formulation of Dextromethorphan Oral Disintegrating Tablet Using Ion Exchange Resin." Advanced Materials Research 201-203 (February 2011): 1384–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.201-203.1384.
Full textAbstract:
The purpose of this research was to mask the bitter taste of dextromethorphan hydrobromide using a cationic ion exchange resin, Amberlite® IRP-69, to formulate oral disintegrating tablets (ODTs). The drug was loaded (resinate) were prepared in drug to resin ratio of 1:1 and 1:2. The resinate or physically mixed with the resin (physical mixture) was incorporated into ODTs by direct compression. The formula was developed to acquire the optimal formulations of taste masked ODTs, hardness and mouth feel and disintegration time. The ODTs were further evaluated for weight, friability, disintegration time, drug content, degree of bitter taste and drug release, respectively. The weight and friability of the tablet with resinate were not significantly different from those with physical mixture. The tablet with resinate had a lower tablet hardness due to drug loading might be reduced compressibility. The addition of Avicel®PH102 could be increased tablet hardness. Both ODTs with resinate and physical mixture provided a sustained pattern of drug release. However, only ODTs with resinate successfully masked bitter taste of the drug. In conclusion, the loaded drug in ion exchange resin as resinate could increase the palatability and acceptability of ODTs containing bitter drugs.
26
Gong, Hua, Michael Beauchamp, Steven Perry, Adam T. Woolley, and Gregory P. Nordin. "Optical approach to resin formulation for 3D printed microfluidics." RSC Advances 5, no. 129 (2015): 106621–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c5ra23855b.
Full textAbstract:
Custom resin formulation enables 3D printing of much smaller microfluidic flow channels (60 μm × 108 μm) than obtained with commercial 3D printing service bureaus. Such size reduction is a prerequisite to 3D print truly microfluidic devices.
27
Voet, Vincent S. D., Tobias Strating, Geraldine H. M. Schnelting, Peter Dijkstra, Martin Tietema, Jin Xu, Albert J. J. Woortman, Katja Loos, Jan Jager, and Rudy Folkersma. "Biobased Acrylate Photocurable Resin Formulation for Stereolithography 3D Printing." ACS Omega 3, no. 2 (February 2, 2018): 1403–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/acsomega.7b01648.
Full text
28
Paul, V., K. Kanny, and G. G. Redhi. "Formulation of a novel bio-resin from banana sap." Industrial Crops and Products 43 (May 2013): 496–505. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.indcrop.2012.07.064.
Full text
29
Mashouf, Ghodsieh, Morteza Ebrahimi, and Saeed Bastani. "UV curable urethane acrylate coatings formulation: experimental design approach." Pigment & Resin Technology 43, no. 2 (February 25, 2014): 61–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/prt-10-2012-0072.
Full textAbstract:
Purpose – The purpose of this work was to perform a systematic study on the effect of formulation on the physical and mechanical properties of ultaviolet (UV) curable urethane acrylate resins. In addition, the authors wanted to derive mathematical formula for the prediction of physical and mechanical properties for the aforementioned system. Design/methodology/approach – The experiments were carried out based on mixture experimental design to determine the effect of different multifunctional acrylates (i.e. 1,6-hexanediol diacrylate (HDDA), tripropylene glycol diacrylate (TPGDA), trimethyolpropane triactylate (TMPTA)) concentration on the physical and mechanical properties of a UV curable polyurethane acrylate system. The urethane oligomer was synthesized and characterized by the research team. Microhardness, adhesion strength and scratch resistance of the cured films were evaluated as the physical and mechanical properties. Findings – The results revealed that the resin and TMPTA concentrations had the most significant effects on the microhardness property. Adhesion strength of the films showed a linear trend with respect to all variables. Moreover, all components also had a significant and complex influence on the scratch resistance of the cured systems. In addition, mathematical equations proposed by mixture experimental design were derived for all the mentioned properties. Research limitations/implications – Other multifunctional acrylate monomers (i.e. more than three functional) can be used in the formulations. The kinetics of the curing can affect on the network formation and consequently on the properties of the cured films. Practical implications – The obtained results can be used by the researchers who are active in the field of structure-property relationship of polymers and surface coatings. The reported data and the mathematical equations can also be used for the formulating of an appropriate formulation based on a specific application. Originality/value – A systematic and statistical-based approach, i.e. mixture experimental design, was used to evaluate the effect of formulation on some of the properties of a UV curable polyurethane acrylate system. A urethane oligomer and three different multifunctional acrylate monomers as reactive diluents were used in the formulations. Noteworthy to mention that several mathematical models were derived by using analysis of variance for the prediction of the properties studied in this system.
30
Yao, Jiangwei, Haihua Zhan, and Zhuanyong Zou. "Preparation and Curing Behaviour of Epoxy Based Film for Moderate Temperature Prepreg." Polymers and Polymer Composites 25, no. 8 (October 2017): 621–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/096739111702500807.
Full textAbstract:
Bisphenol A epoxy resin and an acid anhydride [chosen from methyltetrahydrophthalic anhydride (Me-THPA), methylhexahydrophthalic anhydride (MHHPA) and methyl nadic anhydride (MNA)] were used to prepare epoxy films for hot melt prepreg. The effects of film composition, i.e. type and amount of epoxy resin, curing agent and curing catalyst, were investigated to develop a moderate temperature prepreg, and orthogonal experiments were used to investigate the effect of film composition on the curing behaviour of the epoxy resin film, and to determine the optimal formulation. The most favourable formulation film was cured at 100 °C for 2 h, and its curing degree was characterised by FTIR spectroscopy.
31
Yang, Ming, Wen Yun Sui, Yan Qin, and Yu Jing Nie. "Study on Recycling of Waste Styrofoam for Adhesive." Advanced Materials Research 181-182 (January 2011): 975–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.181-182.975.
Full textAbstract:
Styrofoam has been widely used as an insulator and inpackaging. The disposal of these products creates environmental pollution because of their nondegradable nature. In this paper, a new formulation for recycling waster styrofoam which used for binder is introduced. Some additives, such as rosin resin, phenolic resin, isocyanate and dibutyl phthalate was reacted with styrofoam to produce high performance adhesive. Influences of reaction parameters, such as temperature, time, and additives amount was investigated by orthogonal experiment. Experimental results showed that the amount of rosin and phenolic resin is the biggest influence factor on the reaction. The optimized formulation was rosin (8-10) %, phenolic resin (8-10) %, isocyanate 10%, BPO 2%, DBP 10%. Under the optimum conditions, peel strength of obtained binder reaches 1.056 kN/m, which is higher than that of commerical milky glue.
32
Kamarudin, Nuruldiyanah, Dayang Radiah Awang Biak, Zurina Zainal Abidin, Francisco Cardona, and Salit Mohd Sapuan. "Rheological Study of Phenol Formaldehyde Resole Resin Synthesized for Laminate Application." Materials 13, no. 11 (June 5, 2020): 2578. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma13112578.
Full textAbstract:
Heat explosions are sometimes observed during the synthesis of phenol formaldehyde (PF) resin. This scenario can be attributed to the high latent heat that was released and not dissipated leading to the occurrence of a runaway reaction. The synthesis temperature and time played important roles in controlling the heat release, hence preventing the resin from hardening during the synthesis process. This study aims to assess the rheological and viscoelasticity behaviors of the PF resin prepared using paraformaldehyde. The prepared PF resin was designed for laminate applications. The rheological behavior of the PF resin was assessed based on the different molar ratios of phenol to paraformaldehyde (P:F) mixed in the formulation. The molar ratios were set at 1.00:1.25, 1.00:1.50 and 1.00:1.75 of P to F, respectively. The rheological study was focused at specific synthesis temperatures, namely 40, 60, 80 and 100 °C. The synthesis time was observed for 240 min; changes in physical structure and viscosity of the PF resins were noted. It was observed that the viscosity values of the PF resins prepared were directly proportional to the synthesis temperature and the formaldehyde content. The PF resin also exhibited shear thickening behavior for all samples synthesized at 60 °C and above. For all PF resin samples synthesized at 60 °C and above, their viscoelasticity results indicated that the storage modulus (G′), loss modulus(G″) and tan δ are proportionally dependent on both the synthesis temperature and the formaldehyde content. Heat explosions were observed during the synthesis of PF resin at the synthesis temperature of 100 °C. This scenario can lead to possible runaway reaction which can also compromise the safety of the operators.
33
Vakhitova, Lyubov, Nadiya Taran, Konstantin Kalafat, Volodymyr Bessarabov, Viktor Shologon, and Svitlana Pridatko. "FIRE PROTECTIVE EFFICIENCY OF INTUMESCENT TYPE EPOXIDE COATING." JOURNAL of Donetsk mining institute, no. 1 (2021): 143–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.31474/1999-981x-2021-1-143-153.
Full textAbstract:
Purpose. The purpose of this work is to study the thermal degradation of epoxy polymers and nanocomposites based on them in a fire retardant intumescent coating having a composition – ammonium polyphosphate / melamine / pentaerythritol. Methods. Thermogravimetric studies have been performed on the device “Thermoscan-2”, fire tests were performed by the method of “Bunsen burner”. Results. The influence of the structure of epoxy resin as a polymer component of the intumescent system on oxidative thermal destruction and fire retardant efficiency of reactive coating has been researched. The obtained results allow us to state that the best result has been demonstrated by Araldite GY 783 – epoxy resin of bisphenols A/F with a reactive solvent. The thermal properties of various epoxy resins and nanocomposites based on them with organomodified montmorillonite have been studied. It was found that montmorillonite in the nanocomposite increases the decomposition temperature of epoxy resin. Scientific novelty. It has been shown that the variation of the polymer component of the intumescent coating has little effect on the swelling rate, but the fire retardant efficiency of the intumescent composition containing epoxy resin of bisphenols A/F is higher than the same characteristic for the composition based on epoxy resin of bisphenol A. It has been established that the exclusion of pentaerythritol from the formulation of the epoxy intumescent system causes the formation of a more regular and durable char insulation layer. It has been proved that the use of additional, including nanostructured flame retardants, namely, modified montmorillonite, can increase the fire retardant efficiency of the coating. Practical significance. The obtained results are of practical importance for the development of new scientific approaches to the design of fire-fighting materials with improved performance characteristics through the use of polymers that provide the construction of a thermostable thermal insulation char layer. Through a series of systematic tests, it has been demonstrated that the use of nanoclay and nanocomposites based on epoxy resins allows to improve the formulations of intumescent coatings with high performance with the help of budget nanotechnologies.
34
Guo, Wen Lu, Zhi Ming Jin, and Cai Hua Gao. "Study on Formulation for Epoxy Acrylic Hybrid Emulsion." Advanced Materials Research 524-527 (May 2012): 1715–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.524-527.1715.
Full textAbstract:
The epoxy acrylate emulsion was made by hybrid emulsion polymerization. This method has simple technology, none solvent and friend to the environment. The epoxy acrylate hybrid emulsion was prepared by using core-shell emulsion polymerization technology. The factors, such as epoxy resin, emulsifier ,initiator and functional monomer, were investigated by the orthogonal experiment. The relation of interactional factors was confirmed, and one kind of steady emulsion was made. The best formulation condition of modified emulsion could be obtained when N-MA was 1%, MAA was 2%, emulsifier was 3%, epoxy resin was 6%, initiator was 0.6%. The structure of modified styrene acrylic hybrid emulsion was characterized by FT-IR, the peaks at 915cm-1 and 1251cm-1 correspond respectively to the motion of epoxy group and phenylate, so the graft polymer was confirmed.
35
Zhang, Xin Yu. "Material Properties and Optimization Design of Tennis Adhesive Formations." Advanced Materials Research 1046 (October 2014): 8–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.1046.8.
Full textAbstract:
By studying the effects of reinforcing system, tackifier, vulcanization system and solvent on properties of tennis ball adhesive (of which the main material is NR), the purpose of this article is to achieve the optimized design for adhesive formulations of tennis ball. Optimized formulation is: NR100, carbon black N220 of 30, zinc oxide of 8.3, stearic acid of 2.2, phenolic tackifying resin of 3, accelerator CZ/D of 1.5/1 and sulfur of 3. Using this formulation could make the obtained adhesive with good properties, and accordingly make the finished balls with excellent adhesive properties and air-tightness as well as meet the design requirements.
36
do Nascimento Santos, Mariana Julie, Guilherme Luiz de Oliveira Neto, Ana Raquel Carmo de Lima, Nívea Gomes Nascimento de Oliveira, Raimundo Pereira de Farias, Renata Pereira Ramos, and Antonio Gilson Barbosa de Lima. "Resin Radial and Isothermal Infiltration in Fibrous Media: A New Mathematical Formulation." Defect and Diffusion Forum 400 (March 2020): 123–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/ddf.400.123.
Full textAbstract:
The objective of this work is to describe the fluid flow in porous media including the sorption term of the fluid by the fibers. The study has been applied to the manufacture of fiber-reinforced polymer composites by resin transfer molding, giving emphasis to radial resin infiltration in a one-dimensional approach. The mass conservation equation and Darcy’s law are presented and the solution of the governing equation is obtained. The advanced mathematical modeling includes the effect of fluid sorption by the porous media. Predicted flow front results and resin pressure fields within the mold during the injection process are presented, and the effects of the sorption term, injection pressure and fibrous medium permeability analyzed.
37
Vinayagamoorthy, R., and G. Venkatakoteswararao. "Synthesis and property analysis of green resin-based composites." Journal of Thermoplastic Composite Materials 33, no. 10 (February 20, 2019): 1429–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0892705719828783.
Full textAbstract:
The research on polymeric composites is always in the stage of enhancing the properties. Several researches have been explored in recent decades to investigate the behaviour of both man-made fibre and bio-fibre-reinforced composites. In all these works, an artificial polymeric resin has been utilized as the matrix and it has been revealed that though they provide competent properties, the composites are partially degradable. To enhance the degradability to the fullest extent, both the reinforcements and the matrix must be biodegradable and this could be achieved only if both are derived from natural sources. During the synthesis of a bio-resin, a series of treatments must be followed to make it in to a usable form. The present work addresses a comprehensive survey about various bio-resins, their applications, various synthesis methods followed and the challenges faced during incorporation of reinforcement during composite formulation. The work also gives a clear picture on the challenges faced during characterization of green resin-based composites.
38
Gong, Ying, Bei Qing Huang, and Xian Fu Wei. "Comprehensive Research into the Influence of Resin on Properties of Environmentally Friendly Water-Based Ink." Applied Mechanics and Materials 525 (February 2014): 15–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.525.15.
Full textAbstract:
As printing technology advances, environmentally friendly consumable printing materials have been explored. Water-based ink has become a new research hotspot due to its printability and environmental friendliness. Resin is an important part of water-based ink which functions as the carrier of the pigments. Its performance directly affects the printability of the ink. In order to obtain optimal ink formulation, different resins were applied and tested. This paper emphatically analyzes and discusses: (a) different resins and its performance in water-based covering ink; (b) cultivate an evaluation and rating system of resins applied. The water-based ink does not contain volatile organic compounds (VOC), which makes it to the benefit of environment protection and sustainable development.
39
Bontorim, Francisco Carlos, Milton Carlos Kuga, Sabrina Spinelli Cioffi, Marcus Vinicius Reis Só, Gisele Faria, and Jefferson Ricardo Pereira. "Effect of two formulations of 10% sodium ascorbate on fracture resistance of endodontically treated tooth submitted to dental bleaching with hydrogen peroxide associated titanium dioxide nanoparticles." Journal of Research in Dentistry 2, no. 1 (February 28, 2014): 13. http://dx.doi.org/10.19177/jrd.v2e1201413-21.
Full textAbstract:
PURPOSE: This study evaluated the effect of 10% sodium ascorbate (10SA), in gel (10SAg) or aqueous solution (10SAs) formulations, on fracture resistance of endodontically treated tooth submitted to dental bleaching procedures with 15% hydrogen peroxide associated with titanium dioxide (15HP-TiO2) nanoparticles and photoactivated by LED-laser. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Forty maxillary premolars were endodontically-treated and embedded in acrylic resin up to the cement-enamel junction. The specimens were divided into four groups (n=10): G1 (negative control): no bleaching, coronal access restored with composite resin; G2 (positive control): three dental bleaching sessions using 15HP-TiO2 and LED-laser photoactivation and restored with composite resin (positive control); G3 (10SAg): similar procedures to G2, but applied 10SA, in gel formulation, for 24 hours before restoration; G4 (10SAs): similar procedures to G3, but applied 10SA, in aqueous solution formulation. The 15HP-TiO2 was applied on buccal and lingual surfaces of the crown tooth and inside the pulp chamber and photoactivated by LED-laser. Between each bleaching session, the teeth were maintained in artificial saliva, at 37oC, for 7 days. In sequence, the teeth were submitted to fracture resistance testing using an eletromechanical machine test. The data was analyzed using Kruskal Wallis test (p = 0.05) RESULTS: There are no differences significant among the groups in relation to fracture resistance of endodontically treated teeth (p>0.05). CONCLUSIONS: The use of 10% sodium ascorbate, in gel or aqueous solution formulations, did not interfered on the fracture resistance teeth after dental bleaching using 15HP-TiO2 and LED-laser photoactivation.
40
Muñoz, Carlos A., Anna Torrado, Manuel Valiente, Wu Zhang, and Yiming Li. "Remineralization Potential of a New Toothpaste Formulation: An In-Vitro Study." Journal of Contemporary Dental Practice 5, no. 1 (2004): 18–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.5005/jcdp-5-1-18.
Full textAbstract:
Abstract The aim of the present study was to determine the ability of a dentifrice containing a mixture of ion-exchange resins (named NMTD), which supplies calcium, fluoride, phosphate, and zinc ions, to promote remineralization and/or inhibit demineralization of dental human enamel in a pH cycling model in vitro. A fluoride toothpaste was used as the control. The enamel specimens were tested for microhardness before and after 10 days and 16 days of the demineralizing and remineralizing treatments. The results of this study showed both dentifrices were effective in limiting in vitro enamel demineralization although the effects were not significantly different from each other. Inclusion of calcium and phosphate ion-exchange resins in the dentifrice containing a fluoride ion-exchange resin maintained a similar net outcome of the conventional dentifrice in the demineralization/ remineralization process under the experimental conditions employed. Citation Torrado A, Valiente M, Zhang W, et. al. Remineralization Potential of a New Toothpaste Formulation: An In-Vitro Study. J Contemp Dent Pract 2004 February;(5)1:018-030.
41
Fu, Ye, Wencai Wang, Liqun Zhang, Vladimir Vinokurov, Anna Stavitskaya, and Yuri Lvov. "Development of Marine Antifouling Epoxy Coating Enhanced with Clay Nanotubes." Materials 12, no. 24 (December 13, 2019): 4195. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma12244195.
Full textAbstract:
An antifouling epoxy resin doped with natural clay nanotubes that are loaded with biocide or silver allowed extended protection against the proliferation of marine microorganisms. Compared to the 2–3 months of protection with antifoulant dichlorooctylisothiazolone (DCOIT) directly admixed into epoxy resin, the DCOIT release time of the halloysite formulations was extended to 12 months by incorporating biocide-loaded nanoclay in the polymer matrix. The protective properties of the epoxy-halloysite nanocomposites showed much less adhesion and proliferation of marine bacteria Vibrio natriegens on the resin surface after a two-month exposure to seawater than the coating formulations directly doped with non-encapsulated DCOIT. The coating formulation protection efficiency was further confirmed by twelve-month shallow field tests in the South China Sea. Replacing 2 wt.% biocide in the traditional formula with DCOIT-loaded natural environmentally friendly halloysite clay drastically improved the antifouling properties of the epoxy coating, promising scalable applications in protective marine coating. The antifouling property of epoxy resin was enhanced with silver particles synthesized on halloysite nanotubes. A natural mixture of MnO particles and halloysite could also be used as a nonbiocide additive to marine coating. The short-term White Sea water test of epoxy coating with 5% of Ag-halloysite composite of MnO-halloysite natural mixture showed no visible fouling.
42
Fahim Ansari, Mohammad, Gautam Sarkhel, Dipendra Nath Goswami, and Bangali Baboo. "Coating properties of shellac modified with synthesised epoxidised-novolac resin." Pigment & Resin Technology 43, no. 5 (August 26, 2014): 314–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/prt-06-2013-0111.
Full textAbstract:
Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to improve the properties of shellac by blending with epoxidised novolac resin for its use as coating material for metal surfaces. Design/methodology/approach – Epoxidised-novolac resin was synthesised by epoxidation of novolac resin, which in turn was synthesised by reaction of phenol with formaldehyde. The epoxidised-novolac resin was blended with different weight ratios of shellac ranging 10-50 weight per cent with an interval of 10 weight per cent. Films of the blends were studied for different coating properties using standard procedure. Findings – Significant improvement in coating properties of shellac such as gloss, scratch hardness and impact resistance was observed on blending with epoxidised novolac resin. Resistance towards water and alkali increased, while acid resistance decreased, with the increase in concentration of epoxidised novolac resin in the blends. Contact angle measurement revealed that blends showed more resistance towards polar solvent than non-polar ones. Research limitations/implications – Epoxidised-novolac resin used in the study was synthesised of epoxy equivalent of 187. Epoxidised-novolac resin of different epoxy equivalent can also be synthesised and used for blending and studying the properties. Practical implications – Blending of shellac with epoxidised-novolac resin improved the coating properties of shellac, which was further enhanced with the treatment of butylated melamine formaldehyde resin. The formulation can be used as coating material for metal surfaces. Originality/value – Blending of shellac with epoxidised-novolac resin was done for the first time. The formulation can be utilised for developing coating material for metal surfaces.
43
Yong, Virginia, and H. Thomas Hahn. "Monodisperse SiC/vinyl ester nanocomposites: Dispersant formulation, synthesis, and characterization." Journal of Materials Research 24, no. 4 (April 2009): 1553–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1557/jmr.2009.0176.
Full textAbstract:
A novel dispersant “mono-2-(methacryloyloxy)ethyl succinate” was formulated for dispersing 30-nm SiC nanoparticles in vinyl ester resin. The eight carbon rule was used as the guideline to achieve a particle–particle separation of 20 to 60 nm for colloid stability. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy was performed to characterize the SiC particle surfaces. Only a negligible amount of oxidized layer was observed; which illustrates that the SiC surface is basic. Thus, the Lewis base-Lewis acid reactions make the functional group –COOH an effective adsorbate to the SiC nanoparticle surface. The organofunctional group “methacrylates,” which exhibits the best wet strength with polyester copolymerizes with styrene monomers in the vinyl ester during cure. Hence, this novel dispersant also acts as an efficient coupling agent that reacts with both SiC and vinyl ester. The monolayer coverage dosage of 62 fractional wt% of the dispersant was used to attain the minimum filled resin viscosity. The multicomponent compositional imaging using atomic force microscopy confirmed the monodisperse SiC nanoparticles in vinyl ester. The 3 vol% SiC reinforced vinyl ester achieved a 75% increase in modulus, 42% increase in strength, and 75% increase in toughness as compared with the neat resin without nanofiller reinforcement.
44
Geng, Xinglian, James Deng, and Shu Yin Zhang. "Paper mill sludge as a component of wood adhesive formulation." Holzforschung 61, no. 6 (November 1, 2007): 688–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/hf.2007.112.
Full textAbstract:
Abstract Three major types of paper mill sludge, primary sludge (PS), secondary sludge (SS) and de-inking paper sludge (DPS) were characterized and evaluated as adhesive fillers. Plywood panels were made of formulations with phenol formaldehyde (PF) and sludges. Panels with PF/PS and PF/SS formulations had higher dry and wet shear strengths than those made with PF/Cocob® formulation. All wood failure values were comparable. Dry and wet shear strengths of the panels with PF/DPS formulation were comparable to those of the PF/Cocob® panels (with Cocob® as a commercial filler), but the former displayed a much lower wood failure value. Owing to this fact and its high ash content, DPS was not evaluated further as a potential component of adhesive formulations. Compared with SS, PS resulted in higher dry and wet shear strengths and higher wood failure values. However, granular SS was easier to disperse into the resin component than fibrous PS, and the PF/SS formulation was more easily dispensed on aspen veneer sheets than the PF/PS formulation. SS alone displayed adhesive properties with 0.87 MPa of dry shear strength, but PS alone did not exhibit any bond strength. PS and SS were further evaluated for their general thermal behavior and major functional groups using differential scanning calorimetry and Fourier transform infrared spectrometry, respectively.
45
Vyas, Jigar, Kapil Daxini, and Jitendra Patel. "Formulation and Characterization of Moxifloxacin Nanoparticles with Ion Exchange Resin." Journal of Drug Delivery and Therapeutics 10, no. 1-s (February 15, 2020): 51–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.22270/jddt.v10i1-s.3853.
Full textAbstract:
Moxifloxacin (MOX) is a fluoroquinolone anti-infective drug, indicated for the treatment of bacterial conjunctivitis. The drug is soluble in water but still produces low ocular bioavailability due to biological barriers and so it requires dosing for two/three times a day. The present study was designed to formulate, optimize and characterize polymeric Nanoparticles MOX for ocular administration using Ion Exchange Resin (IER). IER-nanoparticles were prepared by media milling method, formulation/process parameters were optimized based on evaluation parameters such as color of nanosuspension, sedimentation behaviour, particle size and zeta potential. MOX-IER nanosuspensions were prepared at different stoichiometric ratio of MOX and IER and characterized by entrapment efficiency, pH, particle size and zeta potential of nanosuspension. In vitro release study of optimized batch MNIER3 exhibited sustained release pattern which follows Korsmeyer-Peppas model with Fickian diffusion mechanism for drug release. Based on these results optimized batch of MOX-IER nanosuspension formulated in the laboratory was found suitable for ocular delivery.
Keywords: Moxifloxacin; nanoparticles, nanosuspension; media milling; stoichiometric ratio; sedimentation behaviour.
46
Tu, Jianwei, Kamran Makarian, Nicolas J. Alvarez, and Giuseppe R. Palmese. "Formulation of a Model Resin System for Benchmarking Processing-Property Relationships in High-Performance Photo 3D Printing Applications." Materials 13, no. 18 (September 16, 2020): 4109. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma13184109.
Full textAbstract:
A well-defined resin system is needed to serve as a benchmark for 3D printing of high-performance composites. This work describes the design and characterization of such a system that takes into account processability and performance considerations. The Grunberg–Nissan model for resin viscosity and the Fox equation for polymer Tg were used to determine proper monomer ratios. The target viscosity of the resin was below 500 cP, and the target final Tg of the cured polymer was 150 °C based on tan-δ peak from dynamic mechanical analysis. A tri-component model resin system, termed DA-2 resin, was determined and fully characterized. The printed polymer exhibited good thermal properties and high mechanical strength after post-cure, but has a comparatively low fracture toughness. The model resin will be used in additive manufacturing of fiber reinforced composite materials as well as for understanding the fundamental processing–property relationships in light-based 3D printing.
47
Musanje, L., J. L. Ferracane, and L. L. Ferracane. "Effects of resin formulation and nanofiller surface treatment onin vitro wear of experimental hybrid resin composite." Journal of Biomedical Materials Research Part B: Applied Biomaterials 77B, no. 1 (2006): 120–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jbm.b.30400.
Full text
48
Musanje, Lawrence, and Jack L. Ferracane. "Effects of resin formulation and nanofiller surface treatment on the properties of experimental hybrid resin composite." Biomaterials 25, no. 18 (August 2004): 4065–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.biomaterials.2003.11.003.
Full text
49
Satheeshkumar, V., and R. Ganesh Narayanan. "Investigation on the influence of adhesive properties on the formability of adhesive-bonded steel sheets." Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part C: Journal of Mechanical Engineering Science 228, no. 3 (May 9, 2013): 405–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0954406213488727.
Full textAbstract:
The main aim of this research work is to study the influence of adhesive properties on the formability of adhesive-bonded steel sheets. The adhesive properties were varied by having two different adhesives, epoxy based and acrylic based, and by changing the hardener to resin ratios. The deep drawing quality cold rolled steel and stainless steel (SS 316L) sheets were used as base materials. The epoxy and acrylic adhesives show improved elongation with increase in hardener to resin ratio. This is because of changeover of resin-rich formulation to hardener-rich formulation, making the sample more ductile. The adhesive-bonded blanks show improved elongation as compared to double sheets, which is due to the presence of adhesive delaying the onset of necking. With increase in hardener to resin ratio of both the adhesives, the elongation of individual sheets has improved. This is due to the improvement in elongation of adhesives with increase in hardener to resin ratio. The strain hardening exponent ( n) of adhesive-bonded blanks has improved with increase in hardener to resin ratio in all the regions of deformation. The limit strain of deep drawing quality and SS 316L sheets constituting adhesive-bonded blanks shows improvement with increase in hardener to resin ratio. The adhesive-bonded blanks with interface bonding exhibit better limit strain as compared to the case without interface bonding.
50
Ansari, Mohammad Fahim, and Gautam Sarkhel. "Improving coating properties of shellac–epoxidised-novolac blends with melamine formaldehyde resin." Pigment & Resin Technology 46, no. 2 (March 6, 2017): 92–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/prt-02-2016-0022.
Full textAbstract:
Purpose The purpose of this study is to improve the coating properties of shellac–epoxidised novolac blends by treatment with melamine formaldehyde resin (MF) at ambient temperature for its use as a coating material. Design/methodology/approach Epoxidised-novolac resin was synthesised by epoxidation of novolac resin with epichlorohydrin. Novolac resin was synthesised by reaction of phenol with formaldehyde in acidic medium. Shellac was blended with the epoxidised-novolac resin in solution in varying ratios and treated the blends with MF resin in fixed ratio. Coating properties of the treated compositions were studied using a standard procedure. The compositions were characterised with Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) and scanning electron microscopic (SEM) spectroscopy. Findings Treatment of shellac–epoxidised-novolac blends with MF resin improved water and alkali resistance of the blends, besides enhancing gloss. Gloss in all the blends was uniformly increased on treatment with MF resin. Water resistance of the blends tremendously improved after treatment with MF resin. Contact angle of the blends against water increased while decreased against ethylene glycol and dioxane. The compositions were more resistant to polar solvent than non-polar ones, suggesting that the compositions shifted to hydrophobic (lipophilic) nature on treatment with the MF resin. Research limitations/implications A specified concentration of MF resin was used in the study. Different concentrations of the MF resin can also be tried for treatment of shellac–epoxidised-novolac blends to see the effect of the resin on the blends. Practical implications Treatment of shellac–epoxidised-novolac blend with MF resin improved the coating properties of the blends. The formulation SeNB-64 is the best with high gloss, good impact, scratch hardness and water resistance, and hence can be used as coating material for metal surfaces. Originality/value Blending of shellac with epoxidised-novolac resin and treatment of the blends with the MF resin was done for the first time. The formulation SeNB-64 can be used as coating material for metal surfaces.