Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Resin Transfer Molding (RTM)'
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Louisy, Elodie. "Synthèse de composites à matrice polylactide par procédé RTM (Resin Transfer Molding)." Thesis, Lille 1, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019LIL1R037/document.
Full textThis study deals with the development of polylactide based composites by RTM (Resin Transfer Molding). It focuses on the in-situ ring opening polymerization (ROP) of L-lactide in the RTM process in order to obtain, in a single step, a composite with a biobased, biodegradable and biocompatible matrix, presenting a good impregnation of the fibers by the matrix for a high reinforcement rate. First, preliminary mass polymerization tests (solvent-free) of L-lactide in flasks at the gram scale and in the absence of reinforcement were carried out. These experiments enable to choose the initial conditions enabling to reach high molecular mass PLLA matrices (Mn = 70 000 - 100 000 g.mol-1) containing the lowest residual L-lactide content (conversions up to 90 %). These characteristics are indeed essential to reach optimal thermomechanical properties of the PLLA matrix, suitable for composite applications. Polymerization tests on a gram scale in the presence of fibers of different kinds have then been carried out in order to evaluate their influence on the polymerization. Woven glass fibers display the least influence (conversion and molecular masses up to 90% and 70 000 g.mol-1, respectively). The experimental conditions determined above have been first transposed and adjusted for the production by RTM of polylactide/glass fiber composites obtained from L-lactide catalyzed by tin octoate. The RTM process was optimized by varying different experimental parameters such as the monomer mass, catalyst concentration, fiber quantity, tank heating, injection pressure and mold pressure and temperature. The physico-chemical and mechanical properties of the composites obtained were also studied. PLLA/glass fiber composites display conversions up to 95% and molar masses of up to 80 000 g.mol-1. The RTM conditions show no influence on the thermal (Tg = 50 °C; Tf = 170 °C) and structural (crystallization in the α phase) properties of the polylactide matrix. In addition, the tensile strength and Young's modulus of those composites can reach 200 MPa and 6 GPa respectively. The last part concerns the production of PLLA matrix composites by RTM process in the presence of catalysts presenting lower toxicity than tin octoate, the catalyst used industrially for the polymerization of L-lactide. Catalysts based on titanium, zinc, magnesium and calcium were consequently studied, but only the zinc catalyst leads to a material suitable for composite application (conversion and Mn up to 90% and 30 000 g.mol-1). Although the resulting mechanical properties are lower than those obtained with the tin catalyst (σ = 93 MPa and E = 3,3 GPa).Finally, the use of recycled fibers as the reinforcement instead of glass fibers was also studied in the presence of tin octoate. Although the high conversions (95-98%) and molar masses (Mn up to 60 800 g.mol-1) have been achieved, the resulting mechanical properties are much lower than those obtained in the presence of glass fibers (σ = 65 MPa and E = 2,2 GPa)
Louisy, Elodie. "Synthèse de composites à matrice polylactide par procédé RTM (Resin Transfer Molding)." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université de Lille (2018-2021), 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019LILUR037.
Full textThis study deals with the development of polylactide based composites by RTM (Resin Transfer Molding). It focuses on the in-situ ring opening polymerization (ROP) of L-lactide in the RTM process in order to obtain, in a single step, a composite with a biobased, biodegradable and biocompatible matrix, presenting a good impregnation of the fibers by the matrix for a high reinforcement rate. First, preliminary mass polymerization tests (solvent-free) of L-lactide in flasks at the gram scale and in the absence of reinforcement were carried out. These experiments enable to choose the initial conditions enabling to reach high molecular mass PLLA matrices (Mn = 70 000 - 100 000 g.mol-1) containing the lowest residual L-lactide content (conversions up to 90 %). These characteristics are indeed essential to reach optimal thermomechanical properties of the PLLA matrix, suitable for composite applications. Polymerization tests on a gram scale in the presence of fibers of different kinds have then been carried out in order to evaluate their influence on the polymerization. Woven glass fibers display the least influence (conversion and molecular masses up to 90% and 70 000 g.mol-1, respectively). The experimental conditions determined above have been first transposed and adjusted for the production by RTM of polylactide/glass fiber composites obtained from L-lactide catalyzed by tin octoate. The RTM process was optimized by varying different experimental parameters such as the monomer mass, catalyst concentration, fiber quantity, tank heating, injection pressure and mold pressure and temperature. The physico-chemical and mechanical properties of the composites obtained were also studied. PLLA/glass fiber composites display conversions up to 95% and molar masses of up to 80 000 g.mol-1. The RTM conditions show no influence on the thermal (Tg = 50 °C; Tf = 170 °C) and structural (crystallization in the α phase) properties of the polylactide matrix. In addition, the tensile strength and Young's modulus of those composites can reach 200 MPa and 6 GPa respectively. The last part concerns the production of PLLA matrix composites by RTM process in the presence of catalysts presenting lower toxicity than tin octoate, the catalyst used industrially for the polymerization of L-lactide. Catalysts based on titanium, zinc, magnesium and calcium were consequently studied, but only the zinc catalyst leads to a material suitable for composite application (conversion and Mn up to 90% and 30 000 g.mol-1). Although the resulting mechanical properties are lower than those obtained with the tin catalyst (σ = 93 MPa and E = 3,3 GPa).Finally, the use of recycled fibers as the reinforcement instead of glass fibers was also studied in the presence of tin octoate. Although the high conversions (95-98%) and molar masses (Mn up to 60 800 g.mol-1) have been achieved, the resulting mechanical properties are much lower than those obtained in the presence of glass fibers (σ = 65 MPa and E = 2,2 GPa)
Sas, Hatice Sinem. "Modeling Of Particle Filled Resin Impregnation In Compression Resin Transfer Molding." Master's thesis, METU, 2010. http://etd.lib.metu.edu.tr/upload/12612158/index.pdf.
Full textAkgul, Eralp. "Effects Of Mold Temperature And Vacuum In Resin Transfer Molding." Master's thesis, METU, 2006. http://etd.lib.metu.edu.tr/upload/2/12607952/index.pdf.
Full text, 40º
, 60º
, 80º
, 100º
, and 120º
C), two initial resin temperatures (15º
and 28º
C), and vacuum (0.03 bar) and without vacuum (~1 bar) conditions were used. Specimens were characterized by using ultrasonic (C-Scan) inspection, mechanical tests (Tensile, Flexural, Impact), thermal analyses (Ignition Loss, TGA) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). It was generally observed that mechanical properties of the specimens produced with a mold temperature of 60º
C were the best (e.g. 16%, 43%, and 26% higher tensile strength, Charpy impact toughness and flexural strength values, respectively). When vacuum was not applied, the percentage of &ldquo
voids&rdquo
increased leading to a decrease in mechanical properties such as 26% in Charpy impact toughness and 5% in tensile and flexural strength. Lower initial resin temperature also decreased mechanical properties (e.g. 14% in tensile strenght and 18% in Charpy impact toughness).
Cioffi, Maria Odila Hilário. "Resina epóxi reforçada com tecido de carbono não dobrável por processo RTM /." Guaratinguetá : [s.n.], 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/106718.
Full textBanca: Maysa Furlan
Banca: Sergio Frascino Muller de Almeida
Banca: Durval Rodrigues Junior
Banca: Paulo Roberto Mel
Resumo: Com o objetivo de ganhar competitividade no mercado internacional e contribuir para o desenvolvimento tecnológico no país, o presente trabalho apresenta a técnica de processamento de moldagem por transferência de resina (RTM), utilizada na fabricação de materiais compósitos estruturais e ainda pouco estudada no Brasil. Os compósitos processados por essa técnica apresentam maior fração volumétrica de fibras, melhor acabamento superficial e pouca ou nenhuma necessidade de acabamento do componente produzido. Este trabalho compreende a caracterização de compósitos produzidos com resina epóxi monocomponente RTM6 e o tecido não dobrável de fibra de carbono. Os compósitos produzidos pela Hexcel Composites foram analisados pela técnica de ultrassom C-Scan e os resultados mostraram que os laminados processados estão homogêneos quanto à impregnação. Ensaios mecânicos mostram que os laminados com tecido apresentam características comparáveis à dos compósitos produzidos em autoclave com maiores porcentagens de reforço. Em fadiga, os laminados apresentaram um alto e curto intervalo, com tensões próximas à de tração. Quanto ao comportamento térmico observou-se melhora nas propriedades com a adição do reforço de fibras de carbono, que promoveram o aumento da temperatura de transição vítrea (Tg). Quanto ao comportamento viscoelástico, foi observado a influencia da temperatura e freqüência no material. Considerando as propriedades mecânicas e térmicas, ambos os compósitos foram classificados como adequados à aplicação proposta.
Abstract: Aiming at gaining competitiveness on international market and contribute with technological development in the country, this work presents a processing technique of resin transfer molding (RTM), used to manufacture structural composites that Brazilian researches have yet few background. Composites processed by this method have a higher volume fraction of fibers, better surface finish, and requires little or none surface finish of the final component. This work includes the characterization of composites made with RTM6 monocomponent epoxy resin and carbon non-crimp fabric (NCF). Composites produced by Hexcel Composites were analyzed by C-scan ultrasound technique, which showed a homogeneous impregnation of the processed panels. Mechanical tests showed that RTM composites properties are comparable to those of autoclaving composites with higher fiber volume fraction. In fatigue, composites showed high and short interval, close to ultimate tensile strength (UTS), with an interval between 60-75% of UTS. Regarding the thermal behavior, it was observed an improvement in properties with the addition of carbon fiber reinforcement, which caused an increase in Tg. In regard to the viscoelastic behavior, it was observed the temperature and frequency influence on the material. Considering these mechanical and thermal properties, both composites are considered suitable for the application proposal.
Jung, Yeonhee. "An efficient analysis of resin transfer molding process using extended finite element method." Phd thesis, Saint-Etienne, EMSE, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00937556.
Full textMiskbay, Onur Adem. "Process Characterization Of Composite Structures Manufactured Using Resin Impregnation Techniques." Master's thesis, METU, 2009. http://etd.lib.metu.edu.tr/upload/12610351/index.pdf.
Full textResin Transfer Molding (RTM), Light RTM (LRTM), Vacuum Assisted RTM (VARTM) and Vacuum Packaging (VP). Throughout the study a different packaging method was developed and named Modified Vacuum Packaging (BP). The mechanical properties of composite plates manufactured are examined by tensile tests, compressive tests, in-plane shear tests and their thermal properties are examined by Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC) and Thermo Gravimetric Analysis (TGA) tests. All tests were performed according to suitable ASTM standards. The performance of specimens from each process was observed to vary according to the investigated property
however the VP process showed the highest performance for most properties. For most of the tests, VARTM, LRTM and RTM methods were following VP process in terms of performance, having close results with each other.
Agogué, Romain. "Analyse expérimentale et numérique de la fabrication de pièces composites par le procédé RTM." Phd thesis, Université d'Orléans, 2011. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00628046.
Full textNguyen, Van-Hau. "Characterization and modeling of flax fiber reinforced composites manufacturing by resin transfer molding process." Thesis, Lille 1, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014LIL10156.
Full textThis thesis presents an experimental characterization of flax fiber and a modeling of the resin flow during the resin transfer molding process with flax preform. The change of diameter of flax fiber filament immersed in different test liquids was characterized using optical microscope. The sorption rate of the resin mass into the fiber filament immersed in the test liquids was also experimentally characterized using centrifuge test. A new permeability model was proposed to predict the permeability taking into account the fiber swell effect, regardless of test liquid and the model was validated by a comparison with the experimental measurement data. The wetting properties of flax fiber in contact with different test liquids were measured by capillary rise test using flax fiber yarn and a new model was established to obtain surface tension and contact angle by considering the fiber swell effect and the liquid sorption into the fiber filament. The unsaturated resin flow in the flax fiber preform was modeled by modifying the conventional mass conservation equation and Darcy’s law in order to take into account the effects of fiber swell and liquid sorption. The mass rate absorbed into the fiber and the change of fiber volume were considered as sink terms in the mass conservation equation. The permeability change due to the fiber swell was modeled in terms of time of fiber’s immersion in liquid. In particular, the sink term and permeability were considered as spatially and temporally non-uniform in the flow model. The proposed model was validated by a comparison with the experimental measurement of flow advancement in the flax fiber preform
Häffelin, Daniel [Verfasser]. "Verfahren zur Integration von Folien in den RTM-Prozess (resin transfer molding) für endlosfaserverstärkte Schalenteile / Daniel Häffelin." München : Verlag Dr. Hut, 2017. http://d-nb.info/1137023708/34.
Full textAaboud, Bouchra. "Modélisation et simulation de la formation, la compression et le transport des bulles d'air en milieux fibreux à double échelle de pores : application au procédé RTM." Thesis, Le Havre, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016LEHA0023/document.
Full textThis work covers the problematic of air bubbles entrapped during manufacturing composite parts via the RTM process. Modeling creation, compression, and transport of this type of defaults is presented here. Likewise, a new approach of air bubble’s creation, transport modeling, simulation of porosities at dual scale of pores, and estimation of the final saturation of the preform are given
Lonné, Sébastien. "Modélisation de la propagation ultrasonore dans les matériaux composites obtenus par le procédé de fabrication RTM (Resin Transfer Molding)." Bordeaux 1, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003BOR12751.
Full textThe Resin Transfer Molding process for manufacturing composite materials is used to produce parts of complex shape. During the ultrasonic examination of such parts, attenuation is measured to characterize possible porosity content (a potential defect in this material). However, strong variation of attenuation is observed including on sound plates. The present study aims at explaining this by developing a model for ultrasonic propagation and attenuation in such parts which complex micro-structure exhibits a multiple-scale aspect. An original model has been developed to predict attenuation at the elementary scale of an unidirectional layer of Carbon fibers in an epoxy matrix. It couples multiple-scattering by fibers and viscoelastic losses phenomena. It has been experimentally validated and applies to arbitrary two-phase fiber reinforced composites whatever the fiber volume fraction. At the upper scale of a ply made of several elementary layers of various orientations, the anisotropic behavior of ultrasonic waves and their attenuation are obtained by a homogenization procedure. An actual plate is made of several plies separated by pure resin layers. Plies and layers thicknesses are highly variable. A statistical study has been conducted to evaluate the influence of these geometrical variations on the ultrasonic transmission predicted by a model derived from Thomson-Haskell formalism. Ultrasonic attenuation variability practically observed is quantitatively reproduced and explained as resulting from the geometrical irregularity of the microstructure
Lonné, Sébastien. "Modélisation de la propagation ultrasonore dans les matériaux composites obtenus par le procédé de fabrication RTM (resin transfer molding) /." [Gif-sur-Yvette] : [CEA Saclay, Direction des systèmes d'information], 2004. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb39209790v.
Full textMouton, Serge. "Intégration des contraintes d’industrialisation des pièces en matériaux composites pour l’aide à la décision en conception préliminaire appliquée au procédé RTM." Thesis, Bordeaux 1, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010BOR14029/document.
Full textIntegrating industrialization constraints of composite materials into preliminary design is a major challenge for companies in terms of competitiveness, and is part of a sustainable development approach. Work on capturing and formatting industry knowledge has helped develop a design optimization strategy. This strategy is based on multidisciplinary rules, and estimates the technical and economic performance of an industrialization solution. This estimate is based on the evaluation of failure risk of component assembly, level of functional integration and manufacturing cost. The definition of the best alternative is obtained by comparing solution performances, relying on decision support methods and tools. The failure risk is estimated from differences between the characteristics of the part manufactured by Resin Transfer Molding Process (RTM) and the nominal part (CAD). The following characteristics of the manufactured part are taken into account: ? - geometric deviations, ? - characteristic mechanical deviations. In the aviation industry, some structural composite parts are manufacture by RTM. In this type of manufacture, the mechanical properties of the component are directly related to the level of preform impregnation. In this thesis, the impregnation defects are identified as volumic impregnation deviations. These deviations have the effect of altering the mechanical properties of material. Estimated volume impregnation deviations are obtained by analysing the results of the finite element simulation of resin flow into the fibrous reinforcement (software Pam RTM ®). The part geometry obtained using the RTM process differs from the nominal geometry, with the deviation due partly to differences between the physical components of the composite material. The geometric variations in the manufactured part are identified as geometric manufacturing deviations. These geometric deviations are offset, in the assembly phase, by deformations due to contact with adjacent parts, which generate a state of mechanical stress within the part. The mechanical stress state is quantified from a finite element thermomechanical simulation carried out using the Samcef ® software. Decision support is based on the combined study of the state of mechanical stress due to the compensation of geometric deviations and the incidence of volume impregnation deviations on the mechanical properties of the part. Three criteria are used to estimate the failure risk of the assembled component: a composite materials failure criterion quantifies failure risk; the other two criteria, taking into account the impregnation defects, increase the failure risk. To facilitate interpretation of results and the solution comparison phase, the failure risk is represented by mapping. Depending on the coupling values of the criteria, optimizing the design and/or industrialization is proposed. An evaluation of the level of functional integration and manufacturing cost complete the decision support process
Samet, Naïm. "Évaluation ultrasonore des propriétés d'une résine et détection de porosité à l'aide d'un transducteur multiéléments : application aux matériaux composites en cours de fabrication." Le Havre, 2012. https://theses.hal.science/tel-00786143/document.
Full textThe experimental studies conducted in the LOMC on the manufacturing of composite materials by use of the RTM (Resin Transfer Molding) process, show the appearance of bubbles at different scales, during the diffusion of the resin into the fiber matrix. They move during the process, a few are absorbed; others persist and alter the overall quality of the finished product. The subject of this thesis is to study the appearance of bubbles along fibers enclosed in a production channel. The liquid front is followed as it moves by ultrasound techniques. The appearance and the evolution of the bubbles are related, through these measures, to the processes that generate them in order to try and find improvements to the fabrication techniques. The bubbles are detected by signals processing and their evolution is followed in the flow path of the resin. Three main parts are discussed in this thesis: in the first part the behavior of ultrasonic waves interacting with the resin during polymerization is studied. The conditions for bubbles detection within the resin, by use of a phased array transducer, are discussed in the second part. The last part presents the monitoring of the evolution of the bubbles in the composite material during the manufacturing process was also performed. The aim is to quantify the concentration of bubbles relative to the rate amount of fiber and resin. In perspective, imaging techniques using the Doppler effect or nonlinear ultrasonic properties could be considered. The development of control techniques of NDT (Nondestructive Evaluation) during the production of composite materials is to should lead to a better understanding of the phenomena and to complete the feeding of the databases used in numerical simulations
Waris, Marc. "Mise en œuvre, instrumentation, validation et modélisation d’un système d’injection RTM pour la fabrication de structures composites de hautes performances." Thesis, Saint-Etienne, EMSE, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012EMSE0661/document.
Full textA significant growth in production and consumption of composite materials can be seen recently; growth reinforced by the new European standards, aimed at reducing CO2 emissions by the year 2020.The producing of complex parts can cause many difficulties for manufacturing because of their geometries and / or their constituents (using of various materials). For example, dry zones or geometric distortion formation. The origins of these difficulties are often related to a lack of knowledge and control of the reinforcement's impregnation phases and material curing.Improving the robustness of the processes demands a detailed knowledge of physical phenomena that occur during the producing. For this, we studied the composite materials production through the implementation of a laboratory demonstrator in the project LCM Smart. This pilot injection was used to validate instrumentation solutions, from innovative sensors (OFS) developed in partnership with the optical laboratory Hubert Curien. The application of this instrumentation in the context of RTM process monitoring in the development of simple parts has demonstrated the capabilities of OFS to control physical characteristics of the part (the flow front, temperature, residual strain and curing degree). The comparison of the measured characteristics with numerical simulations carried out in collaboration with ESI showed a good correlation.Finally, instrumentation has demonstrated the capacity of composite tool made by HexTool to minimize the residual stresses due to the tool/part interaction
Häffelin, Daniel [Verfasser], Klaus [Akademischer Betreuer] [Gutachter] Drechsler, and Volker [Gutachter] Altstädt. "Verfahren zur Integration von Folien in den RTM-Prozess (resin transfer molding) für endlosfaserverstärkte Schalenteile / Daniel Häffelin ; Gutachter: Klaus Drechsler, Volker Altstädt ; Betreuer: Klaus Drechsler." München : Universitätsbibliothek der TU München, 2017. http://d-nb.info/1133261914/34.
Full textCazaux, Guillaume. "Faisabilité des procédés LCM pour l'élaboration de composites renfort continu à matrice thermoplastique polyamide." Thesis, Le Havre, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016LEHA0010/document.
Full textThe present work is a contribution to the thermoplastic composites manufacturing by a non-reactive Liquid Composite Molding process for the automotive industry. The thesis was carried out by the « ANR TAPAS » project (Thermoplastic Process for Automotive Composite Structure) and was focused on the elaboration of continious-fiber reinforced composites plates injected with a high-fluidity polyamide 6,6 (PA 6,6) by the Resin Transfer Molding process. The first goal was focused on increasing injection rates through the study of the in-plane permeability of unidirectional (UD) glass fiber fabrics with high mechanical modulus (HM). Experiments and modelling results showed that the permeability of these UD has been enhanced by modifying specific structural parameters of their architecture. The analytical model developped and used is based on a flow distribution according two differents scales of porosity : in and inter-yarns. The second part of the work was focused on the understanding of phenomenas that take place at the interface created between glass fiber and the matrix during the impregnation step. The wettability and adhesion of molten PA 6,6 dropped on a glass substrate is studied at different processing temperature. The last part introduce the thermoplastic composite plates elaborated by RTM-TP process. The optimum operating conditions as well as preforms saturation and mechanical properties are also studied and discussed
Lecointe, Damien. "Caractérisation et simulation des processus de transferts lors d'injection de résine pour le procédé RTM." Phd thesis, Université de Nantes, 1999. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00528926.
Full textWaris, Marc. "Mise en œuvre, instrumentation, validation et modélisation d'un système d'injection RTM pour la fabrication de structures composites de hautes performances." Phd thesis, Ecole Nationale Supérieure des Mines de Saint-Etienne, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00849584.
Full textWendling-Hivet, Audrey. "Simulation à l'échelle mésoscopique de la mise en forme de renforts de composites tissés." Thesis, Lyon, INSA, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013ISAL0079.
Full textNowadays, manufacturers, especially in transport, are increasingly interested in integrating composite parts into their products. These materials have, indeed, many benefits, among which allowing parts mass reduction when properly operated. In order to manufacture these parts, several methods can be used, including the RTM (Resin Transfer Molding) process which consists in forming a dry reinforcement (preform) before a resin being injected. This study deals with the first stage of the RTM process, which is the preforming step. It aims to implement an efficient strategy leading to the finite element simulation of fibrous reinforcements at mesoscopic scale. At this scale, the fibrous reinforcement is modeled by an interlacement of yarns assumed to be homogeneous and continuous. Several steps are then necessary and therefore considered here to achieve this goal. The first consists in creating a 3D geometrical model of unit cells as realistic as possible. It is achieved through the implementation of an iterative strategy based on two main properties. On the one hand, consistency, which ensures a good description of the contact between the yarns, that is to say, the model does not contain spurious spaces or interpenetrations at the contact area. On the other hand, the variation of the yarn section shape along its trajectory that enables to stick as much as possible to the evolutive shape of the yarn inside the reinforcement. Using this tool and a woven architecture freely implementable by the user, a model representative of any type of reinforcement (2D, interlock) can be obtained. The second step consists in creating a 3D consistent hexahedral mesh of these unit cells. Based on the geometrical model obtained in the first step, the meshing tool enables to mesh any type of yarn, whatever its trajectory or section shape. The third step consists in establishing a constitutive equation of the homogeneous material equivalent to a fibrous material from the mechanical behavior of the constituent material of fibers and the structure of the yarn. Based on recent experimental and numerical developments in the mechanical behavior of fibrous structures, a new constitutive law is presented and implemented. Finally, a study of the different parameters involved in the dynamic/explicit scheme is performed. These last two points allow both to a quick convergence of the calculations and approach the reality of the deformation of reinforcements. The entire chain modeling/simulation of fibrous reinforcements at mesoscopic scale created is validated by numerical and experimental comparison tests of reinforcements under simple loadings
Zemni, Lilia. "Étude de la mise en oeuvre de composites thermostables cyanate-ester pour pièces structurales aéronautiques tièdes." Thesis, Ecole nationale des Mines d'Albi-Carmaux, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019EMAC0004/document.
Full textAeronautical parts which operate in high temperature area (300-400°C) are currently made of titanium (aircraft pylon) or composite materials based on epoxy matrix (plenum). In which extent the weight of these pieces could be reduced as well as avoiding their degradation when operating at these working temperature ranges? TACT project (Technologie pour Aérostructures composites Tièdes), overseen by Nimitech Innovation® (Groupe LAUAK), suggests an innovative solution based on the development of high performance composites parts reinforced by carbon fibers (CF) and cyanate ester matrix (CE) through RTM process. The CE resin belongs to the class of high-performance thermosetting polymers and is mainly chosen in this project due to its thermal stability when operating at high temperatures (with a glass transition Tg>300°C), as well as epoxy-like processability. However, the cross-linking reaction exhibits highly exothermic process, resulting in non-linear increase in internal temperature, which may cause a temperature overshoot. The scientific work carried out within this thesis focuses on the problem of overheating of the resin during the highly exothermic polymerization process in the RTM mold. The objective would thus be to control the curing cycle of the composite in order to avoid problems of runaway or degradation during the crosslinking of the matrix. Hence, the thesis is organized as follows: firstly, thermokinetic behavior of CE resin is analyzed during the crosslinking process in order to optimize the curing cycle. Secondly, thermal properties (heat capacity, conductivity, diffusivity) are identified as a function of the conversion degree in order to evaluate the thermal gradient covered by the heat equation making it possible to control the curing along the thickness of the composite. Moreover, the vitrification of the cyanate ester matrix is studied by monitoring the glass transition temperature Tg as a function of the temperature and conversion degree using different methods (DSC, DMA, TMA). Finally, Di-Benedetto model, a vitrification model, is chosen in order to identify the glass transition temperature Tg∞ of a full crosslinked resin
Ghodhbani, Nacef. "Contrôle et suivi des propriétés visco-élastiques d'un composite en cours de fabrication." Thesis, Le Havre, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016LEHA0008/document.
Full textThe developments based on ultrasonic transducers are nowadays numerous in the industrial non-destructive testing (NDT). Used punctually and periodically, the ultrasonic NDT is used for health diagnostics of materials. Ultrasonic characterization in real time allows a physical properties monitoring during the manufacturing of composite materials. In this context, studies are conducted in LOMC in view to optimize the manufacturing process of composite materials using RTM (Resin Transfer Molding) in order to improve the product quality. This work consists to develop ultrasonic methods for the monitoring of viscoelastic properties during the production phase of composites. The viscoelastic properties are studied using theoretical models, numerical simulations and experimental measurements. Calibration studies were carried out to study the influencing factors on the monitoring of ultrasonic properties during the RTM process. The monitoring of viscoelastic parameters of epoxy resins is performed in a first time at low temperature during an isothermal polymerization and a post-curing. Then, an approach based on the transmission mode characterization was developed to study high-temperature behavior. Based on analytical approaches, the electroacoustic response was simulated by Debye series method (DSM). The use of phased array transducers was investigated for the location and sizing of defects during the movement of the carbon fiber in a liquid resin between the molds
Van, den Broek d'Obrenan Ghislain. "Adaptation du procédé RTM (Moulage par Transfert de Résine) à la mise en œuvre de matériaux composites à matrice thermoplastique." Thesis, Lyon, INSA, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011ISAL0112/document.
Full textThe "Resin Transfer Molding" (RTM) process is very largely used for the industrial production of composites materials with thermoset matrix. Indeed, it’s used by many fields such as the automotive and aeronautics. In this work we adapted this process to the manufacture of composite materials with thermoplastic matrix in order to answer the ecological and economic criteria imposed on industries. For that several steps were necessary. The first was the selection of a robust chemistry, adapted to the requirements of the process (low initial viscosity of the reactive system, polymerization time, etc). The selected chemistry, was the ring opening polymerization of ε - caprolactam to obtain polyamide-6 (PA-6). Rhéo-kinetics studies, as well as the physicochemical characterizations of a Pa-6 obtained at the laboratory were carried out. Following this step, tests in conditions of process were carried out with the use of dedicated pilot equipment. These tests were the source of modifications and optimizations of certain parameters of the process. The third step, consisted with the production of composite parts with a reinforcement of the type: unidirectional glass fabric. This production was followed mechanical and physico-chemical tests in order to evaluate the properties of these parts. Various sizing of the glass fabric were studied with, for objective, to determine which to offer the best properties. During this study we observed the low impact of the sizing on the chemistry of PA-6. To finish, we set up a reactive sizing which will allow a better interaction fibre/matrix
Wendling, Audrey. "Simulation à l'échelle mésoscopique de la mise en forme de renforts de composites tissés." Phd thesis, INSA de Lyon, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00961196.
Full textFontanier, Jean-Charles. "Développement d'un système réactif pour composites acryliques par procédé RTM." Thesis, Lyon, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017LYSEI024.
Full textNowadays, polymer matrix composites are widely used for aerospace, automotive, railway and sport industries. For similar structural properties, these materials coul be very attractive since they could be 30 to 40% lighter than metallic counterparts. In the current context of environmental development issues, thermoplastic-based composites, (in our case acrylic matrix based one), can be considered as they can be easily recycled as opposed to thermoset-based ones. Furthermore, they could exhibit good mechanical properties, i.e. stiffness and impact resistance, enabling them to be relevant for many applications. Manufacturing structural composites requires to produce parts without defects having complex geometries. For this purpose Resin Transfer Molding (RTM) has been selected to process such composites. Indeed, it corresponds to a low temperature closed-mold process allowing for manufacturing complex continuous fiber-based-reinforced parts. However, it requires precursors with a very low viscosity (η < 1 Pa.s) to ensure a good impregnation of the dry preform. To be cost effective, fast reactive systems have also to be selected. Thermoplastic polymers which own a very high viscosity in molten state cannot be directly used. Our strategy is to design an acrylic-based reactive formulation exhibiting a very low initial viscosity, i.e. about 100 mPa.s and which can subsequently polymerizes via a free radical mechanism once the mold is filled and the preform fully impregnated. Therefore, our main objective is to optimize curing conditions (especially thermal initiator ratios and temperature) of RTM-compatible acrylic-based reactive formulations to lead to suitable composite parts with high conversion rate, low residual monomer content and relevant process cycles
Cordier, Telmar Aurélie. "Etude de déformabilité de tresses en cours de préformage pour la fabrication de composite par le procédé RTM." Thesis, Orléans, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012ORLE2045/document.
Full textThis study deals with the manufacture of composite parts by the process "Resin Transert Molding" (RTM), applied to thermal protection tubes. This work aims to demonstrate the feasibility of using this method for the production of these complex parts. This study deals with the first step of the RTM process, the fiber performing. This is critical from the standpoint of the feasibility of injecting step that follows in the RTM process but also to ensure the quality of the final composite part obtained. The aim of the thesis is threefold. Must first develop the manufacturing protocol adapted to ensure repeatable obtaining preforms compliant. This protocol should be viable to the industrial point of view. For this purpose, an experimental approach was implemented. A pilot laboratory and an industrial pilot helped to understand and master the phenomena occurring during forming varying the process parameters for the production of many prototypes. A macroscopic model predictive of overall shape folds obtained from the process parameters has been developed with the experimental observations. A mesoscopic model, the scale of the unit cell was also writing. It can predict, based on the specifications of the material and part geometry, the deformation of compaction and shear stresses. These models mesoscopic and macroscopic allow the development of a global tool that, theoretically predictive and ensures the feasibility of a piece of known geometry with a known material parameters and provides the "process" to ensure its optimum manufacturing future. The phenomena of compaction and shear strain appearing on the braid during preforming are identified and known. The manufacturing process is optimized and the predictive tool allows to explore and test upstream change of material, part geometry in manufacturing or industrial specifications
Celle, Pierre. "Couplages fluide / milieu poreux en grandes déformations pour la modélisation des procédés d'élaboration par infusion." Phd thesis, Ecole Nationale Supérieure des Mines de Saint-Etienne, 2006. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00741260.
Full textMtibaa, Mohamed. "Οptimisatiοn de cοuplage Ρrοcédé/Ρrοpriétés/Fiabilité des Structures en Μatériaux Cοmpοsites Fοnctiοnnels." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Normandie, 2024. http://www.theses.fr/2024NORMLH03.
Full textThis research focuses on the challenges and interactions between the manufacturing processes (Resin Transfer Molding ‘RTM’ and Compression Resin Transfer Molding ‘CRTM’), the mechanical properties, and the reliability of composite material structures; more specifically the functional composites. A number of numerical models have been developed for simulating the suspension (resin + particles) impregnation through the fibrous medium (fibers) in the RTM and CRTM processes. These models are validated by comparing their results with experimental, semi-analytical, and analytical ones from the literature. A parametric study is carried out to demonstrate the impact of various process parameters on particles’ distribution in the final composite. Moreover, a comparison between the injection and compression modes is done. The results of this part show that the distribution of particles in the final part depends on the initial concentration, the distance travelled, and the initial fibers’ volume fraction. However, it is independent of the parameters values of injection and compression. It is also observed that the CRTM process with imposed pressure injection and imposed force compression represents the most favorable scenario for producing composite parts.For the purpose of controlling the final particles’ distribution in the composite material, manufactured by the RTM process, two key steps have been identified. The first step consists in a sensitivity analysis that examines three parameters: the temporal evolution of the initial injected particles’ concentration, the injection pressure field and the initial fibers’ porosity. The conclusions indicate a minimal impact of the initial porosity and the injection pressure field; while the evolution of the initial concentration of the injected particles has a dominant effect. In a second step, an optimization algorithm is implemented in the numerical model of the RTM process. It is used to determine the optimal configuration of the initial injected particles’ concentration’s evolution; in order to approximate the particles’ distribution in the final composite to the desired profiles. The obtained results from the genetic algorithm provide a very satisfactory control of this distribution. To complete this section, a model, estimating the mechanical properties of the manufactured part, is developed. It is found that there is a positive correlation between the particles’ fraction and certain mechanical properties, namely the elastic modulus E11 and E22, and the shear modulus G12 and G23. Nevertheless, the Poisson’s ratio (Nu12) is inversely proportional to the particles’ fraction. Also, the shear module G12 is the most significantly influenced by this fraction.Following this, the control of the mechanical properties of the composite parts, manufactured by the CRTM process, is targeted, and compared to the results of the RTM process. The conclusions reveal that the RTM process offers a better control of these properties. Whereas, the CRTM process improves considerably the mechanical properties of the parts due to its compression phase, which increases the fibers’ volume fraction and consequently enhances these properties.Finally, a static analysis is conducted based on the developed numerical model that uses the finite element method (Ansys APDL). This model is combined with those of the CRTM process and the mechanical properties calculation. An optimization algorithm is integrated in our global model to adapt the mechanical properties of the composite part according to the configuration (cantilever or simply supported) and the load distribution. Moreover, it minimizes the composite part’s weight and ensures the respect of the predetermined mechanical constraints such as the maximum deformation limit. The obtained results correspond perfectly to these objectives
Arbter, Rene. "Contribution to robust resin transfer molding /." Zürich : ETH, 2008. http://e-collection.ethbib.ethz.ch/show?type=diss&nr=18108.
Full textRudd, Christopher. "Preform processing for high volume resin transfer moulding (RTM)." Thesis, University of Nottingham, 1989. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.543834.
Full textPerry, Mark Joseph. "Analysis of resin transfer molding: Material characterization, molding and simulation /." The Ohio State University, 1993. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1382637062.
Full textShields, Karen M. "Resin transfer molding with powder-coated preforms." Thesis, Georgia Institute of Technology, 1992. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/17988.
Full textSun, Xiudong. "Analysis of vacuum-assisted resin transfer molding /." The Ohio State University, 1998. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1487950658548618.
Full textSobotka, Vincent. "Optimisation thermique du procédé Resin Transfer Molding." Nantes, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004NANT2094.
Full textStructural composite materials manufactured with continuous reinforcement (either woven or long fibers) are more and more used, notably in the car industries, aeronautical, nautical and sports domains. The Resin Transfer Molding process is a process of composite part manufacture adapted to average production corresponding more and more to those met in car industries. Besides, this process complies with the environmental requirements of solvent release, molding being achieved in closed mold. This work achieved within the framework of the Programs of Research and Innovation in Ground Transport (PREDIT) of the Ministry of National Education associated several academic and industrial partners. It concerned the thermal characterization of composite materials made of unsaturated polyester and glass reinforcements, as well as their transformation. Experimental analyses were carried out by in-situ measures as well as the modelling of the heat transfer in the process. Some new models have been developed and have been validated. A first illustration of a methodology of thermal optimization of the process has been shown
Clark, Paul Nordstrom. "Dissolution of mega-voids in resin transfer molding." Connect to a 24 p. preview or request complete full text in PDF format. Access restricted to UC campuses, 2007. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/ucsd/fullcit?p3244781.
Full textTitle from first page of PDF file (viewed February 23, 2007). Available via ProQuest Digital Dissertations. Vita. Includes bibliographical references (p. 191-194).
Ipek, Hakan. "Modelling Of Resin Transfer Molding For Composites Manufacturing." Master's thesis, METU, 2005. http://etd.lib.metu.edu.tr/upload/12606815/index.pdf.
Full textTrevino, Lisandro. "Mold Filling Analysis of Structural Reaction Injection Molding and Resin Transfer Molding." The Ohio State University, 1990. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1392736921.
Full textNowak, Thomas. "An experimental and numerical investigation of resin transfer molding." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 1996. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/40003.
Full textBarksdale, Rhonda Michelle. "Characterization of PR500 for Use in Resin Transfer Molding." W&M ScholarWorks, 1995. https://scholarworks.wm.edu/etd/1539625975.
Full textSong, Xiaolan. "Vacuum Assisted Resin Transfer Molding (VARTM): Model Development and Verification." Diss., Virginia Tech, 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/27168.
Full textPh. D.
Claus, Steven J. "A cure process model for resin transfer molding of advanced composites." Thesis, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, 1989. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/52082.
Full textMaster of Science
Fingerson, John C. "Verification of a three-dimensional resin transfer molding process simulation model." Thesis, This resource online, 1995. http://scholar.lib.vt.edu/theses/available/etd-01312009-063500/.
Full textKingsley, Philip John. "Dielectric Monitoring and Control of an Automated Resin Transfer Molding Process." W&M ScholarWorks, 1991. https://scholarworks.wm.edu/etd/1539625663.
Full textAl, Omari Ali. "Effect of vacuum level on the vacuum-assisted resin transfer molding process." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1999. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk1/tape8/PQDD_0002/MQ43656.pdf.
Full textUeda, Stephen. "Visualization of the flow in complex shapes made by resin transfer molding." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 1993. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/17314.
Full textSayre, Jay Randall. "Vacuum-Assisted Resin Transfer Molding (VARTM) Model Development, Verification, and Process Analysis." Diss., Virginia Tech, 2000. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/27034.
Full textPh. D.
Short, Christina Kaye. "Characterization of Epoxy Resins for use in the Resin Transfer Molding Process." W&M ScholarWorks, 1993. https://scholarworks.wm.edu/etd/1539625806.
Full textSakka, Aymen. "Investigation of Heat Conduction Through PMC Components Made Using Resin Transfer Moulding." Thèse, Université d'Ottawa / University of Ottawa, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/23508.
Full textPatel, Nirajkumar. "Influence of Processing Variables on Properties of Composites Manufactured by Resin Transfer Molding and Structural Reaction Injection Molding." The Ohio State University, 1991. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1392654484.
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