Journal articles: 'Resin Transfer Molding (RTM)'

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Young, Wen-Bin, and Cheng-Wey Chiu. "Study on Compression Transfer Molding." Journal of Composite Materials 29, no. 16 (November 1995): 2180–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/002199839502901605.

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Resin transfer molding (RTM) finishes the resin impregnation and composite fabrication at the same time. It simplifies the process for composites fabrication and has the advantages of automation, low cost, and versatile design of fiber reinforcement. Therefore, the RTM process is widely used in the architecture, automotive, and aerospace industries. However, in the RTM process, resin must flow through the fiber reinforcement in the planar direction, which, in some cases such as fabrications of large panels, may need a long time for the mold filling. If the part dimension is too large or the fiber permeability is too low, the mold filling process may not be able to complete before the resin gels. Therefore, some modification for the RTM process is necessary in order to reduce the mold filling time. In the compression transfer molding, the mold opens a small gap for the resin to fill in between fiber mats and the mold, and then compresses the fiber reinforcement to be impregnated by the resin in the thickness direction. In this way, since resin is forced into the fiber reinforcements in the thickness direction, the damage of the fibers will be minimized. In addition, the mold filling time will be reduced due to the different flow path of the resin inside the mold. This study explored the possibility of using the compression transfer molding process and also identified the key parameters regarding the process.

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de Oliveira, Iran Rodrigues, Sandro Campos Amico, R. Barcella, and Antônio Gilson Barbosa de Lima. "Application of Calcium Carbonate in Resin Transfer Molding Process." Defect and Diffusion Forum 353 (May 2014): 39–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/ddf.353.39.

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Resin Transfer Molding (RTM) is one of the most widely known composite manufacturing techniques of the liquid molding family, being extensively studied and used to obtain advanced composite materials comprised of fibers embedded in a thermoset polymer matrix. Nowadays, RTM is used by many industrial sectors such as automotive, aerospace, civil and sporting equipment. Therefore, the objective of this study is to verify the effect of calcium carbonate mixed in resin in the RTM process. Several rectilinear infiltration experiments were conducted using glass fiber mat molded in a RTM system with cavity dimensions of 320 x 150 x 3.6 mm, room temperature, maximum injection pressure 0.202 bar and different content of CaCO3 (10 and 40%) with particle size of 75μm. The results show that the use of filled resin with CaCO3 influences the preform impregnation during the RTM molding, changing the filling time and flow from position, however it is possible to make the composite with a good quality and low cost.

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Hori, Masayoshi, Takayuki Nomura, Masaharu Shimakura, Shuichi Takashima, and Eiji Masumoto. "Refinement of resin transfer molding (RTM) method." Advanced Composite Materials 6, no. 3 (January 1997): 255–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/156855197x00120.

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de Oliveira, Iran Rodrigues, Sandro Campos Amico, Jeferson Avila Souza, F. Ferreira Luz, R. Barcella, and Antônio Gilson Barbosa de Lima. "Resin Transfer Molding Process: A Numerical Investigation." Defect and Diffusion Forum 334-335 (February 2013): 193–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/ddf.334-335.193.

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In the processing of high performance composite materials, the RTM process has been widely used by many sectors of the industry. This process consists in injecting a polymeric resin through a fibrous reinforcement arranged within a mold. In this sense, this study aims to simulate the rectilinear infiltration of pure resin and filled resin (40% CaCO3) in a mold with glass fiber preform, using the PAM-RTM commercial software. Numerical results of the filling time and fluid front flow position over time were assessed by comparison with the experimental data and a good accuracy was obtained.

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Geng, Zhi, Shuaishuai Yang, Lianwang Zhang, Zhenzhen Huang, Qichao Pan, Jidi Li, Jianan Weng, et al. "Self-Extinguishing Resin Transfer Molding Composites Using Non-Fire-Retardant Epoxy Resin." Materials 11, no. 12 (December 15, 2018): 2554. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma11122554.

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Introducing fire-retardant additives or building blocks into resins is a widely adopted method used for improving the fire retardancy of epoxy composites. However, the increase in viscosity and the presence of insoluble additives accompanied by resin modification remain challenges for resin transfer molding (RTM) processing. We developed a robust approach for fabricating self-extinguishing RTM composites using unmodified and flammable resins. To avoid the effects on resin fluidity and processing, we loaded the flame retardant into tackifiers instead of resins. We found that the halogen-free flame retardant, a microencapsulated red phosphorus (MRP) additive, was enriched on fabric surfaces, which endowed the composites with excellent fire retardancy. The composites showed a 79.2% increase in the limiting oxygen index, a 29.2% reduction in heat release during combustion, and could self-extinguish within two seconds after ignition. Almost no effect on the mechanical properties was observed. This approach is simple, inexpensive, and basically applicable to all resins for fabricating RTM composites. This approach adapts insoluble flame retardants to RTM processing. We envision that this approach could be extended to load other functions (radar absorbing, conductivity, etc.) into RTM composites, broadening the application of RTM processing in the field of advanced functional materials.

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Sun, Zeyu, Jie Xiao, Lei Tao, Yuanping Wei, Shijie Wang, Hui Zhang, Shu Zhu, and Muhuo Yu. "Preparation of High-Performance Carbon Fiber-Reinforced Epoxy Composites by Compression Resin Transfer Molding." Materials 12, no. 1 (December 20, 2018): 13. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma12010013.

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To satisfy the light weight requirements of vehicles owing to the aggravation of environmental pollution, carbon-fiber (CF)-reinforced epoxy composites have been chosen as a substitute for traditional metal counterparts. Since the current processing methods such as resin transfer molding (RTM) and compression molding (CM) have many limitations, an integrated and optimal molding method needs to be developed. Herein, we prepared high-performance composites by an optimized molding method, namely compression resin transfer molding (CRTM), which combines the traditional RTM and CM selectively and comprehensively. Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and rotational rheometry were performed to optimize the molding parameters of CRTM. In addition, metallurgical microscopy test and mechanical tests were performed to evaluate the applicability of CRTM. The experimental results showed that the composites prepared by CRTM displayed superior mechanical properties than those of the composites prepared by RTM and CM. The composite prepared by CRTM showed up to 42.9%, 41.2%, 77.3%, and 5.3% increases in tensile strength, bending strength, interlaminar shear strength, and volume fraction, respectively, of the composites prepared by RTM. Meanwhile, the porosity decreased by 45.2 %.

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Li, Wei Dong, Gang Liu, Xiao Lan Hu, Xue Feng An, Xiang Yu Zhong, Ye Li, and Xiao Su Yi. "The Processing Characteristics and Mechanical Properties of Semi-Prepreg RTM Composites." Advanced Materials Research 721 (July 2013): 153–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.721.153.

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A novel semi-prepreg resin transfer molding (RTM) process was developed to address difficulties associated with RTM process and to improve the mechanical properties of the resulting composites. Unidirectional semi-prepregs exhibiting relatively good overlay characteristics were prepared via prepolymerization of bismaleimide resin followed by wet winding. The processing characteristics and mechanical properties of composites fabricated via semi-prepreg RTM technology were compared with those of composites produced using a normal-prepreg compression molding process. Experimental results showed that the laminates fabricated by the semi-prepreg RTM process were of better internal quality and had superior mechanical properties as compared with laminates fabricated by the normal-prepreg compression molding process.

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de Oliveira, Iran Rodrigues, Sandro Campos Amico, Jeferson Avila Souza, and Antônio Gilson Barbosa de Lima. "Resin Transfer Molding Process: A Numerical Analysis." Defect and Diffusion Forum 353 (May 2014): 44–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/ddf.353.44.

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This work aims to investigate the infiltration of a CaCO3filled resin using experiments and the PAM-RTM software. A preform of glass fiber mat, with dimensions 320 x 150 x 3.6 mm, has been used for experiments conducted at room temperature, with injection pressure of 0.25bar. The resin contained 10 and 40% CaCO3content with particle size 38μm. The numerical results were evaluated by direct comparison with experimental data. The flat flow-front profile of the rectilinear flow was reached approximately halfway the length of the mold. It was observed, that the speed of the filling decreases with increasing CaCO3content and,the higher the amount of CaCO3in the resin, the lower the permeability of the reinforcement that is found. The reduction in permeability is due to the presence of calcium carbonate particles between the fibers, hindering the resin flow in the fibrous media. The computational fluid flow analysis with the PAM-RTM proved to be an accurate tool study for the processing of composite materials.

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Rau, A. V., S. A. Srinivasan, J. E. McGrath, and A. C. Loos. "Resin transfer molding (RTM) with toughened cyanate ester resin systems." Polymer Composites 19, no. 2 (April 1998): 166–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pc.10088.

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de Oliveira, Iran Rodrigues, Sandro Campos Amico, F. Ferreira Luz, R. Barcella, V. M. França Bezerra, and Antônio Gilson Barbosa de Lima. "Effect of CaCO₃Content in Resin Transfer Molding Process." Defect and Diffusion Forum 334-335 (February 2013): 188–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/ddf.334-335.188.

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Composite material can be defined as a combination of two or more materials on a macroscale to form a useful material, often showing properties that none of the individual independent components shows. Resin Transfer Molding (RTM) is one of the most widely known composite manufacturing technique of the liquid molding family, being extensively studied and used to obtain advanced composite materials comprised of fibers embedded in a thermoset polymer matrix. This technique consists in injecting a resin pre-catalysed thermosetting in a closed mold containing a dry fiber preform, where the resin is impregnated. The aim of this study is to investigate the effect caused by the use of CaCO3filled resin on the characteristics of the RTM process. Several experiments were conducted using glass fiber mat and polyester resin molded in a RTM system with cavity dimensions of 320 x 150 x 3.6 mm, at room temperature, and different CaCO3content (0, 10, 20, 30 and 40% in weight). The results show that the use of filled resin with CaCO3influences the resin viscosity and the porous media permeability, making it difficult to fill the porous media during the molding process, however it is possible to make composite with a good quality and low cost.

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Falaschetti, Maria Pia, Francesco Rondina, Nicola Zavatta, Lisa Gragnani, Martina Gironi, Enrico Troiani, and Lorenzo Donati. "Material Characterization for Reliable Resin Transfer Molding Process Simulation." Applied Sciences 10, no. 5 (March 6, 2020): 1814. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app10051814.

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Resin transfer molding (RTM) technologies are widely used in automotive, marine, and aerospace applications. The need to evaluate the impact of design and production critical choices, also in terms of final costs, leads to the wider use of numerical simulation in the preliminary phase of component development. The main issue for accurate RTM analysis is the reliable characterization of the involved materials. The aim of this paper is to present a validated methodology for material characterization to be implemented and introduce data elaboration in the ESI PAM-RTM software. Experimental campaigns for reinforcement permeabilities and resin viscosity measurement are presented and discussed. Finally, the obtained data are implemented in the software and then compared to experimental results in order to validate the described methodology.

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Li, Weidong, Zhengzheng Ma, Pengfei Shen, Chuyang Luo, Xiangyu Zhong, Shicai Jiang, Weihua Bai, Luping Xie, Xiaolan Hu, and Jianwen Bao. "Preparation and Validation of a Longitudinally and Transversely Stiffened Panel Based on Hybrid RTM Composite Materials." Materials 16, no. 14 (July 21, 2023): 5156. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma16145156.

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In the face of the difficulty in achieving high-quality integrated molding of longitudinally and transversely stiffened panels for helicopters by resin-matrix composite materials, we combine the prepreg process and the resin transfer molding (RTM) process to propose a hybrid resin transfer molding (HRTM) for composite stiffened panel structures. The HRTM process uses a mixture of prepreg and dry fabric to lay up a hybrid fiber preform, and involves injecting liquid resin technology. Using this process, a longitudinally and transversely stiffened panel structure is prepared, and the failure modes under compressive load are explored. The results show that at the injection temperature of the RTM resin, the prepreg resin dissolves slightly and has little effect on the viscosity of the RTM resin. Both resins have good miscibility at the curing temperature, which allows for the overall curing of the resin. A removable box core mold for the HRTM molding is designed, which makes it convenient for the mold to be removed after molding and is suitable for the overall molding of the composite stiffened panel. Ultrasonic C-scan results show that the internal quality of the composite laminates prepared using the HRTM process is good. A compression test proves that the composite stiffened panel undergoes sequential buckling deformation in different areas under compressive load, followed by localized debonding and delamination of the skin, and finally failure due to the fracture of the longitudinal reinforcement ribs on both sides. The compressive performance of the test specimen is in good agreement with the finite element simulation results. The verification results show that the HRTM process can achieve high-quality integrated molding of the composite longitudinally and transversely stiffened panel structure.

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Kim, Kim, Hwang, and Kim. "Embedded Based Real-Time Monitoring in the High-Pressure Resin Transfer Molding Process for CFRP." Applied Sciences 9, no. 9 (April 29, 2019): 1795. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app9091795.

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Carbon Fiber Reinforced Plastics (CFRP) is a material developed for its high strength and light weight in a broad variety of industries including aerospace, automotive, and leisure. Due to the rapid molding cycle time, high-pressure resin transfer molding (HP-RTM) processes are prone to molding defects and susceptible to various process variables such as the resin injection rate, pressure and temperature in the mold, vacuum, end-gap, pressing force, and binder. In recent years, process monitoring technology with various sensors has been applied to stabilize the HP-RTM process and control process variables. The field-programmable gate array (FPGA) based embedded monitoring system proposed in this study enabled high-speed real-time signal processing with multiple sensors, namely pressure, temperature, and linear variable differential transformer (LVDT), and proved feasibility in the field. In the HP-RTM process, the impregnation and curing of the resin were predicted from the cavity pressure and temperature variations during the injection and curing stages. In addition, the thickness of the CFRP specimen was deduced from the change in the end-gap through the detection of the LVDT signal. Therefore, the causes of molding defects were analyzed through process monitoring and the influence of molding defects on the molding quality of CFRP was investigated.

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Shojaei, Akbar, and A. Spah. "A Theoretical Analysis on Resin Injection/Compression Molding." Key Engineering Materials 334-335 (March 2007): 209–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.334-335.209.

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In the present investigation, mold filling process of resin injection/compression molding (RI/CM) is compared with resin transfer molding (RTM) for simple mold geometry. To do this, analytical solutions are obtained for RI/CM in unidirectional flow. Based on the analytical solutions, flow front progression and pressure distribution are compared with RTM at different fiber content. The results indicate that the RI/CM reduces the mold filling time significantly, particularly for composite parts with higher fiber content.

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do Nascimento Santos, M. J., and A. G. Barbosa de Lima. "Manufacturing Fiber-Reinforced Polymer Composite Using RTM Process: An Analytical Approach." Defect and Diffusion Forum 380 (November 2017): 60–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/ddf.380.60.

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The Resin Transfer Molding process (RTM) has been widely used for manufacturing of high performance components in aerospace and automotive industries. It is an economical and faster method when compared to open molding process because it allows the molding of complex parts with constant thickness, dimensional precision, good surface finishing and an excellent control of mechanical properties. In this sense, this work aims to study theoretically the manufacture process of polymeric composites reinforced with fibers via resin transfer molding. The governing equations of conservation of mass and momentum, and Darcy's law are presented, and the exact solution of the problems is obtained via method of separation of variables. Predicted results of the flow front and the pressure fields of the resin inside the model during the injection process are presented, compared with experimental data and analyzed. It was verified a good agreement between the results.

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Tari, M. J., J. P. Imbert, M. Y. Lin, A. S. Lavine, and H. T. Hahn. "Analysis of Resin Transfer Molding With High Permeability Layers." Journal of Manufacturing Science and Engineering 120, no. 3 (August 1, 1998): 609–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.2830165.

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In resin transfer molding (RTM) a high permeability layer (HPL) is placed on top of the fiber mat lay-up to reduce mold filling time and increase the ultimate distance resin can be drawn into the mold. HPL’s are particularly useful in vacuum bag resin transfer molding (VBRTM), where driving pressures are relatively low. When compared to traditional closed mold RTM, VBRTM has the advantages of low capital costs and short start up time. The goal of the current research is to investigate how an HPL can be used to improve quality and process efficiency for parts of complex geometry made by both conventional and vacuum bag RTM. As a first step towards this goal, the effect of the HPL on the flow field has been studied through analysis, experiment and simulation. As expected, the use of the HPL creates a transverse (i.e., top-to-bottom) flow in the fiber mat, facilitating mold filling. The thickness of the HPL has been varied to determine the effects on the flow front. The experimental results validate the capability of the simulation to model two-dimensional flow in a porous medium with heterogeneous permeability.

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SHIMADA, Yasuhiro, Ryosuke MATSUZAKI, and Akiyuki TAKAHASHI. "Numerical Simulation of Molding-Defect Formation during Resin Transfer Molding." Journal of the Japan Society for Composite Materials 41, no. 5 (2015): 176–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.6089/jscm.41.176.

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Rubino, Felice, and Pierpaolo Carlone. "A Semi-Analytical Model to Predict Infusion Time and Reinforcement Thickness in VARTM and SCRIMP Processes." Polymers 11, no. 1 (December 24, 2018): 20. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym11010020.

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In liquid composite molding processes, such as resin transfer molding (RTM) and vacuum assisted resin transfer molding (VARTM), the resin is drawn through fiber preforms in a closed mold by an induced pressure gradient. Unlike the RTM, where a rigid mold is employed, in VARTM, a flexible bag is commonly used as the upper-half mold. In this case, fabric deformation can take place during the impregnation process as the resin pressure inside the preform changes, resulting in continuous variations of reinforcement thickness, porosity, and permeability. The proper approach to simulate the resin flow, therefore, requires coupling deformation and pressure field making the process modeling more complex and computationally demanding. The present work proposes an efficient methodology to add the effects of the preform compaction on the resin flow when a deformable porous media is considered. The developed methodology was also applied in the case of Seeman’s Composite Resin Infusion Molding Process (SCRIMP). Numerical outcomes highlighted that preform compaction significantly affects the resin flow and the filling time. In particular, the more compliant the preform, the more time is required to complete the impregnation. On the other hand, in the case of SCRIMP, the results pointed out that the resin flow is mainly ruled by the high permeability network.

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Pico, Diego, Samir Machado, Juan Meza, and Jimy Unfried-Silgado. "RESIN FLOW ANALYSIS DURING FABRICATION OF COCONUT MESOCARP FIBER-REINFORCED COMPOSITES USING VARTM PROCESS." International Journal of Modern Manufacturing Technologies 15, no. 1 (June 20, 2023): 51–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.54684/ijmmt.2023.15.1.51.

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Resin transfer molding process (RTM) has recently emerged in liquid composite moulding process (LCM) industry. RTM consists in polymeric resin injection into a closed mold containing a pre-arranged reinforcement material. In this work, the resin flow inside a rectangular mold (310´310´7 mm3) during the fabrication of coconut mesocarp fiber-reinforced composites using vacuum-assisted resin transfer molding (VARTM) was simulated. A computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) analysis was performed in ANSYS® FLUENT using a volume of fluid (VOF) method and Darcy's law. The process was simulated for fiber volumetric fraction (xf) contents of 5%, 10%, 15% and 25%. Results showed that for percentages of reinforcement content higher than 25%, air trapping and incomplete filling of the mold occur. Simulated filling times were in acceptable agreement with the values obtained experimentally.

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Porto, J. Da S., M. Letzow, E. D. Dos Santos, S. C. Amico, J. A. Souza, and L. A. Isoldi. "COMPUTATIONAL MODELING OF RTM AND LRTM PROCESSES APPLIED TO COMPLEX GEOMETRIES." Revista de Engenharia Térmica 11, no. 1-2 (December 31, 2012): 93. http://dx.doi.org/10.5380/reterm.v11i1-2.62007.

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Light Resin Transfer Molding (LRTM) is a variation of the conventional manufacturing process known as Resin Transfer Molding (RTM). In general terms, these manufacturing processes consist of a closed mould with a preplaced fibrous preform through which a polymeric resin is injected, filling the mold completely, producing parts with complex geometries (in general) and good finish. Those processes differ, among other aspects, in the way that injection occurs. In the RTM process the resin is injected through discrete points whereas in LRTM it is injected into an empty channel (with no porous medium) which surrounds the entire mold perimeter. There are several numerical studies involving the RTM process but LRTM has not been explored enough by the scientific community. Based on that, this work proposes a numerical model developed in the FLUENT package to study the resin flow behavior in the LRTM process. Darcy’s law and Volume of Fluid method (VOF) are used to treat the interaction between air and resin during the flow in the porous medium, i.e. the mold filling problem. Moreover, two three-dimensional geometries were numerically simulated considering the RTM and LRTM processes. It was possible to note the huge differences about resin flow behavior and filling time between these processes to manufacture the same parts.

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Zhao, Selina, William R. Rodgers, Bradley Frieberg, and Golam Newaz. "Study of flow-induced fiber in-plane deformation during high pressure resin transfer molding." Journal of Composite Materials 55, no. 15 (January 11, 2021): 2103–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0021998320987600.

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High Pressure Resin Transfer Molding (HP-RTM) is a new variant of composite Resin Transfer Molding (RTM) process that enables a short cycle time and a high composite strength to weight ratio, thus presents a great potential for fabricating automotive structural parts. Due to the high injection pressure, fiber-tow washout is becoming one of the major defects which impact the properties of composite materials. To predict and mitigate the fiber-tow washout problem, approaches of both experimental process optimization and computational prediction are essential. In this paper, an experimental study of fiber-tow washout is undertaken to determine the flow injection limits beyond which the preform deformation can be observed at various fiber volume fractions. A feasibility map is developed for a specific fabric and resin combination. It provides a means to determine the injection rates and fiber volume fractions to fabricate a quality part with minimal in-plane fiber washout due to the hydrodynamically flow-induced force during the HP-RTM process.

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Shi, Fei, and Xiang-Huai Dong. "Numerical study of resin transfer molding (RTM) curing process." Frontiers of Materials Science in China 4, no. 2 (May 4, 2010): 217–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11706-010-0028-x.

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Sales, Rita de Cássia Mendonça, Silas Rodrigo Gusmão, Ricardo Francisco Gouvêa, Thomas Chu, José Maria Fernandez Marlet, Geraldo Maurício Cândido, and Maurício Vicente Donadon. "The temperature effects on the fracture toughness of carbon fiber/RTM-6 laminates processed by VARTM." Journal of Composite Materials 51, no. 12 (November 25, 2016): 1729–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0021998316679499.

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The increasing use of composite in the aircraft industry has raised the interest for a better understanding of the failure process in these materials, which can be also influenced by the manufacturing process of the laminate. Some materials used in vacuum assisted resin transfer molding process have been studied in the open literature but very few data have been published for resin transfer molding-6 epoxy based laminates, in particular studies showing the influence of the temperature on the interlaminar fracture behavior of this type of laminates. The aim of this article is to investigate the interlaminar fracture behavior of resin transfer molding-6 based carbon composite laminates manufactured by vacuum assisted resin transfer molding subjected to Modes I and II at 25℃ and 80℃. The results show the influence of the temperature on the interlaminar fracture toughness of composites and provide a database to design composite aerostructures subjected to temperatures commonly experienced in civil aviation. The fracture aspects of the tested laminates were also investigated and directly related to the trend in results found for the fracture toughness values.

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Chang, Chih-Yuan, and Hung-Jie Lin. "Unsaturated polyester/E-glass fiber composites made by vacuum assisted compression resin transfer molding." Journal of Polymer Engineering 32, no. 8-9 (December 1, 2012): 539–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/polyeng-2012-0071.

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Abstract A variant process incorporating the method of bag compression into resin transfer molding (RTM), called vacuum assisted compression RTM (VACRTM), has been developed to reduce the cycling period and improve the quality of the part. The process utilizes a flexible bag placed between the upper mold and the preform compared with RTM. By controlling the stretchable bag, the resin is easily introduced into the cavity filled with a loose preform. Then, ambient pressure is applied on the bag that compacts the preform and drives the resin through the remaining dry preform. The objective of this research is to explore the simplified VACRTM feasibility and investigate the effects of process variables, including resin temperature, resin infusion pressure, mold cavity height and cure temperature, on the mechanical strength of the part, by applying Taguchi’s method. The results show that VACRTM has advantages in terms of its being an easy and good seal among mold parts and the the lack of a need to clean the upper mold. The resin infusion pressure is a significant variable for improvement of the mechanical strength of the part. Optimal VACRTM reduces the filling time by 58% and increases the flexural strength by 10%, as compared with typical vacuum assisted RTM (VARTM).

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Trochu, F., and R. Gauvin. "Some Issues about the Numerical simulation of Mold Filling in Resin Transfer Molding." Advanced Composites Letters 1, no. 1 (January 1992): 096369359200100. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/096369359200100111.

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The resin impregnation of the fibrous reinforcement in resin transfer molding (RTM) is usually modeled as a flow through a porous medium (Darcy's law). In our model, Darcy equation is solved numerically at each time step using non-conforming finite elements on a fixed grid.

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Yu, Sicong, Xufeng Zhang, Xiaoling Liu, Chris Rudd, and Xiaosu Yi. "A Conceptional Approach of Resin-Transfer-Molding to Rosin-Sourced Epoxy Matrix Green Composites." Aerospace 8, no. 1 (December 28, 2020): 5. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/aerospace8010005.

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In this concept-proof study, a preform-based RTM (Resin Transfer Molding) process is presented that is characterized by first pre-loading the solid curing agent onto the preform, and then injecting the liquid nonreactive resin with an intrinsically low viscosity into the mold to infiltrate and wet the pre-loaded preform. The separation of resin and hardener helped to process inherently high viscosity resins in a convenient way. Rosin-sourced, anhydrite-cured epoxies that would normally be regarded as unsuited to liquid composite molding, were thus processed. Rheological tests revealed that by separating the anhydrite curing agent from a formulated RTM resin system, the remaining epoxy liquid had its flowtime extended. C-scan and glass transition temperature tests showed that the preform pre-loaded with anhydrite was fully infiltrated and wetted by the liquid epoxy, and the two components were diffused and dissolved with each other, and finally, well reacted and cured. Composite laminates made via this approach exhibited roughly comparable quality and mechanical properties with prepreg controls via autoclave or compression molding, respectively. These findings were verified for both carbon and ramie fiber composites.

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Huang, Zheng Min, So Yun Lee, Hyung Min Kim, Jae Ryoun Youn, and Young Seok Song. "Permeability analysis of non-crimp fabrics for resin transfer molding." Polymers and Polymer Composites 27, no. 7 (May 16, 2019): 429–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0967391119848279.

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Resin transfer molding (RTM) is one of the most common processes for producing fiber-reinforced polymer composites. Permeability tensor of the fiber preform is a key material property for satisfactory RTM process. Therefore, it is necessary to acquire a precise permeability tensor from simulation and experiment. In this study, the creeping flow simulation was carried out to obtain the flow field in a unit cell, and Darcy’s law was utilized to compute the permeability tensor. The unit cell for the non-crimp fabrics was defined and constructed, and the permeability was analyzed in the axial, transverse, and thickness directions. The effect of shifted preform layers was also evaluated for more realistic permeability tensor. The predicted and measured results were compared with respect to the fiber volume fraction, fabric pattern, and stacking structure.

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Caydamli, Yavuz, Klaus Heudorfer, Jens Take, Filip Podjaski, Peter Middendorf, and Michael R. Buchmeiser. "Transparent Fiber-Reinforced Composites Based on a Thermoset Resin Using Liquid Composite Molding (LCM) Techniques." Materials 14, no. 20 (October 14, 2021): 6087. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma14206087.

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In this study, optically transparent glass fiber-reinforced polymers (tGFRPs) were produced using a thermoset matrix and an E-glass fabric. In situ polymerization was combined with liquid composite molding (LCM) techniques both in a resin transfer molding (RTM) mold and a lite-RTM (L-RTM) setup between two glass plates. The RTM specimens were used for mechanical characterization while the L-RTM samples were used for transmittance measurements. Optimization in terms of the number of glass fabric layers, the overall degree of transparency of the composite, and the mechanical properties was carried out and allowed for the realization of high mechanical strength and high-transparency tGFRPs. An outstanding degree of infiltration was achieved maintaining up to 75% transmittance even when using 29 layers of E-glass fabric, corresponding to 50 v.% fiber, using an L-RTM setup. RTM specimens with 44 v.% fiber yielded a tensile strength of 435.2 ± 17.6 MPa, and an E-Modulus of 24.3 ± 0.7 GPa.

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Louisy, Elodie, Fabienne Samyn, Serge Bourbigot, Gaëlle Fontaine, and Fanny Bonnet. "Preparation of Glass Fabric/Poly(l-lactide) Composites by Thermoplastic Resin Transfer Molding." Polymers 11, no. 2 (February 15, 2019): 339. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym11020339.

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This study reports the first example of the production of polylactide composites prepared by Thermoplastic Resin Transfer Molding (T-RTM) via in situ bulk polymerization of l-lactide (l-LA) after injection in a closed mold containing glass fabrics. Tin octoate Sn(Oct)2 was used as the catalyst and first evaluated at the lab-scale in the experimental conditions required in the tank and in the mold of the RTM device. The reactions were then upscaled in the RTM in the absence of reinforcement to ensure the feasibility of the process (transfer and polymerization). Finally, poly-l-lactide (PLLA)-based composites with glass fabrics as the reinforcement were obtained. The resulting PLLA matrices exhibited conversions up to 99% along with high molar masses of up to 78,000 g·mol−1 when the polymerization was carried out under dynamic vacuum (vacuum-assisted RTM, VARTM). Moreover, a good impregnation of the glass fabrics by the matrix was observed by optical microscopy.

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Lee, Haseung, Kyungwoo Jung, and Hyunbum Park. "Study on Structural Design and Analysis of Composite Boat Hull Manufactured by Resin Infusion Simulation." Materials 14, no. 20 (October 9, 2021): 5918. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma14205918.

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In this paper, structural design and analysis of a composite boat hull was performed. A resin transfer molding manufacturing method was adopted for manufacturing the composite boat hull. The RTM process is an advanced composite manufacturing method that allows a much higher quality product than the hand lay-up process, and less manufacturing cost compared to the autoclave method. Therefore, the RTM manufacturing method was adopted. The mechanical properties of the various aramid fibers and polyester resin were investigated. Based on this, structural design of boat hull was performed using aramid fiber or polyester. After structural design, the optimized resin infusion analysis for RTM manufacturing method was performed. Through the resin infusion analysis, it is confirmed that the designed location of resin injection and outlet is acceptable for manufacturing.

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de Oliveira, Iran Rodrigues, José Vieira da Silva, E. M. Ascendino Pereira, Sandro Campos Amico, A. G. Barbosa de Lima, and D. C. Macedo Cavalcante. "CaCO₃ Particle-Filled Polymer Composite Manufacturing via RTM Process: An Experimental Investigation." Defect and Diffusion Forum 391 (February 2019): 30–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/ddf.391.30.

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Resin transfer molding (RTM) is one technique that has been used to produce polymer composites, which consists in injecting a thermoset pre-catalysed resin into a closed mold containing a dry fiber preform. In this sense, this study aims to investigate the effect of the calcium carbonate content (CaCO3) in the polyester resin during the RTM process. Several experiments were conducted using glass fiber mat molded in a RTM system with cavity dimensions 320 x 150 x 3.6 mm, at room temperature, and different injection pressure (0.75 bar) and CaCO3content (0, 10, 20, 30 and 40%). Results of the physical parameters such as viscosity, permeability, and mobility, and flow front position of the resin into the mold along the RTM process are presented and analyzed. From the results was concluded that the higher the injection pressure and lower CaCO3content into the resin, the lower filling time.

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Gantois, Renaud, Arthur Cantarel, Gilles Dusserre, Jean Noel Félices, and Fabrice Schmidt. "Mold Filling Simulation of Resin Transfer Molding Combining BEM and Level Set Method." Applied Mechanics and Materials 62 (June 2011): 57–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.62.57.

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Liquid Composite Molding (LCM) is a popular manufacturing process used in many industries. In Resin Transfer Molding (RTM), the liquid resin flows through the fibrous preform placed in a mold. Numerical simulation of the filling stage is a useful tool in mold design. In this paper the implemented method is based on coupling a Boundary Element Method (BEM) with a Level Set tracking. The present contribution is a two-dimensional approach, decoupled from kinetics, thermal analysis and reinforcement deformation occurring during the flow. Applications are presented and tested, including a flow close to industrial conditions.

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Correia, N. C., F. Robitaille, A. C. Long, C. D. Rudd, P. Sˇima´cˇek, and S. G. Advani. "Use of Resin Transfer Molding Simulation to Predict Flow, Saturation, and Compaction in the VARTM Process." Journal of Fluids Engineering 126, no. 2 (March 1, 2004): 210–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.1669032.

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The present paper examines the analysis and simulation of the vacuum assisted resin transfer molding process (VARTM). VARTM differs from the conventional resin transfer molding (RTM) in that the thickness of the preform varies during injection affecting permeability and fill time. First, a governing equation for VARTM is analytically developed from the fundamental continuity condition, and used to show the relation between parameters in VARTM. This analytical work is followed by the development of a numerical 1-D/2-D solution, based on the flow simulation software LIMS, which can be used to predict flow and time dependent thickness of the preform by introducing models for compaction and permeability. Finally, the results of a VARTM experimental plan, focusing on the study of the influence of outlet pressure on compaction and fill time, are correlated with both the analytical and the numerical work. The present work also proposes an explanation for the similarities between VARTM and RTM and shows when modeling VARTM and RTM can result in an oversimplification.

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Kim, Yun Hae, Jin Woo Lee, Chang Wook Park, Min Ji Ju, Moo Jun Kim, and Hee Soo Yoon. "Flow Characteristics of Basalt Fiber Reinforced Composite Processed by Liquid Resin Infusion on Temperature." Advanced Materials Research 1110 (June 2015): 44–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.1110.44.

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Resin Transfer Molding (RTM) process is an appropriate process for a composite component with bulky and complicated configuration. Liquid Resin Infusion (LRI) is the improved process which has been replaced a part of mold with a vacuum bag to get huge items to manufacture easily. Viscosity of LRI is one of the important factors affecting fluid velocity, the impregnating velocity of resin in dry mat is in inverse proportion to the viscosity. In this paper, viscosity characteristics of resin on temperature has been studied from various angles to optimize filling process of resin by quantatifying numerical value and improve molding process of fiber composite for experiented workers.

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Oliveira, I. R., Sandro Campos Amico, J. A. Souza, and Antônio Gilson Barbosa de Lima. "Numerical Analysis of the Resin Transfer Molding Process via PAM-RTM Software." Defect and Diffusion Forum 365 (July 2015): 88–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/ddf.365.88.

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This work aims to investigate the infiltration of a CaCO3filled resin in fibrous porous media (resin transfer molding process) using the PAM-RTM software. A preform of glass fiber mat (fraction 30%), with dimensions 320 x 150 x 3.6 mm, has been used in rectilinear injection experiments conducted at room temperature and injection pressure 0.25, 0.50 and 0.75 bar. The polyester resin contain 0% and 40% CaCO3. The numerical results were evaluated by direct comparison with experimental data. The flat flow-front profile of the rectilinear flow was reached approximately half length of the mold. It was observed, that the both velocity infiltration and permeability have decreased with increasing the CaCO3content, thus, increasing the time to processing of the composite material.

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Young, Wen-Bin, and Min-Te Chuang. "Fabrication of T-Shaped Structural Composite through Resin Transfer Molding." Journal of Composite Materials 29, no. 16 (November 1995): 2192–214. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/002199839502901606.

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Resin transfer molding (RTM) combines resin impregnation and composite fabrication in one process. It simplifies the process for composite fabrication and has the advantages of automation, low cost, and versatile design of fiber reinforcements. The RTM process was used in this study to fabricate T-shaped stuctural composites. Edge effects due to the gap between the fiber mats and the mold or the imperfect sealing of the matting mold resulted in edge channeling flows, leading to dry spot enclosure in the composite. It was found that a vacuum in the mold cavity could reduce the size of the dry spot. Proper control or prevention of the edge flows will reduce the possibility of dry spot formation. Numerical simulations of the mold filling were conducted to study the effect of gate locations on the mold filling patterns and edge channeling flows. Mechanical pulling tests were conducted to investigate the joint strengths of the T-shaped structure for different fiber materials. Fiber stitching on the rib provided an improvement in the joint strength while different fiber materials without fiber stitching tended to have the same joint strengths.

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Gauvin, R., and M. Chibani. "The Modelling of Mold Filling in Resin Transfer Molding." International Polymer Processing 1, no. 1 (March 1, 1986): 42–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/217.860042.

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Abstract The resin transfer moulding process (RTM) allows the industrial production of large FRP parts. In this technique layers of reinforcements (mats, woven rovings) are inserted into the mold cavity and resin is injected to fill the closed mold applying external pressure. Due to the strong interdependence between mold design, filling behavior and part quality it is most important to control the cavity pressure as the major influencing process parameter. A simple model is proposed to represent the pressure distribution during mold filling. It is based on Darcy’s law for flow of liquids through a porous media and can be applied to single type or combinations of different reinforcements.

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Boros, Róbert, Ilya Sibikin, Tatyana Ageyeva, and József Gábor Kovács. "Development and Validation of a Test Mold for Thermoplastic Resin Transfer Molding of Reactive PA-6." Polymers 12, no. 4 (April 22, 2020): 976. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym12040976.

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Thermoplastic resin transfer molding (T-RTM) is a cutting-edge manufacturing technique for high-volume production of composites with a recyclable thermoplastic matrix. Although a number of reactive thermoplastic matrices as well as industrial manufacturing equipment for T-RTM are commercially available today, the design of a T-RTM mold is still based on the skills and personal experience of the designer. This study summarizes the best knowledge and expertise in mold design and manufacturing and introduces an innovative mold for T-RTM. A concept and basic principles for designing a T-RTM mold are formulated in this study. The mold developed is manufactured and validated.

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Porto, T. R. Nascimento, A. G. Barbosa de Lima, and W. F. de Amorim Júnior. "Multiphase Fluid Flow in Porous-Fibrous Media: Fundamentals, Mathematical Modeling and Applications on Polymeric Composites Manufacturing." Diffusion Foundations 20 (December 2018): 55–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/df.20.55.

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This work provides information about polymer composite manufacturing by using liquid composite material molding, with particular reference to resin transfer molding process (RTM). Herein, several topics related to porous media, fluid flow, mathematical modeling, computational methods, composite manufacturing and industrial applications were presented. Simulation of resin flow into a fibrous (reinforcement) inserted in a parallelepiped mold has been performed, using the Ansys FLUENT®software, and different results of resin volumetric fraction, stream lines and pressure distribution inside the mold, and volumetric fraction always flow rate (inlet and outlet gates) of the resin, as a function of filling time, have been presented and discussed.

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Wang, Juan, and Si Yu Lai. "On Computer Aided Formation Framework for Composite Material." Advanced Materials Research 710 (June 2013): 775–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.710.775.

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The composite molding process design systems are developed on specific manufacturing resources or specific environment whenever at home and abroad, which enjoys a poor versatility. We built the system structure and flow for composite process integration framework after the computer-assisted resin transfer molding software has been developed. Then, studied the template-based data structure and established the model that can form a CAPP application system rapidly; developed a three levels similar cases retrieval structure based on part level, shape level and feature level; realized the customization of process card by adopting the excel template method. Finally, a resin transfer molding (RTM) process planning system is customized by object oriented programming (OOP) and component technique to verity the validity and feasibility of the integrating framework.

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Wang, Juan, Si Yu Lai, and Fan Xiao Li. "Molding Process and Development of Large Carbon Fiber of Fan Blades with Composite Properties of Materials." Advanced Materials Research 600 (November 2012): 157–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.600.157.

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The fiber reinforced materials, substrates, structural core materials, adhesives and auxiliary materials of wind turbine blade are discussed in this article. And the resin transfer molding (RTM) forming process, molding process and the latest Flex molding process are mainly summarized as well in the development of carbon fiber reinforced polymer (CFRP) application. Finally, the application and development of CFRP are analyzed in wind power field by combining research status of wind power both at home and abroad.

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do Nascimento Santos, M. J., J. M. P. Q. Delgado, and A. G. Barbosa de Lima. "Synthetic Fiber-Reinforced Polymer Composite Manufactured by Resin Transfer Molding Technique: Foundations and Engineering Applications." Diffusion Foundations 14 (December 2017): 21–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/df.14.21.

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This chapter focuses on the manufacturing of polymer composites reinforced by synthetic fiber with emphasis to the resin transfer molding technique (RTM). Herein, different related topics to foundations, classification, constituents and technological applications of polymer composites are presented. The problems associated to reinforcement and matrix interface and the manufacturing techniques of polymer composites are discussed. The study confirms RTM technique as a highly efficient process as compared with other manufacturing techniques of polymer composites.

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Barooah, Prabir, Berna Berker, and J. Q. Sun. "Integrated Switching and Feedback Control for Mold Filling in Resin Transfer Molding." Journal of Manufacturing Science and Engineering 123, no. 2 (April 1, 2000): 240–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.1348256.

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Two recent advances in controlling flow progression in RTM are the sequential logic control and the optimal feedback control. Both methods have powerful features as well as limitations. However, they complement each other very well. In this paper we propose an integrated control scheme combining both of them. In this paper the theory of the sequential logic control and the optimal control for flow progression manipulation in RTM is reviewed first. An integrated control approach is then proposed. Simulation results show that the control authority of the system is considerably expanded by the combination of the two. The integrated switching and feedback controller gives excellent performance of mold filling even in the presence of wide variations of the preform properties.

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Liu, Zhan Jun. "The Manufacturing Technology Research of Composite Resin Transfer Molding." Advanced Materials Research 912-914 (April 2014): 419–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.912-914.419.

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The main requirements of preparation of composite materials in aerospace industry are affordable , highly automated and good quality control.To reduce the mold cost and shorten the production cycle, the aviation industry is focusing on weaving technology,advanced spread with technology, autoclave technology, injection process, advanced curing process;,all quality concept and thermoplastic process. The main principle of RTM process is laying reinforced material form in the cavity, in accordance with the requirements of performance and structure, injection equipment will be used by special resin system of closed cavity, mold has fastening , injection mould with peripheral seal and exhaust system, which ensures that the resin flow smooth out all the gas in the cavity side by side and infiltrating fiber thoroughly, it also has heating system, which is used as heating composite components of.curing forming.

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Yu, Yan Jun. "Research on Curing Processes in RTM by FEM." Applied Mechanics and Materials 716-717 (December 2014): 192–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.716-717.192.

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The research on curing processes in Resin Transfer Molding is helpful to control the chemical reaction, material structures and properties.In this paper, the chemical kinetic equations of curing processes, crosslinked structure parameters equations and the temperature basic equations are founded in the curing processes. The finite element method is adopted to simulate the curing processes to analyze the influence and changes of temperature, curing ratio and crosslinking degree.

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Chai, Boon Xian, Boris Eisenbart, Mostafa Nikzad, Bronwyn Fox, Ashley Blythe, Kyaw Hlaing Bwar, Jinze Wang, Yuntong Du, and Sergey Shevtsov. "Application of KNN and ANN Metamodeling for RTM Filling Process Prediction." Materials 16, no. 18 (September 7, 2023): 6115. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma16186115.

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Process simulation is frequently adopted to facilitate the optimization of the resin transfer molding process. However, it is computationally costly to simulate the multi-physical, multi-scale process, making it infeasible for applications involving huge datasets. In this study, the application of K-nearest neighbors and artificial neural network metamodels is proposed to build predictive surrogate models capable of relating the mold-filling process input-output correlations to assist mold designing. The input features considered are the resin injection location and resin viscosity. The corresponding output features investigated are the number of vents required and the resultant maximum injection pressure. Upon training, both investigated metamodels demonstrated desirable prediction accuracies, with a low prediction error range of 5.0% to 15.7% for KNN metamodels and 6.7% to 17.5% for ANN metamodels. The good prediction results convincingly indicate that metamodeling is a promising option for composite molding applications, with encouraging prospects for data-intensive applications such as process digital twinning.

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Bittrich, Lars, Julian Seuffert, Sarah Dietrich, Kai Uhlig, Tales de Vargas Lisboa, Luise Kärger, and Axel Spickenheuer. "On the Resin Transfer Molding (RTM) Infiltration of Fiber-Reinforced Composites Made by Tailored Fiber Placement." Polymers 14, no. 22 (November 12, 2022): 4873. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym14224873.

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Tailored fiber placement (TFP) is a preform manufacturing process in which rovings made of fibrous material are stitched onto a base material, increasing the freedom for the placement of fibers. Due to the particular kinematics of the process, the infiltration of TFP preforms with resin transfer molding (RTM) is sensitive to multiple processes and material parameters, such as injection pressure, resin viscosity, and fiber architecture. An experimental study is conducted to investigate the influence of TFP manufacturing parameters on the infiltration process. A transparent RTM tool that enables visual tracking of the resin flow front was developed and constructed. Microsection evaluations were produced to observe the thickness of each part of the composite and evaluate the fiber volume content of that part. Qualitative results have shown that the infiltration process in TFP structures is strongly influenced by a top and bottom flow layer. The stitching points and the yarn also create channels for the resin to flow. Furthermore, the stitching creates some eye-like regions, which are resin-rich zones and are normally not taken into account during the infusion of TFP parts.

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Indira, K. N., Jyotishkumar Parameswaranpillai, and Sabu Thomas. "Mechanical Properties and Failure Topography of Banana Fiber PF Macrocomposites Fabricated by RTM and CM Techniques." ISRN Polymer Science 2013 (August 19, 2013): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2013/936048.

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Banana fiber reinforced phenol formaldehyde composites with different fiber lengths and fiber loadings were prepared by compression molding (CM) and resin transfer molding (RTM) techniques. The mechanical properties such as tensile, flexural, and impact behavior were studied. RTM composites showed improved tensile and flexural properties as compared to CM composites. On the other hand, impact strength of RTM composites is slightly lower than that of CM composites. From the studies, it was found that mechanical properties increased with the increase in fiber loading, reached a plateau at 30–40 wt%, and then subsequently decreased with an increase in fiber loading in both techniques. At high fiber weight fractions, the strength decreased due to poor wetting and very poor stress transfer. The stress value increased up to 30 mm fiber lengths and then decreased. In order to examine the fracture surface morphology of the composites, scanning electron microscopy (SEM) was performed on the composite samples. A good relationship between morphological and mechanical properties has been observed. Finally, tensile strength of the composites fabricated by RTM and CM was compared with theoretical predictions.

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Paździor, Pawel, and Miroslaw Szczepanik. "RESIN FLOW SIMULATION DURING THE RTM METHOD OF COMPOSITES PRODUCTION." International Journal of Modern Manufacturing Technologies 13, no. 3 (December 25, 2021): 125–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.54684/ijmmt.2021.13.3.125.

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Processes of plastic injection molding are often under analyzes in industry and science. Many of these considerations apply to epoxy resins with additional reinforcement, often with glass or carbon fiber inside the closed mould. The simulations of injection molding processes in the production of composite elements is not as common, as thermoplasts. Hence the idea to carry out the work described in this article. The RTM (Resin Transfer Molding) method is dedicated to serial production with the possibility of producing visual carbon fiber elements for aesthetic reasons. Simulations can help to better refine the products. This allows to take appropriate precautions and solve many issues before implementation. The article presents possible situations that could occur in real conditions. Various shapes models were prepared as basis of the numerical calculations. The analyses highlighting the possible issues were performed. The influence of resin pressure and flow rate on the final product was also considered. The aim was to present the characteristic phenomena and their causes that often occur in reality to technologists working with the RTM. Conclusions related to the work carried out are included. Based on the analyzes and conclusions drawn, it is possible to improve the quality of production processes.

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Tanaka, Kazuto, Akihiro Hirata, and Tsutao Katayama. "Effect of Press Condition on the Mechanical Properties of GFRTP Molded by the Melted Thermoplastic-Resin Transfer Molding." Key Engineering Materials 774 (August 2018): 367–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.774.367.

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The application of Fiber Reinforced Thermoplastics (FRTP) is expected to reduce the weight of automobiles. The press and injection hybrid molding method was developed to mold FRTP with high strength and high stiffness by giving complicated shapes such as ribs and bosses to the outer shell structure of FRTP with continuous fiber. However, as this method uses high-cost FRTP laminated sheets, it is necessary to develop a low-cost FRTP manufacturing process. In this study, we aim at the development of Melted Thermoplastic-Resin Transfer Molding (MT-RTM) to mold FRTP with complicated shape at low cost by injecting melted short fiber reinforced thermoplastics into dry fabric. The effects of press condition on the mechanical properties of GFRTP molded by MT-RTM were clarified by bending tests. GFRTP molded at high mold temperature and high closing speed showed high mechanical properties because of good impregnation of injection resin into continuous fabric in the outer shell structure.

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Journal articles on the topic 'Resin Transfer Molding (RTM)'

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