Journal articles: 'Resin transfer moulding (RTM)'

1

Johnson, M. S., C. D. Rudd, and D. J. Hill. "Cycle Time Reductions in Resin Transfer Moulding Using Microwave Preheating." Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part B: Journal of Engineering Manufacture 209, no. 6 (December 1995): 443–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1243/pime_proc_1995_209_108_02.

Full text

Abstract:

Resin transfer moulding (RTM) offers a potential manufacturing source of high-volume, fibre-reinforced plastic (FRP) components for the automotive industry. Currently, market development is inhibited by long moulding cycle times which are dominated by the effects of mould quench. Preheating of the thermosetting resin prior to injection would reduce these effects, leading to shorter mould filling and curing times. This paper characterizes the thermal cycle in RTM and outlines the application of microwave technology for resin preheating. Batch preheating of preactivated resin systems is discussed and the development of an in-line microwave resin preheater is described for uncatalysed and catalysed resin systems under steady flow conditions. The integration of an in-line preheating system within a demonstration RTM facility is described and the effects of preheating on the thermal cycle are presented.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

2

Van Melick, H. G. H., G. A. A. V. Haagh, F. N. Van De Vosse, and T. Peijs. "Simulation of Mould Filling in Resin Transfer Moulding." Advanced Composites Letters 7, no. 1 (January 1998): 096369359800700. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/096369359800700102.

Full text

Abstract:

Resin transfer moulding is a production method of fibre reinforced plastics which involves the flow of a resin through a mould packed with dry reinforcement. As simulation by finite element code can be a useful tool in designing the mould or optimising the process, mathematical modelling of RTM is indispensable. The equations concerning the isothermal RTM process with a Newtonian fluid are implemented in the finite element program VI p, applying the ‘thin film approximation’. To validate the code, model experiments are performed in which the position of the front as a function of time is monitored and compared to the results of a finite element simulation. A good agreement between simulation and experiment was found. For further validation of more complex mould geometries a plate with inserts is considered. Again good agreement was found between simulation and experiment was found. The finite element code of VI p proves to give reliable and accurate results in the simulation of the isothermal filling process of RTM and can therefore be used for designing mould geometries or optimisation of the RTM process as a whole.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

3

Ferreira Luz, F., Sandro Campos Amico, A. de Lima Cunha, E. Santos Barbosa, and Antônio Gilson Barbosa de Lima. "Applying Computational Analysis in Studies of Resin Transfer Moulding." Defect and Diffusion Forum 326-328 (April 2012): 158–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/ddf.326-328.158.

Full text

Abstract:

Resin Transfer Moulding (RTM) as it is most known process in the Resin Injections family, is an extensively studied and used processing method. This process is used to manufacture advanced composite materials made of fibres embedded in a thermoset polymer matrix. Fibre reinforcement in RTM processing of polymer composites is considered as a fibrous porous medium regarding its infiltration by the polymer resin. In this sense, the present work aims the computational analysis of a fluid in a porous media for a RTM composite moulding by using the ANSYS CFX® commercial software. In order to validate the numerical study of the fluid flow in a known RTM system, experiments was carried out in laboratory to characterize the fluid (vegetal oil) flowing into the porous media (0/90 glass fibre woven), were pressure and fibre volume fraction have been fixed. The numerical simulation provides information about volume fraction, pressure and velocity distribution of the phases (resin and air) inside the porous media. The predicted results were compared with the experimental data and its has shown a solid relationship between them.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

4

Owen, M. J., V. Middleton, and C. D. Rudd. "Fibre reinforcement for high volume resin transfer moulding (rtm)." Composites Manufacturing 1, no. 2 (June 1990): 74–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0956-7143(90)90239-s.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

5

Bickerton, S., and P. A. Kelly. "Application of a Complete Tooling Force Analysis for Simulation of Liquid Composite Moulding Processes." Key Engineering Materials 334-335 (March 2007): 17–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.334-335.17.

Full text

Abstract:

The term Liquid Composite Moulding (LCM) encompasses a growing list of composite manufacturing processes. The focus of this paper is prediction of tooling forces for Resin Transfer Moulding (RTM). Previous experimental work has demonstrated the influence of reinforcement compaction behaviour, which is strongly non-elastic. A viscoelastic compaction model has been developed which addresses both dry and wet response, and is implemented in RTM simulations of simple flat parts. Non-planar geometries introduce a tangential stress acting on mould surfaces, due to shear of the reinforcement. The tooling force analysis is extended to complex parts using an existing RTM filling simulation, LIMS, which has been developed at the University of Delaware.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

6

Dong, Yin Fei, and Xue Jian Jiao. "The Simulation of RTM Based on FLUENT." Advanced Materials Research 538-541 (June 2012): 873–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.538-541.873.

Full text

Abstract:

RTM is also called resin transfer moulding, it is one of the leading technology in the field of FRP. With the help of FLUENT, a powerful computational fluid dynamics software, we have finished the process simulation of filling the mould. In the process simulation, the flow striker, pressure field and velocity field are clearly showed. And they can describe the process of RTM effectively.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

7

McGovern, Scott, and P. Y. Ben Jar. "The Use of Low Pressure Compression in Resin Transfer Moulding to Enhance the Fibre Volume Fraction of Composite Materials." Advanced Composites Letters 8, no. 6 (November 1999): 096369359900800. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/096369359900800602.

Full text

Abstract:

A low-pressure compression was applied after complete resin injection in the manufacture of resin transfer moulded (RTM) glass-fibre-reinforced laminates. Representative laminates were produced and their fibre volume fraction's ( Vf's) compared with that of laminates manufactured under conventional vacuum-driven RTM. The intralaminar and overall Vf's were examined from images generated through scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and each manufacturing process was compared for its ability to produce uniform high Vf composites.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

8

Ruiz, Edu, Francois Trochu, and Raymond Gauvin. "Internal Stresses and Warpage of Thin Composite Parts Manufactured by RTM." Advanced Composites Letters 13, no. 1 (January 2004): 096369350401300. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/096369350401300105.

Full text

Abstract:

Resin transfer moulding (RTM) is a widely used manufacturing technique of composite parts. A proper selection of process parameters is the key to yield successful moulding results and obtain a good part. Among other things, when thermoset resins are processed, the shrinkage that occurs due to the polymerisation reaction further complicates the situation. In this paper, a finite difference analysis is proposed to simulate the effect of thermal and rheological changes during thin plates cooling after processing. Classical Laminate Theory is here implemented to compute composite internal stresses resulting from these thermo-rheological conditions. Laminate stresses are then computed and warpage obtained with the proposed numerical algorithm. Samples of thin plates were moulded combining two glass reinforcement materials. During cooling, after processing plates warpage was recorded and results compared to model predictions. This analysis presents the basis of a further numerical optimisation for thick composite parts.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

9

Schmachtenberg, E., J. Schulte zur Heide, and J. Töpker. "Application of ultrasonics for the process control of Resin Transfer Moulding (RTM)." Polymer Testing 24, no. 3 (May 2005): 330–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.polymertesting.2004.11.002.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

10

Lekakou, C., and M. G. Bader. "Mathematical modelling of macro- and micro-infiltration in resin transfer moulding (RTM)." Composites Part A: Applied Science and Manufacturing 29, no. 1-2 (January 1998): 29–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1359-835x(97)00030-4.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

11

Scarponi, C., C. S. Pizzinelli, S. Sánchez-Sáez, and E. Barbero. "Impact Load Behaviour of Resin Transfer Moulding (RTM) Hemp Fibre Composite Laminates." Journal of Biobased Materials and Bioenergy 3, no. 3 (September 1, 2009): 298–310. http://dx.doi.org/10.1166/jbmb.2009.1040.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

12

Kuppusamy, Raghu Raja Pandiyan, and S. Neogi. "Simulation of Air Entrapment and Resin Curing During Manufacturing of Composite Cab Front by Resin Transfer Moulding Process." Archives of Metallurgy and Materials 62, no. 3 (September 26, 2017): 1839–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/amm-2017-0278.

Full text

Abstract:

AbstractMould filling and subsequent curing are the significant processing stages involved in the production of a composite component through Resin Transfer Moulding (RTM) fabrication technique. Dry spot formation and air entrapment during filling stage caused by improper design of filling conditions and locations that lead to undesired filling patterns resulting in defective RTM parts. Proper placement of inlet ports and exit vents as well as by adjustment of filling conditions can alleviate the problems during the mould filling stage. The temperature profile used to polymerize the resin must be carefully chosen to reduce the cure time. Instead of trial and error methods that are expensive, time consuming, and non-optimal, we propose a simulation-based optimization strategy for a composite cab front component to reduce the air entrapment and cure stage optimization. In order to be effective, the optimization strategy requires an accurate simulation of the process utilizing submodels to describe the raw material characteristics. Cure reaction kinetics and chemo-rheology were the submodels developed empirically for an unsaturated polyester resin using experimental data. The simulations were performed using commercial software PAM RTM 2008, developed by ESI Technologies. Simulation results show that the use of increase in injection pressure at the inlet filling conditions greatly reduce the air entrapped. For the cab front, the alteration of injection pressure with proper timing of vent opening reduced the air entrapped during mould filling stage. Similarly, the curing simulation results show that the use of higher mould temperatures effectively decreases the cure time as expected.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

13

Wöckel, Lydia, Thomas Ebert, Bernd Mainzer, Martin Frieß, Dietmar Koch, Kristina Roder, Daniel Wett, Daisy Nestler, Guntram Wagner, and Stefan Spange. "Investigation of Different Phenolic Resins and their Behavior during Pyrolysis to Form SiC/C-Composites." Materials Science Forum 825-826 (July 2015): 240–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.825-826.240.

Full text

Abstract:

Specific phenolic resin samples have been developed as the carbon precursor for SiC/C composites. Liquid phenolic resins suitable for fiber-infiltration in the resin transfer moulding (RTM) process are synthesized by using versatile combination of the aromatic component (phenol, naphthalen-2-ol) with various formaldehyde equivalents such as methanal, 1,3,5,7tetraazatricyclo [3.3.1.13,7] decane (urotropine), and 1,3,5-trioxane, under different reaction conditions. Room temperature liquid resoles (RTLR) are obtained by using an excess of the formaldehyde component over phenol (≥2) under basic conditions. Upon heating RTLR can form a crosslinked network even without addition of a hardening reagent. In addition, novolacs are synthesized under acidic conditions using a phenol/formaldehyde ratio ≥1. Nitrogen-containing resins contain nitrogen due to reaction of phenol with urotropine. Novolacs and nitrogen-containing resins are solids at room temperature and not self-curing. To infiltrate these both resins into SiC fibers in the RTM process, they are dissolved in 2furanmethanol (furfuryl alcohol FA) and urotropine which is added as curing-agent. Both, the molecular weight and the amount of the dissolved phenolic resin have an influence on the viscosity and the carbon yield after pyrolysis which is important for this application. The aim was to create different phenolic resins for the fabrication in the RTM process and to characterize the carbon after pyrolysis with respect to the structure and porosity as these are key parameters to generate a stoichiometric SiC matrix by LSI.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

14

Szebényi, Gábor, and Gábor Romhány. "The Effect of Electron Irradiation on the Mechanical Properties of MWCNT/Carbon Fiber Reinforced Hybrid Nanocomposites." Materials Science Forum 659 (September 2010): 91–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.659.91.

Full text

Abstract:

In our work carbon fiber/epoxy composite and multiwalled carbon nanotube/carbon fiber/epoxy hybrid nanocomposite laminates have been prepared by resin transfer moulding (RTM) technology. The specimens have been irradiated using a high energy electron gun with multiple doses. The effect of the electron irradiation has been characterized using three point bending, interlaminar shear and instrumented falling weight impact tests.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

15

Turner, M. R., C. D. Rudd, A. C. Long, V. Middleton, and P. McGeehin. "Net-Shape Preform Manufacture using Automated Fibre Placement." Advanced Composites Letters 4, no. 4 (July 1995): 096369359500400. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/096369359500400404.

Full text

Abstract:

Liquid composite moulding processes such as resin transfer moulding (RTM) are becoming increasingly popular for a range of commercial applications. The major barrier to their more widespread use is the lack of an efficient method for the manufacture of reinforcement preforms. To address this problem, an automated fibre placement facility is under development, capable of laying either random or aligned fibres to produce net-shape preforms. This has been applied to a number of components including a load bearing flange used in marine applications and an aviation propeller blade.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

16

Coutinho, B. G., V. M. França Bezerra, Severino Rodrigues de Farias Neto, and Antônio Gilson Barbosa de Lima. "Modelling and Simulation of Resin Transfer Moulding: A Finite Volume Approach Applied to the Mold Filling Stage." Defect and Diffusion Forum 353 (May 2014): 67–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/ddf.353.67.

Full text

Abstract:

RTM process is widely used for the production of high quality fiber reinforced composites parts. Computer simulations can play an important role in optimization of RTM processes by reducing risks and costs. In this paper, we present a two dimensional mathematical modelling for the mold filling stage in RTM process. It was used a two phase model (air-resin) which neglects the capillary and gravitational effects and considers all phases incompressible. The set of partial differential equations, expressed in boundary-fitted coordinates, are discretized by using the finite volume method and solved using a fully implicit methodology and the Newton's method. To validate the methodology, numerical and experimental data of the filling time and flow front position along the process are compared and good agreement was obtained.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

17

Fauster, Ewald, Patrick Hergan, Steffen Stelzer, Stefan Scheiblhofer, Gilbert Cespedes-Gonzales, Susanne Pfeifer, Bernhard Rittenschober, Manfred Sieberer, Michael Lauermann, and Ralf Schledjewski. "HybridRTM - Quality Controlled Manufacturing of Hybrid Material Composites through Resin Transfer Moulding." Key Engineering Materials 742 (July 2017): 527–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.742.527.

Full text

Abstract:

HybridRTM terms a publicly funded project, which aims at the development of a processing technique for manufacturing of light weight structural components from hybrid materials. In particular, components involving metal as well as fibre-reinforced polymer composite materials are manufactured in a single processing step by means of the resin transfer moulding (RTM) technique. Project activities include material development and characterization, modelling of thermally induced residual stresses, process simulation, mould development as well as model-based process control in order to ensure consistently high component quality. This paper outlines the fundamental idea of the project and summarizes the most important results gained during the first two years of project activities.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

18

Loukopoulos, Andreas, Christos Katsiropoulos, and Spiros Pantelakis. "Life cycle assessment and cost analysis evaluation of a helicopter's canopy production using different manufacturing processes." MATEC Web of Conferences 188 (2018): 01020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/matecconf/201818801020.

Full text

Abstract:

In the present work, Life Cycle analysis (LCA) and Life cycle costing (LCC) models were developed in order to quantify the environmental footprint and cost and thus compare different manufacturing scenarios associated with the production of aeronautical structural components. To validate the models developed, they were implemented for the case of a helicopter's canopy processed by two techniques commonly used in aeronautics, namely the autoclave and the Resin Transfer moulding (RTM). The canopy was assumed to be made of a carbon fiber reinforced thermosetting material. Using the models developed the expected environmental and cost benefits by involving the RTM technique have been quantified.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

19

Bobbert, Mathias, Florian Augethaler, Zheng Wang, Thomas Troster, and Gerson Meschut. "Novel Process Approach for in-situ Insertion of Functional Elements in RTM-Applications." Journal of Materials Science Research 6, no. 1 (November 18, 2016): 15. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/jmsr.v6n1p15.

Full text

Abstract:

Lightweight design in vehicles leads to an increasing use of fibre-reinforced-plastics (FRP). To ensure the possibility of detachable joints in those constructions specific joining technologies have to be developed. Available technologies are not suitable for mass production or are leading to damage in the FRP. The aim of this paper is to show the possibilities and the general feasibility of a new process approach for the application of functional elements in FRP or hybrid materials during resin transfer moulding (RTM) processes. Therefore the movement of the RTM-tool-punch is utilised to produce an interlock between the splay stud and the fibres of the non-consolidated preform. This enables the application of the elements during the RTM-process. The resin infusion leads to the consolidation of the CFRP and a further fixation of the splay stud. Pull-out-tests as well as torsion tests are showing the mechanical performance of the joints.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

20

Araújo Mota, C. A., C. J. Araújo, A. G. Barbosa de Lima, Tony Herbert Freire de Andrade, and D. Silveira Lira. "Applying Isothermal Injection Moulding Process in the Manufacturing of Polymer Composite Reinforced with NiTi Shape Memory Alloy." Defect and Diffusion Forum 380 (November 2017): 212–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/ddf.380.212.

Full text

Abstract:

SMART materials have gained several applications in industries, especially aeronautical and biomedical. Therefore, the fabrication process of these materials must present quality in the completion and dimensioning, in addition to well established mechanical properties. In this sense, the Resin Transfer Molding (RTM) process is presented as an alternative to the manufacture of such products. This process presents advantages compared to other methods, such as, product quality and low cost. Thus, this work aims to model and simulate numerically the manufacturing process of polymer composite reinforced with NiTi shape memory alloy by RTM using the Ansys CFX commercial software. Results of pressure, velocity and volume fractions fields of the phases are presented and discussed. It was verified that the process parameters, like injection pressure and resin inlet and air outlet positions influenced the total time of the process and final product quality.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

21

Tong, Liyong. "Strength Prediction of RTM Single-Lap Joints With Transverse Stitching." Journal of Engineering Materials and Technology 120, no. 4 (October 1, 1998): 300–303. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.2807018.

Full text

Abstract:

It was experimentally shown that transverse stitching can provide an over 20 percent improvement in the strength of composite single-lap joints manufactured using the Resin Transfer Moulding (RTM) process. In this study, an analytical model is presented to predict the strength of the RTM single-lap joints with and without transverse stitching. Simple formulas are used to calculate the energy release rates of mode I and II using longitudinal membrane force and bending moment in a continuous adherent at an overlap end. The strengths of single-lap joints are determined using an interactive mixed-mode based failure criterion. A good correlation between the measured and the predicted failure loads validates the present analytical model.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

22

Salzmann, Moritz, and Ralf Schledjewski. "Controlling Moisture Content of Natural Fibres in RTM-Process." Key Engineering Materials 809 (June 2019): 610–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.809.610.

Full text

Abstract:

The quality of composite materials based on natural fibres is highly influence by humidity content of the fibres. For a high product quality in the resin-transfer-moulding (RTM) process a constant humidity content has to be achieved. As the humidity content of the fibres can change relative quickly depending on the humidity, measuring humidity content in the mould is beneficial. Near-Infrared-Spectroscopy (NIR) is a widely used tool for humidity content measurement allowing determination of the moisture content within seconds. To do so a calibration model with good accuracy is required. To generate the calibration model a dry flax woven fabric is placed in a climate chamber and weight change is recorded as well as NIR-Spectra. By correlating the spectra with the weight increase a model can be developed allowing to assign the spectra with unknown weight. This allows not only monitoring the moisture content of natural fibres with in the mould. Also can the moisture content reduced to an aspired value by applying vacuum to the preheated mould, before starting the resin infusion.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

23

Kaynak, Cevdet, and Y. Onur Kas. "Effects of Injection Pressure in Resin Transfer Moulding (RTM) of Woven Carbon Fibre/Epoxy Composites." Polymers and Polymer Composites 14, no. 1 (January 2006): 55–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/096739110601400105.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

24

Liu, Baichen, Simon Bickerton, and Suresh G. Advani. "Modelling and simulation of resin transfer moulding (RTM)—gate control, venting and dry spot prediction." Composites Part A: Applied Science and Manufacturing 27, no. 2 (January 1996): 135–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/1359-835x(95)00012-q.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

25

Salim, Muhamad Saifuddin, Zainal Arifin Mohd Ishak, and Suhail Abdul Hamid. "Effect of Stitching Density of Nonwoven Fiber Mat towards Mechanical Properties of Kenaf Reinforced Epoxy Composites Produced by Resin Transfer Moulding (RTM)." Key Engineering Materials 471-472 (February 2011): 987–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.471-472.987.

Full text

Abstract:

This study will focus on the usage of kenaf as a natural fibre in producing a composite materials consists of epoxy resin by resin transfer moulding (RTM). The variation amount of fiber loading and nonwoven fibre mat condition seems can give significant changes in properties of polymer composite in terms of mechanical aspects. Optimization of stitching density of nonwoven kenaf fibre mat manages to increase the mechanical behaviour. At higher degree of fibre loading, these enhancement properties are more apparent. Depending upon the direction of stitching process in producing nonwoven kenaf fiber mat, the composite obtained exhibit anisotropy behaviour in which the mechanical properties are vary upon the stitching direction of nonwoven mat.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

26

Černý, Ivo. "Evaluation of Interlaminar Shear Strength of Longitudinal GRP Railway Bogie Frames Considering Microstructure Aspects." Key Engineering Materials 577-578 (September 2013): 521–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.577-578.521.

Full text

Abstract:

The paper contains results of a comprehensive research and development programme aimed at an evaluation of static strength of a GRP railway bogie of a new advanced design. The works were carried out as one of the essential phases of the implementation of a EUREKA project EUROBOGIE, which is aimed at development of advanced vehicle bogies and has a great potential to lead to more efficient movement of freight and passengers with lower environmental impact. The GRP bogie design consists of three main load carrying parts, namely two quite massive longitudinal side frames connected by a central transom plate which are manufactured in a single moulding operation using the resin transfer moulding (RTM) method. Since the component is unusually thick, all parameters of the RTM method have to be well balanced. One of the critical issues in the design and manufacture is the connection area of the transom with the side frames. Therefore, testing of this subcomponent was an important part of the bogie development. Results of the experimental programme provided necessary feedback for the optimization of the manufacture technology.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

27

Long, A. C., and C. D. Rudd. "A Simulation of Reinforcement Deformation during the Production of Preforms for Liquid Moulding Processes." Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part B: Journal of Engineering Manufacture 208, no. 4 (November 1994): 269–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1243/pime_proc_1994_208_088_02.

Full text

Abstract:

Composite materials offer an attractive alternative to metals in the automotive and aerospace industries. Of the many possible production methods, liquid moulding processes such as resin transfer moulding (RTM) and structural reaction injection moulding (SRIM) demonstrate potential for high-volume manufacture. It is common to use preformed reinforcements, although this can cause certain problems. Fibre movement during forming can cause adverse effects such as wrinkling and thinning. The high levels of waste generated by subsequent trimming operations are proving unacceptable for medium to high volumes. An accurate modelling capability would allow defects to be predicted at the design stage, and would also allow prediction of the net-shape reinforcement required to form the component with no waste. This paper presents models for both random and directional reinforcement deformation. Random reinforcements are simulated using a modified plasticity theory, while directional reinforcements are modelled using the pin-jointed deformation model.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

28

Attaf, Brahim. "Ecomoulding of Composite Wind Turbine Blades Using Green Manufacturing RTM Process." ISRN Materials Science 2012 (September 24, 2012): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.5402/2012/734328.

Full text

Abstract:

According to ecodesign considerations and green manufacturing requirements, the choice of moulding process for the production of composite wind turbine blades must provide the existence of a common area of intersection engendered by a simultaneous interaction between quality, health, and environment aspects (i.e. Q, H, and E for abbreviations, resp.). This common area can be maximized via ecoalternatives in order to minimize negative adverse environmental and/or human health impacts. With this objective in mind, the closed-mould manufacturing RTM (resin transfer moulding) process will be the subject matter of this investigation. The reason for this choice is that RTM process participates in the reduction of VOC (volatile organic compound) emissions such as styrene vapours and presents an industrial solution to wind turbine blades production coupled with high quality finishing, good mechanical properties, lower cost, and a total absence of bonding operation of half shells. In addition to these advantages, sustainable development issues and ecodesign requirements are still, however, the main objectives to be fulfilled in this analysis with an acceptable degree of tolerance to the new regulations and ecostandards leading the way for green design of composite wind turbine blades.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

29

Brecher, C., C. Kukla, R. Schares, and M. Emonts. "Elektrostatische Greifersysteme für den Leichtbau*/Electrostatic grippers for lightweight productions - Form- and area-adaptive electrostatic gripper systems for high-performance materials." wt Werkstattstechnik online 105, no. 09 (2015): 567–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.37544/1436-4980-2015-09-9.

Full text

Abstract:

In der Herstellung von Leichtbaukomponenten aus faserverstärkten Kunststoffen treten Handhabungsvorgänge mit empfindlichen, luftdurchlässigen, biegeschlaffen Materialien auf. Um diese Vorgänge in der Produktion etwa in RTM (Resin Transfer Moulding)-Prozessketten zu automatisieren, hat das Fraunhofer IPT einen Greifer für die Handhabung textiler Materialien entwickelt. Dieser Greifer basiert auf der elektrostatischen Adhäsion und ermöglicht automatisiertes Handhaben und Drapieren textiler Hochleistungsmaterialien.   Handling operations with sensitive non-rigid, air-permeable materials are often found in the production of lightweight products made out of fiber-reinforced plastics. In order to further automate the production of light-weight components, for instance in RTM-process-chains, Fraunhofer IPT developed a gripping system especially suitable for sensitive textile materials. This gripper is based on the electro-adhesive effect and enables for the automated handling and draping of textile materials.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

30

Imbert, Mathieu. "High Speed Reactive Resin Transfer Moulding (RTM) Process Simulation for Mass Production of Automotive Structural Parts." SAE International Journal of Materials and Manufacturing 8, no. 2 (April 14, 2015): 503–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.4271/2015-01-0722.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

31

Lee, G. W., N. J. Lee, J. Jang, K. J. Lee, and J. D. Nam. "Effects of surface modification on the resin-transfer moulding (RTM) of glass-fibre/unsaturated-polyester composites." Composites Science and Technology 62, no. 1 (January 2002): 9–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0266-3538(01)00091-4.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

32

Fernberg, Patrik, Guan Gong, Peter Mannberg, and Spyros Tsampas. "Development of novel high Tg polyimide-based composites. Part I: RTM processing properties." Journal of Composite Materials 52, no. 2 (April 20, 2017): 253–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0021998317705705.

Full text

Abstract:

In this study, an assessment of the composite processing-related properties of a newly developed 6-FDA-based phenylethynyl-terminated polyimide (available under the tradename NEXIMID®MHT-R) is presented. Processing schemes, used for preparing high quality carbon fibre-reinforced composites by the use of conventional resin transfer moulding are developed and presented. The influences of manufacturing parameters on glass transition temperature of the composites are presented. The results confirm that composites with exceptionally high Tg, in the range between 350 and 460℃ can be achieved. A manufacturing scheme that yields in composites with Tg of 370℃ is presented and proposed as a good candidate to serve as baseline for further studies.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

33

Lavoratti, Alessandra, Daiane Romanzini, Sandro C. Amico, and Ademir J. Zattera. "Influence of Fibre Treatment on the Characteristics of Buriti and Ramie Polyester Composites." Polymers and Polymer Composites 25, no. 4 (May 2017): 247–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/096739111702500401.

Full text

Abstract:

Natural fibres have recently attracted interest due to their beneficial characteristics such as low cost and biodegradability. This work aims to characterise in natura, washed and alkali-treated buriti and ramie fibres and to evaluate the influence of the chemical treatments in the mechanical and dynamic mechanical performances of their composites produced by resin transfer moulding (RTM). Fibres were cut to 45 mm in length, washed in distilled water and treated with 2, 5 and 10 wt.% sodium hydroxide solutions. The chemical composition of the washed fibres was not altered. The 2 wt.% NaOH solution increased the flexural strength of polyester/ramie composites by 70%, and improved the impact performance of the alkali-treated polyester/buriti composites. The polyester/ramie composites exhibited superior dynamic mechanical properties and better adhesion at the fibre/matrix interface, and the morphology of buriti limited the fibre wettability during the RTM processing.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

34

Thouin, Maxime, Hossein Ghiasi, and Larry Lessard. "Design of a Carbon Fiber Bicycle Stem using a Novel Internal Bladder Resin Transfer Molding Technique." Advanced Composites Letters 19, no. 1 (January 2010): 096369351001900. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/096369351001900105.

Full text

Abstract:

The goal of this research is to design, analyze, and manufacture a carbon fibre bicycle stem that maximizes the use of carbon fibre composites. The stem is a part of the bicycle that connects the handlebar to the fork. The design is difficult due to the small size and complex geometry of the part, thus not obvious to conceive with a standard composite manufacturing approach. A novel approach using an inner bladder resin transfer moulding (RTM) technique is used to manufacture the bicycle stem. The design of the moulds incorporates some efficient devices to facilitate various steps in the manufacturing process. The resulting design is successful in terms of weight, stiffness, strength, and aesthetic properties. The developed technique used in this project can be applied as a possible solution to the design and fabrication of small, complex, hollow composite parts.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

35

Rudd, C. D., and K. N. Kendall. "Towards a Manufacturing Technology for High-Volume Production of Composite Components." Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part B: Journal of Engineering Manufacture 206, no. 2 (May 1992): 77–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1243/pime_proc_1992_206_060_02.

Full text

Abstract:

The last decade has seen strong interest from high-volume manufacturers such as the automotive industry in the development of processes which provide cost effective routes to the manufacture of components in fibre-reinforced composite materials. This paper considers one family of processes that have been targeted as offering a solution—that of resin transfer moulding (RTM)—and reviews the findings of work based at the University of Nottingham. The mechanisms involved are examined together with the variants on the basic process and the implications for high-volume production. Consideration is given to process technology, materials and the relationship between design and manufacture. A route to high-volume manufacture based upon computer aided engineering is proposed.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

36

Muñoz, E., and J. A. García-Manrique. "Water Absorption Behaviour and Its Effect on the Mechanical Properties of Flax Fibre Reinforced Bioepoxy Composites." International Journal of Polymer Science 2015 (2015): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2015/390275.

Full text

Abstract:

In the context of sustainable development, considerable interest is being shown in the use of natural fibres like as reinforcement in polymer composites and in the development of resins from renewable resources. This paper focuses on eco-friendly and sustainable green composites manufacturing using resin transfer moulding (RTM) process. Flax fibre reinforced bioepoxy composites at different weight fractions (40 and 55 wt%) were prepared in order to study the effect of water absorption on their mechanical properties. Water absorption test was carried out by immersion specimens in water bath at room temperature for a time duration. The process of water absorption of these composites was found to approach Fickian diffusion behavior. Diffusion coefficients and maximum water uptake values were evaluated; the results showed that both increased with an increase in fibre content. Tensile and flexural properties of water immersed specimens were evaluated and compared to dry composite specimens. The results suggest that swelling of flax fibres due to water absorption can have positive effects on mechanical properties of the composite material. The results of this study showed that RTM process could be used to manufacture natural fibre reinforced composites with good mechanical properties even for potential applications in a humid environment.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

37

Zhang, Z., and M. Sarhadi. "Materials Modelling and Laser Inspection for the 3D Lay-up of Dry Fiber Composite Preforms." Journal of Manufacturing Science and Engineering 121, no. 3 (August 1, 1999): 466–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.2832704.

Full text

Abstract:

Resin Transfer Moulding (RTM) is playing an ever increasing role in the manufacturing of composite components in the aerospace industry. However, the high labor and tooling costs and long manufacturing lead-times involved in the manual lay-up of dry carbon fiber preforms are obstructing the wide spread use of this technology. Recent development of Non-Crimp Fabrics (NCF) and automation technology has resulted in an automated preform manufacturing process, of which folding of materials constitutes an important step. This paper presents a mathematical model for the prediction of the 3D shapes of folded NCF sheets, a laser inspection system for the dimensional measurement of ply folds, and the integration of the two techniques for on-line monitoring of an automated preform manufacturing system.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

38

Bhudolia, Somen K., Goram Gohel, Jayaram Kantipudi, Kah Fai Leong, and Robert J. Barsotti. "Ultrasonic Welding of Novel Carbon/Elium® Thermoplastic Composites with Flat and Integrated Energy Directors: Lap Shear Characterisation and Fractographic Investigation." Materials 13, no. 7 (April 1, 2020): 1634. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma13071634.

Full text

Abstract:

The current research work presents a first attempt to investigate the welding attributes of Elium® thermoplastic resin and the fusion bonding using ultrafast ultrasonic welding technique. The integrated energy director (ED) polymer-matrix composites (PMCs) panel manufacturing was carried out using the Resin Transfer Moulding (RTM) technique and the scheme is deduced to manufacture a bubble-free panel. Integrated ED configurations and flat specimens with Elium® film of different thickness at the interface were investigated for ultrasonic welding optimization. Optimised weld time for integrated ED and flat Elium® panels with film (0.5 mm thick) configuration was found to be 1 s and 5.5 s, respectively. The ED integrated configuration showed the best welding results with a lap shear strength of 18.68 MPa. The morphological assessment has shown significant plastic deformation of Elium® resin and the shear cusps formation, which enhances the welding strength. This research has the potential to open up an excellent and automated way of joining Elium® composite parts in automotive, wind turbines, sports, and many other industrial applications.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

39

Salim, Muhamad Saifuddin, Z. A. Mohd Ishak, Dody Ariawan, and Mohd Zharif Ahmad Thirmizir. "Effect of Alkaline Treatment to Wettability and Flexural Properties of Kenaf Nonwoven Fibre Mat Reinforced Epoxy Composites Produced by Resin Transfer Moulding." Applied Mechanics and Materials 754-755 (April 2015): 99–105. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.754-755.99.

Full text

Abstract:

This paper focuses on the study of the effect of chemical treatments of fibres by alkalization on the flexural and impact properties of epoxy matrix composites reinforced by kenaf fibre (KF) produced via resin transfer moulding (RTM) technique. The reinforcement consists of KF nonwoven fiber mat fabricated using needle punching method. Prior to punching process, KF are subjected to alkali treatments with Sodium hydroxide (NaOH) at 3, 6 and 9% for a period of 3h at room temperature. The composites were reinforced with kenaf nonwoven mat at 40% by volume. Effect of alkaline treatment concentration to wettability of KF towards epoxy resins are measured by means of contact angle and surface energy analysis. Influences of alkaline treatment on the flexural properties are studied to determine the optimum conditions of alkaline treatment. As concentration of NaOH in alkaline treatment increased, the experimental results show that the flexural properties of composites increases. For 6% NaOH treatment, the flexural strength and flexural modulus improved by 7.88 MPa to 81.38 Mpa and from 4.79 GPa to 5.41GPa compared to untreated fibre composites. However, as the concentration of NaOH increase to 9%, the bending properties reduced significantly.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

40

Allaoui, Samir, Gilles Hivet, and Pierre Ouagne. "Analyze of the Contact Behaviour between Two Layers of Dry Glass Plain Weave Fabric." Key Engineering Materials 504-506 (February 2012): 313–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.504-506.313.

Full text

Abstract:

The market demand for thicker complex shaped structural composite parts is increasing. Processes of the Liquid Composite Moulding (LCM) family, such as Resin Transfer Moulding (RTM) are considered to manufacture such parts. The first stage of the RTM process concerns the preforming of the part. During the preforming of multi-layered reinforcements, friction between the plies occurs and needs to be characterize and then to be taken into account for the forming simulation. An experimental device designed to analyze the ply/ply, ply/tool and yarn/yarn frictions has been built. Tests carried out on a glass plain weave highlight specific contact behaviour for dry reinforcement fabric in comparison to non-technical textiles. This behaviour exhibits a substantial variation of the contact tangential loads which is directly related to shocks between the yarns. It demonstrated that period and amplitude of the friction response is directly related to the relative positioning of the samples but also to fabric meso-strucrure. In addition, the sample relative orientation has a significant influence on the friction response. The meso-architecture is responsible for the high variations of the friction coefficient as a function of the ply orientations for different fabrics. In addition, the friction response appears to be very sensitive to tests parameters like the relative positioning, orientation of the samples and the cycling. A honing effect classically observed in dry fabric testing has also been pointed out through cyclic experiments. It can be attributed to both fibre material abrasion and fibre reorganisation inside the yarn.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

41

Bale, J. "Damage Behaviour and Stress Concentration Factor of Open Hole Tensile (OHT) Glass Fibre Reinforced Polymer (GFRP) Composites." International Journal of Automotive and Mechanical Engineering 16, no. 4 (December 30, 2019): 7299–314. http://dx.doi.org/10.15282/ijame.16.4.2019.09.0543.

Full text

Abstract:

In many applications of composites, open-hole frequently includes for various purposes. However, further study on open-hole behaviour is still required, including on its strength and damage properties by combining experimental testing, real-time observations and calculations based on theoretical analysis and simulation model. The objective of this study is to understand the effect of an open-hole glass fibre reinforced polymer (GFRP) composites on tensile (static) properties, damage behaviour through Non-destructive Testing (NDT) Thermography and stress concentration factor (SCF). This study used an open-hole rectangular of GFRP specimens that fabricated by filament winding (FW) method and resin transfer moulding (RTM) method. It is found that the RTM specimens generate ≈ 170 % higher of tensile strength and ≈ 100 % higher of tensile modulus compared to the FW specimens. Infra-red (IR) camera shown the good detection on damage behaviour based on temperature increase at elastic and failure phase. Moreover, theoretical analysis and simulation results shown the good correlation where SCF reaches more than 4 times at the edge of the hole. This study concludes that open-hole on GFRP composites affects the tensile properties and generates damage marked by temperature increase and high SCF at the edge of the hole.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

42

Sepe, R., R. Citarella, A. De Luca, and E. Armentani. "Numerical and Experimental Investigation on the Structural Behaviour of a Horizontal Stabilizer under Critical Aerodynamic Loading Conditions." Advances in Materials Science and Engineering 2017 (2017): 1–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2017/1092701.

Full text

Abstract:

The aim of the proposed research activity is to investigate the mechanical behaviour of a part of aerospace horizontal stabilizer, made of composite materials and undergoing static loads. The prototype design and manufacturing phases have been carried out in the framework of this research activity. The structural components of such stabilizer are made of composite sandwich panels (HTA 5131/RTM 6) with honeycomb core (HRH-10-1/8-4.0); the sandwich skins have been made by means of Resin Transfer Moulding (RTM) process. In order to assess the mechanical strength of this stabilizer, experimental tests have been performed. In particular, the most critical inflight recorded aerodynamic load has been experimentally reproduced and applied on the stabilizer. A numerical model, based on the Finite Element Method (FEM) and aimed at reducing the experimental effort, has been preliminarily developed to calibrate amplitude, direction, and distribution of an equivalent and simpler load vector to be used in the experimental test. The FEM analysis, performed by using NASTRAN code, has allowed modelling the skins of the composite sandwich plates by definition of material properties and stack orientation of each lamina, while the honeycomb core has been modelled by using an equivalent orthotropic plate. Numerical and experimental results have been compared and a good agreement has been achieved.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

43

Murray, James J., Tom Allen, Simon Bickerton, Ankur Bajpai, Klaus Gleich, Edward D. McCarthy, and Conchúr M. Ó Brádaigh. "Thermoplastic RTM: Impact Properties of Anionically Polymerised Polyamide 6 Composites for Structural Automotive Parts." Energies 14, no. 18 (September 14, 2021): 5790. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en14185790.

Full text

Abstract:

This study investigates the impact behaviour and post-impact performance of polyamide-6 glass fibre reinforced composites, manufactured by thermoplastic resin transfer moulding. Impact test samples were extracted from quasi-isotropic laminates using two different glass fibre sizings, both with a fibre volume fraction of approximately 52%. A previous study showed that one of these sizings enhanced the interfacial strength and Mode I fracture toughness; however, the effects of the sizing on out-of-plane impact is of greater significance in terms of automotive applications. A drop-weight impact tester was used to determine out-of-plane impact performance for both sizings in terms of impact load-induced and energy returned from the striker. High-speed video of the impact response was simultaneously captured. Testing was carried out at three impact energy levels: two sub-penetration and one full penetration. The impact damage area was observed, and the post-damage compression properties of samples were measured to determine the reduction in their strength and stiffness. Results showed that the use of different sizing technologies had little effect on the post-impact compressive properties and that penetration led to only a 29% drop in compression strength. Overall, the outcomes of this work demonstrate the potential of these materials in automotive applications.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

44

Reis, Luís G., P. Carvalho, C. Alves, and Manuel de Freitas. "Mechanical Behaviour of Sandwich Beams Manufactured with Glass or Jute Fiber in Facings and Cork Agglomerates as Core." Materials Science Forum 636-637 (January 2010): 245–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.636-637.245.

Full text

Abstract:

The environment is a prominent issue today. Designing environmentally sustainable products is an attempt to address this question. In many cases, natural materials are environmentally friendly for product design manufacturing. The goal of this work is to study the mechanical behaviour of NL10 and NL30 cork agglomerates. Compression, shear and bending tests in sandwich specimens made of glass or jute fiber in facings and cork agglomerates as core were carried out. The sandwich specimens were manufactured by Resin Transfer Moulding (RTM) process. Results show that NL30 has a higher compression strength and shear resistance than NL10 agglomerate due to its manufacturing process, which originates superior density, but the NL30 agglomerate superior density is undesirable. Sandwich test specimens that presented failure by rupture of the core in both types of tests, core shear tests and three point bending tests, showed that the failure is mainly adhesive occurring between the adhesively joined cork grains. Since grains are unaffected and remain intact, it is possible to improve these materials by using better agglutinants and new bonding techniques with the intent of getting cork agglomerates with higher shear and flexural strength.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

45

Gadow, Rainer, and Patrick Weichand. "SiOC Composite Structures for Intermediate Service Temperatures with Increased Friction Properties." Advances in Science and Technology 88 (October 2014): 15–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/ast.88.15.

Full text

Abstract:

Polymer Matrix Composites (PMC) are often used in lightweight applications due to their excellent mechanical properties combined with a low density. The manufacturing technologies are fully developed and raw materials are cheap. The limiting factor of these reinforced polymers is the maximum service temperature. Ceramic Matrix Composites (CMC) are suitable for service temperatures up to 1500 °C and more. These composites are composed of ceramic matrices combined with ceramic fibers based on alumina or silicon carbide. This class of composites is handicapped by the high cost of processing and raw materials and therefore only attractive for applications in astronautics and military aviation. Composite materials, bridging the gap between PMC and CMC, are manufactured by the use of polysiloxanes, carbon-and basalt fibers. Such competitive free formable Hybrid-composites are capable for service temperatures up to 800 °C in oxidative atmosphere. In order to make the material attractive also for series applications, manufacturing technologies like filament wet winding, Resin Transfer Moulding (RTM) or pressing techniques are employed. Beside the improved thermal resistivity in comparison to reinforced polymers and light metals, a major benefit of SiOC composites is investigated in the field of friction materials. The excellent properties in wear resistance and an adjustable coefficient of friction make it an interesting alternative for CFC and CMC.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

46

Gadow, Rainer, and Patrick Weichand. "Novel Intermediate Temperature Ceramic Composites, Materials and Processing for Siloxane Based Basalt Fiber Composites." Key Engineering Materials 611-612 (May 2014): 382–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.611-612.382.

Full text

Abstract:

SiC composites have been developed by various processing methods, i. e. reaction bonding, CVD/CVI and liquid phase impregnation. This class of composites is handicapped by the high cost of investment and processing, interface coatings and raw materials and therefore only attractive for applications in astronautics and military aviation. Polymer Matrix Composites (PMC) are widely used in lightweight applications. The manufacturing technologies are fully developed and raw materials are cheap. The major drawback and limiting factor of these reinforced polymers is the limited service temperatures. Novel composite materials, bridging the gap between PMC and CMC, are manufactured by the use of polysiloxanes as SiOC matrix precursor. Such competitive free formable composites are capable for service temperatures up to 800 °C even in oxidative atmosphere. In order to make the material attractive for series applications, cost effective manufacturing technologies like Resin Transfer Moulding (RTM), filament winding or warm pressing techniques are employed. Beside the improved thermal and chemical resistivity in comparison to reinforced polymers and light metals, a major benefit of SiOC composites is investigated in the field of friction materials. A promising alternative to carbon and synthetic ceramic fibers are mineral based Basalt fibers. These lightweight fibers show high thermochemical stability up to 700 °C, are relatively cheap and became recently available in industrial scale.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

47

Geng, Zhi, Shuaishuai Yang, Lianwang Zhang, Zhenzhen Huang, Qichao Pan, Jidi Li, Jianan Weng, et al. "Self-Extinguishing Resin Transfer Molding Composites Using Non-Fire-Retardant Epoxy Resin." Materials 11, no. 12 (December 15, 2018): 2554. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma11122554.

Full text

Abstract:

Introducing fire-retardant additives or building blocks into resins is a widely adopted method used for improving the fire retardancy of epoxy composites. However, the increase in viscosity and the presence of insoluble additives accompanied by resin modification remain challenges for resin transfer molding (RTM) processing. We developed a robust approach for fabricating self-extinguishing RTM composites using unmodified and flammable resins. To avoid the effects on resin fluidity and processing, we loaded the flame retardant into tackifiers instead of resins. We found that the halogen-free flame retardant, a microencapsulated red phosphorus (MRP) additive, was enriched on fabric surfaces, which endowed the composites with excellent fire retardancy. The composites showed a 79.2% increase in the limiting oxygen index, a 29.2% reduction in heat release during combustion, and could self-extinguish within two seconds after ignition. Almost no effect on the mechanical properties was observed. This approach is simple, inexpensive, and basically applicable to all resins for fabricating RTM composites. This approach adapts insoluble flame retardants to RTM processing. We envision that this approach could be extended to load other functions (radar absorbing, conductivity, etc.) into RTM composites, broadening the application of RTM processing in the field of advanced functional materials.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

48

Johnson, M. S., C. D. Rudd, and D. J. Hill. "Microwave assisted resin transfer moulding." Composites Part A: Applied Science and Manufacturing 29, no. 1-2 (January 1998): 71–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1359-835x(97)00043-2.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

49

Young, Wen-Bin, and Cheng-Wey Chiu. "Study on Compression Transfer Molding." Journal of Composite Materials 29, no. 16 (November 1995): 2180–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/002199839502901605.

Full text

Abstract:

Resin transfer molding (RTM) finishes the resin impregnation and composite fabrication at the same time. It simplifies the process for composites fabrication and has the advantages of automation, low cost, and versatile design of fiber reinforcement. Therefore, the RTM process is widely used in the architecture, automotive, and aerospace industries. However, in the RTM process, resin must flow through the fiber reinforcement in the planar direction, which, in some cases such as fabrications of large panels, may need a long time for the mold filling. If the part dimension is too large or the fiber permeability is too low, the mold filling process may not be able to complete before the resin gels. Therefore, some modification for the RTM process is necessary in order to reduce the mold filling time. In the compression transfer molding, the mold opens a small gap for the resin to fill in between fiber mats and the mold, and then compresses the fiber reinforcement to be impregnated by the resin in the thickness direction. In this way, since resin is forced into the fiber reinforcements in the thickness direction, the damage of the fibers will be minimized. In addition, the mold filling time will be reduced due to the different flow path of the resin inside the mold. This study explored the possibility of using the compression transfer molding process and also identified the key parameters regarding the process.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

50

de Oliveira, Iran Rodrigues, Sandro Campos Amico, R. Barcella, and Antônio Gilson Barbosa de Lima. "Application of Calcium Carbonate in Resin Transfer Molding Process." Defect and Diffusion Forum 353 (May 2014): 39–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/ddf.353.39.

Full text

Abstract:

Resin Transfer Molding (RTM) is one of the most widely known composite manufacturing techniques of the liquid molding family, being extensively studied and used to obtain advanced composite materials comprised of fibers embedded in a thermoset polymer matrix. Nowadays, RTM is used by many industrial sectors such as automotive, aerospace, civil and sporting equipment. Therefore, the objective of this study is to verify the effect of calcium carbonate mixed in resin in the RTM process. Several rectilinear infiltration experiments were conducted using glass fiber mat molded in a RTM system with cavity dimensions of 320 x 150 x 3.6 mm, room temperature, maximum injection pressure 0.202 bar and different content of CaCO3 (10 and 40%) with particle size of 75μm. The results show that the use of filled resin with CaCO3 influences the preform impregnation during the RTM molding, changing the filling time and flow from position, however it is possible to make the composite with a good quality and low cost.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

Journal articles on the topic 'Resin transfer moulding (RTM)'

Create a spot-on reference in APA, MLA, Chicago, Harvard, and other styles