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Academic literature on the topic 'Résistance aux substances – Dissertations universitaires'
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Résistance aux substances – Dissertations universitaires"
Delva, Laurent. "Rôle de la CRABPII dans la résistance secondaire de la leucémie aiguë promyélocytaire traitée par l'acide rétinoïque : Implication de la CRABPII dans son métabolisme et dans la transcription de gènes sensibles à son action." Paris 5, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995PA05CD02.
Full textAouali, Nasséra. "Rôle du métabolisme du céramide et de la dynamique des compartiments acides dans la résistance multiple." Reims, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003REIMP209.
Full text@One form of resistance termed Multidrug Resistance has been most studied and seems to be mediated by overexpression of membrane proteins belonging to the ABC transporters family. These proteins are P-glycoprotein (Pgp), multidrug-resistance associated protein (MRP1) and breast cancer resistance protein. Other alterations have been observed like sphingolipid metabolism modification and increased pH gradient. Ours results have demonstrated that tamoxifen decreased the sphingolipid level in MDR cells overexpressing Pgp. Tamoxifen treatment sensitive to daunorubicine the resistance cells. Moreover, tamoxifen treatment decreased the pH gradient in resistance cells. This result shows the relationship with the rise pH gradient and the elevation of GlcCer in resistance cells. Recently, studies have been demonstrated the Pgp location in membrane microdomains, called raft. DIMs are rich in glycosphingolipids, cholesterol, sphingomyeline. Our data suggest that sphingolipid could play a role in the structure of DIMs and thus the conformation of Pgp
Chauvier, David. "Camptothécine versus homocamptothécine : approche moleculaire et cellulaire. Induction de l'apoptose et modulation de la résistance multiple." Reims, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001REIMP206.
Full textHomocamptothecin (hCPT), a topoisomerase I (top1) inhibitor, combines higher cytotoxicity and lactone stability in aqueous buffer than camptothecin (hCPT). Spectrofluorometry has allowed the real-time investigation of its hydrolysis kinetic in absence and presence of top1 and/or ADN. The stabilisation of the cleavable complex by hCPT implies steric contacts of the b-hydroxylactone ring with the DNA-top1 complex, rather than opening of the lactone ring, as observed for CPTs. HCPT/CPT have been detected in the cytoplasm of MCF7 and HT29 cancer cells by 2-photon laser confocal microspectrofluorometry,. The induction of apoptosis by hCPT is mediated in HT29 cells by DYm disruption, cytosolic acidification, reactive oxygen species, cytochrome C release, caspase-3 activation, gene expression, de novo synthesis of ceramide. HCPT/CPT have been identified to be substrates of MRP1 but not Pgp proteins. Sub-toxic doses of hCPT/CPT potentiated daunorubicin (DNR) cytotoxicity by inhibition of MRP1 activity, in correlation with increase of the nuclear accumulation of DNR in anthracyclins-resistant K562 and MCF7 cells
Abedini, Amin. "Evaluation biologique et phytochimique des substances naturelles d’Hyptis atrorubens Poit. (Lamiaceae), sélectionnée par un criblage d'extraits de 42 plantes." Thesis, Lille 2, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013LIL2S025/document.
Full textThis study focuses firstly on the extent of the antimicrobial activity of 42 medicinal plants that are traditionally used in Iran and Guadeloupe, against a panel of 36 pathogenic and multi-resistant bacteria and fungi. The results show presence of the antimicrobial agents in all plants.We finally selected Hyptis atrorubens Poit. which has a strong antimicrobial activity. In addition, this plant has never been studied in the literature. Phytochemical and biological analysis of the hydro-methanolic extract of stems, enabled us to find for the first time the four main active compounds of this plant: rosmarinic acid, methyl rosmarinate, quercetin-3-glucoside (isoquercetin) and quercetin-3-galactoside (hyperoside).The antibacterial activity of these compounds was evaluated by various microbiological values (MIC, MBC, synergy, kill-time and growth curves).The best inhibitory and bactericidal activity was found for methyl rosmarinate (0.3 mg/ml).This research suggests the high potential of antimicrobial activity for a combination of all four compounds (MIC = 70 µg/ml), which is very close to MICs of antibiotics.This work presents the main compounds of Hyptis atrorubens Poit. as new antimicrobial agents and as potentially useful tools against bacteria that are more and more resistant to antibiotics
Doliwa, Christelle. "Caractérisation par protéomique et transcriptomique des mécanismes de résistance à la sulfadiazine chez Toxoplasma gondii." Thesis, Reims, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012REIMM203/document.
Full textToxoplasma gondii is an obligate intracellular protozoan parasite responsible of a widespread infection, toxoplasmosis. Treatment options for toxoplasmosis are generally limited to combinations of sulfonamide and pyrimethamine which have a synergistic action on T. gondii folate synthesis by inhibiting two major enzymes: dihydropteroate synthase (DHPS) and dihydrofolate reductase (DHFR). However treatment failures have been reported, and three naturally sulfadiazine resistant strains, TgA 103001 (Type I), TgH 32006 (Type II) and TgH 32045 (Type II variant), have been described. In this work, we studied resistance mechanisms to sulfadiazine on T. gondii. We are interested, in a first time, on the involvement of target genes, dhps and dhfr, and ABC transporters, TgABC.B1, TgABC.B2, TgABC.C1 and TgABC.C2, in the sulfadiazine resistance on T. gondii. However, neither polymorphisms nor overexpression of these genes has been linked to resistance mechanisms. Then, we compared proteomes of naturally resistant strains to sensitive strains RH (Type I) and ME-49 (Type II) by DIGE. Among the 31 proteins differentially expressed between sensitive and resistant strains, four proteins, ROP2, MIC2, ENO2 and IMC1, seemed to be interesting. In order to avoid variations due to differences from genetic background, sensitive strains RH and ME-49 have been made resistant in vitro by gradual increase in sulfadiazine concentration. This resistance was checked in vitro by the development of a new chemosensitivity assay. We compared then, by 2-DE, proteomes of the type II strains, sensitive (ME-49) and resistant (ME-49-RSDZ and TgH 32006), without identifying candidates implicated in sulfadiazine resistance mechanisms. However, analysis of the sensitive strain ME-49 and the resistant strain ME-49-RSDZ, by microarrays, allowed us to identify a candidate belonging to folate synthesis pathways: folylpolyglutamate synthase
Gallien, Sébastien. "Mutations secondaires lors des traitements antirétroviraux des patients infectés par le VIH-1 du groupe M : significations cliniques de l'échappement viral." Paris 7, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011PA077219.
Full textVirologic failure, defined as a persistent detectable viremia under antiretroviral therapy, is mainly driven by the emergence of antiretroviral Drug Resistance-Associated Mutations (DRAM) in the target genes of antiretroviral drugs. Identifying these mutations usually requires viremia above 1000 copies/mL, explaining why resistance data in persistent HIV-1 low-level viremia (LLV) (< 1000 copies / ml) are scarce in spite of the fact that this clinical situation concerns 5 to 10 % of treated HIV-infected individuals. In this work, we studied DRAM in 3 cohorts of HIV-1 infected patients, who experienced LLV (< 500 to 1000 copies/ml) under antirétroviral therapy, and then attempted to identify clinical and virologic factors associated to their emergence. For patients receiving first-line antiretroviral therapy, new DRAM are detected during LLV in 37% subjects, all in the reverse transcriptase gene except in the protease gene in one participant, and detection of new DRAM is associated with higher HIV-1 RNA levels during LLV. Integrase inhibitors resistance-associated mutations are newly detected in 7,7 % of pretreated patients with multi-resistant virus strains who experienced LLV while receiving raltegravir-containing therapy, with no factors significantly associated with their emergence identified. Finally in a third cohort of patients, heterogeneous according to their antiretroviral history and their viral population, new DRAM are detected in 30 % of subjects for both reverse transcriptase, protease and integrase inhibitors, without any factor associated to their emergence. So, new DRAM can be detected during LLV under antiretroviral therapy, whereas their type and their frequency vary according to the current antiretroviral regimen and the previous archived viral mutations. These data underline the potential interest of drug résistance genotyping in this setting, in order to be able to provide an early therapeutic optimization, the utility of which should be assessed in the future
Tréhoux, Solange. "Identification de nouveaux miARN régulateurs de la mucine MUC1, détermination de leurs rôles fonctionnels dans la cancérogenèse pancréatique et dans la chimiorésistance." Thesis, Lille 2, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015LIL2S003/document.
Full textThe mucin MUC1 is a transmembrane oncoprotein overexpressed in 90% of pancreatic adenocarcinoma and associated with a poor prognosis. MUC1 is involved in cell signaling and cell interaction to enhanced tumor cell properties like cell proliferation and invasion. Furthermore it has been shown an important role of MUC1 in chemoresistance to gemcitabine, the basic treatment of pancreatic cancer, and in the epithelial-mesenchymal transition of pancreatic cancer cells. Interestingly it has been shown that MUC1 could be internalized and localized in the nuclear compartment to act as a transcriptional coactivator to modulate the expression of many genes such as the Wnt/β-catenin, the targets of Stat1/3 or the miR-200c/miR141 cluster. Furthermore, it has been shown that MUC1 is regulated by epigenetics: by methylation of the promoter, histone acetylation and by miRNAs in breast and ovarian cancer.Our aim was to study the inhibition of MUC1 by miRNAs deregulated in pancreatic cancer, to propose a new innovative therapeutic strategy to slow down progression of this cancer.We selected miRNAs targeting the mucin MUC1, in its 3\\\'UTR, its 5\\\'UTR or its coding region by using databases such as Miranda, miRWalk and TargetScan. To refine this selection, we then selected only those being deregulated in pancreatic cancer by studying their expression in human pancreatic cancer cell lines, tissues from patients with pancreatic adenocarcinoma and transgenic mouse model of early pancreatic carcinogenesis.We initially demonstrated that among the selected miRNAs, overexpression of miR-29a, miR-183, miR-200a, miR-330-5p, miR-and miR-939 876-3p led to a decrease of MUC1 protein expression. By establishing the miRNA expression profile in the three models of pancreatic cancer that we had, we were able to demonstrate an overall deregulation of miR-29a and miR-330-5p in human pancreatic cancer cell lines and in patients with a pancreatic adenocarcinoma, and a more specifically deregulation for the other miRNAs.We were then able to show that among the selected miRNAs, only miRNAs miR-29a and miR-330-5p had the ability to interact with MUC1 mRNA on its 3\\\'UTR. We therefore undertook to study the role of miR-29a and miR-330-5p in pancreatic cancer. For this, we used a transient strategy to overexpress or inhibit miRNAs and stable cell lines overexpressing the miRNA as well as a deficient cell line for MUC1. We were able to show that overexpression of miR-29a and miR-330-5p slowed down cell proliferation, migration, cell invasion, tumor growth and increased chemosensitivity of pancreatic cancer cells to gemcitabine.In conclusion, all these data allowed us to identify a set of deregulated miRNAs in pancreatic cancer which have the ability to decrease the mucin MUC1 protein expression level. We also showed that miR-29a and miR-330-5p were the only ones that can regulate the expression of MUC1 directly and act as tumor suppressors by altering the biological properties of pancreatic cancer cells in vitro and in vivo. These data allow us to propose these two miRNAs as a new potential therapeutic approach for the treatment of this cancer
Mekki, Meriem Sarah. "Conséquences de l'hypoxie sur la régulation de la signalisation HGF/SF-MET." Thesis, Lille 2, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015LIL2S047/document.
Full textThe receptor tyrosine kinase MET and its ligand the Hepatocyte Growth Factor/Scattor Factor (HGF/SF) are essential for migration, morphogenesis and survival of epithelial cells. Beside its physiological involvement, deregulation of MET signaling has been shown to promote tumor progression and invasion in many cancers. Inside the tumors, hypoxia is also a crucial phenomenon promoting an adaptive response able to induce invasion, metastasis and resistance to treatment.We show that under hypoxia, MET phosphorylation induced by ligand-stimulation, activating mutation or overexpression, is drastically decreased both in cell culture and in experimental tumors. This decrease in MET phosphorylation occurs within minutes and is reversible when cells are returned to normoxia. While phosphorylation of the proximal signaling adaptor GAB1 is also decreased in hypoxia, activation of the downstream kinases ERK and AKT is not affected, but is still dependent on MET receptor activity. Consistently, several cellular responses induced by HGF/SF, including motility, morphogenesis or survival, are still efficiently induced. Interestingly, treatment with two tyrosine kinase inhibitors targeting MET (PHA-665752 and SU11274) are less efficient to inhibit the downstream kinases ERK and AKT and cellular responses induced by MET in hypoxia compared to normoxia. Similarly to MET phosphorylation, this resistance to TKI is a reversible phenomenon. Therefore, while hypoxia does not affect downstream signaling and cellular responses, it decreases MET sensitivity to TKIs targeting the receptor thus providing an immediate resistance. This may provide new insights in the use of MET targeted therapies in solid tumors
Wackenaer-Descleves, Estelle. "Les β-lactamases chromosomiques des Raoultella spp : support pour la résistance aux antibiotiques et outils de diagnostic étiologique." Paris 5, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008PA05T037.
Full textThe three species of Raouliellu (formerly Klebsiella). R. Planticola (Rp), R. Ornithinolytica (Ro) and R. Terrigena (Rt) cannot be distinguished from the species of Klebsiella spp. By the tests used in the routine by microbiological laboratories. After having (i) cloned the p-lactamases of the 3 Raoultella species (PLA, ORN and TER), (ii) evaluated the percentage of identity between each other (94% between PLA and ORN, and 78% with TER) and with other class A P-lactamases (70% with TEM-1, 68% with SHV-1 and 38% with KOXY), and (iii) studied the p-lactamase activity of PLA and TER, the reliability of the bla gene for Rp and Ro identification was determined in comparison with that of the 16S rDNA and rpoB genes in 35 Raoultella spp. Isolates. This study allowed us to discover that 70% of the isolates identified as Ro were negative for the ornithine decarboxylase test, meaning negative for the biochemical character on which Ro definition was based, and to develop a new test, bla RFLP. To unambiguously identify Ro and Rp
Papadopoulou, Barbara. "Dissémination des gènes de résistance aux antibiotiques chez les entérobactéries et Campylobacter." Paris 11, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988PA114815.
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