Journal articles: 'Resistance heating'

1

Fryer, Peter, and Zhang Li. "Electrical resistance heating of foods." Trends in Food Science & Technology 4, no. 11 (November 1993): 364–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0924-2244(93)90018-6.

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Cui, Lingzhi, Kejian Cui, Haina Ci, Kaiqiang Zheng, Huanhuan Xie, Xuan Gao, Yanfeng Zhang, and Zhongfan Liu. "Transparent Electrothermal Heaters Based on Vertically-Oriented Graphene Glass Hybrid Materials." Nanomaterials 9, no. 4 (April 6, 2019): 558. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nano9040558.

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Transparent heating devices are widely used in daily life-related applications that can be achieved by various heating materials with suitable resistances. Herein, high-performance vertically-oriented graphene (VG) films are directly grown on soda-lime glass by a radio-frequency (rf) plasma-enhanced chemical vapor deposition (PECVD) method, giving reasonable resistances for electrothermal heating. The optical and electrical properties of VG films are found to be tunable by optimizing the growth parameters such as growth time, carrier gas flow, etc. The electrothermal performances of the derived materials with different resistances are thus studied systematically. Specifically, the VG film on glass with a transmittance of ~73% at 550 nm and a sheet resistance of ~3.9 KΩ/□ is fabricated into a heating device, presenting a saturated temperature up to 55 °C by applying 80 V for 3 min. The VG film on the glass at a transmittance of ~43% and a sheet resistance of 0.76 KΩ/□ exhibits a highly steady temperature increase up to ~108 °C with a maximum heating rate of ~2.6 °C/s under a voltage of 60 V. Briefly, the tunable sheet resistance, good adhesion of VG to the growth substrate, relative high heating efficiency, and large heating temperature range make VG films on glass decent candidates for electrothermal related applications in defrosting and defogging devices.

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Sun, Cai Na, and Heng Hua Zhang. "Microstructural Evolution and Quenching Properties of 22MnB5 Steel for Hot Stamping during Resistance Heating." Advanced Materials Research 849 (November 2013): 75–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.849.75.

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Austenitic continuous heating transformation dynamics, microstructural evolution and quenching properties of 22MnB5 steel during resistance heating were investigated. Steel sheets with thickness of 1.6 mm were heated to various temperatures (800~1200 °C) either by resistance heating at two heating rates of 100 and 300 °C/s or furnace heating. The increment of superheat degree was parabolic relationship with increasing heating rate. Samples heated above Ac3 of respective heating rates exhibited a full martensite microstructure and a hardness of above 490 HV. Austenitic coarsening rate of resistance heating samples was much lower than those by furnace heating. Austenite grain size by resistance heating was smaller than 38 μm while these by furnace heating reached 74 μm at 1200 °C. Samples heated by resistance heating at 300 °C/s had a good performance of 1800 MPa tensile strength and 5.6 % elongation, and product of strength and elongation reaches 10080 MPa%. The good combination of tensile strength and elongation by resistance heating might result from the finer austenite grain size and smaller martensite plate.

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Liu, Xin, Wen Ji Xu, Jing Sun, and Lin Zhang. "Research on Heating Resistance in Electric Hot Machining." Advanced Materials Research 430-432 (January 2012): 209–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.430-432.209.

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Electric hot machining (EHM) can improve the cutting performance by heating resistance, consisting of metal resistance and constriction resistance, which softens the material in the deformation zone. In this paper, we present the 3D model for heating resistance and analyze its variance with experimental verification. The results show that 3D model for heating resistance can describe heating resistance well in EHM under this experiments condition.

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Wang, S., S. Wen, and D. D. L. Chung. "Resistance heating using electrically conductive cements." Advances in Cement Research 16, no. 4 (October 2004): 161–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1680/adcr.2004.16.4.161.

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Kwok, Nathan, and H. Thomas Hahn. "Resistance Heating for Self-healing Composites." Journal of Composite Materials 41, no. 13 (July 2007): 1635–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0021998306069876.

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7

Ranjib K., Chowdhury, and M. S. Krupashankara. "To measure thermal resistance to heat flow at 1600ᴼc in a compound heating resistance furnace for optimization of furnace efficiency." i-manager’s Journal on Future Engineering and Technology 17, no. 2 (2022): 7. http://dx.doi.org/10.26634/jfet.17.2.18559.

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The present paper examines the performance of a resistance heating furnace by measuring the resistance of two different heating elements, namely, Silicon Carbide (SiC) heating rods and Molybdenum Di-Silicide (MoSi2) heating elements, to raise the working chamber temperature to 1600ᴼC for heating the charge materials. SiC rods are used to raise the working chamber temperature, starting from the beginning (ambience) temperature of 35ᴼC up to 1300ᴼC. Then MoSi2 heating elements will be used to raise the chamber temperature from 1300ᴼC to the set temperature at 1600ᴼC. Transition from SiC to MoSi2, heating system is uninterrupted, and swift in heating element effected by inter-locking system (an electronic device or an electro-magnetic system) without any drop in effect. Use of two different heating elements has been tested to achieve many objectives, like saving amperage (current consumption), long life of the heating elements, and optimization of thermal efficiency for high working temperature at 1600ᴼC for long hours. This is achieved by creating resistance to the flow of electrons through an element (a good conductor for electricity as well as heat). Thus, due to high friction, a temperature is developed and heats the charged materials, up to a temperature as high as 1600ᴼC. This method is applied in an environment of air, inert gas, vacuum, etc. with no pollution, for programmable and also for non-programmable types of cycles of operations set before starting the furnace within a maximum working temperature of 1600ᴼC to achieve the objectives of a Compound Heating Resistance (CHR) furnace satisfactorily.

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Zhu, Xi Lin, Shao Tai Deng, Gang Li, and Yun Piao Li. "The Study of the Electrothermal Heating Pipe Membrane Resistance Test Equipment." Key Engineering Materials 667 (October 2015): 379–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.667.379.

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In order to detect the electrothermal heating tube internal electrothermal film resistance and the relationship between the two electrode gap, this thesis used design using a testing equipment: The two ends of the measurement period from two electrodes, and the probe spacing can be adjusted ; The two measuring points into hair heat pipe internal contact with the resistive film, using the bleeder circuit, the indirect measuring resistance membrane resistance and the relationship between the two measuring points spacing; then analyze the measurement data, the relationship between the two electrode gap and electrothermal film resistance. The use of such equipment, the measured data, we can analyze the electrothermal film heating pipe internal heating membrane resistance and two measurement of the end head distance is linear change. The linear relationship between the use of electrothermal film heating tube internal electrothermal membrane resistance, can estimate the range of internal electric heating film heating pipe resistance from two the distance between the electrodes, get the change range of heating tube power.

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Bui, Huy-Tien, and Sheng-Jye Hwang. "Development of barrel heating system in injection molding machine via induction heating." Rapid Prototyping Journal 21, no. 3 (April 20, 2015): 244–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/rpj-06-2013-0062.

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Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to develop a barrel heating system using induction heating instead of resistance heating. And, a working coil for the induction heating system was designed so that the barrel has uniform temperature distribution. Design/methodology/approach – A coupling design combining the pitch of turns of working coil with the magnetic flux concentrators in the barrel induction heating system was developed to achieve uniform temperature distribution which was approximately the same as temperature uniformity obtained from that of resistance heating system. Findings – In contrast to resistance heating method, induction heating is more efficient because the heating is directly applied on the work-piece. Its heating rate is higher than that of resistance heating method. However, the uneven temperature distribution in the barrel is the main disadvantage of the induction heating system. But, with proper design of adjusting the pitch of turns at the center of working coil and adding magnetic flux concentrators at areas with lower magnetic flux, the barrel heating system via induction can achieve temperature distribution uniformity. Originality/value – Under proper design of working coil, the barrel heating system by induction method can achieve the same uniform temperature distribution as the barrel heated by resistance method, and could be practically used in an injection molding machine.

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10

Borisov, Yu S., S. G. Vojnarovich, A. N. Kislitsa, S. N. Kalyuzhny, and V. Yu Glukhovsky. "Application of the method of microplasma spraying for manufacturing resistance heating element." Paton Welding Journal 2018, no. 2 (February 28, 2018): 33–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.15407/tpwj2018.02.07.

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11

Savu, Sorin Vasile, Daniela Tarnita, Gabriel Constantin Benga, Ilie Dumitru, Iulian Stefan, Nicolae Craciunoiu, Adrian Bebe Olei, and Ionel Danut Savu. "Microwave Technology Using Low Energy Concentrated Beam for Processing of Solid Waste Materials from Rapana thomasiana Seashells." Energies 14, no. 20 (October 18, 2021): 6780. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en14206780.

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The solid waste of Rapana thomasiana seashells both from domestic activities and natural waste on seashore can be used to obtain viable products for medical applications. However, conventional technologies applied for sintering the materials require massive energy consumption due to the resistance heating. Microwave heating represents an advanced technology for sintering, but the stability of the process, in terms of thermal runaway and microwave plasma arc discharge, jeopardizes the quality of the sintered products. This paper aims to present the results of research focused on viable heating technology and the mechanical properties of the final products. A comparative analysis, in terms of energy efficiency vs. mechanical properties, has been performed for three different heating technologies: direct microwave heating, hybrid microwave heating and resistance heating. The results obtained concluded that the hybrid microwave heating led to final products from Rapana thomasiana solid waste with similar mechanical properties compared with resistance heating. In terms of energy efficiency, the hybrid microwave heating was 20 times better than resistance heating.

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12

Abouellail, A. A. "THERMOELECTRIC MONITORING OF THERMAL RESISTANCE IN ELECTRONIC SYSTEMS." Eurasian Physical Technical Journal 20, no. 3(45) (September 21, 2023): 52–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.31489/2023no3/52-61.

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The article proposes to apply the method of thermoelectric testing to determine the thermophysical parameters of the thermal interface. A thermal interface is located between metal surfaces, between which, thermoelectromotive force occurs during heating at any stage of the device operation. The obtained graphs of the temperature difference dependence on the heating time, measured by thermocouples, and measured using thermoelectromotive force confirm the accuracy of the thermoelectric method of testing. Graphs visualize the heat transfer process with thermal resistance variation, temperature fluctuations and the resulting thermoelectromotive force. The proposed method makes it possible to monitor thermal resistance with an error of less than 8 %.

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13

Zhu, Xi Lin, and Gang Li. "The Electrothermal Heating Tube Membrane Resistance Test Method Research." Key Engineering Materials 667 (October 2015): 413–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.667.413.

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This thesis uses a kind of detection method: The two ends of the measurement period from two electrodes, and the probe spacing can be adjusted. Two measuring end head into the interior with electric heat pipe membrane contact ,used the voltage dividing circuit,relations indirect detection of electric resistance film ends with the two measuring pitch. Then the measured data analysis, obtains the relationship between the two electrode spacing and the electrothermal membrane resistance. Make this thought method may not be used to measure the electric heating film resistance, become a simple and practical method for measuring the electric heating film resistance. Using this method, the measured data can be analyzed, indirectly electrothermal film heating pipe internal resistance value and the two measurement of the end head distance is linear change. The linear relationship between the use of electrothermal film heating tube internal electric heating film resistance, the resistance can be estimated from the distance between the two electrodes, get the change range of heating tube power.

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14

Abdullazyanov, E. Yu, E. I. Gracheva, A. N. Gorlov, Z. M. Shakurova, and A. G. Logacheva. "Influence of low-voltage electrical switching and protecting devices and parameters of electrical equipment on electricity losses in workshop power supply networks." Power engineering: research, equipment, technology 23, no. 3 (July 20, 2021): 3–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.30724/1998-9903-2021-23-3-3-13.

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THE PURPOSE. To develop an algorithm for estimating electricity losses, taking into account the influencing factors in the main circuits of shop power supply. To study the influence of the main parameters of electrical equipment on the equivalent resistance of the distribution busbar. METHODS. We use element-by-element methods for calculating active power losses using equivalent resistance on the example of a section of the main circuit of the shop network. Factors affecting the equivalent busbar resistance, such as the root-mean-square load factor, the load graph shape factor, the resistance of the contact connections of switching devices, and the ambient temperature, are investigated. RESULTS. The values of the resistances of the branch lines from the busbar are calculated taking into account the heating of the conductors and the resistances of the circuit breakers and magnetic starters installed on the line during the element-by-element calculation. The relations in the value of the equivalent resistance of the busbar to the values of the resistances of the contact connections of low-voltage electrical devices installed on the branch lines from the busbar, the values of the resistances of the branch lines taking into account heating, the value of the resistance of the busbar and the values of the resistance due to the heating of the busbar are revealed. CONCLUSIONS. The share of each of the studied parameters in the value of the equivalent resistance of the busbar is determined. The value of the relative error in determining the equivalent resistance of the busbar depending on the number of connected electric receivers and taking into account the studied parameters is calculated. The estimation of the value of the electricity losses of the section of the main scheme of the shop network was carried out in accordance with the daily schedule of the load of consumers.

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15

Bui, Huy Tien, and Sheng Jye Hwang. "Development of Barrel Heating via Induction in Injection Molding Machine." Applied Mechanics and Materials 764-765 (May 2015): 249–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.764-765.249.

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A barrel heating system will be developed by using induction heating instead of current resistance heating. The experiment results showed the induction heating system can change successfully the current resistance heating system in heated the barrel of injection molding machine. A working coil coupled with magnetic concentrator bars was also considered. Finally, the uniformity of temperature distribution is compared between two barrel heating systems.

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An, Cheng Qiang, Chun Ming Liu, Hao Wang, and Shu Di Zhang. "Research on the Corrosion Resistance of Tinplate with Reflowing Technology." Advanced Materials Research 989-994 (July 2014): 208–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.989-994.208.

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Reflowing technology was used to further improve the corrosion resistance of tinplate. Through one-factor experiment, the effects of heating power, heating time, quenching water temperature on the corrosion resistance of tinplate were investigated. The results showed that heating power and time of reflowing had effects on the corrosion resistance of tinplate; The corrosion area of tin layer surface was gradually reduced with the decrease of quenching water temperature, and its corrosion resistance was enhanced. The optimum process was determined as follows: heating power is 410W, heating time is 9s, and the range of quenching water temperature is from 30°C to 50 °C.

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17

Frąc, Maksymilian, Waldemar Pichór, and Paulina Szołdra. "Cement composites with expanded graphite as resistance heating elements." Journal of Composite Materials 54, no. 25 (April 26, 2020): 3821–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0021998320921510.

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The following paper presents the results of research on cement composites with expanded graphite as resistance heating elements. Samples of cement mortar were prepared with expanded graphite obtained from intercalated graphite by means of rapid heating at 1000℃. Monotonic and cyclic self-heating tests of cement composites with differing contents of expanded graphite were conducted. In the monotonic self-heating test, the electrical current and the surface temperature of the cement composites with expanded graphite were measured at temperatures 23℃ and –10℃ in order to evaluate their capacity to generate heat. The maximum temperature of composites, the time required to raise the temperature by 10℃, and the power density were determined. Five cycles were applied in the cyclic self-heating test to investigate heat-dependent mechanical properties. The results of the research revealed that cement composites with expanded graphite exhibited promising properties for application as resistance heating elements.

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Szychta, Elzbieta, and Leszek Szychta. "Comparative Analysis of Effectiveness of Resistance and Induction Turnout Heating." Energies 13, no. 20 (October 10, 2020): 5262. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en13205262.

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Turnouts are key parts of rail roads and are exposed to adverse weather conditions such as snowfall, snow drifts, low temperatures, or sleet. Effective protection assures good turnout function and contributes to rail traffic efficiency and safety. Presently, resistance heating (RH) is the most common system of turnout heating in Europe. In this study, we attempted to implement energy-saving induction heating (IH) in order to cut costs of operation and electricity. A turnout heating test stand, including a stock-rail and a switch-rail, was executed in a climatic chamber. Air temperature was constant at the time of heating. Active power received by both the systems was identical for any measurement (450 W). Test results enabled an assessment of switch-rail position and variations of climatic chamber air temperature on growth of turnout temperatures. Effects of heating type on correct lubrication of the slide plate surface were compared. Dynamics of heating variations and their impact on effectiveness of snow or ice removal were defined for both heating systems. Turnout’s readiness for switch-rail shifting and lubrication conditions of turnout’s moving parts were compared. An in-depth comparative analysis of efficiency of RH and IH turnout heating was undertaken in the conclusion.

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Cheng, Fang Sung, and Yu Shun Cheng. "Direct Heating Billet within Die during Hot Forging Process." Applied Mechanics and Materials 479-480 (December 2013): 25–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.479-480.25.

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This paper reports a simple and effective method to increase heating efficiency and decrease heating time that renders direct heating billet within die using resistance heating system during hot forging process. The apparatus employs resistance equipment set into the forging die, and the billet was directly resistance heating by the forging die. Base on the approach, the die as a forming condition on direct heating and forging was also researched. The result of experiments shows that the billet could be heated quickly to 1000°C in about 5 seconds and the high strength material (AISI4140) was successfully formed to the shape of bolt head. With this mechanism, the rapidly heating and isothermal deformation during the hot forging process can be achieved.

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Men, Zheng Xing, Jie Zhou, and Zhi Min Xu. "Experimental Study of Hot Forming Process by Direct Resistance Heating." Materials Science Forum 704-705 (December 2011): 252–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.704-705.252.

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In order to increase heating efficiency and decrease heating time, a new hot-forging method by means of direct resistance heating was investigated in this paper. Based on the approach, the hot upsetting experiments with cylindrical billet of 42CrMo4 were performed. Moreover, the influence of the multi-layer aluminium foils inserted between the billet and the die as a forming condition on heating and forming was researched. The results of the experiments show that prior to forming the billet could be heated quickly to forming temperature in about 10 seconds. During the upsetting process the billet cooling rate was effectively decreased and the forming time was extended in relation to the resistance heating. The insertion of multi-layer aluminium foils not only improved the efficiency of the heating, but also avoided the plastic deformation of the die and the occurrence of cracks on the billet’s surface. Keywords: Resistance heating, Hot forging, upsetting, Aluminium foils Introduction

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21

Kim, Seojin, Weontae Oh, Jong-Seong Bae, Seong Baek Yang, Jeong Hyun Yeum, Jaehyeung Park, Choonghyun Sung, Jungsoo Kim, and Jae-Cheon Shin. "Heating Characteristics of Films Prepared with Polymer-Graphite Composites." International Journal of Polymer Science 2019 (August 19, 2019): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2019/3478325.

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Heating films were prepared by using poly(methyl methacrylate) and polybutadiene composites containing graphite. The heating film was prepared by casting the as-made polymer composite on the PET film. Copper electrodes were attached to both ends of the as-prepared film, and the heating characteristics of the film were analyzed while applying the DC voltage. The electrical conductivity and the heating temperature of the heating films depended on the size, the structure, the content, and the dispersion characteristics of the graphite in the composite. The electrical resistance of the heating film was controlled to adjust the heating temperature of the film. The relationship between the physical/chemical structure and the heating characteristics of the composite film was studied by measuring the heating temperature as functions of film thickness and resistance by using an infrared thermal imaging camera. The lower the film resistance, the higher the heating temperature of the film. The surface temperature was uniform throughout the film.

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22

Mitka, Michal, Ronald Bastovansky, Frantisek Brumercik, and Piotr Ignaciuk. "Molybdenum Sheet Local Resistance Heating Test Device." Advances in Science and Technology Research Journal 11, no. 3 (September 3, 2017): 87–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.12913/22998624/74182.

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23

Morgan, V. T. "Joule adiabatic heating of high-resistance alloys." IEE Proceedings A Physical Science, Measurement and Instrumentation, Management and Education, Reviews 132, no. 1 (1985): 74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1049/ip-a-1.1985.0012.

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Slonim, M., and A. Tslaf. "Joule adiabatic heating of high-resistance alloys." IEE Proceedings A Physical Science, Measurement and Instrumentation, Management and Education, Reviews 132, no. 1 (1985): 74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1049/ip-a-1.1985.0013.

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25

Maeno, Tomoyoshi, Yuya Yamashita, and Ken-Ichiro Mori. "Hot Stamping of Titanium Alloy Sheets into U Shape with Concave Bottom and Joggle Using Resistance Heating." Key Engineering Materials 716 (October 2016): 915–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.716.915.

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The hot stamping of α+β titanium alloy sheet into U shape with concave bottom using resistance heating were performed. Since both edges of the sheet in contact with a pair of electrodes were not heated, cracks occurred around the corners of the bottom due to the partially high flow stress. The cracks were prevented by slitting both edges before resistance heating because of the elongation of the edges. In addition, the hot stamping of titanium alloy sheet into joggle using partial resistance heating were performed. The distortion of sheet was reduced by reduction in area of resistance heating

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Vyazankin, Vitaliy Valer'evich, Victor Andreevich Mamontov, Sergey Vladimirovich Vinogradov, and Semen Vital'evich Vyazankin. "Calculation and design of the heating furnace for straightening experimental samples of ship shafts." Vestnik of Astrakhan State Technical University. Series: Marine engineering and technologies 2023, no. 4 (November 27, 2023): 35–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.24143/2073-1574-2023-4-35-39.

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During operation the shafts of responsible purpose, which have received a curvature of the longitudinal axis and are not allowed for further operation, are subjected to correction with heating. The following heating methods are considered: with the use of a gas burner, induction heating, as well as tubular resistance furnaces. The use of a gas burner causes difficulties in the heating process controlling and the appearance of defects due to uneven heating afterwards. The diagram of the device for heating the shaft with a gas burner is illustrated. The scheme of induction heating of the shaft section is considered. During induction heating, it is necessary to use special equipment. It is proposed to use a tubular resistance furnace in an experimental study. The requirements for the material of the heating element are considered. A wire made of chromium-nickel alloy nichrome H20N80 for the heating element was selected. The layout of the tubular resistance furnace was made and materials were selected. The design of a resistance furnace for insulated windings is presented. Calculations of the length, diameter and number of turns of the heating element are performed. After manufacturing, a test heating of the sample was carried out. It is concluded that the furnace power was sufficient to warm up the sample to the required temperature of 650 °C for three hours.

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Tanaka, Kazuto, Ririko Habe, Masayoshi Tanaka, and Tsutao Katayama. "Carbon Fiber Reinforced Thermoplastics Molding by Using Direct Resistance Heating to Carbon Nanofilaments Grafted Carbon Fiber." Journal of Composites Science 3, no. 1 (February 1, 2019): 14. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jcs3010014.

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In the automobile industry, carbon fiber reinforced thermoplastics (CFRTP) have attracted attention as potential materials to reduce the weight of the automobile body. In order to apply CFRTP to mass-produced automobile parts, it is necessary to develop the reduction of molding time and the impregnation method into the carbon fiber (CF) for the thermoplastic resin, which has relatively high viscosity. Although the conventional hot press molding uses only the heat transfer from the mold to the molding materials, it is expected to develop a new molding method for CFRTP using heat generation of the materials themselves to overcome these issues. As a method of heating the carbon fiber, there is a direct resistance heating method, in which carbon fiber is directly energized and heated by Joule heat. We have developed resistance welding methods in which carbon nanotube (CNT) grafted carbon fiber (CNT-CF) is used for the heating elements, and revealed that the higher welded strength is obtained by using CNT-CF instead of CF. Therefore, the carbon nanofilaments (CNF) grafted carbon fiber (CNF-CF) including CNF-CF is expected not only to be used as a resistance heating medium at the time of joining but also as a reinforcing fiber and as a self-heating member at the time of molding. In this study, we develop the CFRTP molding method by using direct resistance heating to CNF-CF in the hot press molding. CFRTP ([0°]20) with the volume fractions (Vf) of 40% are molded by conventional hot press and hot press with direct resistance heating to reinforcing fiber. CF or CNF-CF is used for reinforcement. CFRTP molded by hot press with direct resistance heating to CNF-CF indicated lower void content than CFRTP molded by hot press with direct resistance heating to CF. Compared to CFRTP molding by only hot press, hot press molding with direct resistance heating to CNF-CF can mold CFRTP with low void content.

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Wang, Mei Zhi, Ji Jun Liu, Zhong Hong Wu, Zhao Hui Chen, and Jian Hui Tian. "Effect of Ground-Coupled Heat Pump Technique Application on Economic Performance and Emission Reduction in Swine Farm in Beijing China." Advanced Materials Research 610-613 (December 2012): 3196–201. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.610-613.3196.

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To find low carbon heating measures in swine farms in Beijing China, A study of swine houses with area of 920 m2in swine farms in Beijing China was conducted and economic performance, emission reduction of ground-coupled heat pump (GCHP) heating system, coal fired heating system and other heating systems were analyzed and compared. The results showed that the initial investment of ground-coupled heat pump system was more than that of the coal fired heating system, the relative running cost of the heating systems of ground-coupled heat pump, coal fired, electricity resistance and natural gas was 0.86, 1.00, 3.17 and 1.22, respectively. CO2avoidances of GCHP heating systems were 57% and 73%, respectively, compared with conventional coal fired heating system and electricity resistance heating.

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Choi, Kyeong-Eun, Chan-Hee Park, and Min-Kang Seo. "Electrical and Resistance Heating Properties of Carbon Fiber Heating Element for Car Seat." Applied Chemistry for Engineering 27, no. 2 (April 10, 2016): 210–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.14478/ace.2016.1018.

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30

Zhengxing, Men, Wang Menghan, Ma Yaxin, Yue Taiwen, and Liu Ruilin. "Application of Direct Resistance Heating in Hot Forging and Analysis of Processing Parameters based on Thermo-electro-mechanical Coupling FEM." High Temperature Materials and Processes 37, no. 6 (June 26, 2018): 531–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/htmp-2016-0236.

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AbstractA series of experiments were designed in order to directly heat the billet of 42CrMo4 to the forming temperature in the dies prior to forming and continue to heat the billet during the forming process. Processing parameters during heating and forming were investigated by experimental method and thermo-electro-mechanical coupling FEM. The experimental results show that prior to forming the billet could be rapidly heated to forming temperature under relatively low initial contact pressure, and the heating temperature was proportional to the square of the current intensity. When the heating current remained constant, the heating temperature could not increase with heating time. During the forming process, the billet cooling rate slowed down and the forming time was extended due to the continuous resistance heating during forming. Finally, an incrementally coupled thermo-electro-mechanical model has been developed to analyze the hot-forging process by direct resistance heating. To obtain the transient temperature field prior to forming, a simple model of contact resistance was used in the thermal-electrical simulation, in which the electrical conductance of the contact resistance was proportional to the heating temperature. Contrasted the experimental results and the simulation results, it was found that they coincided well.

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ARCHER, JULIE, EMMA T. JERVIS, JON BIRD, and JOY E. GAZE. "Heat Resistance of Salmonella weltevreden in Low-Moisture Environments." Journal of Food Protection 61, no. 8 (August 1, 1998): 969–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.4315/0362-028x-61.8.969.

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The heat resistance of Salmonella weltevreden inoculated into flour and heated in hot air was determined for (a) an initial water activity (aw) range of 0.20 to 0.60 prior to heating, (b) a range of storage relative humidities of 6.0 to 35.5% prior to heating, and (c) temperatures of 57 to 77°C. The death curves obtained were biphasic, demonstrating an initial rapid decline in the numbers of survivors (1.0- to 1.5-log reductions) during the first 5 to 10 min of heating for all the temperature-water activity combinations tested. Following this initial rapid decline in the number of cells, a linear survivor curve was obtained where inactivation occurred at a slower rate. The initial decline in survivors coincided with a rapid decrease in the water activity of all the samples tested. Irrespective of the initial water activity level in the samples prior to heating, the aw decreased to <0.2 during the first 5 to 10 min of heating. The D values obtained for these experimental parameters ranged from a D60–62 of 875 min at an initial aw of 0.4 to a D63–65 of 29 min at an initial aw of 0.5. The results demonstrated that, for any temperature, as the initial water activity of the sample prior to heating decreased, the heat resistance of the cells increased. The z values obtained from these data ranged from 15.2 to 53.9°C. The relative humidity during storage prior to heating did not appear to have a significant effect on the heat resistance of S. weltevreden in flour. These results demonstrate that the amount of available water in foods that are considered to be “dry” (i.e., with a water activity less than 0.60) will significantly influence the effectiveness of the heat processing of foods and, in addition to the temperature, the aw prior to heating is a critical controlling factor during these processes.

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Toropov, Alexey L. "Hydraulic and thermal stability of independent systems of apartment heating." Vestnik MGSU, no. 7 (July 2022): 944–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.22227/1997-0935.2022.7.944-953.

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Introduction. Individual apartment heating has been used in the Russian Federation since 1998. More than two million wall-mounted gas boilers were installed in the apartments of apartment buildings, 99 percent of which are wall-mounted double-circuit convection boilers with atmospheric burners. Their hydraulic and thermal stability is a requirement of the current standards for the design of heating systems. The heat generator of independent heating systems is part of a single circulation circuit; it has its own hydraulic resistance. The circulation of coolant and transfer of thermal energy through the pipelines to heating appliances is performed by the circulation pump. Stability of an independent heating system, in contrast to the centralized one, depends on the regulatory parameters of energy supply (pressure, calorific value of gas, voltage of the electric network). Materials and methods. The authors studied the thermal capacity parameters of the gas burner and the circulation pump within the framework of current standards of variable supply of energy resources and their influence on the hydraulic and thermal stability of systems. Results. Quantitative results of the studied parameters were obtained. The authors identified the coefficient of heat power generation depending on gas pressure, range of pressure change and flow characteristics of circulation pumps, wall boiler hydraulic resistance, influence of thermostatic valves of heating appliances and the use of antifreezes. Conclusion. An independent heating system differs from a centralized one in that a heat generator and a circulation pump are its integral parts. The operating parameters of independent heating systems depend on standard parameters of energy resources supply. Hydraulic resistance does not determine thermal stability. When calculating the hydraulic resistance of the heating circuit, it is necessary to take into account the hydraulic resistance of the gas boiler. Thermal heads on heating appliances and antifreezes in the system of independent apartment heating contradict the concept of hydraulic stability of the heating circuit. Thermal stability of an apartment heating system should be checked taking into account the algorithms of the heat generator performance.

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Dehghan-Manshadi, Ali, Nicholas Hoye, Bob de Jong, and Rian J. Dippenaar. "Resistance Heated Pressing (RHP): A Novel Technique for Fabrication of Titanium Alloys." Key Engineering Materials 520 (August 2012): 341–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.520.341.

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A novel powder metallurgical technique for the fabrication of titanium alloys has been developed by utilizing a pressure-assisted, resistance-heating sintering technique. In this technique, the high electrical resistance of oxide layers present on the surface of powder particles has been exploited to ensure effective resistance heating of green compacts. Ti-6Al-4V pre-alloyed powders of 100 µm size were compressed while being heated under a variety of conditions of sintering temperature, pressure and time. The outcomes of our experiments have proven that resistance heating can be a very effective means of heating during powder consolidation. The results have indicated that the required sintering time and temperature in the new resistance-heated sintering technique are much reduced in compared to sinter-press and/or hot isostatic pressing techniques, resulting in a refined microstructure with a concomitant improvement in mechanical properties.

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Terhorst, Michael, Fritz Klocke, Stefan Niebes, Fabian Schongen, and Patrick Mattfeld. "Energy-Efficient Solid Forward Extrusion through Hybridization Based on Process-Integrated Resistance Heating." Key Engineering Materials 554-557 (June 2013): 620–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.554-557.620.

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In this paper a hybridized solid forward extrusion process is proposed that uses a process-integrated resistance heating for the energy-efficient heating of the workpiece material in order to avoid the occurrence of chevron cracks. As for the process-integration of the resistance heating two variations are regarded: the preheating of the wrought material prior to the forming process as well as a resistance heating concurrent with the extrusion process. Based on a three-shouldered solid forward extrusion of Cf53 with emerging chevron cracks the broad temperature interval for crack elimination is derived from experiments where the wrought material is preheated in a furnace. With this derived temperature a numerical approach for the dimensioning of a resistance heating of both prior to the forming process and during extrusion is shown. The approach is based on solving the Fourier heat transfer equation using both numerical algorithms in MATLAB and finite element method (FEM) in Deform-2D. In a final step the two scenarios heating prior to and during the extrusion process are evaluated in terms of their energy-efficiency using FEM.

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Vasilchenko, Alexey, Yuriy Otrosh, Nikolay Adamenko, Evgeny Doronin, and Andrey Kovalov. "Feature of fire resistance calculation of steel structures with intumescent coating." MATEC Web of Conferences 230 (2018): 02036. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/matecconf/201823002036.

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The problem of estimation of fire resistance of steel frame structures with intumescent coatings is considered. It implies that both physical properties of a covering (its thickness and structure) and mechanical properties of a metal structure change critically at heating. All above changes should be considered to maintain the standard values of fire resistance of a construction at calculation. Usually, known technical characteristics of fire resistance of intumescent coverings are used for estimation of fire resistance of steel structures with intumescent coverings. Importance of taking into account the influence of strength loss time at heating of a steel structure on calculation of fire resistance limit of system “intumescent fireproof coating steel structure” is shown in the article. On an example of calculation of heating time to the critical temperature of steel columns and beams protected by intumescent coating, it is shown that own heating time of steel structures before they lose strength makes 10 to 16 % from a settlement limit of fire resistance. This fact should be considered at the forecast of fire resistance of steel frame structures with intumescent coatings.

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Karpets, Yu V., Yu E. Kolupaev, and T. O. Yastreb. "Signal mediators at induction of heat resistance of wheat plantlets by short-term heating." Ukrainian Biochemical Journal 87, no. 6 (December 25, 2015): 104–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.15407/ubj87.06.104.

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Tian, Yanan, Haosen Wang, Yongjiang Shi, Jiayu Rong, Zhenhua Ma, and Cong Xie. "Determination and Application of Comprehensive Specific Frictional Resistance in Heating Engineering." Mathematical Problems in Engineering 2018 (2018): 1–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2018/4852361.

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In this study, we analyze the deficiencies of specific frictional resistance in heating engineering. Based on economic specific frictional resistance, we put forward the concept of comprehensive specific frictional resistance, which considers the multiple factors of technology, economy, regulation modes, pipe segment differences, and medium pressure. Then, we establish a mathematical model of a heating network across its lifespan in order to develop a method for determining the comprehensive specific frictional resistance. Relevant conclusions can be drawn from the results. As an application, we have planned the heating engineering for Yangyuan County in China, which demonstrates the feasibility and superiority of the method.

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Ann Annie Shaju, G. Anjaly. "Ohmic Heating Technology - A Review." International Journal of Current Microbiology and Applied Sciences 10, no. 12 (December 10, 2021): 177–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.20546/ijcmas.2021.1012.020.

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Ohmic heating is a novel technology for food processing. This review paper summarizes there search progress and application in Ohmic heating technology used in food processing. Ohmic heating is an electrical resistance heating method for the heat treatment of food products. When electric current passes through the food, the food heats up because of its internal electrical resistance. In this process heating rate depends upon the electrical conductivity and field strength. By this method a product under goes a minimum structural damage, retain its nutritional value. This technique gives excellent processed quality products in minimum operating time.

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Malyavina, Elena G. "Assessment of Heat Saving from Intermittent Heating of Buildings with Different Thermal Stability." Materials Science Forum 931 (September 2018): 910–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.931.910.

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Modern buildings are characterized by a high resistance to the heat transfer of the outdoor enclosing structures, a high density of translucent structures, which put the intermittent room heating in the conditions when the formerly made surveys of the past years are not sufficient. The heat resistance of the building enclosing structures reduces the savings in the intermittent heat supply for heating needs, as it requires an intensive heating before the start of the working days. The more the power of a heating system is and the shorter the heating time is, the more economical the operation mode of this system is. The less the internal heat resistance of the room is, the greater the heat economy is. The thermal savings are bigger, if the room cools quicker after reduction of the heat supply.

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Demazel, N., H. Laurent, M. Carin, P. Le Masson, and H. Salmon-Legagneur. "A direct resistance heating method for shaped blank." Journal of Manufacturing Processes 62 (February 2021): 772–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jmapro.2020.12.056.

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Cunningham, S. E., J. H. Griffin, and G. B. Sinclair. "On stress intensities induced by direct resistance heating." International Journal of Fracture 33, no. 2 (February 1987): 135–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf00033745.

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YAGI, Fumiaki, Kenji AMAYA, and Kenji HIRAMOTO. "244 Efficient optimization method of homogeneous resistance heating." Proceedings of The Computational Mechanics Conference 2008.21 (2008): 726–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1299/jsmecmd.2008.21.726.

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Ceviz, Gulin, Yahya Tulek, and Ahmet Hilmi Con. "Thermal resistance ofAlicyclobacillus acidoterrestrisspores in different heating media." International Journal of Food Science & Technology 44, no. 9 (September 2009): 1770–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2621.2009.01995.x.

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Zhang, Kun, Baoguo Han, and Xun Yu. "Nickel particle based electrical resistance heating cementitious composites." Cold Regions Science and Technology 69, no. 1 (October 2011): 64–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.coldregions.2011.07.002.

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MAKI, Seijiro, Shinpei MATSUDA, and Eitoku NAKANISHI. "305 Local Hardening of Steel Using Resistance Heating." Proceedings of the Materials and processing conference 2010.18 (2010): _305–1_—_305–5_. http://dx.doi.org/10.1299/jsmemp.2010.18._305-1_.

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Chu, G. N., Y. L. Lin, and M. Q. Ding. "Hot Hydroforming of 22MnB5 Tube by Resistance Heating." JOM 68, no. 7 (May 10, 2016): 1983–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11837-016-1938-6.

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Bui, Huy-Tien, and Sheng-Jye Hwang. "Design of an induction heating coil coupled with magnetic flux concentrators for barrel heating of an injection molding machine." Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part C: Journal of Mechanical Engineering Science 229, no. 3 (June 5, 2014): 518–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0954406214537806.

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In an injection molding machine, the conventional barrel heating system which uses resistance heating method (RH) has some drawbacks such as low heating rate, long heating time, and energy loss. With induction heating (IH) technique, the barrel can better handle almost all of these disadvantages. However, non-uniform temperature distribution on inside surface of a barrel is the main drawback of induction heaters. A working coil coupled with magnetic flux concentrators via adjustment of magnetic flux concentrator spacing to achieve uniformity of magnetic flux and temperature distribution on the inside surface of a barrel was proposed and experimented. Results showed that, when barrel was heated by induction heating method with the proposed induction heating coil, heating time to reach a specific temperature could be reduced, and heating rate increased compared to resistance heating method. With 8 mm pitch of magnetic flux concentrators on a coil, the temperature distribution was the most uniform.

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Flaga, Stanisław, Ireneusz Dominik, and Marek Szybiński. "Testing the Uniformity of Surface Resistance on Large-Format Transparent Heating Glass." Sensors 23, no. 21 (October 26, 2023): 8738. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s23218738.

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The design of a glazing package containing heating glass can make a window a radiator simultaneously. For such bulky glass to act as an effective radiator simultaneously, it should be possible to provide a constant temperature over the entire surface. The continuous surface temperature of the glass depends on the uniformity of the surface resistance of the resistive layer. This paper will demonstrate the testing of heating glass parameters using a specialised apparatus. The research will mainly focus on measuring the value and distribution of the surface resistance of the transparent heating layer. A thermographic study will verify the results. As the heating glass will be subjected to a toughening process, the effect of the toughening process parameters on the degradation of the transparent heating film will be investigated.

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Jeong, W. J., Q. Wang, H. D. Yun, and S. Y. Seo. "Electrical Properties of Strain-Hardening Cement Composite (SHCC) with Multi-Walled Carbon Nanotubes Exposed to High temperature up to 900 °C." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 2548, no. 1 (July 1, 2023): 012021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/2548/1/012021.

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Abstract Cement-based sensors mixed with carbon nanotube (CNTs) for structural health monitoring were studied to detect changes in electrical resistance under the influence of temperature, pressure, and mass. Strain-hardening concrete composite mixed with CNT was heated to 900 °C to analyze the electrical resistance characteristics at high temperatures. The temperature and electrical resistance were measured using a thermocouple and an LCR meter during the heating and cooling processes. The resistance trend changed between 300 and 400 °C during the heating process, after which the resistance change rate with respect to temperature decreased. At 700 °C or higher, the resistance became larger as the initial resistance increases. In the cooling process, when the temperature dropped below 700 °C, a rapid change in resistance was observed, and the resistance began to drop sharply between 500 °C and 600 °C to become negative resistance. Following this, self-sensing ability decreased owing to changes in the resistance with respect to temperature. Multi-walled carbon nanotubes could not be distinguished by scanning electron microscope imaging after heating.

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Lei, Su. "Study of Influence Effect on Heat Transfer Performance of Single-Loop Oscillating Heat Pipe." Applied Mechanics and Materials 535 (February 2014): 114–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.535.114.

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s. The experiment studied the effect of heat source temperature, heating section length ratio, cooling air flow rate, liquid filling rate and pipe diameter on the heat transfer performance of the single-loop red copper-water oscillating heat pipe. The results show that increasing heat source temperature or pipe diameter and reducing filling rate can obviously reduce the thermal resistance of the heat pipe; in the air cooling mode, the cooling thermal resistance outside the pipe is affected by both cooling conditions and heat pipe cooling section average temperature; when the heating section is shorter than the cooling section, the heat pipe thermal resistance shows an apparent trend of increasing with the increase of heating section length ratio, when the heating section is longer than the cooling section, the cooling thermal resistance increases with it apparently; the heat transfer power is the highest when the filling rate is 50%.

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Journal articles on the topic 'Resistance heating'

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