Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Résistance thermique de contact'
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Yin-Zhang, Xiaojing. "Détermination de résistances thermiques de contact en géométrie cylindrique." Vandoeuvre-les-Nancy, INPL, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993INPL131N.
Full textMarchand, Anne-Sophie. "Etude de la résistance thermique de contact à l'interface de solides déformables en frottement." Lyon, INSA, 1998. http://theses.insa-lyon.fr/publication/1998ISAL0113/these.pdf.
Full textA numerical study is realised to estimate the Thermal Contact Resistance (TCR) between the tool and the workpiece during forming processes. The approach is based on a thermo-mechanical microscopic model of the contacting surfaces which assumes that during the relative motion between the tool and the workpiece, the perfectly rigid tool asperities create plastic waves on the workpiece contact surface. Empirical relationships are proposed, to determine the TCR as a function of the interface geometry and the thermal properties. The predictive capability of the relationships is obtained by comparing its outputs with the TCR determined from the numerical calculation. Furthermore, an experimental set up is designed so as to compare the experimental and the numerical values of the TCR and to validate the correlations for dry contacts. Another validation is also done by comparing the results with other thermal models for a particular geometry. These correlations are introduced in the numerical code of hot forming processes
Milos̆ević, Nenad. "Mesure de la diffusivité thermique et de la résistance de contact thermique des couches minces sur des substrats par la méthode impulsionnelle." Lyon, INSA, 2008. http://theses.insa-lyon.fr/publication/2008ISAL0025/these.pdf.
Full textThe purpose of this work is to revise and improve one, as well as establish and develop the other pulse method for the measurements of thermal diffusivity and thermal contact resistance of thin layers deposited on substrate. To carry out this mission, the work was directed to following three axes: 1. Theoretical studies, having included both analytical and also numerical resolutions of heat conduction differential equations, for the corresponding initial and boundary conditions. 2. Numerical studies, having contained methods and procedures of parameter estimation, being applied in the particular problem. 3. Experimental studies, having implied modifications and development of the experimental setup, as well as execution of different experiments. In the first direction, one established several models that corresponded to one- ant two-dimensional heat conduction through a tow-layered system, implying general and particular initial and boundary conditions. In the second direction, for a study of the estimation possibilities of unknown parameters, as it was the thermal diffusivity of thin layer, in the presence of the uncertainties of known parameters, one applied and developed two different estimation procedures: first, direct, with original parameters, and the second, optimal, with modified parameters. Finally, in the third direction, one studied experimental problems, appropriate to the experimental setup and measurement itself, established another setup for two-dimensional measurements, and applied these devices, procedures, and thermal models obtained from the previous studies, to real different samples with thin layers
Bezerra, Filho Celso Rosendo. "Etude des résistances thermiques de contact en régime périodique." Lyon, INSA, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998ISAL0107.
Full textPrevious works on thermal contact resistance under periodic regimes showed that the thermal contact resistance concept is not always accurate probably because the solid thermal inertia or others unknown phenomena are not counted for. In order to better understand the physical mechanisms, an experimental set-up was design and realized to study the thermal contact between two solids. The thermal contact resistance under atmospheric pressure or under vacuum can be determined from the measurements of the amplitude ratio or from the measurements of the phase shift of the temperature variations between two points located on each side of the contact interface. In addition, the micro displacements due to the thermal expansion can be measured. This study showed that the thermal resistance decreases regularly with the thermal cycling. This variation is the consequence of the micro displacements (fretting) of the surfaces in contact which modify continuously the surface rugosity. This phenomenon was confirmed with surface micrographics. A numerical simulation was also done to study the influence of two dimensional heat conduction in the sarnple. It showed that the determination of the thermal contact resistance, particularly from the phase shift, is very sensitive to such bidimensional effect. This work indicates that the unexplained phenomena observed in the past were probably caused by the micro displacements and bidimensional heat conduction that are usually neglected
De, Indrayush. "Thermal characterization of nanostructures using scanning thermal microscopy." Thesis, Bordeaux, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017BORD0563/document.
Full textThe objective of this thesis is to master quantitative aspects when using nearfield thermal microscopy by using the scanning thermal microscopy technique (SThM). We start by taking an in-depth look into the work performed previously by other scientist and research organizations. From there, we understand the progress the SThM probes have made through the decades, understand the probe sensitivity to the range of conductivity of the materials under investigation, verify the resistances encountered when the probe comes in contact with the sampl and the applications of SThM.Then we look into the equipment necessary for performing tests to characterize material thermal properties. The SThM we use is based on atomic force microscope (AFM) with a thermal probe attached at the end. The AFM is described in this work along with the probes we have utilized.For the purpose of our work, we are only using thermoresistive probes that play the role of the heater and the thermometer. These probes allow us to obtain sample temperature and thermalconductivity. We use two different types of thermal probes – 2-point probe and 4-point probe with SiO2 or with Si3N4 cantilever. Both the probes are very similar when it comes to functioning with the major difference being that the 4-point probe doesn’t have current limiters. Then, we present the use of recent heat-resistive probes allowing to reach a spatial resolution of the orde rof 100 nm under atmosphere and of 30 nm under vacuum. These probes can be used in passive mode for measuring the temperature at the surface of a material or component and in activemode for the determination of the thermal properties of these systems. Using thermoresistive probes means that no specialized devices are necessary for operation. Using simple commercialsolutions like simple AC or DC current and Wheatstone bridge are sufficient to provide basic thermal images. In our case we have also utilized other industrial devices and a home madeSThM setup to further improve the quality of measurement and accuracy. All the elements of the experimental setup have been connected using GPIB and that have been remotely controlled from a computer using a code developed under Python language. This code allows to make the frequency dependent measurement as well as the probe calibration. [...]
Bendada, Abdelhakim. "Tomographie infrarouge stimulée : estimation d'une résistance d'interface non uniforme." Vandoeuvre-les-Nancy, INPL, 1995. http://docnum.univ-lorraine.fr/public/INPL_T_1995_BENDADA_A.pdf.
Full textKaza, Guy. "Contribution à l'étude de la résistance thermique de contact et à sa modélisation à travers l'écrasement de l'interface tôle-outil dans la mise en forme à chaud de tôles d'acier." Toulouse 3, 2010. http://thesesups.ups-tlse.fr/1249/.
Full textAn exploratory study has been conducted to estimate the thermal contact resistance (TCR) in hot forming at the sheet/tool interface, in order to understand its relationships with pressure and surface roughness parameters. The importance of the TCR in applications such as hot stamping comes from the fact that it controls the heat exchanges directly and has an indirect effect on the properties of the final parts. The study is focused on the feasibility of measuring the TCR between a tool made of X38CrMoV5 steel and a steel sheet made especially for hot stamping. The grade of sheet used in the study is 22MnB5 grade. Two facilities developed at the LETEE and at ICA-Albi have helped to assess the influence of contact pressure on TCR in constant thermal conditions for the LETEE and transient conditions for the ICA-Albi respectively. A range of pressures between 4 and 80 MPa has been explored on the LETEE facility. A decrease in TCR from 2 × 10-4 to 6 × 10-5 m2KW-1 in order of magnitude was measured. The influence of surface roughness has been investigated through two surface states on X38CrMoV5 tool samples: one is a ground surface and the other is a polished state. The results showed slightly larger values of TCR for rectified samples. The trend of decreasing TCR with an increase in pressure has been confirmed on the ICA-Albi facility. Variations between 3. 4 × 10-4 m2KW-1 and 2. 7 × 10-4 m2KW-1 have been measured for a range of pressures from 40 to 160 MPa. In comparison, the values obtained are on average twice as high than those measured at the LETEE and with lower measurement variations. The TCR has then been subject to a two steps modelling process. The first step is focused on site crushing of asperities taking into account their rheological behavior (elastic, plastic or elastoplastic) to assess the contact area. The second step consisted in defining a relationship between the TCR and the contact pressure from a predefined model, linking the contact area to the TCR. From the resulting conductance model, a simulation of contact has been conducted under ABAQUSTM. By simulation, the evolution of temperatures according to contact pressure has been reproduced with a maximum deviation of 5°C from experimental temperature measurements
Fataoui, Khalid. "Développement de modèles thermomécaniques de construction de dépôts obtenus par projection thermique : modèle mécano thermique de l’étalement de la gouttelette." Phd thesis, Limoges, 2007. https://aurore.unilim.fr/theses/nxfile/default/048a5982-9bce-49a7-b191-0ed4e6268e4a/blobholder:0/2007LIMO4057.pdf.
Full textTo understand the structure of the coatings obtained by thermal projection, it is crucial to study the dynamic and thermal phenomena on a particle scale which is crushed on the substrate, then spread and solidifies by cooling in contact with the target. The thermo mechanical properties of the coatings carried out by thermal projection are related to the quality of the contact between the layers piled up the ones on the others. This contact depends on the impact of the drop and varies in an important way according to its physical properties (size, temperature, velocity, etc. ) and of those of the substrate (nature, temperature, morphology, etc. ). A great number of phenomena are induced during thermal spray process. Coatings are seat of residual mechanical constraints which it is advisable to understand in a qualitative way and to evaluate quantitatively. The computational models give a support to predict, interpret and explain the experimental results (particularly at scales not easily accessible to measurability). The process of spraying and spreading of a drop on a solid surface remains a complex phenomenon and difficult to control. However this study allows a sensitive advance in the comprehension of the flow of the liquid particle and the interactions between solid phases and liquids on the one hand and on the other hand between drops which are simultaneously sprayed on solid surface or on early sprayed layers. It describes the solution methods of the thermo mechanical model of drops impact (copper, zirconia, enamel) on solid substrates, and valid the obtained results by comparison with available experimental and numerical ones
Merlin, Kevin. "Caractérisation thermique d'un matériau à changement de phase dans une structure conductrice." Thesis, Nantes, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016NANT4004/document.
Full textWaste heat recovery is a challenge for the improvement of energy efficiency. Latent heat storage is a solution that addresses this issue. We focus on industrial processes with high energy on power ratios. One of the identified processes is the sterilization of food products. However, phase change materials, which have low thermal conductivities, do not provide sufficient thermal powers for these applications. The improvement of the heat exchange surface or the increase in thermal conductivity of the material are then necessary. A first experimental thermal storage comparing various heat transfer intensification techniques was achieved. The concept based on paraffin and Expanded Natural Graphite (ENG) has proven to be the most efficient compared to solutions using fins or graphite powder. The thermal characterization of the selected composite material ENG/paraffin was performed by several methods. Effective thermal conductivities values of about 20 W.m-1.K-1 were obtained. In a second step, a 100kW/6kW.h demonstrator is designed and realized. This device tested on an existing sterilization process provides an energy saving of 15%, as expected. The identification of the planar thermal conductivity of the composite material and the influence of the thermal contact resistance are carried out using an experimental device, coupled to a numerical model. Finally, an aging device is used to study the thermal stability of this material
Mebdoua, Yamina. "Etude numérique des phénomènes thermiques contrôlant la solidification d’une lamelle en projection thermique : application à la formation du dépôt." Limoges, 2008. https://aurore.unilim.fr/theses/nxfile/default/5f8eed67-de84-4933-bdae-5b843fdfcdda/blobholder:0/2008LIMO4019.pdf.
Full textThe properties of plasma sprayed coatings are essentially linked to the structure of a single splat and to the quality of contact between the piled-up splats. The splat structure is, to a great extend, controlled by the rapid solidification process of the splats constituting the coating. The undertaken work of this PhD thesis consists of a simple numerical study which treats the heat transfer between a melted alumina splat and a solid smooth substrate. This one-dimensional heat transfer model is based on the heat diffusion in the solidifying splat and the substrate including heterogeneous nucleation and crystal growth kinetic. It is, essentially based on the assumption that the splat spreading and solidification are two independent phenomena. The model predicts the nucleation temperature, the grain density and their size distribution. The numerical calculations show that the contact angle, formed between the nucleus and the substrate surface, is a key parameter which affects the nucleation temperature and the grain densities. These calculated results are compared to experimental ones of an alumina splat sprayed on stainless steel and alumina substrates leading to a real contact angle ranging from 60 to 80 degrees. The model predicts also, the effect of the splat thickness, the constant or time dependent thermal contact resistance at the splat-substrate interface, the substrate material, his initial temperature and the oxidation of metallic preheated substrates, on the nucleation process, on the grain size distribution, and on the solidification velocity in the splat. A good thermal contact between the splat and the substrate is expressed by a thermal contact resistance of the order of 10-8 to 10-7 m². K/W, these values correspond to an initial substrate temperature higher than the transition temperature above which the splat is disk shaped, whereas a poor thermal contact (10-6 m². K/W) corresponds to an initial substrate temperature lower then the transition and a fingered splat shape
Nemer, Maroun. "Modélisation de fours de brasage sous vide et validation expérimentale. Méthode de réduction du temps de brasage." Paris, ENMP, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005ENMP1348.
Full textMurer, Yann. "Établissement de modèles prévisionnels du comportement thermo-acoustique de structures composites multicouches et sandwichs." Toulouse, ENSAE, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998ESAE0022.
Full textMoussa, Tala. "Refroidissement du pont de contact meule / verre plat par un échangeur multi-jets lors du façonnage." Nantes, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013NANT2069.
Full textIn the process of flat glass shaping, grindstone-glass interface temperature can reach high values, exceeding the glass transition temperature. This work concerns two aspects related to this manufacturing method: the first is heat transfer in the grindstone and the glass, as well as at their interface; the second is the cooling of the grindstone by a series of water impinging jets stemming from a curved fluid distributor. The cooling process was numerically and experimentally investigated. The objective was the analysis of the distributor hydraulics, internally (flow hydrodynamics in the curved channel, velocity profiles, flow rate distribution,. . ) and externally, associated with the jet impingement on the grindstone. On the other hand, the grindstone thermal study addressed the assessment of the influence of machining parameters on the glass temperature, as well as the measurement of interfacial thermal parameters. Temperature measurements were carried out in the grindstone by means of microthermocouples and a miniature telemetry device. An innovative method based on thermocouple bands located on both sides of the glass plate allowed glass temperature recording during the process. Finally, by means of simultaneous measurements in the grindstone and the glass, it was possible to evaluate interfacial parameters, such as the generated heat flux, the flux sharing coefficient, as well as a possible range for the value of the grindstone-glass thermal contact resistance
Metjari, Anas. "Méthodologie de calibration DC/AC de sondes thermorésistives pour la microscopie thermique. Applications à la quantification des échanges pointe/environnements et à la mesure de résistances thermiques de contact." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université de Lorraine, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020LORR0291.
Full textThis PhD-thesis work focuses on the characterization of heat transport in nanomaterials by scanning thermal microscopy (SThM). This technique is used to measure the thermal properties of micro-objects at the scale of a few tens of nanometers. Achieving quantitative measurements at these scales remains a challenge due to the complexity of the heat exchanges at the interface between the probe and the sample. To address these issues, we have developed an experimental bench to control the environment and thus control the heat transfer modes. We have also set up a frequency approach (3ω) for the thermal study. The experimental signals obtained on this bench were compared and analyzed using detailed finite element modeling of the SThM tip. In this framework we have demonstrated the reliability of our bench to study materials with a thermal conductivity between 0.1 and 100 W/m.K
Fataoui, Khalid. "Développement de modèles thermomécaniques de construction de dépôts obtenus par projection thermique.Modèle mécano thermique de l'étalement de la gouttelette." Phd thesis, Université de Limoges, 2007. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00325225.
Full textLe processus d'écrasement et d'étalement d'une goutte sur une surface solide reste encore un phénomène complexe et mal maîtrisé. Cependant cette étude permet une avancée sensible dans la compréhension de l'étalement par écoulement de la particule liquide et des interactions entre phases solides et liquides d'une part et d'autre part entre gouttes qui s'écrasent simultanément sur la surface solide l'une à côté de l'autre ou bien l'une après l'autre. Elle décrit les méthodes de résolution numérique des équations thermomécaniques d'impact des gouttes liquides (cuivre, zircone, émail) sur des substrats solides et en valide les résultats obtenus par comparaison avec ceux, tant expérimentaux que numériques, obtenus par d'autres auteurs.
Bausseron, Thomas. "Etude de l’échauffement de la caténaire lors du captage à l’arrêt : Développement d’un outil informatique." Thesis, Besançon, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014BESA2062/document.
Full textIn the railroad and trains domain, many incidents show the main problem of overheating of the catenary at the contact with the pantograph when the train was stopped whereas all the electrical systems of the train should nevertheless be fed. Analysis of these incidents has shown that the overheating of the interface catenary-pantograph during the ream conditioning was sometimes at the origin of the break of the contact wire. In order to forecast such very expensive problems for the company, the French National Railway Company (SNCF) and the research institute FEMTO-ST carried out theoretical and experimental studies to better understand this phenomenon. First a quasi 3D transient electrothermal modeling tool has been developed for the contact wire. It has also permitted to estimate the distribution of current in the wire in order to obtain the internal heat power generation. An electrothermal modelisation of the strip complete the system. Finally the heat transfer equation in the wire with particular boundary conditions has been solved in all the finite differences network thanks to the Euler's implicit method
Loghmari, Fahmi. "Solidification de gouttes impactant un substrat solide." Paris 6, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009PA066280.
Full textThe subject of this dissertation is the impingement and simultaneous heat transfer ans soldification of droplet on a flat substrate. The process of the impact and solidification of a droplet on a solid substrate is governed by the dynamics's impact, heat transfer between splat and substrate and the phase change involved in the solidification of a molten droplet. The main novel feature of this PhD thesis is that each physical process was studied individually. The aim of the study is to examine the influence of various parameters specific to the droplet and the substrate on the final splat's morphology. A critical issue of numerical models based on equilibrium solidification during the phase change material affects the accuracy of results. Indeed, the impact velocity of molten metal droplets in plasma sprayed coatings can vary from 1 m/s up to 100 m/s. In these cases, the cooling rate is so high (about 108 K/s) that stands for rapid solidification, which can lead to new metastable crystalline phases and amorphous solid phases. A significant result of this thesis is the numerical study of a rapid solidification of an Indium droplet during its spreading on a flat substrat. The cooling is based on a model's heat transfer taking into account the phenomenon of phase change with non-equilibrium solidification model determined through DSC experiments results
Courbon, Cédric. "Vers une modélisation physique de la coupe des aciers spéciaux : intégration du comportement métallurgique et des phénomènes tribologiques et thermiques aux interfaces." Phd thesis, Ecole Centrale de Lyon, 2011. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00713527.
Full textCedelle, Julie. "Etude de la formation de lamelles résultant de l’impact de gouttes millimétriques et micrométriques : application à la réalisation d’un dépôt par projection plasma." Limoges, 2005. https://aurore.unilim.fr/theses/nxfile/default/7b9f374e-09e1-4942-9af4-f56064fb602a/blobholder:0/2005LIMO0067.pdf.
Full textMany properties (thermal, electrical, mechanical…) of thermal sprayed coatings are strongly linked to the real contact between the “piled-up” splats. The contact quality depends on the particle impact pressure, that varies drastically with droplet (size, velocity…) and substrate parameters (temperature, topography). Two different techniques have been developed in order to study plasma sprayed particle behaviour at impact. The first one (SPCTS Lab. ) allows direct studying under dc plasma spray conditions, while the latter one, based on the millimetre sized free falling drop (Advanced Joining Process lab. , Toyohashi), enables the visualization of flattening phenomena, but at larger scale (time and space). These two techniques give complementary approaches and results. Results show that flattening time and cooling rate of the lamellae (metallic and ceramic) are improved with stainless steel substrate surface modification at the nanoscale and preheating over the transition temperature. Experiments of wettability show that the presence of nanopics increases the contact angle of the liquid on the substrates and reduces thermal contact resistance at interface. The phenomenon of " cleaning of 16354395X
Ousten, Jean-Pierre. "Etude du comportement au vieillissement des interfaces thermiques pour modules électroniques de puissance dédiés à des applications transports." Phd thesis, École normale supérieure de Cachan - ENS Cachan, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00910948.
Full textDoumouro, Joris. "Caractérisation de la laine de verre : étude des transferts de chaleur entre fibres de verre à l'échelle micrométrique." Thesis, Université Paris sciences et lettres, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020UPSLS008.
Full textReducing the environmental footprint of the building sector is a key element of today's political and environmental issues. The poor quality of the building stock insulation is pointed out. It is therefore crucial to improve the performance of the existing insulation products. Glass wool, one of the main insulation product, is made of a glass fiber matrix surrounded by gas or vacuum. However, there is a need for microscopic measurements of heat transfer at the fiber scale. The collaborative project CarISOVERRE, funded by the Agence Nationale pour la Recherche, intends to investigate these transfer. This thesis, as part of the CarISOVERRE project, aims at providing experimental measurement of the conductive, convective and radiative heat transfer in a single fiber at microscopic scale along with the measurement of thermal resistance of contact between fibers. To this end, we developed several characterizing tools to study microscale heat transfer. First, the emission properties of single glass fibers with subwavelength diameter (given the thermal wavelength of 10 µm) is measured using the infrared spectroscopy method based on the spatial modulation of the sample in the field object plan of the microscope. Then, the thermal resistance of contact between two glass elements is studied under vacuum and under ambient conditions. A glass microsphere is placed into contact with a glass slide using a SThM probe which allows to heat the top of the sphere by Joule effect and to record the temperature at this point. With this information it is possible to identify the different heat channels through the SThM probe and/or through the air to extract the thermal resistance of contact. Finally, a noncontact method for the measurement of thermal emission of a single fiber heated by short laser pulses is presented. This microthermography method is the Flash method coupled with an infrared microscope to meet the specifics of our sample. The identification of the heat transfer parameters exchange with the surrounding air, thermal resistance of contact between fibers – is obtained by studying the spatial and temporal dynamic of the signal along with simple analytical models. The results presented in this thesis are expected to be used as input parameters in future numerical simulations of the heat transfer in a glass wool sample
El, Bakali Abdelmagid. "Contribution à l’étude des échanges thermiques aux interfaces pour les procédés de formage à chaud : développement de moyens de mesure de l’émissivité et de la résistance thermique de contact (RTC) à haute température A fast and versatile method for spectral emissivity measurement at high temperatures." Thesis, Ecole nationale des Mines d'Albi-Carmaux, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020EMAC0004.
Full textThe present work deals with the high temperature heat transfers involved in sheet/die contact within hot forming processes. The investigated heat ranges lie between 600°C and 1000°C while the study materials are namely TA6V and Inconel 625 (for the sheet) and AISI 310 stainless steel and refractory concrete (for the die). Under such industrial configuration, the heat transfers can be split in two steps: i) a gap closing phase during which the radiative property of the contact pair prevail and ii) a solid contact phase during which the conductive properties are involved and more precisely the thermal contact resistance (TCR). This twostep approach allows a separate investigation of both phenomena which are herein studied by the mean of two dedicated experimental means: a) The gap closing phase is studied through an emissivity measurement setup dedicated to high temperature. The chosen setup is inspired from elliptical oven setups. Its features include a heating rate over 11°C/s and a maximal in-service temperature of 1250°C. The related measurement instruments selection and design are also part of the presented work. The metrological aspects along with the uncertainty quantification are performed through the use of a reference material: pure platinum. This latter has proven worthy by its ability to sustain very high temperature while remaining free from oxidation. In addition, platinum’s optical properties are well documented throughout the scientific literature which provides solid comparisons with other published results. Finally, the construction of an emissivity database is presented for the two sheet materials of the study: TA6V and INCONEL 625. b) The solid contact phase is studied through a second tailor made experimental setup dedicated to TCR measurements. The proposed features include the ability to study metal contact pair (AISI 310 vs. TA6V/INCONEL 625) or ceramic vs. metal contact (Concrete vs. TA6V/INCONEL 625) for temperature as high as 800°C. The whole setup can be inserted within a classical tensile device in order to load the contact interfaces at stress levels similar to those involved in metal forming processes (here up to 4MPa). In practice, a circular sample cut from the studied sheet metals is clasped in between two cylindrical bars made of AISI 310 or concrete. The upper bar is then heated up by the mean of a resistive oven in order to generate a directional heat flux throughout the material interfaces. A suited measurement instrumentation then allows the assessment of the TRC for each contact pair for temperature ranging from 450°C to 800°C and pressure ranging from 0.1MPa to 4MPa. The results obtained from these two setups have built up a material database that was then use to simulate industrial hot forming operations. The process parameters retrieved from these simulation were used as input in an actual forming process and has led to the successful manufacturing of four parts all of which satisfying the quality requirements in term of geometry and microstructure
Chbiki, Mounir. "Caractérisation thermomécanique des lignes de transmission et des collecteurs dans les tubes à ondes progressives." Thesis, Paris 10, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014PA100168/document.
Full textDuring these last forty years traveling Waves tubes did not stop developing directed by the increasing request of the new applications (High-speed Internet, TV HD). This increasing request in frequency and in power is translated by thermal heating problems. Indeed, the more the output power will be high, the more there will be of the dissipated power, with smaller and smaller size. This leads logically to bigger and bigger power densities. This produced heat must be evacuated by small contact areas, which depend strongly on the type of assembly. This thermal heating also involves changes of the mechanical behaviour. The principal point will be the study of the behaviour of the interfaces in traveling waves tubes. Thesis work, we study the thermal and mechanical interfaces produced during a hot shrinking. Goal of this work is to supply a numerical or analytical model of helix temperature determination with functioning. Considering the configurations of functioning (Vacuum, high-voltage, small dimension) a direct measure is not impossible. Nevertheless several indirect measure methods were investigated to find the most appropriate. This study concerns at first the transmissions lines then the collectors of TOPS. We realized an analytical thermal model allowing to identify quickly the thermal impedance of devices. A thermal contact resistance measurement and a metallographic cutting determining the contact areas feeds this model to give it a better precision. A 2D finite element allows us to identify an average pressure of contact to use the corresponding RTC. The thermal resistance, allows us to find the helix temperature by indicating the power dissipated in the line
Hamasaiid, Anwar. "Transferts thermiques interfaciaux en fonderie en moules métalliques d'alliages légers." Toulouse 3, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007TOU30249.
Full textThe present investigation is about the interfacial heat transfer during the solidification of light alloys in Gravity (GDC) and High Pressure (HPDC) Die Casting processes. The study consists of three principle fields, experimental, analytical and modelling. The Experimental activity involves measuring the temperature around the casting-die interface, in the mould and at the surface of the castings and other process parameters during die filling and solidification. For this purpose, suitable experimental methods and sensors have been developed. Particularly a pyrometric measurement method has been adapted to measure the casting surface temperature during its solidification. Hundredths of trials were performed using Al-7Si-0. 3Mg, A-9Si-3Cu and AZ91 D alloys during the two investigated processes. From the temperature measurements, interfacial heat transfer coefficient and heat flux density have been evaluated using an inverse method. The obtained results have been analysed with regards to the various process parameters and to the microstructure of the castings. .
Belghazi, Hamid. "Modélisation analytique du transfert instationnaire de la chaleur dans un matériau bicouche en contact imparfait et soumis à une source de chaleur en mouvement." Phd thesis, Université de Limoges, 2008. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00530322.
Full textSomé, Sâannibè Ciryle. "Comportement thermomécanique des enrobés tièdes et de l'interface bitume-granulat." Phd thesis, Université de Nantes, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00855431.
Full textSibilia, Gautier. "Modélisation du soudage par point : influence des conditions interfaciales sur le procédé." Nantes, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003NANT2117.
Full textIn this work, we propose a simplified model of resistance spot welding on steel sheets. We use the Finite Element sofware SYSWELD® by the way of Electrical-Thermal-Metallurgic coupling. To define such a model, we need to identify the main process influencing factors. Besides, we have to dispose of right input data and pertinent information in order to validate the numerical results. Therefore, in this study; experimental investigations take an important place too. In particular, we have study the influence of electrode/sheet and sheet/sheet interfaces on the spot weld formation. This labour contributes to improve the mastery of a welding process, which the knowledge was essentially experience-based. The numerical model here developed should allow simplifying the welding parameters and weldability definition
Ni, Yuxiang. "Thermal contact resistance between molecular systems : an equilibrium molecular dynamics approach applied to carbon nanotubes, graphene and few layer graphene." Phd thesis, Ecole Centrale Paris, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00969185.
Full textMeksi, Olfa. "Contribution à la caractérisation numérique et expérimentale des échanges thermiques externes des machines électriques totalement fermées et non ventilées avec introduction des données d’incertitudes." Thesis, Compiègne, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017COMP2367/document.
Full textIn addition to electrical, magnetic, vibro-acoustic and mechanical aspects, thermal considerations must be taken into account during the design and optimization of electrical machines. This study focuses on the analysis and the simulation of the thermal behavior of Totally Enclosed Non Ventilated (TENV) electric machines, specifically a Synchro-reluctant motor (Synchrel) in the context of an automotive application : a clutch actuator. A detailed thermal model (MTD) describing the thermal behavior of the Synchrel machine is designed. This proposed MTD is based on a combination of the Lumped Parameter Thermal Network method (LPTN) and the Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) methods. The first method is dedicated to model the conductive and radiative heat transfers. CFD techniques are dedicated to model the cooling mechanism based on the natural convection around the Synchrel machine. Since the critical temperature is very sensitive to the cooling mode, the CFD approach is used in this study to provide more accurate results. On the other hand, it requires considerable computing time, which prevents its use in design studies based on optimization methods. In order to overcome this problem, only some numerical results obtained for particular operating points are used to define an analytical correlation based on the numerical calculation relations. This numerical analysis goes with an experimental approach in order to elaborate the corresponding experimental correlations. This study shows that numerical solutions can present a good accuracy, if uncertainty data introduced by this approach are taken into account. The second research problem addressed in this study is the determination of the Contact Thermal Resistances (RTCs), which are key parameters in the definition of the MTD. The determination procedure of the RTCs is based on two parametric identification approaches. The first one is experimental and based on some observations of the thermal behavior of the machine. The second one is based on a mathematical model reduction approach. The determined values are consistent with results from literature, although the Synchrel machine differs in topology, size and power. Using the numerical correlations, the MTD is used to evaluate the temperature deviation due to error terms introduced by the CFD approach. Then, using these experimental correlations, the MTD’s quality can be checked and approved. Parametric identification approaches lead to the construction of two secondorder thermal models of the machine. These models allow monitoring the thermal behavior of the winding and the casing. Both simplified models show satisfactory predictability with respect to their great simplicity
Abou, Hamad Valdemar. "Elaboration et caractérisation de contacts électriques à base de phases MAX sur SiC pour l'électronique haute température." Thesis, Lyon, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020LYSEI079.
Full textPower applications in which the ambient temperature is high, cause the increase of temperature in electronic components. Therefore, it is important to develop electronic devices that are able to withstand high current and high-power densities. In this thesis, our objective is to lay the foundations of a new technology for the manufacture of a new generation of Ti3SiC2 MAX phase-based electrical contacts, stable, reliable and reproducible on Silicon Carbide for very high temperature applications (300 - 600ºC). To synthesize Ti3SiC2 on SiC, two elaboration methods were studied in this thesis. The first approach is a reaction method, and the second approach consists on using a Ti3SiC2 target via the Pulsed Laser Deposition (PLD) technique. Our goal is to develop a good quality ohmic contacts. Physico-chemical, electrical (TLM) and mechanical (W-H and RSM) characterizations were performed on the Ti3SiC2 contacts. These samples underwent a thermal aging test at 600°C for 1500 hours under Argon, in order to study the stability and reliability of the electrical contacts at high temperatures. The obtained results showed that the reliability and the chemical stability between Ti3SiC2 and SiC allowed the contacts to keep an ohmic behavior with low electrical resistivity, in addition to a good mechanical behavior, even after 1500 hours of aging at 600ºC. Furthermore, the thermomechanical simulations performed were used to determine the effects of Interfacial Thermal Resistances on the heat dissipation and the mechanical stresses exerted on a high power PN diode. In this thesis, we have shown that an ohmic contact, based on Ti3SiC2, can remain stable and reliable on a 4H-SiC substrate, in temperatures up to 600ºC
Majcherczak, Didier Naït-Abdelaziz Moussa Dufrénoy Philippe. "Étude thermique d'un contact glissant." [S.l.] : [s.n.], 2003. http://www.univ-lille1.fr/bustl-grisemine/pdf/extheses/50376-2003-169-170.pdf.
Full textMint, brahim Maimouna. "Méthodes d'éléments finis pour le problème de changement de phase en milieux composites." Thesis, Bordeaux, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016BORD0157/document.
Full textIn this thesis we aim to develop a numerical tool that allow to solve the unsteady heatconduction problem in a composite media with a graphite foam matrix infiltrated witha phase change material such as salt, in the framework of latent heat thermal energystorage.In chapter 1, we start by explaining the model that we are studying which is separated in three sub-parts : a heat conduction problem in the foam, a phase change problem in the pores of the foam which are filled with salt and a contact resistance condition at the interface between both materials which results in a jump in the temperature field.In chapter 2, we study the steady heat conduction problem in a composite media withcontact resistance. This allow to focus on the main difficulty here which is the treatment of the thermal contact resistance at the interface between the carbon foam and the salt. Two Finite element methods are proposed in order to solve this problem : a finite element method based on Lagrange P1 and a hybrid dual finite element method using the lowest order Raviart-Thomas elements for the heat flux and P0 for the temperature. The numerical analysis of both methods is conducted and numerical examples are given to assert the analytic results. The work presented in this chapter has been published in the Journal of Scientific Computing [10].The phase change materials that we study here are mainly pure materials and as a consequence the change in phase occurs at a single point, the melting temperature. This introduces a jump in the liquid fraction and consequently in the enthalpy. This discontinuity represents an additional numerical difficulty that we propose to overcome by introducing a smoothing interval around the melting temperature. This is explained in chapter 3 where an analytical and numerical study shows that the error on the temperature behaves like " outside of the mushy zone, where _ is the width of the smoothing interval. However, inside the error behaves like p " and we prove that this estimation is optimal due to the energy trapped in the mushy zone. This chapter has been published in Communications in Mathematical Sciences [58].The next step is to determine a suitable time discretization scheme that allow to handle the non-linearity introduced by the phase change. For this purpose we present in chapter 4 four of the most used numerical schemes to solve the non-linear phase change problem : the update source method, the enthalpy linearization method, the apparent heat capacity method and the Chernoff method. Various numerical tests are conducted in order to test and compare these methods for various types of problems. Results show that the enthalpy linearization is the most accurate at each time step while the apparent heat capacity gives better results after a given time. This indicates that if we are interestedin the transitory states the first scheme is the best choice. However, if we are interested in the asymptotic thermal behavior of the material the second scheme is better. Results also show that the Chernoff scheme is the fastest in term of calculation time and gives comparable results to the one given by the first two methods.Finally, in chapter 5 we use the Chernoff method combined with the hybrid-dual finiteelement method with P0 and the lowest order Raviart-Thomas elements to solve thenon-linear heat conduction problem in a realistic composite media with a phase change material. Numerical simulations are realised using 2D-cuts of X-ray images of two real graphite matrix foams infiltrated with a salt. The aim of these simulations is to determine if the studied composite materials could be assimilated to an equivalent homogeneous phase change material with equivalent thermo-physical properties. For all simulationsconducted in this work we used the free finite element software FreeFem++ [41]
Billon, Laurent. "Matrices organiques à haute stabilité thermique et résistance à l'oxydation." Pau, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996PAUU3037.
Full textWoessner, Philippe. "Influence d'un traitement thermique sur la résistance mécanique du bois." Bordeaux 1, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008BOR13615.
Full textPépin, Alexandre. "Performance énergétique et confort thermique : effet de la masse thermique, de la résistance et des matériaux de l'enveloppe." Master's thesis, Université Laval, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/28242.
Full textIn the province of Québec, massive wood buildings of three floors and more are becoming more and more popular. This material being ecological and renewable is interesting for commercial buildings. However, its use is fairly low in this type of buildings and this raises many questions related to the thermal behavior. In this study, the influence of thermal mass has been studied using numerical simulations. The variables analyzed are the dynamic thermal variables, the energy intensity and the comfort. Two programs have been used to perform the simulations. Since the simulations done using e-QUEST have not demonstrated their relevance for thermal mass analyses [1], EnergyPlus software was used to perform the simulations during this study. The results have demonstrated that the type of thermal mass change and the presence of thermal mass can reduce the mean daily temperature swing of the internal surfaces of the walls. This reduction is up to 27.8% (2.33°C) when the building type passes from a lightweight wood construction to a heavyweight concrete one with a 4 W/m2-K RSI. Another major notice is that the energy intensity principally varies in function of the thermal mass type. Coupled with the thermal resistance, this adds a certain reduction of the energy intensity. The thermal mass thickness is the parameter having the smallest effect on the energy intensity. Gains observed are around 2.5% when the modifications of the type of thermal mass and its thickness are combined. This behavior can be explained by the fact that the energy that is stocked in the envelope and returned to the building after a certain time lag reduces heating demand during winter, but generates cooling demand during summer. The size of the studied building and the ventilation system type could be an explanation of the weak gains obtained regarding the energy intensity.
Tulita, Catalin. "Problèmes d'homogénéisation thermique liés à l'ingénierie des supraconducteurs." Vandoeuvre-les-Nancy, INPL, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999INPL113N.
Full textBlond, Eric. "Dégradation thermomécanique des réfractaires au contact de laitiers sidérurgiques." Phd thesis, École normale supérieure de Cachan - ENS Cachan, 2003. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00370776.
Full textJaneček, Valdislav. "Evaporation à l'échelle microscopique et à haut flux thermique." Paris 6, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012PA066512.
Full textThis thesis theoretically investigates the transport processes in the vicinity of the triple gas-liquid-solid contact line and its impact on macroscopic evaporation. In the first part of the thesis, the hydrodynamics close to the contact line at partial wetting is studied. Specifically, evaporation into the atmosphere of pure vapor driven by heating of the substrate is considered. The question of singularity relaxation is addressed. The main finding of the thesis is that the Kelvin effect (dependence of saturation temperature on pressure) is sufficient by itself to relax the hydrodynamic contact line singularity. The proposed microregion (the contact line vicinity) model for small interface slopes is solved numerically. Asymptotic solutions are found for some specific cases. The governing length scales of the problem are identified and the multiscale nature of the phenomenon is addressed. Parametric studies revealing the role of the thermal resistance of vapor-liquid interface, slip length, thermocapillary term, the vapor recoil and surface forces are also performed. An extension of the lubrication approximation for high slopes of the gas-liquid interface at evaporation is discussed. In the second part of the thesis, the previously established microregion model is coupled to a simplified single vapor bubble growth numerical simulation. The bubble departure from the heater at boiling is also studied. It was proposed in the thesis, that under high heat loads, the increase of the apparent contact angle causes the vapor bubble to spread over the heated substrate. Such a behavior may cause the heater dry-out that occurs during the boiling crisis
Colin, François. "Simulation thermique du contact application aux mécanismes 2-D 3-D." Grenoble 2 : ANRT, 1986. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb375967860.
Full textColin, François. "Simulation thermique du contact : application aux mécanismes 2-D 3-D." Lyon, INSA, 1986. http://www.theses.fr/1986ISAL0023.
Full textMonnier, Arnaud. "Etude et simulation du soudage par résistance de matériaux de contact." Paris 11, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006PA112329.
Full textThis study is done in the frame of a CIFRE convention between Schneider Electric and the Laboratoire de Génie Electrique de Paris-SUPELEC. The goal is to understand the physical phenomena occurring during the resistance welding process of contact materials and the development of a numerical simulation of the process. An innovating welding device is developed. Experimental tests done with two rivets of copper allow to determine a weldability area. They also show that the dynamic contact resistance allow to follow the heating way in the pieces. Moreover the characterisation tests (ultrasonic images, shear tests, macrographies), that are supplementary, highlight other physical phenomena. The simulation done with the FEM software ANSYS takes into account the coupling between the mechanical, electrical and thermal phenomena. Two supplementary modellings are developed : a macroscopic modelling that takes into account the evolution of the global superficial resistivity versus the force and the temperature and a microscopic modelling that decouples the roughness and the superficial insulating impurities of the contact area. A comparison between the calculated and measured results shows a consistency of them. These modellings that are consistent with the experimental tests allow to extend the study for the welding of a rivet of aluminium with a rivet of copper and to study the influence of the frequency of the rectified current used during the welding
Peigne, Philippe. "Résistance aux chocs thermiques des céramiques thermomécaniques." Lyon, INSA, 1991. http://www.theses.fr/1991ISAL0079.
Full textIn order to developed ceramic as bruners and heat exchangers for French gas industry, we have undertaken an extensive study of the behaviour of the ceramics under thermal stresses. We first present a new theory of thermal shock : the load approach that is divided into two succeeding parts : - we first determine the temperature and stress distribution across the sample. - We introduce a defect in the sample, and study is behaviour submitter to the temperature and stress distribution calculated in part 1. In order to show experimental confirmation, a new high temperature thermal cycling equipment has been developed cup to 1250°C for the higher temperature and 700°C for the lower one). Thermal shock damages are detected using acoustic emission measurement. To very good correlation is found between experimental results on alumina and zirconia and a new theoretical approach of thermal shock
Bensaad, Bourassia. "Étude expérimentale de l'évolution et de l'établissement de l'état de surface d'un matériau métallique en contact avec un plan de saphir : application à la modélisation des résistances thermiques de contact." Nantes, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008NANT2037.
Full textPrimarily experimental, the present study aims at the observation of the evolution of the TCR and the geometrical characteristics of an interface according to the contact pressure; this in order to improve the models of TCR proposed by certain authors. Among these characteristics, those which interest us more particularly are the real rate of contact solid-solid S*, the density of points of contact N and the separation distance d. Our principal motivation is to establish the laws of evolution of these three parameters then to correlate them with the TCR obtained by thermal measurement. We developed an experimental methodology allowing to carry out thermal measurements of the TCR and measurements of the micro-geometry of the contact and its deformations. Micro-geometrical measurements are based on non-conventional techniques calling upon laser profilometry and the imagery. The test of micro-hardness can also be of great importance for the estimate of the parameters characterizing the micro-geometry of the interface solid-solid. We are interested in an interface of contact between a plate of transparent, smooth and infinitely rigid sapphire and a rough and deformable metallic material. The experimental study is based on an experimental design initially aiming at emphasizing the behaviour of the TCR according to the parameters S* N and d. This experimental design is also built with an aim of revealing the influence of the topography and the development of surface on these three parameters of contact by the means of the parameters of roughness and the Hv micro-hardness. The experiments are undertaken on two couple’s materials brass / sapphire and steel / sapphire and three different surface qualities: controlled, electro-eroded and turned. The tests of reproducibility of thermal measurement show the great reliability of the device carried out. The profilometric study shows that electro-eroded surfaces and rounds can be considered Gaussian then controlled surfaces are not it. The evolution of the real rate of contact S* according to the contact pressure is studied primarily on controlled surfaces (N constant). S* is considered of three way different: The first consists in analyzing the curves of Abbott raised after each loading, the second fact call to the model of Bowden and Tabor S*=P/H and with the concept of effective micro-hardness Hc and in the third we tried to determine it by a specific treatment of the photographs of the interfaces to metal /sapphire. The evolution of the density of points of contact N according to the load is observed for the couples surfaces magnet-eroded / sapphire and surfaces turned / sapphire. It is given primarily by the imagery. The evolution of the distance from separation of the average plans of surfaces d in contact is obtained by considering d equal to the parameter of roughness RP raised before loading and after each loading. The experimental results obtained show that the behaviour of the TCR according to the contact pressure, of the roughness and the nature of materials in contact, is in conformity with the literature. The results of the estimate of the TCR according to the parameters of contact S*, N and d are divided into two parts: the first relates to controlled surfaces and the second relates to "electro-eroded and turned random surfaces. For the studied samples, the distance from separation of the average plans of surfaces in contact d is considered equal to the parameter of roughness RP raised before loading and after each loading. The results of the estimate of the real rate of contact show that the profilometric technique suggested at the time of this study is more adaptable in the cases of stepladder of roughness (surfaces with strong roughness). With strong loads, this technique can give very satisfactory results. The comparison of the values of the TCR estimated according to S*=P/Hc with those obtained by thermal measurement shows a great relevance of the model Boden and Tabor, using the notion of the effective micro-hardness Hc. One notes that this model masks the presence of several scales of roughness. One also shows that the S*=P/Hv model over-estimates the real rate of contact, his use gives values of TCR lower than those obtained by thermal measurement. The comparison of the TCR estimated according to the parameters of contact with that of the TCR obtained by thermal measurement shows that it does not matter the curve of N used, the use of the model of CMY gives values of the of the same TCR order of magnitude as those measured. The model of Bardon gives values quite higher than those measured except for the very strong loadings. This result can be justified by the fact that the model of CMY is adapted for Gaussian surfaces whereas the model of Bardon is based on the assumption of the uniformity of all the points of contact
Busson, Christophe. "Etude et optimisation de revêtements de collecteurs de courant en aluminium pour électrode positive, en vue d’augmenter les densités d’énergie et de puissance, et la durabilité de batteries lithium-ion." Thesis, Nantes, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017NANT4103.
Full textPerformance improvement is necessary in order to fulfill our increasing needs in electric mobility. Electrode and electrolyte materials optimization are privileged research directions. Furthermore, current collectors have a key role in the performance and their preservation, associated with electrode delamination, electrical contact resistance and corrosion issues at the current collector/electrode interface. To this end, conductive and protective coatings for aluminum current collectors have been developed. Interactions between a LiFePO4 – PVdF type electrode and current collectors were studied. The electrolyte wettability of this interface appeared to be a major contact resistance contribution, probably due to the formation of the electrochemical double layer. Protection of this interface was achieved through coatings’ material selection. Performance improvements have been observed: contact resistance decrease, higher power and energy densities at high rates and corrosion protection of aluminum substrates in LiTFSI-based electrolyte. It has been demonstrated that the contact resistance with current collectors is one of the major drawback of LiFePO4 electrodes, and an effective coating can allow the suppression of the electrode’s conductive carbon additives whereas performance are preserved
Baudier, Marc. "Dètermination expérimentale de la résistance thermique de paroi par identification d'un modèle modal." Paris, ENMP, 1991. http://www.theses.fr/1990ENMP0258.
Full textBenigni, Pierre. "Mesure de diffusivité et de conductance thermique de contact à haute température." Aix-Marseille 1, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996AIX11046.
Full textPhilippi, Isabelle. "Mesure sans contact de diffusivité thermique de plaques minces en mouvement uniforme." Vandoeuvre-les-Nancy, INPL, 1994. http://docnum.univ-lorraine.fr/public/INPL_T_1994_PHILIPPI_I.pdf.
Full textMajcherczak, Didier. "Étude thermique d'un contact glissant : approche numérique et expérimentale : application au freinage." Lille 1, 2003. https://pepite-depot.univ-lille.fr/LIBRE/Th_Num/2003/50376-2003-169-170.pdf.
Full textCarbonell, Laure-Arminia. "Conductivité électrique et résistance de contact de matériaux composites Cu-Ni-graphite." Grenoble INPG, 1990. http://www.theses.fr/1990INPG0017.
Full textBeloufa, Mohammed El Amine. "Analyse numérique et expérimentale du comportement électrique, mécanique et thermique des contacts électriques dans les domaines de forces (1 à 100 N) et de courants (1 à 100 A)." Rennes 1, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008REN1S047.
Full textThis work analyses the mechanical, electrical and thermal behaviour and wear of the connectors used in the force domains (1 to 100 N) and current domains (1 to 100 A). This study is based on experimental measurements and finite element modelling using the Ansys code. When the connector is subjected to high currents, it experiences a heating caused by the Joule effect due to the intrinsic resistance of the connection. Moreover, excessive heat may lead to the risk of connector deterioration; this requires development of new connectors which are resistant to high temperature. In this context, we analyse the contact resistance characterization and the heating for currents in the range 1 to 100 A, of samples made with high copper alloys and subjected to different contact forces. The tested samples have different sizes and shapes. Finite element simulations were also undertaken to characterize the influence of the contact surface roughness on the contact resistance. Finite element optimization of the sample shapes for high copper alloys allows minimization the contact resistance (or of the sample volume), taking into account geometrical and physical constraints. In addition, we propose a contact resistance law versus force. We also analyzed the wear contact interfaces when a dynamic force is applied with low and high frequencies, in order to study the evolutions of wear rate and of contact resistance during vibration cycles