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Journal articles on the topic 'Resistance Thermometer'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 12 February 2022

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1

Pearce, Jonathan V., Paul Bramley, and David Cruickshank. "Development of a driftless Johnson noise thermometer for nuclear applications." EPJ Web of Conferences 225 (2020): 03001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/epjconf/202022503001.

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Existing temperature sensors such as thermocouples and platinum resistance thermometers suffer from calibration drift, especially in harsh environments, due to mechanical and chemical changes (and transmutation in the case of nuclear applications). A solution to the drift problem is to use temperature sensors based on fundamental thermometry (primary thermometers) where the measured property is related to absolute temperature by a fundamental physical law. A Johnson noise thermometer is such a sensor and uses the measurement of the extremely small thermal voltage noise signals generated by any resistive element to determine temperature using the Johnson-Nyquist equation. A Johnson noise thermometer never needs calibration and is insensitive to the condition of the sensor material, which makes it ideally suited to long-term temperature measurement in harsh environments. These can include reactor coolant circuits, in-pile measurements, nuclear waste management and storage, and severe accident monitoring. There have been a number of previous attempts to develop a Johnson noise thermometer for the nuclear industry, but none have achieved commercialization because of technical difficulties. We describe the results of a collaboration between the National Physical Laboratory and Metrosol Limited, which has led to a new technique for measuring Johnson noise that overcomes the previous problems that have prevented commercialization. The results from a proof-of-principle prototype that demonstrates performance commensurate with the needs of nuclear applications is presented, together with details of progress towards the commercialization of the technology. The development partners have effected a step change in the application of primary thermometry to industrial applications and seek partners for field trials and further exploitation.

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2

Jamieson, Jim. "A platinum resistance thermometer." Electronics Education 1991, no. 2 (1991): 7–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1049/ee.1991.0018.

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3

PALM, E. C., T. P. MURPHY, S. W. TOZER, and S. T. HANNAHS. "RECENT ADVANCES IN LOW TEMPERATURE THERMOMETRY IN HIGH MAGNETIC FIELDS." International Journal of Modern Physics B 16, no. 20n22 (August 30, 2002): 3389. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217979202014504.

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The accurate determination of the temperature of an experiment at low temperatures in high magnetic fields is difficult. We present the results of measurements made using a number of new techniques developed over the last few years. In particular we discuss the results of measurements made using a unique capacitor made with Kapton and copper in a cylindrical geometry.1 This capacitance thermometer, dubbed the "Kapacitor", is different from other low temperature thermometers in that the minimum in capacitance vs. temperature can be moved to lower temperatures (to below 20 mK) by changing the construction technique. In addition, we discuss measurements on Coulomb blockade thermometers (CBT's) that offer the possibility of true primary thermomemtry at low temperatures without any magnetic field dependence. Both of these new techniques will be compared to the standard technique of resistance thermometry using RuO chip resistors. The crucial issues of accuracy and precision, usefulness for control, and noise sensitivity will be discussed for each of these technologies. In addition, recent measurements on the magnetic behavior of RuO thermometers at low temperatures and its relationship to anomalous low field peaks in the resistance that develop at temperatures below 50 mK are also presented.

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4

Logvinenko, S. P., O. A. Rossoshanskii, and L. A. Oprishchenko. "Low-temperature semiconductor resistance thermometer." Measurement Techniques 31, no. 11 (November 1988): 1110–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf00864315.

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5

Fu, Yifeng, Guofeng Cui, and Kjell Jeppson. "Thermal Characterization of Low-Dimensional Materials by Resistance Thermometers." Materials 12, no. 11 (May 29, 2019): 1740. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma12111740.

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The design, fabrication, and use of a hotspot-producing and temperature-sensing resistance thermometer for evaluating the thermal properties of low-dimensional materials are described in this paper. The materials that are characterized include one-dimensional (1D) carbon nanotubes, and two-dimensional (2D) graphene and boron nitride films. The excellent thermal performance of these materials shows great potential for cooling electronic devices and systems such as in three-dimensional (3D) integrated chip-stacks, power amplifiers, and light-emitting diodes. The thermometers are designed to be serpentine-shaped platinum resistors serving both as hotspots and temperature sensors. By using these thermometers, the thermal performance of the abovementioned emerging low-dimensional materials was evaluated with high accuracy.

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6

Rosemary Taylor, H., and M. Bashir Rihawi. "The dynamic thermometer: an instrument for fast measurements with Platinum Resistance Thermometers." Transactions of the Institute of Measurement and Control 15, no. 1 (January 1993): 11–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/014233129301500103.

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7

Liu, Wei, and Jing Li. "A Calibrator Design for Thermometer Based on Precision Thermal Resistance." Advanced Materials Research 926-930 (May 2014): 1193–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.926-930.1193.

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This paper describes calibration principle of the thermal resistance based thermometer, and put forward digital thermometer calibration scheme of thermal resistance. Besides, according to the detailed analysis of the factors affected the accuracy of calibration, this paper supply a measure to solve this problem. This calibration design described in the article can achieve high-precise, digital calibration of the thermal resistance thermometer.

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8

Logvinenko, S. P., and G. F. Mikhina. "Resistance thermometer of rhodium-ferrum microwire." Cryogenics 26, no. 8 (August 1986): 484–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0011-2275(86)90101-3.

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9

Golub, V. V., Yu V. Zhilin, and S. A. Rylov. "A Platinum Thin-Film Resistance Thermometer." Instruments and Experimental Techniques 61, no. 3 (May 2018): 453–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1134/s0020441218030120.

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10

Stephenson, Andrew P., Adam P. Micolich, Kwan H. Lee, Paul Meredith, and Ben J. Powell. "A Tunable Metal-Organic Resistance Thermometer." ChemPhysChem 12, no. 1 (December 14, 2010): 116–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cphc.201000762.

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11

Drung, D., and C. Krause. "Dual-mode auto-calibrating resistance thermometer: A novel approach with Johnson noise thermometry." Review of Scientific Instruments 92, no. 3 (March 1, 2021): 034901. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/5.0035673.

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12

Obukhov, S. A. "New type of cryogenic semiconductor resistance thermometer." Cryogenics 34, no. 3 (March 1994): 237–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0011-2275(94)90174-0.

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13

Orendáč, M., A. Orendáčová, and A. Feher. "Resistance thermometer as a very simple microcalorimeter." Cryogenics 35, no. 7 (July 1995): 475–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0011-2275(95)93583-l.

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14

Leydon-Hardy, Lauren. "SOME RESISTANCE TO THE IDEALIZED THERMOMETER MODEL." Episteme 13, no. 4 (December 2016): 423–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/epi.2016.21.

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ABSTRACTIn my comments I look at what was gained and lost in the move from the Simple Thermometer Model (STM) to the Idealized Thermometer Model (ITM). The move is motivated by the thought that there are going to be cases of disagreement for which the simple model cannot generate results. In this way, the STM is incomplete. I try to say a bit about why we might think that the ITM is incomplete in a relevantly similar way, while also taking a hit in terms of its explanatory value. The STM tells us what to believe (even if not in every case). The ITM might be able to churn out results in some cases that the STM cannot, but offers less guidance about what we ought to believe.

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15

Zhao, M., D. Chen, M. Newman, and R. Ding. "Improved High-Temperature Standard Platinum Resistance Thermometer." International Journal of Thermophysics 31, no. 8-9 (July 17, 2010): 1477–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10765-010-0789-6.

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16

Tarasov, M. D., A. V. Grunin, M. A. Korochkin, M. A. Ovchinnikov, O. N. Petrushin, Yu A. Savel'ev, and M. Yu Tarakanov. "A Calorimeter Based on a Resistance Thermometer." Instruments and Experimental Techniques 48, no. 5 (September 2005): 582–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10786-005-0102-2.

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17

Harris, C. Thomas, and Tzu-Ming Lu. "A PtNiGe resistance thermometer for cryogenic applications." Review of Scientific Instruments 92, no. 5 (May 1, 2021): 054904. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/5.0014007.

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18

Smith, David, Daniel Peters, Timothy Nightingale, Jonathan Pearce, and Radka Veltcheva. "Challenges for In-Flight Calibration of Thermal Infrared Instruments for Earth Observation." Remote Sensing 12, no. 11 (June 5, 2020): 1832. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs12111832.

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Satellite instruments operating in the thermal infrared wavelength range >3 µm provide information for applications such as land surface temperature (LST), sea surface temperatures (SST), land surface emissivity, land classification, soil composition, volcanology, fire radiative power, cloud masking, aerosols, and trace gases. All these instruments are dependent on blackbody (BB) calibration sources to provide the traceability of the radiometric calibration to SI (Système International d’Unités). A key issue for flight BB sources is to maintain the traceability of the radiometric calibration from ground to orbit. For example, the temperature of the BB is measured by a number of precision thermometers that are calibrated against a reference Standard Platinum Resistance Thermometer (SPRT) to provide the traceability to the International Temperature Scale of 1990 (ITS-90). However, once calibrated the thermometer system is subject to drifts caused by on-ground testing, the launch and space environments. At best the uncertainties due to thermometer ageing can only be estimated as there is no direct method for recalibrating. Comparisons with other satellite sensors are useful for placing an upper limit on calibration drifts but do not themselves provide a traceable link to the SI. In this paper, we describe we describe some of the technology developments, including phase change cells for use as reference standards, thermometer readout electronics and implementation of novel coatings, that are in progress to enhance the traceability of flight calibration systems in the thermal infrared.

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19

Yang, In-Seok, Yong-Gyoo Kim, Kee-Sool Gam, and Young-Hee Lee. "Improved Interpolating Equation for Industrial Platinum Resistance Thermometer." Journal of Sensor Science and Technology 21, no. 2 (March 31, 2012): 109–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.5369/jsst.2012.21.2.109.

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20

Logvinenko, S. P., and O. A. Rossoshanskii. "Low-temperature semiconductor resistance thermometer with heat conductor." Cryogenics 25, no. 5 (May 1985): 249–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0011-2275(85)90204-8.

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21

Harrison, R. G., and G. W. Rogers. "Fine wire resistance thermometer amplifier for atmospheric measurements." Review of Scientific Instruments 77, no. 11 (November 2006): 116112. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.2400013.

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22

Palenčár, Rudolf, Peter Sopkuliak, Jakub Palenčár, Stanislav Ďuriš, Emil Suroviak, and Martin Halaj. "Application of Monte Carlo Method for Evaluation of Uncertainties of ITS-90 by Standard Platinum Resistance Thermometer." Measurement Science Review 17, no. 3 (June 1, 2017): 108–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/msr-2017-0014.

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AbstractEvaluation of uncertainties of the temperature measurement by standard platinum resistance thermometer calibrated at the defining fixed points according to ITS-90 is a problem that can be solved in different ways. The paper presents a procedure based on the propagation of distributions using the Monte Carlo method. The procedure employs generation of pseudo-random numbers for the input variables of resistances at the defining fixed points, supposing the multivariate Gaussian distribution for input quantities. This allows taking into account the correlations among resistances at the defining fixed points. Assumption of Gaussian probability density function is acceptable, with respect to the several sources of uncertainties of resistances. In the case of uncorrelated resistances at the defining fixed points, the method is applicable to any probability density function. Validation of the law of propagation of uncertainty using the Monte Carlo method is presented on the example of specific data for 25 Ω standard platinum resistance thermometer in the temperature range from 0 to 660 °C. Using this example, we demonstrate suitability of the method by validation of its results.

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23

Zhang, Z. M., R. U. Datla, S. R. Lorentz, and H. C. Tang. "Thermal Modeling of Absolute Cryogenic Radiometers." Journal of Heat Transfer 116, no. 4 (November 1, 1994): 993–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.2911476.

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This work consists of a detailed thermal modeling of two different radiometers operated at cryogenic temperatures. Both employ a temperature sensor and an electrical-substitution technique to determine the absolute radiant power entering the aperture of a receiver. Their sensing elements are different: One is a germanium resistance thermometer, and the other is a superconducting kinetic-inductance thermometer. The finite element method is used to predict the transient and steady-state temperature distribution in the receiver. The nonequivalence between the radiant power and the electrical power due to the temperature gradient in the receiver is shown to be small and is minimized by placing the thermometer near the thermal impedance. In the radiometer with a germanium resistance thermometer, the random noise dominates the uncertainty for small incident powers and limits the ultimate sensitivity. At high power levels, the measurement accuracy is limited by the uncertainty of the absorptance of the cavity. Recommendations are given based on the modeling for future improvement of the dynamic response of both radiometers.

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24

Tamura, O., and H. Sakurai. "Rhodium-iron resistance thermometer with fused-silica coil frame." Cryogenics 31, no. 10 (October 1991): 869–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0011-2275(91)90019-s.

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25

Moiseeva, N. P. "The Thermal Hysteresis of a Standard Platinum Resistance Thermometer." Measurement Techniques 58, no. 4 (July 2015): 426–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11018-015-0729-8.

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26

Nara, K., H. Kato, and M. Okaji. "Development of thin wire platinum resistance thermometer with isotropic magnetoresistance." Cryogenics 33, no. 10 (October 1993): 931–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0011-2275(93)90218-d.

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27

Nara, K., H. Kato, and M. Okaji. "Design of platinum resistance thermometer with small magnetic field correction." Cryogenics 34, no. 12 (December 1994): 1007–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0011-2275(94)90094-9.

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28

Arenas, Osvaldo, Elias Al Alam, Alexandre Thevenot, Yvon Cordier, Abdelatif Jaouad, Vincent Aimez, Hassan Maher, Richard Ares, and Francois Boone. "Integration of Micro Resistance Thermometer Detectors in AlGaN/GaN Devices." IEEE Journal of the Electron Devices Society 2, no. 6 (November 2014): 145–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/jeds.2014.2346391.

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29

White, D. R., and P. M. C. Rourke. "Standard platinum resistance thermometer interpolations in a revised temperature scale." Metrologia 57, no. 3 (May 26, 2020): 035003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1681-7575/ab6b3c.

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30

Li, Yun, Fangfang Wang, Minmin You, Zude Lin, and Jingquan Liu. "Thin film resistance thermometer with simple package for cryogenic application." Cryogenics 105 (January 2020): 102997. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cryogenics.2019.102997.

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31

Abdel-Rahman, Mohamed, Muhammad Zia, and Mohammad Alduraibi. "Temperature-Dependent Resistive Properties of Vanadium Pentoxide/Vanadium Multi-Layer Thin Films for Microbolometer & Antenna-Coupled Microbolometer Applications." Sensors 19, no. 6 (March 16, 2019): 1320. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s19061320.

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In this study, vanadium oxide (VxOy) semiconducting resistive thermometer thin films were developed, and their temperature-dependent resistive behavior was examined. Multilayers of 5-nm-thick vanadium pentoxide (V2O5) and 5-nm-thick vanadium (V) films were alternately sputter-deposited, at room temperature, to form 105-nm-thick VxOy films, which were post-deposition annealed at 300 °C in O2 and N2 atmospheres for 30 and 40 min. The synthesized VxOy thin films were then patterned into resistive thermometer structures, and their resistance versus temperature (R-T) characteristics were measured. Samples annealed in O2 achieved temperature coefficients of resistance (TCRs) of −3.0036 and −2.4964%/K at resistivity values of 0.01477 and 0.00819 Ω·cm, respectively. Samples annealed in N2 achieved TCRs of −3.18 and −1.1181%/K at resistivity values of 0.04718 and 0.002527 Ω·cm, respectively. The developed thermometer thin films had TCR/resistivity properties suitable for microbolometer and antenna-coupled microbolometer applications. The employed multilayer synthesis technique was shown to be effective in tuning the TCR/resistivity properties of the thin films by varying the annealing conditions.

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32

Gugliandolo, Giovanni, Shahin Tabandeh, Lucia Rosso, Denis Smorgon, and Vito Fernicola. "Whispering Gallery Mode Resonators for Precision Temperature Metrology Applications." Sensors 21, no. 8 (April 17, 2021): 2844. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s21082844.

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In this work, the authors exploited the whispering gallery mode (WGM) resonator properties as a thermometer. The sensor is made of a cylindrical sapphire microwave resonator in the center of a gold-plated copper cavity. Two coaxial cables act as antennas and excite the WGM standing waves in the cylindrical sapphire at selected resonance frequencies in the microwave range. The system affords a high quality factor that enables temperature measurements with a resolution better than 15 µK and a measurement standard uncertainty of 1.2 mK, a value approximately three times better than that achieved in previous works. The developed sensor could be a promising alternative to platinum resistance thermometers, both as a transfer standard in industrial applications and as an interpolating instrument for the dissemination of the kelvin.

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33

Dimitrov, D. A., B. M. Terzijska, V. Guevezov, and V. T. Kovachev. "Thin film platinum resistance thermometer for measurements in high magnetic fields." Cryogenics 30, no. 4 (April 1990): 348–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0011-2275(90)90314-3.

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34

Nara, K., H. Kato, and M. Okaji. "Possible design for a thin wire resistance thermometer with isotropic magnetoresistance." Cryogenics 31, no. 6 (June 1991): 417–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0011-2275(91)90200-g.

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35

Sutton, C. M. "In situ measurement of resistance thermometer self-heating and response time." Measurement Science and Technology 5, no. 8 (August 1, 1994): 896–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/0957-0233/5/8/004.

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36

Wendland, Wayne M., and Wayne Armstrong. "Comparison of Maximum–Minimum Resistance and Liquid-in-Glass Thermometer Records." Journal of Atmospheric and Oceanic Technology 10, no. 2 (April 1993): 233–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/1520-0426(1993)010<0233:comral>2.0.co;2.

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37

Yin, L., P. Lin, and X. Qi. "Study of the reference standard facility of rhodium-iron resistance thermometer." Low Temperature Physics 40, no. 3 (March 2014): 263–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.4866908.

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38

Moiseeva, N. P. "The choice of the interpolation equation for a platinum resistance thermometer." Measurement Techniques 53, no. 6 (September 30, 2010): 657–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11018-010-9557-z.

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39

Zhu, Min-ling. "A thermometer based on diverse types thermocouples and resistance temperature detectors." Journal of Shanghai Jiaotong University (Science) 20, no. 1 (January 29, 2015): 93–100. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12204-015-1594-y.

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40

GIARETTO, V., and M. F. TORCHIO. "EXPERIMENTAL INVESTIGATION FOR THE SIMULTANEOUS ESTIMATION OF THE THERMAL CONDUCTIVITY AND SPECIFIC HEAT CAPACITY USING A TWO-WIRE METHOD." International Journal of Modern Physics B 18, no. 10n11 (April 30, 2004): 1489–502. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217979204024768.

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A prototype apparatus that uses two platinum wires for the simultaneous estimation of the thermal conductivity and specific heat capacity of liquids is described. The first wire is used both as a hot wire and a resistance thermometer, while the second one is used as a resistance thermometer. The aim of the work was to experimentally verify the advantages of employing a second wire to improve the reliability of the estimation of the properties. Three different liquids: water, propylene glycol, and a mixture of these are considered. An analytical solution with a changing heat flux is adopted. The thermal conductivity and the specific heat capacity are simultaneously estimated with a nonlinear regression (Maximum Likelihood) of the experimental data, using two-wire measurements or only hot-wire measurements. A comparison between these two approaches is reported and discussed.

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41

Nara, Koichi, Hideyuki Kato, and Masahiro Okaji. "Magneto-resistance of a highly stable industrial-grade platinum resistance thermometer between 20 and 240 K." Cryogenics 31, no. 1 (January 1991): 16–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0011-2275(91)90185-y.

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42

Cooke, G. "Can Harmonisation Of Fire Resistance Furnaces Be Achieved By Plate Thermometer Control?" Fire Safety Science 4 (1994): 1195–207. http://dx.doi.org/10.3801/iafss.fss.4-1195.

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43

YAMASAKI, Hiro, Satoshi HONDA, Masashi UEDA, Akira ENDOU, and Manabu FUEKI. "A Novel Non-intrusive Resistance Thermometer for Sodium in Fast Breeder Reactor." Transactions of the Society of Instrument and Control Engineers 43, no. 9 (2007): 756–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.9746/ve.sicetr1965.43.756.

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44

De´nos, R., and C. H. Sieverding. "Assessment of the Cold-Wire Resistance Thermometer for High-Speed Turbomachinery Applications." Journal of Turbomachinery 119, no. 1 (January 1, 1997): 140–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.2841002.

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The paper first describes the fundamentals of cold-wire resistance thermometry. The transfer functions with and without wire-prong heat conduction effects are discussed and a new method for the description of complicated transfer functions describing both the prongs and wire frequency response is proposed. The experimental part of the paper starts with an investigation of the transfer function of various probes differing by the wire diameter, the l/d ratio, and the wire-prong connection using two simple methods: (1) electrical heating of the wire by a sine current and (2) a temperature step test consisting in injecting the probe into a hot air stream. The first test provides information on the wire response, whereas the second serves to study wire prong heat conduction effect. The tests cover a wide range of velocities and densities. A frequency bandwidth of 2 kHz is obtained with a 2.5 μm wire probe at an air velocity of 200 m/s at atmospheric pressure. A numerical compensation system allows us to extend the use of this probe to much higher frequencies. Finally, the probe is mounted onto a wheel in a high-speed rotating test rig allowing probe traverses through a stationary hot air jet at rotational speeds up to 5000 rpm with the probe positioned at a radius of 0.380 m. The probe signal is transmitted via an opto-electronic data transmission system. It is demonstrated that using the numerical compensation method, it is possible to reconstruct the hot jet temperature profile at frequencies up to 6 kHz.

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45

Shibata, Kiyotaka. "Indicial response of the electric resistance thermometer composed of three concentric cylinders." Papers in Meteorology and Geophysics 41, no. 2 (1990): 43–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.2467/mripapers.41.43.

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46

Crovini, L., H. J. Jung, R. C. Kemp, S. K. Ling, B. W. Mangum, and H. Sakurai. "The Platinum Resistance Thermometer Range of the International Temperature Scale of 1990." Metrologia 28, no. 4 (January 1, 1991): 317–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/0026-1394/28/4/003.

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47

Shimazaki, T., K. Toyoda, A. Oota, H. Nozato, T. Usuda, and O. Tamura. "Closed-Cycle Joule–Thomson Cryocooler for Resistance Thermometer Calibration down to 0.65K." International Journal of Thermophysics 29, no. 1 (January 23, 2008): 42–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10765-007-0341-5.

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48

Bojkovski, J., A. Peruzzi, R. Bosma, and V. Batagelj. "Bilateral Comparison of Aluminum Fixed-Point Cells Using Standard Platinum Resistance Thermometer." International Journal of Thermophysics 32, no. 7-8 (June 10, 2011): 1518–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10765-011-1015-x.

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49

Wickstr�m, Ulf. "The plate thermometer - a simple instrument for reaching harmonized fire resistance tests." Fire Technology 30, no. 2 (May 1994): 195–208. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf01040002.

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50

Bai, Li, and Tan Liu. "Analysis of Dirt Resistance Based on the Double-Pipe Device." Advanced Materials Research 671-674 (March 2013): 2563–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.671-674.2563.

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The double-pipe heat exchanger device is used for simulating sewage water heat exchanger. The double-pipe heat exchanger system with the sewage water flow in the inner tube and intermediary (tap) water flow in the annular tube. The pt100 thermometer measure inlet and outlet temperature of sewage water and intermediary water. According the debugging temperature data, the error of double-pipe device heat transfer coefficient ΔU/U≤±20%.It is proved that the double-pipe system is feasible to monitor the fouling resistance dynamically.

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