To see the other types of publications on this topic, follow the link: Resistant Tuberculosis.
Journal articles on the topic 'Resistant Tuberculosis'
Create a spot-on reference in APA, MLA, Chicago, Harvard, and other styles
Consult the top 50 journal articles for your research on the topic 'Resistant Tuberculosis.'
Next to every source in the list of references, there is an 'Add to bibliography' button. Press on it, and we will generate automatically the bibliographic reference to the chosen work in the citation style you need: APA, MLA, Harvard, Chicago, Vancouver, etc.
You can also download the full text of the academic publication as pdf and read online its abstract whenever available in the metadata.
Browse journal articles on a wide variety of disciplines and organise your bibliography correctly.
1
Bereda, Gudisa. "Medication resistant tuberculosis: multi drugresistant and extensively drug resistant." Journal of Lung, Pulmonary & Respiratory Research 8, no. 4 (2021): 155–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.15406/jlprr.2021.08.00267.
Full textAbstract:
Medication-resistant tuberculosis is a considerable across-the-board public health challenge that menace’s the substantial advance made in tuberculosis heedfulness and precluding in current decades. Multidrug-resistant tuberculosis is caused by organisms that are resistant to the consummate effective anti-tuberculosis medications (isoniazid and rifampicin). Tuberculosis organisms resistant to the antibiotics used in its treatment are extendedly and happen in entire countries studied. Medication resistance noticed as a sequence of insufficient treatment and once tuberculosis organisms obtain resistance they can disseminate from person to person in the similar way as medication-sensitive tuberculosis. Multidrug-resistant tuberculosis sequences from either infection with organisms which are previously medication-resistant or perhaps advance in the program of a patient's treatment. Rifampicin-resistant tuberculosis is caused by bacteria that do not answered to rifampicin, one of the consummate influential anti- tuberculosis medications. These patients necessitated multidrug-resistant tuberculosis treatment. Extendedly medication-resistant tuberculosis is a figure of tuberculosis caused by organisms that are resistant to isoniazid and rifampicin (i.e. multidrug-resistant tuberculosis) as well as every fluoroquinolone and any of the second–line anti- tuberculosis injectable drugs (amikacin, kanamycin or capreomycin). Extendedly medication-resistant tuberculosis can elaborate when second-line medications are used incorrectly or wrongly managed and upon become ineffective.
2
Bereda, Gudisa. "Management of drug resistant tuberculosis: isoniazid resistant, rifampicin resistant, multi drug resistant, and extensively drug resistant." Journal of Lung, Pulmonary & Respiratory Research 9, no. 2 (2022): 46–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.15406/jlprr.2022.09.00279.
Full textAbstract:
Mycobacterium tuberculosis strains that are resistant to an elevating number of second-line medicines used to treat multidrug-resistant tuberculosis are becoming a threat to public health worldwide. Recent guidelines recommended at least 20 months of treatment, but recent regimens are toxic, poorly tolerated and insufficiently effective, with cure rates as low as 36% and failure rates as high as 50%. The emergence of multidrug-resistant tuberculosis can be defined as strains resistant to at least isoniazid and rifampin has introduced as they are challenging, but overcome the complexities to tuberculosis programs that have responded by treating multidrug-resistant tuberculosis with second-line drugs. Longer multidrug-resistant tuberculosis regimens are treatments for rifampicin resistant tuberculosis or multidrug-resistant tuberculosis which last 18 months or more according to the new 2019 updated World Health Organization drug-resistant tuberculosis guidelines and which may be standardized or individualized. Longer multidrug-resistant tuberculosis regimens are usually designed to involve a minimum number of second-line tuberculosis medicines considered to be effective based on patient history or drug-resistance patterns. The exact number of drugs used to treat extensively tuberculosis drug-resistant is unknown, but most individuals will receive five to six drugs. Identically, as the majority of patients with extensively tuberculosis drug-resistant have been previously treated for multidrug-resistant tuberculosis, prior exposure to drugs like ethionamide and terizidone frequently excludes their use.
3
Laskar, Nourjahan, Md Akram Hossain, Jannatul Fardows, and Mominur Rahman. "GeneXpert MTB/RIF Assay for Rapid Identification of Mycobacterium Tuberculosis and Rifampicin Resistance Directly from Sputum Sample." Journal of Enam Medical College 7, no. 2 (2017): 86–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/jemc.v7i2.32653.
Full textAbstract:
Background: The World Health Organization has endorsed the use of molecular methods for the detection of tuberculosis (TB) and drug resistant TB as a rapid method. In Bangladesh, the Xpert MTB/RIF assay has been implemented into reference laboratories for diagnosis of TB and also MDR TB.Objective: Drug resistant tuberculosis has long been a common problem prevailing in our country. The present study focused on the rapid identification of Mycobacterium tuberculosis as well as drug resistance.Materials and Methods: Sputum samples from a total of 107 cases, assumed as multi-drug resistance tuberculosis, were studied through GeneXpert assay.Results: Out of 107 cases, 91 (85.05%) were detected having M. tuberculosis ? 64 (59.81%) were rifampicin sensitive and 27 (25.23%) were rifampicin resistant. The sensitivity and specificity of the GeneXpert are 87.64% and 75% respectively.Conclusion: GeneXpert assay can be considered for the rapid diagnosis of drug resistant tuberculosis.J Enam Med Col 2017; 7(2): 86-89
4
Kiady, Ravahatra, Rakotondrabe Iantsotiana Davidson, Rasoafaranirina Marie Odette, Tiaray Harison Michel, Nandimbiniaina Anjara, and Rakotoson Joëlson Lovaniaina. "Profil De Résistance Des Mycobabcterium Tuberculosis Des Malades En Retraitement Dans La Région De Haute Matsiatra, Madagascar." European Scientific Journal, ESJ 13, no. 18 (2017): 465. http://dx.doi.org/10.19044/esj.2017.v13n18p465.
Full textAbstract:
Introduction: Relapse, failure and defaulted treatment are a risk factor for Mycobacterium tuberculosis resistance to anti-tuberculosis. The objective of our study is to determine the resistance profile of Mycobacterium tuberculosis of patients in retreatment at the Haute Matriatra area. Method: This is a retrospective, descriptive study carried out on the basis of the data contained in the register of the Haute Matsiatra Regional Tuberculosis Laboratory of the University Hospital of Fianarantsoa, from May 2014 to December 2016 (31 months). We included patients with retreatment in the study. Results: We found 138 patients in retreatment. The average age was 39.32 years with a sex ratio of 2.11. Resistance to Rifampicin and Isoniazid was respectively 2.17% and 2.82%, The prevalence of multidrug-resistant tuberculosis was 0.72%. Conclusion: Tuberculosi resistance, monoresistance or multidrug resistance is a reality in the region of Haute Matsiatra with a prevalence that is still low, reflecting the effectiveness of the tuberculosis control program. However, monoresistances require special attention and monitoring to avoid the emergence of multidrug resistant strains.
5
Kaur, Harveen, Dilbag Singh, Amritpal Kaur, N. C. Kajal, and Mukul Sharma. "Central nervous system Tuberculomas in a patient with disseminated multi-drug resistant tuberculosis; A case report." International Journal of Current Research in Medical Sciences 7, no. 1 (2021): 1–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.22192/ijcrms.2021.07.01.001.
Full textAbstract:
Tuberculosis (TB) is one of the leading causes of death worldwide, particularly in low- and middle-income countries. Although Mycobacterium tuberculosis can involve any organ, most commonly the lung, central nervous system (CNS) tuberculosis is the most devastating form of the disease. Tuberculoma is the most common parenchymal lesion in CNS tuberculosis which could be found in any portion of the intracranial space. The global rates and numbers of drug resistant TB are rising. With increasing globalization, the spread of drug-resistant strains of TB has become a mounting global public health concern. We present a case of 27-year-old male with disseminated multi-drug resistant (MDR) TB who presented with neurological symptoms and multiple CNS Tuberculomas. The patient was started on regimen for Multi-drug resistant tuberculosis (MDR-TB), which allowed the serial resolution of intracranial tuberculomas. Keywords: Tuberculosis (TB), Multi-drug resistant (MDR) TB, Central nervous system (CNS) TB, Tuberculoma, MRI brain
6
Diriba, Getu, Habteyes Hailu Tola, Ayinalem Alemu, Bazezew Yenew, Dinka Fikadu Gamtesa, and Abebaw Kebede. "Drug resistance and its risk factors among extrapulmonary tuberculosis in Ethiopia: A systematic review and meta-analysis." PLOS ONE 16, no. 10 (2021): e0258295. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0258295.
Full textAbstract:
Background Drug-resistant tuberculosis and extrapulmonary tuberculosis are the world major public health issues. Although some primary studies have been reported on the burden of drug-resistant tuberculosis in extrapulmonary tuberculosis patients in Ethiopia, there is no systematic review and meta-analysis that attempt to summarize the available literature. Thus, we aimed to estimates the prevalence of drug-resistance in extrapulmonary tuberculosis patients and summarize the risk factors associated with the occurrence of extrapulmonary tuberculosis in Ethiopia. Methods We conducted a systematic review of the published primary studies on extrapulmonary drug-resistant tuberculosis in Ethiopia. Results Eight observational studies were included in this review from different regions of Ethiopia. The overall pooled prevalence of rifampicin resistance was 6% (95% CI 0.03–0.10), while isoniazid resistance was 7% (95% CI 0.03–0.12). The pooled prevalence of multidrug-resistant tuberculosis was 4% (95% CI 0.01–0.07). Previous tuberculosis treatment history and male gender are frequently reported risk factors for developing drug-resistant tuberculosis in extrapulmonary tuberculosis patients. Conclusion The current review has identified a high proportion of resistance to rifampicin, isoniazid, and multidrug-resistant tuberculosis in patients with extrapulmonary tuberculosis in Ethiopia. Clinicians should request drug susceptibility testing for all patients with presumptive extrapulmonary tuberculosis to detect drug-resistance.
7
Zahaba, L. M., M. S. Opanasenko, I. V. Liskina, et al. "Drug-resistant pulmonary tuberculosis with surgical treatment: clinical forms, histological and macroscopic aspects." Infusion & Chemotherapy, no. 4 (December 18, 2024): 11–17. https://doi.org/10.32902/2663-0338-2024-4-11-17.
Full textAbstract:
OBJECTIVE. To clarify the clinical forms of drug-resistant pulmonary tuberculosis with surgical treatment and their relationship with the morphological activity of specific inflammation and the detection of Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MBT) in the surgical material. MATERIALS AND METHODS. The study had a cohort retrospective character. The two groups of patients were studied – with multidrug-resistant tuberculosis (n=27) and pre-extensively drug-resistant tuberculosis (n=25). All patients after completion of a standardized 6-month or individualized chemotherapy was performed surgery. The results of morphological examination namely clarification of pulmonary tuberculosis clinical forms and the morphological degree of activity of a specific inflammatory process were analyzed. A comparative analysis of MBT detection by the cultural method in the surgical material depending on the forms of pulmonary tuberculosis and its degree of activity was performed. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION. Regardless of the drug-resistant profile, different forms of pulmonary tuberculosis were presented in both study groups. In general, cases of multiple tuberculomas (24; 46.2 %) were quantitative prevailed with predominance in group 1. In second place in frequency was diagnosed fibrocaseous tuberculosis (10; 19.2 %) at that cases of pre-extensively drug-resistant tuberculosis (7; 28.0 %) more than twice prevailed. A diagnosis of residual post-tuberculosis changes in the lungs (7; 13.5 %) was at third place, which also prevailed in group 2 (6; 24.0 %). According of morphological examination, it was found that only a quarter of patients at the time of surgery achieved remission of the disease (12; 23.1 %) with a predominance of group 1 (8; 32.0 %). The progression of specific inflammation persisted (18; 34.6 %) in a third of observations in both groups. During surgery operating material was collected for cultural research, which was conducted in 41 cases (78.8 %). In most cases (30; 57.7 %), MBT was not detected, the largest proportion occurred on lung tuberculoma (17; 32.7 %). In almost quarter of all cases, the MBT was detected in surgical material (12; 23.1 %). The share of MBT detection was much higher in fibrocaseous tuberculosis (4; 40.0 %), compared to cases of solitary tuberculomas (4; 16.7 %). The MBT was also detected in residual post-tuberculosis changes – only in the group of pre-extensively drug-resistant tuberculosis (3; 12.0 %). It is established that the morphological activity of the inflammatory process does not clearly correlate with cases of cultural detection of MBT. CONCLUSIONS. The use of modern chemotherapeutic regimens for the treatment of tuberculosis with multidrug resistance and pre-extensively drug-resistant tuberculosis during, in the main course of therapy does not allow to achieve complete abacylation in such patients, which causes additional surgical treatment. In cases of pre-extensively drug-resistant tuberculosis, the development of more severe forms of lung tuberculosis and the lower preoperative effectiveness of specific anti-tuberculosis therapy was observed.
8
Ulasi, Amara, Ndubuisi Nwachukwu, Reginald Onyeagba, Solomon Umeham, and Anuli Amadi. "Prevalence of rifampicin resistant tuberculosis among pulmonary tuberculosis patients In Enugu, Nigeria." African Health Sciences 22, no. 2 (2022): 156–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.4314/ahs.v22i2.18.
Full textAbstract:
Objective: We determined the prevalence of rifampicin resistance in pulmonary tuberculosis patients in Enugu Nigeria.
 Methods: A prospective hospital- based study involving 1300 presumptive multidrug- resistant tuberculosis patients was conducted in Enugu between April 2017 and 31st March, 2019. Participants age ranged from 15 years and older and each submitted one sputum specimens Sputum specimens were analyzed using the Gene Xpert MTB/RIF assay to detect resistance to rifampicin according to manufacturer's protocol.
 Results: The prevalence of rifampicin resistant tuberculosis was 6.8% (95% CI: 5.5- 8.3). Rifampicin resistance was significantly higher in males (9.0%) than females (4.2%) ( P = 0.036< 0.05). Most of the cases were seen in the age group 35-44 years (28.4%). Prevalence of rifampicin resistant tuberculosis was 2.7% in treatment naive (new) patients and 4.1% in patients on anti-tuberculosis therapy (previously treated).
 Conclusion: The prevalence of rifampicin resistant tuberculosis in Enugu was high. Rifampicin resistance in treatment naive (new) patients was also high. This study therefore highlights that active transmission of Multidrug-resistant tuberculosis among young males could be on-going.
 Keywords: Multidrug Resistant Tuberculosis; Rifampicin resistance; Gene Xpert; Drug resistance.
9
Ristic, Lidija, Milan Rancic, and Milan Radovic. "Tuberculosis in the 21st century: Challenges, endeavors and recommendations to doctors." Medical review 63, no. 11-12 (2010): 811–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/mpns1012811r.
Full textAbstract:
The magnitude of problem with tuberculosis lies in the fact that one third of the world population is infected by Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Even in the 21st century, tuberculosis kills more people than any other infective agent. Definition of case of resistance - the case of resistant tuberculosis is precisely defined by the recommendations of the World Health Organization as primary, initial, acquired multidrug resistant and extensively drug resistant tuberculosis. The development of resistance tuberculosis may result from the administration of monotherapy or inadequate combinations of anti-tuberculosis drugs. A possible role of doctors in the development of multi drug-resistant tuberculosis is very important. Actually, multi drug-resistant tuberculosis is a direct consequence of mistakes in prescribing chemotherapy, provision of anti-tuberculosis drugs, surveillance of the patient and decision-making regarding further treatment as well as in a wrong way of administration of anti-tuberculosis drugs. The problem of extensively drug-resistant tuberculosis in the world has become very alarming. In South Africa, extensively drug resistant tuberculosis accounts for 24% of all tuberculosis case. It can be concluded that only adequate treatment according to directly supervised short regiment for correctly categorized cases of tuberculosis can stop the escalation of multidrug or extensively drug resistant tuberculosis, which is actually an incurable illness in the 21st century.
10
Ramachandra, Venkateswari, Usharani Brammacharry, Aaina Muralidhar, et al. "Assess the Diagnostic Accuracy of GeneXpert to Detect Mycobacterium tuberculosis and Rifampicin-Resistant Tuberculosis among Presumptive Tuberculosis and Presumptive Drug Resistant Tuberculosis Patients." Microbiology Research 15, no. 1 (2023): 91–108. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/microbiolres15010006.
Full textAbstract:
GeneXpert MTB/RIF is a rapid molecular diagnostic tool capable of simultaneously detecting Mycobacterium tuberculosis and rifampicin resistance. This study aimed to assess the diagnostic precision of GeneXpert MTB/RIF assay to detect pulmonary and extrapulmonary tuberculosis and evaluate the performance for detecting of rifampicin resistance. Of 37,695 samples, 7156 (18.98%) were tuberculosis-positive, and 509 (7.11%) were rifampicin-resistant. The sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, negative predictive value, disease prevalence, and accuracy of the GeneXpert MTB/RIF assay for pulmonary tuberculosis were 99.87% (95%CI: 99.75–99.94), 99.92% (95%CI: 99.88–99.95), 99.71% (95%CI: 99.54–99.82), 99.97% (95%CI: 99.93–99.98), 21.38% (95%CI: 20.92–21.86), and 99.91% (95%CI: 99.87–99.94), respectively. For extrapulmonary tuberculosis, the sensitivity, specificity, PPV, NPV, disease prevalence, and accuracy of GeneXpert MTB/RIF assay accounted for 99.45% (95%CI: 98.73–99.82), 99.84% (95%CI: 99.73–99.92), 98.70% (95%CI: 97.73–99.25), 99.93% (95%CI: 99.84–99.97), 10.64% (95%CI: 9.99–11.31), and 99.80% (95%CI: 99.68–99.88), respectively. Despite its high sensitivity for detecting tuberculosis and rifampicin resistance, GeneXpert MTB/RIF had contradictory results for 20.5% of cases among patients with smear-negative results and 54.9% of cases among patients with a high risk of multidrug-resistant tuberculosis. Of 46% fluoroquinolone-resistant cases, 16.56% (26/157) were multidrug-resistant tuberculosis isolates, and 4.02% (20/498) were isoniazid-resistant, a characteristic distribution leading to about 17.2% of fluoroquinolone-resistance events and relevant marker gyr-A mutations in MDR tuberculosis isolates. Further, our study indicated that increased fluoroquinolone resistance among rifampicin-resistant and isoniazid-resistant tuberculosis endangers the success of newly endorsed MDR-TB regimens.
11
Nwachukwu, Ndubuisi O., Amara E. Ulasi, Christopher U. Okoronkwo, and Valentine N. Unegbu. "Pre-extensively drug-resistant tuberculosis among pulmonary multidrug-resistant tuberculosis patients in Eastern Nigeria." Lung India 40, no. 6 (2023): 492–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.4103/lungindia.lungindia_337_23.
Full textAbstract:
Background: Pre-extensively drug-resistant tuberculosis (Pre-XDR-TB), an emerging form of drug-resistant tuberculosis, is challenging efforts at tuberculosis control, leading to treatment failure among multidrug-resistant tuberculosis (MDR-TB) patients and progression to extensively drug-resistant tuberculosis (XDR-TB). We determined the rate of Pre-XDR-TB among multidrug-resistant patients in Southeast, Nigeria. Methods: A prospective laboratory-based study was carried out at the South East Zonal Tuberculosis Reference Laboratory from January 2021 to December 2021. Second-line drug (SLD) resistance was performed on 225 sputum samples of multidrug-resistant patients prior to treatment initiation using GenoType MTBDRsl genotypic drug susceptibility testing (DST) method. Results: The rate of Pre-XDR-TB among 225 MDR-TB cases was 3.1%. Fluoroquinolone-resistant Pre-XDR-TB was observed (100%) in previously treated tuberculosis cases. Only one (0.4%) case showed resistance to both fluoroquinolone (FQ) and one second-line injectable drug (XDR-TB). The extensively drug-resistant case observed was a de-novo resistance. Exactly 0.9% of the multidrug-resistant cases showed resistance to second-line injectables. Conclusion: The prevalence of Pre-XDR-TB among MDR-TB cases was high. There is need for rapid detection of Pre-XDR-TB among MDR-TB cases before treatment initiation.
12
Seung, Kwonjune J., Salmaan Keshavjee, and Michael L. Rich. "Multidrug-Resistant Tuberculosis and Extensively Drug-Resistant Tuberculosis." Cold Spring Harbor Perspectives in Medicine 5, no. 9 (2015): a017863. http://dx.doi.org/10.1101/cshperspect.a017863.
Full text
13
Notarfrancesco, Marco, Barbara Castelnuovo, Marisa Kaelin, Jan Fehr, and Christine Sekaggya-Wiltshire. "‘Out of sight, out of mind?’ A follow-up on HIV-infected patients with drug-resistant pulmonary tuberculosis in Uganda: A case series." SAGE Open Medical Case Reports 9 (January 2021): 2050313X2110197. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2050313x211019790.
Full textAbstract:
Among new tuberculosis cases in Uganda, 10.3% are drug-resistant and 43% occur in people living with HIV. Both resistance and HIV–tuberculosis co-infection lead to unfavourable tuberculosis treatment outcomes. In this case series, we followed up eight HIV–tuberculosis co-infected patients withdrawn from a pharmacokinetics study on anti-tuberculosis drugs between April 2013 and April 2015 following a diagnosis of drug-resistant tuberculosis. We identified resistance patterns and treatment regimens and evaluated their tuberculosis treatment outcomes. Two patients were multidrug-resistant, only one out of eight was treated according to the World Health Organization guidelines applicable at that time and five had unfavourable tuberculosis treatment outcomes, that is, were lost to follow-up, could not be evaluated or died. Taken together, we found unfavourable tuberculosis treatment outcomes for patients with drug-resistant tuberculosis. This indicates the necessity of implementation of current treatment guidelines and close monitoring for patients with drug-resistant tuberculosis.
14
khan, Salman, Naseeb-Ur -Rehman, Mohammad Zubair, and Nisar Khan. "Prevalence of Pre-Extensively Drug Resistant Tuberculosis, Extensively Drug Resistant Tuberculosis among the Multi Drug Resistant Tuberculosis Patients." BMC Journal of Medical Sciences 5, no. 1 (2024): 67–69. https://doi.org/10.70905/bmcj.05.01.0272.
Full textAbstract:
Abstract Background: Multidrug-resistant tuberculosis (MDRTB) is a growing global health concern that is a chronic danger to world health due to tuberculosis (TB). Objective: The aim of this study was to examine the frequency of both pre extensively drug-resistant tuberculosis (PXDRTB) and extensively drug-resistant tuberculosis (EXDRTB) in patients with multidrug-resistant tuberculosis (MDRTB). Material and Method: A prospective study was performed at DHQ Teaching Hospital, Gomal Medical College, Dera Ismail Khan from March 2023 to February 2024. A cohort of 220 eligible patients with drug-resistant TB, aged 20 to 70, participated. Inclusion and exclusion criteria were applied, and patient profiles and drug susceptibility testing were obtained. Data analysis was conducted using SPSS 27. Results: Of the total patients, 32.72% (n=72) had PXDRTB, and 8.18% (n=18) had EXDRTB. All PXDRTB cases showed resistant to fluoroquinolone (FQ). Conclusion: In order to lessen the effect of drug-resistant tuberculosis on public health, tailored treatments and ethical antibiotic usage are important. This is highlighted by the high incidence of FQ resistance. These results have consequences for the early detection, management, and avoidance of tuberculosis that is resistant to drugs.
15
Basavaraj, Anita, and Naveen Kannur. "A Case Report of Drug Resistant Tuberculosis Involving Brain." International Journal of Research and Review 9, no. 11 (2022): 399–408. http://dx.doi.org/10.52403/ijrr.20221154.
Full textAbstract:
We report a 21 year old male resident of Tasgaon, Maharashtra who was diagnosed with drug resistant tuberculosis affecting his lungs and brain, resistant to first line antitubercular drug Rifampicin. Initially he was diagnosed as a case of extrapulmonary tuberculosis, left sided tubercular pleural effusion. Later during course of treatment he developed central nervous system tuberculosis confirmed on magnetic resonance imaging brain contrast study and Cerebrospinal fluid study. Cerebrospinal fluid catridge based nucleic acid amplification test showed Rifampicin resistance. He was started on Modified longer oral Multidrug/extensively drug resistant tuberculosis regimen according to Programmatic management of drug resistant tuberculosis in India, 2021 guidelines. Keywords: Tuberculosis, Extra pulmonary, Programmatic management of drug resistance, Oral regimen, Central nervous system tuberculosis
16
Tuladhar, Pranita, Dhruba Kumar Khadka, Megha Raj Banjara, and Reshma Tuladhar. "Second Line Drugs Resistant Mycobacterium Tuberculosis in Multi-Drug Resistant Tuberculosis Patients." Journal of Institute of Science and Technology 22, no. 2 (2018): 168–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/jist.v22i2.19609.
Full textAbstract:
With an increase in Multi-drug resistant tuberculosis (MDR-TB), there is a need of second line drug susceptibility test that helps in early diagnosis and minimize the risk of other powerful drug resistant Mycobacterium tuberculosis. The aim of this study was to determine second line drugs (ofloxacin, kanamycin, capreomycin) resistance pattern in MDR-TB isolates and to determine the prevalence of pre-Extensively drug resistant tuberculosis (pre-XDR-TB) and XDR-TB in MDR-TB patients. The study was conducted from February to September 2015 at National Tuberculosis Centre, Thimi, Bhaktapur. MDR-TB (resistant to isoniazid and rifampicin) patients’ sputum samples were processed by Modified Petroff’s method. Out of 92 samples, 57 were found culture positive. Following the species identification of culture positive MDR-TB isolates, second line drug susceptibility test was performed by conventional proportion method. Of 57 MDR-TB isolates, 22 (38.59%) showed resistance to ofloxacin (Ofx), 9 (15.79%) to capreomycin (Cm) and 9 (15.79%) to kanamycin (Km). One XDR-TB (1.8%) resistant to all drugs was detected. Of the remaining, 21(36.8%) were resistant to ofloxacin only and 8(15.4%) were resistant to two drugs i.e.29 (50.9%) were pre-XDR-TB. The prevalence of pre-XDR-TB and XDR-TB was found to be 50.88% and 1.75% respectively. The resistance pattern of second line anti-tuberculosis drugs showed higher ofloxacin resistance in MDR-TB patients. In a nutshell, MDR-TB cases need urgent and timely susceptibility report for second line anti-tuberculosis drugs to help the clinicians start proper drug combinations to treat MDR-TB patients. Journal of Institute of Science and Technology Volume 22, Issue 2, January 2018, page: 168-174
17
Ali, Mohamed Muhumed, Fitsum Weldegebreal, Getachew Kabew, and Kedir Urgesa. "Rifampicin resistant Mycobacterium tuberculosis and associated factors among presumptive pulmonary tuberculosis patients in Mogadishu, Somalia." SAGE Open Medicine 11 (January 2023): 205031212211486. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/20503121221148603.
Full textAbstract:
Background: Multi-drug resistant Mycobacterium tuberculosis is a growing public health problem in developing countries including Somalia. Although, the prevalence of multi-drug resistant tuberculosis among new and retreated cases is high, data on GeneXpert- Mycobacterium tuberculosis/rifampicin-resistant assay, which is a surrogate marker for multidrug resistance, is not well explored in Mogadishu. Objectives: To determine the prevalence of rifampicin-resistant Mycobacterium tuberculosis and its associated factors among presumptive pulmonary tuberculosis patients visiting tuberculosis centers in Mogadishu, Somalia. Methods: A multicenter cross-sectional study was conducted in three tuberculosis treatment centers from March 12 to April 30, 2021. Laboratory professionals collected sputum sample consecutively from presumptive pulmonary tuberculosis participants and performed a GeneXpert assay to determine the rifampicin resistance. Socio-demographic and clinical data were collected using structured questionnaire. Logistic regression analyses were performed to assess factors associated with rifampicin resistance using an adjusted odds ratio at a 95% confidence interval. Statistical significance was considered at a p-value of less than 0.05. Results: A total of 370 presumptive tuberculosis suspects were included; of whom 58.4% were females and the mean age of the participants was 44.3 ± 14 years. Mycobacterium tuberculosis was detected in 63 (17%) (95% confidence interval = 13.2–20.8) suspects. Of these the prevalence of rifampicin-resistant Mycobacterium tuberculosis was 35% (95% confidence interval = 30.2–39.8). Anti-tuberculosis treatment history (adjusted odds ratio = 4.1; 95% confidence interval = 1.91–6.75), monthly income less than $100 USD (adjusted odds ratio = 2.2; 95% confidence interval = 1.77–5.98) and being diagnosed with Asthma (adjusted odds ratio = 2.63; 95% confidence interval = 1.3–7.3) were significantly associated with rifampicin-resistant tuberculosis. Conclusion: A considerable proportion of rifampicin-resistant tuberculosis is reported in these study settings. The strong association between multidrug resistance tuberculosis and patients’ retreatment history of tuberculosis, low income, and co-morbidity with asthma highlights the need for more efforts in tuberculosis treatment and monitoring programs to limit the emergence of multi-drug resistant strain in the study areas.
18
Kaki, Reham M., Nabeela A. Al-Abdullah, Mahdi M. Abulkalam, Nawaf T. Ashgan, Mohammed A. Aldini, and Abdulrahman M. Dafterdar. "Survey of Drug-Resistant Tuberculosis Patients in a University Tertiary Hospital in Saudi Arabia." Saudi Journal of Internal Medicine 7, no. 2 (2017): 27–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.32790/sjim.2017.7.2.5.
Full textAbstract:
Objective: Drug-resistant tuberculosis is a major health problem worldwide. In Saudi Arabia, 16.4% of tuberculosis cases were found to be resistant to at least one first-line drug. This study aims to assess and determine patterns of tuberculosis drug resistance among patients with culture-positive tuberculosis in order to develop an appropriate treatment strategy.
 Methods: Data for 51 patients with culture-proven drug-resistant tuberculosis from January 2006 to January 2017 seeking treatment at the King Abdulaziz University Hospital were retrospectively analyzed. World Health Organization criteria were used to classify cases according to type of resistance: monoresistant, polyresistant, and multidrug resistant.
 Results: Of the 299 tuberculosis positive cases there were 51 cases of drug-resistant tuberculosis, of which 60.8% were monoresistant (isoniazid, 17.6%; rifampin, 5.88%; pyrazinamide, 11.76%; ethambutol, 3.92%; streptomycin, 21.57%), 25.49% were multidrug-resistant tuberculosis, and 13.73% were polyresistant. Moreover, 18% involved children, 37% adolescents, 17.6% early adults, 17.6% late adults, and 11.76% elderly. Two-thirds of the patients were non-Saudi (76.46%). We found that 5.8% of the patients were HIV positive and 50% of these patients demonstrated monoresistant tuberculosis. Moreover, 47.05% of patients had type 2 diabetes. A total of 45 (88%) patients had primary resistance and 6 had secondary resistance. Radiologically, 60.78% of the patients had cavitary tuberculosis and 64% had bilateral pulmonary disease.
 Conclusions: Our results show that the pattern of tuberculosis drug resistance observed within King Abdulaziz University Hospital is similar to that observed globally.
19
Wulandari, Citra, and Ziske Maritska. "DETECTION OF FLUOROQUINOLONE RESISTANCE IN MYCOBACTERIUM TUBERCULOSIS ISOLATE CAUSED BY MUTATION IN THE GYRA GENE." Jurnal Kedokteran dan Kesehatan : Publikasi Ilmiah Fakultas Kedokteran Universitas Sriwijaya 9, no. 1 (2022): 117–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.32539/jkk.v9i1.16554.
Full textAbstract:
Drug-resistant tuberculosis is a public health concern. TB that is drug-resistant to rifampin and isoniazid is known as MDR-TB, whereas XDR-TB is MDR-TB that is also resistant to second-line medicines, such as fluoroquinolones (levofloxacin, ofloxacin, and moxifloxacin). rifampin-resistant tuberculosis (RR-TB), of which 78 percent had multidrug-resistant tuberculosis (MDR-TB) (MDR-TB). Fluoroquinolones are a class of broad-spectrum antimicrobials that have become increasingly popular in recent years. Fluoroquinolones have activity against Mycobacterium tuberculosis both in vitro and in vivo. Fluoroquinolones might cause resistance if they are used inappropriately or excessively. According to several investigations, the majority of fluoroquinolone-resistant M. tuberculosis isolates (approximately 50-90 percent) had mutations in the gyrA gene QRDR Quinolone Resistance Determination Region. However, the genetic involvement of various gyrA gene mutations in resistant Mycobacterium TB isolates against fluoroquinolone resistance remains an unknown gyrA gene mutation pattern in resistant Mycobacterium tuberculosis isolates. In the previous investigation, mutations in the gyrA gene were discovered at codons 90 and 94.
20
Андреевская, С. Н., Т. Г. Смирнова, Е. Е. Ларионова, И. Ю. Андриевская, Л. Н. Черноусова та А. Эргешов. "Изониазид-резистентные Mycobacterium tuberculosis: частота выявления, спектры резистентности и генетические детерминанты устойчивости". Phylogenetic Analysis, № 1;2020 (2020): 22–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.24075/vrgmu.2020.001.
Full textAbstract:
Отсутствие ускоренной диагностики туберкулеза с устойчивостью возбудителя к изониазиду с сохраненной чувствительностью к рифампицину (ИР-ТБ) может быть причиной низкой эффективности терапии и приводить к амплификации лекарственной резистентности, в том числе к формированию множественной лекарственной устойчивости. Целью работы было определить частоту встречаемости ИР-ТБ в современной популяции, охарактеризовать фенотипическую чувствительность и генетические детерминанты устойчивости к изониазиду представителей этой группы M. tuberculosis на репрезентативном материале. Анализировали результаты определения лекарственной чувствительности, полученные при исследовании молекулярно- генетическими и/или культуральными методами изолятов M. tuberculosis / ДНК M. tuberculosis, выделенных от больных туберкулезом легких из клинических отделений Центрального научно-исследовательского институа туберкулеза за период 2011–2018 гг. Частота ИР-ТБ составила 12% от всех выявленных случаев туберкулеза. M. tuberculosis с ИР были как монорезистентными к изониазиду (45%), так и полирезистентными (устойчивыми к 2–6 противотуберкулезным препаратам), а устойчивость к изониазиду была обусловлена мутациями в гене katG, приводящими к высокому уровню резистентности. На основании анализа литературных данных и собственных наблюдений подчеркивается важность разработки и внедрения новых простых молекулярных тестов для определения устойчивости одновременно к рифампицину и изониазиду.
21
Crudu, Valeriu, Alexandru Codreanu, Sofia Alexandru, et al. "Geographical analysis and evaluation of M. tuberculosis genome sequencing at the national level." Bulletin of the Academy of Sciences of Moldova. Medical Sciences 74, no. 3 (2023): 174–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.52692/1857-0011.2022.3-74.33.
Full textAbstract:
Tuberculosis, one of the ancient infections that especially affects humans, the main target organ of this disease being the lung, is caused by M. tuberculosis and remains one of the most important public health problems, especially in developing countries. The emergence of multidrug-resistant and extensively drug-resistant tuberculosis is considered a serious threat to tuberculosis control worldwide. The burden of drug-resistant tuberculosis remains increasing in countries endemic for this infection. The risk factors that influence this situation and that are elucidated more frequently in the specialized literature are the abusive use of drugs, the failure of the therapeutic regimen, the relapse of tuberculosis, the difficulty of obtaining drug sensitivity testing in a fast time. In Moldova, but also in other regions of Eastern Europe, drug resistance represents a serious obstacle in the effective control of this disease. There is evidence that the transmission of resistant strains, as opposed to the acquisition of resistance mutations through inadequate treatment of drug-susceptible tuberculosis, is the main driver of the high level of multidrug-resistant and extensively drug-resistant tuberculosis in these countries.
22
Prasad, Rajendra, Nikhil Gupta, and Amitabh Banka. "Multidrug-resistant tuberculosis/rifampicin-resistant tuberculosis: Principles of management." Lung India 35, no. 1 (2018): 78. http://dx.doi.org/10.4103/lungindia.lungindia_98_17.
Full text
23
Videnovic-Ivanov, Jelica, Violeta Vucinic-Mihailovic, and Dragan Mandaric. "The impact of resistant strains of mycobacterium tuberculosis on relapse of tuberculosis." Medical review 59, no. 11-12 (2006): 522–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/mpns0612522v.
Full textAbstract:
Introduction. Relapses of tuberculosis are fairly rare nowdays and they represent the onset of tuberculosis two, or more than two years after completion of previous treatment. Material and Methods. In the previous period, relapses of tuberculosis occurred in 141 patients (87 male and 54 female). Their mean age was 46.2 years. Results. Relapses of tuberculosis occurred after 11.3 years, on average. All patients presented with pulmonary tuberculosis, and two patients also had pulmonary and extrapulmonary tuberculosis(bones). Resistance was one of the statistically significant factors for relapse of tuberculosis. Resistance to one antituberculotic agent was most common - 8 patients, resistance to two drugs - 4 patients, resistance to three drugs - 4 patients, resistance to four drugs in 5 patients. Due to these findings on resistant strains of mycobacterium tuberculosis, a huge number of patients with relapses of tuberculosis had full recovery and completed the treatment. Conclusion. The importance of resistant strains of mycobacterium tuberculosis is really huge in our conditions. The findings of these resistant strains of mycobacterium tuberculosis and adequate medical treatment are obligatory nowadays. .
24
Lesnic, Evelina, and Adriana Niguleanu. "THE PECULIARITIES OF THE PATIENTS WITH MONO-RESISTANT AND POLY-RESISTANT TUBERCULOSIS." Arta Medica 81, no. 4 (2022): 4–11. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5856484.
Full textAbstract:
<strong>Objective. </strong>Mono-resistant tuberculosis is the resistance to one of the first-line anti-tuberculosis drug, excluding the rifampicin, and poly-resistant tuberculosis means the resistance to more than one first-line anti-tuberculosis drug (izoniazid, rifampicine, streptomycine, ethambutol, with the exception of the combination of izoniazid and rifampicine. The study was conducted to assess the main peculiarities of the patients with mono-resistant and poly-resistant tuberculosis and their treatment outcome. <strong>Material and methods. </strong>A cross-sectional, analytical, and retrospective study was performed, which included 124 new cases with mono-resistant and poly-resistant tuberculosis, diagnosed during 2014-2019. The patients were distributed into two groups: the 1<sup>st</sup> group included 85 (68.5%) cases with mono-resistant tuberculosis and the 2<sup>nd</sup> group – 39 (31.5%) cases with poly-resistant tuberculosis. <strong>Results.</strong> Among 85 cases from the 1<sup>st</sup> group, 69 (81.2%) cases were resistant to streptomycine, 15 (17.5%) to izoniazid, and 1 (1.2%) to ethambutol. Among 39 cases of the 2<sup>nd</sup> group: 32 (82.0%) were resistant to izoniazid + streptomycine and 7 (18.0%) to isoniazid + ethambutol + streptomycine. The peculiarities of the patients did not show statistical differences in terms of the men/female rate and the affected age groups. Most of them had a socially-economical vulnerable state and high-risk factors. Patients were more frequently detected through the passive case-finding. No differences, according to the localization and extensibility, between the groups were established. The treatment success was registered in 66 (77.6%) cases of the 1<sup>st</sup> group and 31 (79.5%) cases of the 2<sup>nd</sup> group. The death occurred in 10 (11.8%) cases of the 1<sup>st</sup> group and 6 (15.4%) cases of the 2<sup>nd</sup> group. <strong>Conclusions. </strong>Within the mono-resistance predominated resistance against the streptomycine and in poly-resistance was noted the resistance against the isoniazid + streptomycine. No differences in general characteristics, social-economical status, high-risk factors, localization, and extensibility of tuberculosis were found. The treatment outcome was suboptimal with a high rate of death in both groups. Individualized approach should be used in all patients for the improvement of the treatment outcome.
25
CONATY, S. J., A. C. HAYWARD, A. STORY, J. R. GLYNN, F. A. DROBNIEWSKI, and J. M. WATSON. "Explaining risk factors for drug-resistant tuberculosis in England and Wales: contribution of primary and secondary drug resistance." Epidemiology and Infection 132, no. 6 (2004): 1099–108. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0950268804002869.
Full textAbstract:
Drug-resistant tuberculosis can be transmitted (primary) or develop during the course of treatment (secondary). We investigated risk factors for each type of resistance. We compared all patients in England and Wales with isoniazid- and multidrug-resistant tuberculosis in two time-periods (1993–1994 and 1998–2000) with patients with fully sensitive tuberculosis, examining separately patients without and with previous tuberculosis (a proxy for primary and secondary drug-resistant tuberculosis). Patients with previous tuberculosis smear positivity and arrival in the United Kingdom <5 years were strongly associated with multidrug resistance and isoniazid resistance. In patients with no previous tuberculosis HIV infection, residence in London and foreign birth were risk factors for multidrug resistance, and non-white ethnicity, residence in London and HIV infection for isoniazid resistance. Risk factors for each type of resistance differ. Elevated risks associated with London residence, HIV positivity, and ethnicity were mainly seen in those without previous tuberculosis (presumed transmission).
26
Zhurilo, A. A., and A. I. Barbova. "KNOWN MECHANISMS OF M. TUBERCULOSIS DRUG RESISTANCE TO MAJOR FIRST AND SECOND LINE ANTIMYCOBACTERIAL DRUGS." Ukrainian Pulmonology Journal 31, no. 4 (2023): 45–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.31215/2306-4927-2023-31-4-45-55.
Full textAbstract:
The continued rise in the prevalence of multidrug-resistant and extensively drug-resistant tuberculosis in the era of human immunodeficiency virus infection poses a serious threat to effective tuberculosis control. Drug resistance in M. tuberculosis occurs due to lowfrequency spontaneous chromosomal mutations. The clinical form of drug-resistant tuberculosis occurs mainly as a result of human selection during the treatment period of these genetic rearrangements due to indiscriminate drug provision, suboptimal treatment regimens prescribed by physicians, and poor adherence to treatment by patients. In the review article, the molecular genetic mechanisms of the development of drug resistance were thoroughly elucidated in relation to the main antimycobacterial drugs of the 1st and 2nd line, namely: isoniazid, rifampicin, pyrazinamide, ethambutol, streptomycin, amikacin, kanamycin, capreomycin and ethionamide/prothionamide. Knowledge of the relationship between drug-resistant strains of M. tuberculosis and their virulence/transmissibility, understanding of the mechanisms of drug resistance formation in M. tuberculosis will allow developing new, even more advanced accelerated methods for molecular genetic diagnosis of tuberculosis and better understanding the specifics of creating new drugs for the treatment of tuberculosis. Key words: tuberculosis, drug resistance, mechanisms.
27
Maksumova, Dinora Kamolovna. "SURGERY FOR DRUG-RESISTANT TUBERCULOSIS." INTERNATIONAL BULLETIN OF MEDICAL SCIENCES AND CLINICAL RESEARCH 3, no. 5 (2023): 100–102. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7931830.
Full textAbstract:
The purpose of the study is to study some of the problematic issues of MDR-TB surgery. An analysis was made of 720 cases of DR/MDR tuberculosis (TB) over a 5-year period (2018–2022), of which 141 (19.6%) patients were operated on for respiratory TB. Results and its discussion. Among all operated patients, newly diagnosed cases of TB prevailed (n=86; 75.4%), persons with MDR (n=66; 57.9%); surgical treatment was more often performed for tuberculomas (n=88; 73.7%) and fibrous-cavernous TB (n=19; 16.7%). The proportion of surgical closure of decay cavities averaged 24.8% over 5 years.
28
Pires, Germano Manuel, Elena Folgosa, Ndlovu Nquobile, Sheba Gitta, and Nureisha Cadir. "Mycobacterium tuberculosis resistance to antituberculosis drugs in Mozambique." Jornal Brasileiro de Pneumologia 40, no. 2 (2014): 142–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s1806-37132014000200007.
Full textAbstract:
OBJECTIVE: To determine the drug resistance profile of Mycobacterium tuberculosis in Mozambique. METHODS: We analyzed secondary data from the National Tuberculosis Referral Laboratory, in the city of Maputo, Mozambique, and from the Beira Regional Tuberculosis Referral Laboratory, in the city of Beira, Mozambique. The data were based on culture-positive samples submitted to first-line drug susceptibility testing (DST) between January and December of 2011. We attempted to determine whether the frequency of DST positivity was associated with patient type or provenance. RESULTS: During the study period, 641 strains were isolated in culture and submitted to DST. We found that 374 (58.3%) were resistant to at least one antituberculosis drug and 280 (43.7%) were resistant to multiple antituberculosis drugs. Of the 280 multidrug-resistant tuberculosis cases, 184 (65.7%) were in previously treated patients, most of whom were from southern Mozambique. Two (0.71%) of the cases of multidrug-resistant tuberculosis were confirmed to be cases of extensively drug-resistant tuberculosis. Multidrug-resistant tuberculosis was most common in males, particularly those in the 21-40 year age bracket. CONCLUSIONS: M. tuberculosis resistance to antituberculosis drugs is high in Mozambique, especially in previously treated patients. The frequency of M. tuberculosis strains that were resistant to isoniazid, rifampin, and streptomycin in combination was found to be high, particularly in samples from previously treated patients.
29
Caminero, Jose, and Charles Daley. "Management of Multidrug-Resistant Tuberculosis." Seminars in Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine 39, no. 03 (2018): 310–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0038-1661383.
Full textAbstract:
AbstractDrug-resistant strains of Mycobacterium tuberculosis pose a major threat to global tuberculosis control. Despite the availability of curative antituberculosis therapy for nearly half a century, inappropriate and inadequate treatment of tuberculosis, as well as unchecked transmission of M. tuberculosis, has resulted in alarming levels of drug-resistant tuberculosis. The World Health Organization (WHO) estimates that there were 600,000 cases of multidrug-resistant tuberculosis (MDR-TB)/rifampin-resistant (RR) tuberculosis in 2016, defined as strains that are resistant to at least isoniazid and rifampicin. Globally, WHO estimates that 4.1% of new tuberculosis cases and 19% of retreatment cases have MDR-TB. By the end of 2016, 123 countries had reported at least one case of extensively drug-resistant strains, which are MDR-TB strains that have acquired additional resistance to fluoroquinolones and at least one second-line injectable. It is estimated that only 22% of all MDR-TB cases are currently receiving therapy. This article reviews the management of MDR/RR-TB and updates recommendations regarding the use of shorter course regimens and new drugs.
30
LIU, C. H., H. M. LI, L. LI, et al. "Anti-tuberculosis drug resistance patterns and trends in a tuberculosis referral hospital, 1997–2009." Epidemiology and Infection 139, no. 12 (2011): 1909–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0950268810003158.
Full textAbstract:
SUMMARYInformation about the changing epidemiology of drug-resistant tuberculosis (TB) in hospitals in China over the past decade remains largely unknown. This study examined the susceptibility patterns and trends of drug-resistant TB cases in the 309 Hospital in Beijing, China. Mycobacterium tuberculosis isolates were retrospectively identified, drug susceptibility test (DST) results and clinical data were analysed for the period 1997–2009. Of the 5523 culture-positive TB patients, 47·1% had resistance to any anti-TB drug, 14·8% had mono-resistant TB, 19·8% had poly-resistant TB, 19·4% had multidrug-resistant TB (MDR-TB), and 1·3% had extensively drug-resistant TB (XDR-TB). Drug-resistant TB was significantly associated with age group, residential situation, and TB treatment history (P<0·001). During 1997–2000, the percentage of TB patients with any resistance, mono-resistant TB, poly-resistant TB, MDR-TB and XDR-TB all increased significantly (P<0·001). During 2000–2003, the increasing trends of MDR-TB and XDR-TB cases were reversed. During 2004–2009, the percentage of TB patients with any resistance, mono-resistant TB, poly-resistant TB, MDR-TB and XDR-TB all declined significantly (P<0·001), but the prevalence of MDR-TB and poly-resistant TB cases remained high. Our study provides evidence demonstrating that intensive TB control measures have helped reverse the increasing trends of drug-resistant TB in China, but continuous surveillance of drug-resistant TB and better case management are still needed to further reduce the remaining high prevalence of drug-resistant TB.
31
Singh, Amresh Kumar. "Resistance patterns and trends of extensively drug-resistant tuberculosis: 5-year experience." Journal of Microbiology and Infectious Diseases 03, no. 04 (2013): 169–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.5799/ahinjs.02.2013.04.0103.
Full text
32
Nikmawati, A., Windarwati Windarwati, and Hardjoeno Hardjoeno. "RESISTENSI Mycobacterium Tuberculosis TERHADAP OBAT ANTI TUBERKULOSIS." INDONESIAN JOURNAL OF CLINICAL PATHOLOGY AND MEDICAL LABORATORY 12, no. 2 (2018): 58. http://dx.doi.org/10.24293/ijcpml.v12i2.843.
Full textAbstract:
Patients infected with resistant Mycobacterium tuberculosis strain will be very difficult to cure by standard treatment. To evaluatethe drug resistance of Mycobacterium tuberculosis. A Cross sectional study was performed from January until July 2005. Samples wereobtained from sputum of the suspect tuberculosis. All samples were cultured in Lowenstein-Jensen Media and followed by sensitivity testaccording to resistance ratio method. Of 236 samples, there were 30% positive cultures. The percentage of mono-resistance to Isoniazidwas 70%, to Rifampicin 64.3%, to Ethambutol 62.8% and Streptomycin 64.3%. The percentage of Multi Drug Resistant Tuberculosis(MDR-TB) was 20–40% and the percentage of poly-resistant (Ethambutol and Streptomycin) was 47.1%. The percentage of suspecttuberculosis with positive culture was 30%. There were also found high percentage of mono-resistant, poly-resistant and MDR-TB.
33
R.I., Bayramov. "The Features Of Drug Resistance In Patients With Lung Tuberculosis." Journal of Life Sciences and Biomedicine 71, no. 1 (2016): 121–24. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7422232.
Full textAbstract:
The current increase in the frequency of drug resistant tuberculosis indicates that this problem is still urgent. The drug resistance structure in patients with lung tuberculosis with the most frequent and the highest epidemiological risk among clinical forms of tuberculosis has been studied. The results showed that multi-drug resistant forms occurred more frequently among new TB patients as well as among previously treated patients with drug resistant lung tuberculosis. Timely identification of patients with drug resistant lung tuberculosis, in particular, MDR, for the conducting proper and comprehensive treatment is a very important step towards the prevention of the stress of epidemiological situation.
34
Shuaibu Abdullahi Hudu. "An overview of the pattern of first- and second-line anti-tuberculosis drug resistance gene mutations." International Journal of Frontline Research in Multidisciplinary Studies 1, no. 1 (2022): 035–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.56355/ijfrms.2022.1.1.0031.
Full textAbstract:
Tuberculosis is still the most prevalent infectious cause of mortality, and it has a significant medical, societal, and economic impact MDR-TB is a type of tuberculosis (TB) infection produced by bacteria resistant to at least two of the most important first-line anti-TB treatments, isoniazid, and rifampin. Extensively drug-resistant tuberculosis (XDR-TB) is a type of tuberculosis that is resistant to second-line treatments. MDR-TB is a type of tuberculosis (TB) infection produced by bacteria resistant to at least two of the most important first-line anti-TB treatments, isoniazid, and rifampin. Extensively drug-resistant tuberculosis (XDR-TB) is a type of tuberculosis that is resistant to second-line treatments. Because resistant cases have significant morbidity and mortality, multidrug-resistant tuberculosis poses a significant threat to treatment. The most effective anti-tuberculosis drugs are first-line essential anti-tuberculosis drugs, which must be included in any short-term treatment plan. Rifampicin, ethambutol, Isoniazid, streptomycin, and pyrazinamide are among the medications in this group. Ethionamide, amikacin, capreomycin, and para-aminosalicylic acid are Second-line anti-tuberculosis that are clinically ineffective and cause severe responses far more commonly than first-line drugs. Resistance to first-line drugs was connected to mutations in the pncA, emb, rpsL, and rrs genes, while rrs, gyrA, eis, tlyA and gryB are associated with second-line drugs.
35
Taylor, Jessica M., Rebecca M. Davidson, and Michael Strong. "Drug-resistant Tuberculosis." American Biology Teacher 76, no. 6 (2014): 386–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1525/abt.2014.76.6.6.
Full textAbstract:
Tuberculosis (TB) continues to be a serious global health problem, resulting in &gt;1.4 million deaths each year. Of increasing concern is the evolution of antibiotic-resistant strains of the bacterium that causes TB. Using this real-world scenario, we created a 90-minute activity for high school or undergraduate students to use online bioinformatics tools to detect single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) between a wild-type and a variant Mycobacterium tuberculosis gene that could confer resistance to a commonly used TB antibiotic, rifampin. Students write a scientific explanation, providing evidence and reasoning, to support their claim of antibiotic resistance or susceptibility. The entire lesson can be found online at http://www.stronglab.org/taylor.
36
Gautam, Praveen B., Ashwini Mishra, and Santosh Kumar. "Prevalence of rifampicin resistant mycobacterium tuberculosis and associated factors among presumptive tuberculosis patients in eastern Uttar Pradesh: a cross sectional study." International Journal Of Community Medicine And Public Health 5, no. 6 (2018): 2271. http://dx.doi.org/10.18203/2394-6040.ijcmph20182039.
Full textAbstract:
Background: Drug resistant tuberculosis threatens global TB control and is a major public health problem in several countries and India has the highest tuberculosis in the world. The rifampicin resistance is a good predictor of multidrug resistant tuberculosis. The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of rifampicin resistance M. tuberculosis and associated factor among presumptive tuberculosis patients in eastern Uttar Pradesh.Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted from October 2016 to September 2017. Detection of M. tuberculosis and resistance to rifampicin was performed using Gene Xpert MTB/RIF assay. Data was collected using pre-structured questionnaire by face to face interview. The chi-square test was used to assess the statistical significance of each ratio, p<0.05 was considered significant.Results: Out of 510 patients, Mycobacterium tuberculosis was detected in 168 (32.9%). Out of these 168 patients, the prevalence of rifampicin resistance tuberculosis was 44 (26.1%). It was higher among male 38 (30.6%) than female 6 (13.6%). Regarding age distribution, maximum numbers of rifampicin resistance patients were in the age group of 20-40 years 36.7%. The prevalence of rifampicin resistance was 36 (27.6%) and 8 (21.0%) in pulmonary and extra-pulmonary respectively. Out of 44 rifampicin resistant cases, 39 (37.8%) were previously treated and 5 (7.6%) cases were treatment naïve patients. In this study, among presumptive DRTB cases, new 2 (11.7%), relapse 13 (39.3%), failure 23 (46.0%), loss to follow-up 1 (10.0%) and MDR contact 1 (20.0%) respectively were rifampicin resistant and one HIV seropositive patient was found to be rifampicin resistant.Conclusions: Previously treated cases were significantly associated with rifampicin resistance tuberculosis. The Gene Xpert is a good equipment for rapid detection and management of drug resistant tuberculosis for both pulmonary as well as extra-pulmonary tuberculosis.
37
Giri, Vishal Prakash, Om Prakash Giri, Pooja Tripathi Pandey, et al. "The Characteristics and Patterns of Drug-Resistant Pulmonary Tuberculosis in Eastern India." Tropical Medicine and Infectious Disease 7, no. 9 (2022): 244. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/tropicalmed7090244.
Full textAbstract:
Background: Drug-resistant tuberculosis is a major public health problem throughout the world and accounts for substantial morbidity and mortality rates in India, too. Early diagnosis is the corner stone of tuberculosis treatment. State-level and cluster-wise variations in drug resistance is a possibility and should be regularly checked in from time to time. Materials and Methods: The present prospective cohort study (January 2019 to May 2022) was conducted in Darbhanga Medical College and Hospital on drug-resistant pulmonary tuberculosis patients. Sputum specimens were collected from designated centers. Rapid molecular drug-resistance testing (genotypic tests) and growth-based drug-susceptibility testing (DST) (phenotypic tests) were performed in the National Tuberculosis Elimination Program certified Laboratory. Results: A total of 268 patients with drug-resistant pulmonary tuberculosis were included in the study group. The treatment outcomes revealed as cured in 100 (37.31%); treatment completed in 43 (16.04%); died in 56 (20.89%); treatment failed in 22 (8.21%); loss of follow up in 34 (12.69%); and transferred out in 13 (4.85%) drug-resistant pulmonary tuberculosis patients. Adverse events were recorded in 199 (74.25%) of the drug-resistant pulmonary tuberculosis patients. Conclusions: Drug-resistant pulmonary tuberculosis patients are a matter of concern and need to be addressed.
38
Zhang, Danfeng, James E. Gomez, Jung-Yien Chien, et al. "Genomic Analysis of the Evolution of Fluoroquinolone Resistance in Mycobacterium tuberculosis Prior to Tuberculosis Diagnosis." Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy 60, no. 11 (2016): 6600–6608. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/aac.00664-16.
Full textAbstract:
ABSTRACTFluoroquinolones (FQs) are effective second-line drugs for treating antibiotic-resistant tuberculosis (TB) and are being considered for use as first-line agents. Because FQs are used to treat a range of infections, in a setting of undiagnosed TB, there is potential to select for drug-resistantMycobacterium tuberculosismutants during FQ-based treatment of other infections, including pneumonia. Here we present a detailed characterization of ofloxacin-resistantM. tuberculosissamples isolated directly from patients in Taiwan, which demonstrates that selection for FQ resistance can occur within patients who have not received FQs for the treatment of TB. Several of these samples showed no mutations ingyrAorgyrBbased on PCR-based molecular assays, but genome-wide next-generation sequencing (NGS) revealed minority populations ofgyrAand/orgyrBmutants. In other samples with PCR-detectablegyrAmutations, NGS revealed subpopulations containing alternative resistance-associated genotypes. Isolation of individual clones from these apparently heterogeneous samples confirmed the presence of the minority drug-resistant variants suggested by the NGS data. Further NGS of these purified clones established evolutionary links between FQ-sensitive and -resistant clones derived from the same patient, suggestingde novoemergence of FQ-resistant TB. Importantly, most of these samples were isolated from patients without a history of FQ treatment for TB. Thus, selective pressure applied by FQ monotherapy in the setting of undiagnosed TB infection appears to be able to drive the full or partial emergence of FQ-resistantM. tuberculosis, which has the potential to confound diagnostic tests for antibiotic susceptibility and limit the effectiveness of FQs in TB treatment.
39
Paul, Rajput, Singh, and Bera. "A Case Series Study to Assess the Clinical and Socio Demographic Aspects of MDR TB Clients Admitted in Selected Hospitals of Indore." International Journal of Research Publication and Reviews 3, no. 12 (2022): 1656–57. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7472019.
Full textAbstract:
The World Health Organization (WHO) defines multidrug-resistant tuberculosis (MDR-TB) as resistance to isoniazid and rifampicin, with or without resistance to other anti-tuberculosis drugs. MDR-TB is a subtype of multidrug-resistant tuberculosis (MDR-TB). It is becoming a significant concern for human health on a global basis, and it presents a threat to the efforts being made to control tuberculosis. According to the most recent statistics on the monitoring of anti-TB drug resistance, it is estimated that 4.3% of newly diagnosed cases and 18% of previously treated cases of tuberculosis across the globe have rifampicin- or multidrug-resistant tuberculosis. This percentage applies to cases that have been diagnosed with tuberculosis for the first time (MDR- or RR-TB). According to estimates, there were around 700,000 newly diagnosed cases of MDR/RR-TB reported throughout the globe in 2018. In India, it is anticipated that each year there will be 1.4 lakh newly diagnosed cases of MDR-TB, with 80,000 of those cases being MDR-TB. In the United States, the number of newly diagnosed cases of MDR-TB is estimated to reach 90,000.In light of the fact that the chest X-ray (CXR) symptoms of pulmonary tuberculosis are dependent on a variety of characteristics, such as age and immunological status, identifying the influence of HIV on the CXR appearances of MDR-TB may be of some help. Multidrug-resistant tuberculosis (also known as MDR-TB) is a condition that is becoming an increasingly significant problem as a result of inadequate treatment of drug-sensitive as well as drug-resistant tuberculosis. Both multidrug-resistant tuberculosis and regular tuberculosis may be cured; however, treatment can be prohibitively expensive, take a very long time, and require treatments that might be potentially hazardous. There have only been a few studies done that look at the clinical and demographic features of MDR-TB. Investigating the socio demographic aspects of multidrug-resistant pulmonary tuberculosis is the goal of this study.
40
Ullah, Bashir, Rukhsana Saboor, Muhammad Zahid Iqbal, Atiq Ahmad Bhatti, Abad Ur Rehman, and Muhammad Akram. "Frequency of Pre-Extensively Drug Resistant Tuberculosis and Extensively Drug Resistant Tuberculosis." Pakistan Journal of Medical and Health Sciences 15, no. 5 (2021): 959–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.53350/pjmhs21155959.
Full textAbstract:
Aim: To determine the frequency of pre-extensively drug resistant tuberculosis, extensively drug resistant tuberculosis in patients with multi-drug resistant tuberculosis. Study design: Retrospective/observational Place and duration of study: Department of Medicine, Bolan Medical College Quetta from 1st July 2019 to 31st December 2020. Methodology: One hundred and eighty patients of both genders presented with multi drug resistant tuberculosis were enrolled in this study. Patient’s detailed information including age between 20-70 years, sex, body mass index were recorded. Sputum samples were taken from all the patients and then drug sensitivity testing (DST) for 1st and 2ndline drugs. Frequency of pre-XDR TB and XDR tuberculosis were recorded. Results: There were 100 (55.56%) males and 80 (44.44%) patients were females and mean age was 37.38±10.75 years. Mean body mass index was 24.18±2.41 kg/m2. Among all the multi-drug resistant tuberculosis patients, pre extensively drug resistant tuberculosis was found in 62(34.44%) patients and extensively drug resistant tuberculosis was found in 8(4.44%) patients. All 62(100%) patients of pre-XDR tuberculosis were resistant to fluoroquinolone while among XDR tuberculosis patients 4 were resisted to amikacin, 2 were resisted to kanamycin and fluoroquinolone, 1 patient was resisted to amikacin and kanamycin. Conclusion: Frequency of pre-extensively tuberculosis among multi drug resistant tuberculosis was high while only 4% patients had extensively drug resistant tuberculosis. Keywords: Tuberculosis, Multi-drug resistant, Pre-extensively drug resistant, Extensively drug resistant
41
Mohiuddin, Md, and J. Ashraful Haq. "First Line Anti-Tubercular Drug Resistance Pattern of Mycobacterium Tuberculosis Isolated From Specialized Hospitals of Dhaka City." Ibrahim Medical College Journal 8, no. 2 (2016): 41–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/imcj.v8i2.26677.
Full textAbstract:
The present study was undertaken to determine the drug resistance pattern of M. tuberculosis isolated from 225 pulmonary and 45 extrapulmonary tuberculosis cases. The samples were cultured on Lowenstein Jensen (L-J) media for isolation of M. tuberculosis. Drug resistance to first line anti tubercular drugsnamely isoniazid (INH), rifampicin (RIF), Ethambutol (ETH) and streptomycin (SM) were determined by indirect proportion method. The overall drug resistance of M. tuberculosis was 53.6% to any of the first line anti tubercular drugs. Rate of multi drug resistant tuberculosis (MDR-TB) among the untreated cases was 4.2%, while it was 36.0% in previously treated cases. It was found that 83.3% rifampicin resistant M. tuberculosis was cross resistant to one or more of other first line anti-tubercular drugs, while cross resistance of INH, ETH and SM resistant isolates was much low. The present study revealed that high level of drug resistance exists to individual anti tubercular drugs and MDR-TB is an emerging problem, particularly in treated cases. Rifampicin resistance could be used as a surrogate marker for drug resistance to other first line anti tubercular drugs.Ibrahim Med. Coll. J. 2014; 8(2): 41-46
42
Li, Maoying, Bin Deng, Yuhong Huang, et al. "Trends and risk factors for drug-resistant tuberculosis among children in Sichuan, China: A 10-year retrospective analysis, 2013–2022." Medicine 103, no. 15 (2024): e37643. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/md.0000000000037643.
Full textAbstract:
To investigate the status of the drug-resistant tuberculosis (DR-TB) among children in Sichuan, and to find out the risk factors and high-risk population related to drug resistance among children. The clinical data of tuberculosis patients ≤14 years old with culture-confirmed tuberculosis hospitalized in Chengdu Public Health Clinical Center from January 2013 through December 2022 were collected. Clinical data such as gender, age, ethnicity, history of anti-TB treatment, history of exposure to tuberculosis, nutritional status, and specific drug resistance of the children were collected and recorded. The drug resistance of children in different age groups (0–4 years old, 5–9 years old, 10–14 years old) and different periods (2013–2017 and 2018–2022) were grouped and compared. Logistic regression analysis was to analyze analysis of risk factors of drug resistance in children. A total of 438 children with culture-confirmed tuberculosis were screened. Among them, 26.19% (11/42) were 0 to 4 years old, 33.33% (22/66) were 5 to 9 years old, and 36.67% (121/330) were 10 to 14 years old among the resistant children. There was no statistically significant difference in the resistance rate among the 3 groups (P = .385). The proportions of DR-TB, monoresistant tuberculosis, polydrug-resistant tuberculosis were decreased during 2019 to 2022 compared with 2013 to 2017 (P < .0001). The resistance rates of drug resistant, monoresistant, polydrug-resistant, isoniazid-resistant, and rifampicin resistant during 2018 to 2022 were decreased compared with those from 2013 to 2017 (P < .05), but the multi-drug resistance rate was not decreased (P = .131, without statistical difference). The results of logistic regression analysis showed that male gender OR = 1.566 (95% CI 1.035–2.369), a history of antituberculosis therapy OR = 4.049 (95% CI 1.442–11.367), and pulmonary and extrapulmonary tuberculosis OR = 7.335 (95% CI 1.401–38.392) were risk factors for the development of drug resistance; but fever OR = 0.581 (95% CI 0.355–0.950) was Protective factor. The total drug resistance rate of children in Sichuan showed a downward trend, but the rate of multi-drug-resistant tuberculosis was still at a high level, and the form of drug resistance was still severe. Absence of fever, male, retreatment, and pulmonary concurrent with extrapulmonary tuberculosis are risk factors for DR-TB in children.
43
Dooley, Samuel W. "Multidrug-resistant Tuberculosis." Annals of Internal Medicine 117, no. 3 (1992): 257. http://dx.doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-117-3-257.
Full text
44
Alam, Md Jahangir. "Drug Resistant Tuberculosis." Dhaka Shishu (Children) Hospital Journal 35, no. 1 (2021): 1–4. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/dshj.v35i1.51700.
Full text
45
Telenti, Amalio, and Michael Iseman. "Drug-Resistant Tuberculosis." Drugs 59, no. 2 (2000): 171–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.2165/00003495-200059020-00002.
Full text
46
Iseman, Michael D., and Lorie A. Maasen. "Drug-resistant Tuberculosis." Clinics in Chest Medicine 10, no. 3 (1989): 341–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0272-5231(21)00637-7.
Full text
47
Albanna, Amr S., and Dick Menzies. "Drug-Resistant Tuberculosis." Drugs 71, no. 7 (2011): 815–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.2165/11585440-000000000-00000.
Full text
48
Hong, Young Pyo. "Multidrug-resistant Tuberculosis." Journal of the Korean Medical Association 41, no. 5 (1998): 529. http://dx.doi.org/10.5124/jkma.1998.41.5.529.
Full text
49
Yim, Jae-Joon. "Multidrug-resistant Tuberculosis." Journal of the Korean Medical Association 49, no. 9 (2006): 790. http://dx.doi.org/10.5124/jkma.2006.49.9.790.
Full text
50
Iseman, Michael D. "Drug-resistant tuberculosis." Postgraduate Medicine 86, no. 2 (1989): 109–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00325481.1989.11704357.
Full text