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Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Resolution of mathematical problems'

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Published: 4 September 2021
Last updated: 1 February 2022

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1

Valverde, Salamanca Abel. "Use of mathematical methods in the resolution of chemical engineering problems." Doctoral thesis, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/669993.

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This thesis consists of a compendium of five works that illustrate the utilization of selected mathematical methods to solve specific chemical engineering problems. Hence, the thesis is intended to cover both, a review of fundamental mathematical procedures for the solution of models raised from chemical phenomena, and a demonstration of their effectiveness to obtain useful novel significant results. The opening paper explores diverse global optimization algorithms to adjust both kinetic constants and the binary interaction parameters (BIPs) for the Peng-Robinson equation of state to the experimental data. Those parameters are essential to determine the model raised from the supercritical transesterification of triolein with methanol to produce biodiesel, with CO2 as cosolvent, consisting of three reversible reaction in series. Here, a novel model merging the ordinary differential equations system raised from kinetic mechanism and the time-dependent thermodynamic state of the complex mixture is presented for diverse operating conditions. Among all results obtained, novel binary interaction coefficients for the intermediate reaction species (dioleins and monooleins) highlight. The second and fourth papers included in this thesis are aimed at the study of lanolin extraction from raw wool, using 5% ethanol in CO2. The former explores solid lanolin extraction under near-critical conditions by means of a mass-transfer model based on the shrinking-core concept, while the latter is addressed at the liquid lanolin supercritical extraction. Both models result in a partial differential equations (PDEs) system determined by the solubility of multiphasic lanolin, Henry-type partition coefficient and the lanolin mass transfer coefficient. Hence, in each paper the raised PDEs system is solved through a different method: in the second paper orthogonal collocation method is employed, while in the fourth paper finite differences method is used combined with the numerical integration of an expression previously obtained by means of the Laplace transform. Finally, an optimization procedure is used in order to fit the extraction parameters to the experimental data, achieving coherent results that agree well with those previously reported. Between the cases exposed, liquid lanolin extraction is significantly complex to model because of the diffusion phenomena that may occur inside the two lanolin fraction mixture added to the diffusion of solvent in the interphase. Therefore, in the third work a nonlinear autoregressive exogenous neural network model is designed to predict the outcoming extracted fraction of lanolin at diverse temperatures, pressures, solvent mass flow rates, wool packing densities and times. The problem with the scarce data available for training of the neural network is overcome by augmenting experimental data using an empirical Weibull function, which correctly predicts the lanolin breakthrough at the extractor exit. This hybrid Weibull - Neural Network algorithm results in a low prediction error and conform a powerful tool for optimizing operating conditions, proved by the fast convergence of genetic algorithm procedure. This thesis closes with Molecular Dynamics simulations for peptide-folding studies, followed by a Principal Component Analysis (PCA) and clustering analysis to understand the Free Energy Landscape of the peptide (FEL). Those methods are aimed at assessing the conformational profile of bombesin, a peptide with interest in drug design as a possible novel agonist and/or antagonist in the fight against cancer. Results suggest that the peptide adopts mainly helical structures at the C-terminus and, to a lesser extent, hairpin turn structures at the N-terminus. Those results agree with those available from NMR in a 2,2,2-trifluoroethanol/water (30% v/v), and point out a suitable a-helix conformation for binding where Trp8 and His12 interaction has a significant role.<br>Aquesta tesi consta d'un compendi de cinc treballs que il·lustren la utilització de mètodes matemàtics per resoldre problemes específics d'enginyeria química. Per tant, la tesi està destinada a ser una revisió dels procediments matemàtics fonamentals per a la solució de models derivats de fenòmens químics i, a més, una demostració de la seva efectivitat per obtenir resultats útils i innovadors. L'article que obre la tesi explora diferents algoritmes d'optimització global per ajustar tant les constants cinètiques com el Paràmetres d'Interacció Binària (PIB) per a l'equació d'estat de Peng Robinsos a les dades experimentals. Aquests paràmetres són essencials per determinar el model derivat de la transesterificació supercrítica de la trioleïna amb metanol per produir biodièsel, amb CO2 com a cosolvent, que consisteix en tres reaccions reversibles en sèrie. Aquí, es presenta un nou model que fusiona el sistema d'EDOs derivat del mecanisme cinètic i l'estat termodinàmic de la barreja per a condicions de funcionament diverses. Entre tots els resultats obtinguts, destaquen els nous PIBs trobats per a les espècies de reacció intermèdies. El segon i quart treball inclosos en aquesta tesi estan destinats a l'estudi de l'extracció de lanolina de llana crua amb 5% d'etanol en CO2. El primer explora l'extracció de lanolina sòlida en condicions gairebé crítiques mitjançant un model de transferència de massa basat en el concepte del nucli minvant, mentre que el segon s'adreça al cas de l'extracció supercrítica de lanolina líquida. Ambdós models donen com a resultat un sistema d'EDPs determinat per la solubilitat de la lanolina multifàsica, el coeficient de partició de Henry i el coeficient de transferències de massa. Per tant, a cada article el sistema d'EDPs obtingut es resol mitjançant un mètode diferent: en el article s'utilitza un mètode de col·laboració ortogonal, mentre que en el quart s'utilitza el mètode de diferències finites combinat amb la integració numèrica d'una expressió obtinguda mitjançant la Transformada de Laplace. Finalment, es porta a terme una optimització per ajustar els paràmetres d'extracció a les dades experimentals, aconseguint resultats coherents que coincideixen amb els reportats anteriorment. Entre els casos expotsats, l'extracció de lanolina líquida és significativament complexa de modelar a causa dels fenòmens de difusió que es poden produir a l'interior de les dues fraccions de lanolina a més de la difusió del dissolvent en la interfase. Per tant, en el tercer treball es dissenya un model de xarxa neuronal exògena no lineal autoregressiva per predir la fracció extreta de lanlina a diverses temperatures, pressions, cabals de dissolvent, densitats d'empaquetament i temps. El problema derivat de l'escassetat de dades disponibles per a l'entrenament de la xarxa neuronal es supera amb l'augment d'aquestes mitjançant una funció de Weibull empírica, que prediu correctament l'avanç de la lanolina a la sortida de l'extractor. Aquest algoritme híbrid Weibull - xarxa neuronal resulta en un baix error de predicció i conforma una potent eina per optimitzar les condicions operatives, demostrada per la ràpida convergència de l'algoritme genètic utilitzat. Aquesta tesi tanca amb simulacions de Dinàmica Molecular per a l'estudi del plegament de pèptids seguint d'un Anàlisi de Components Principals (ACP) i del "clustering" per a l'anàlisi del Paisatge d'Energia Lliure (PEL). L'objectiu és avaluar el perfil conformacional de la bombesina, un pèptid amb interès en el disseny de fàrmacs com a possible nou agonista i/o antagonista en la lluita contra el càncer. Els resultats suggereixen que el pèptid adopta estructures helicoïdals principalment al extrem C, i també en menor mesura estructures de forquilla al extrem N. Aquests resultats coincideixen amb els disponibles de RMN en 2,2-trifluoroetanol/aigua (30% v/v) i indiquen una conformació d’hèlix a adequada per a la unió on la interacció Trp8 i His12 té un paper important.
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2

Schulze, Bert-Wolfgang, Vladimir Nazaikinskii, Boris Sternin, and Victor Shatalov. "Spectral boundary value problems and elliptic equations on singular manifolds." Universität Potsdam, 1997. http://opus.kobv.de/ubp/volltexte/2008/2514/.

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For elliptic operators on manifolds with boundary, we define spectral boundary value problems, which generalize the Atiyah-Patodi-Singer problem to the case of nonhomogeneous boundary conditions, operators of arbitrary order, and nonself-adjoint conormal symbols. The Fredholm property is proved and equivalence with certain elliptic equations on manifolds with conical singularities is established.
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3

Dias, Felipe de Assis. "Increasing image resolution for wire-mesh sensor based on statistical reconstruction." Universidade Tecnológica Federal do Paraná, 2017. http://repositorio.utfpr.edu.br/jspui/handle/1/2880.

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CNPq; FUNTEF-PR<br>Sensores wire-mesh (WMS) são capazes de gerar imagens da seção transversal de escoamentos multifásicos e tem sido amplamente utilizados para investigar fenômenos de escoamentos em plantas piloto. Tais dispositivos são capazes de medir parâmetros de escoamento tais como distribuição da fração de fase (por exemplo fração de gás ou líquido) e visualizar escoamentos multifásicos com alta resolução temporal e espacial. Sendo portanto, uma ferramenta importante para investigações de escoamentos mais detalhadas. No entanto, seu princípio de medição é baseado em eletrodos intrusivos posicionados dentro do tubo onde o escoamento flui. A resolução da imagem gerada pelo sensor é dada pelo número de cruzamentos entre os fios transmissores e receptores. Em muitos processos, no entanto, efeitos de intrusividade de tal sensor pode ser uma limitação no seu uso. Por isso, um número reduzido de fios poderia permitir uma expansão do campo de aplicações do sensor wire-mesh. Por essa razão, o presente trabalho sugere um método de reconstrução de imagem para aumentar a resolução dos dados de um sensor wire-mesh com um número de eletrodos menor que o ótimo. Desta forma, os efeitos de intrusividade no processo investigado poderiam ser reduzidos. O método de reconstrução é baseado em uma abordagem estatística de regularização e é conhecido como Maximum a Posteriori (MAP). Dados de escoamento de um WMS 16x16 são usados para determinar um modelo gaussiano multivariável do escoamento, o qual são empregados como regularização na reconstrução. Uma matriz de sensitividade é estimada pelo método de elementos finitos (FEM) para incorporar o algoritmo MAP. Dados experimentais são usados para validar o método proposto, sendo comparado com interpolação do tipo spline. Resultados experimentais mostram que a reconstrução por MAP possui um desempenho melhor do que interpolação do tipo spline, alcançando desvios de fração de vazio dentro de uma faixa de ± 10% na grande maioria dos pontos de operação. A validação foi executada em um loop de escoamento horizontal água/gás em regime intermitente (golfada).<br>Wire-mesh sensors (WMS) are able to generate cross-sectional images of multiphase flow and have been widely used to investigate flow phenomena in pilot plant studies. Such devices are able to measure flow parameters such as phase fraction (e.g. gas/liquid fraction) distribution and visualize multiphase flows with high temporal and spatial resolution. Hence, being important tool for detailed flow investigation. However, its sensing principle is based on intrusive electrodes placed inside the pipe where a multiphase flow streams. The image resolution generated by the sensor is given by the number of crossing points formed by the transmitter and receptor wires. In many processes, however, the intrusive effect of such sensor might be a limitation on its use. Therefore, a reduced number of wires could possibly increase the application field of wire-mesh sensors. For this reason, the present work presents an image reconstruction method to increase resolution of WMS data with less than optimal number of electrode wires. In this way, a reduction of intrusive effects on the process under investigation may be achieved. The reconstruction method is based on statistical view of regularization and is known as Maximum a Posterior (MAP). 16x16 WMS flow data are used to determine a Multivariate Gaussian flow model, which in turn is used as regularization in the reconstruction. A sensitive matrix is estimated by finite element method (FEM) to incorporate MAP algorithm. Experimental data are used to validate the proposed method, which is compared with spline interpolation. Experimental results show that the MAP reconstruction performs better than interpolation and achieves deviation in gas void fraction estimation in the range of ±10% in the vast majority of operating points. The tests were performed in a horizontal water-gas flow loop operating at intermittent (slug) flow regime.
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4

Santos, Miguel de Brito. "Educação matemática com educandos privados de liberdade: Um trabalho com a metodologia resolução e exploração de problemas." Universidade Estadual da Paraíba, 2016. http://tede.bc.uepb.edu.br/jspui/handle/tede/2798.

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Submitted by Jean Medeiros (jeanletras@uepb.edu.br) on 2017-07-24T15:53:57Z No. of bitstreams: 1 PDF - Miguel de Brito Santos.pdf: 49498054 bytes, checksum: aa7c2ce79c7a94ec909105d19262356a (MD5)<br>Approved for entry into archive by Secta BC (secta.csu.bc@uepb.edu.br) on 2017-08-10T14:52:52Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 PDF - Miguel de Brito Santos.pdf: 49498054 bytes, checksum: aa7c2ce79c7a94ec909105d19262356a (MD5)<br>Made available in DSpace on 2017-08-10T14:52:52Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 PDF - Miguel de Brito Santos.pdf: 49498054 bytes, checksum: aa7c2ce79c7a94ec909105d19262356a (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-05-25<br>The research presented in the pages ahead is a narrative in five chapters that begins with the experiences of the author, portrayed in two moments in chapter two, up to students without freedom, in chapter four, and to work with them with the methodology of resolution-exploration problems. The decision for young and adult prisoners came up with the approach of readings of mathematics education area as the experiments with the Public Defender Union in Campina Grande, in chapter three. In qualitative researches with narrative, past and present, as a source of future prospects, become starting points. This way, we could have the starting points of the chapters four and five, with the prospect of viewing the focus of the research (problem of exploration) and formulate narrative units, respectively. From the units, a base of the research objective appears, which is to realize the resolution-exploration methodology problem in the class of students depraved from freedom. Chapter five formulates a total of seven narrative units of eleven classes in the prison area; the units redirected the research in a way back. Thus, the experiences recounted in the classroom have been referred to earlier chapters, a process that allows a new look, of course, with new discoveries. We highlight, among these, one of the areas of prison education "education for all throughout life whatever their life is," and the term of resolution to this problem in different areas, and apparently far from mathematics education, including the diversity of term problem in the very area from which it emerges. Conclusions, results and contributions of the work with the resolution-exploration problem, purpose of the research, are noticeable in the syntheses of each narrative unit. Besides that, the resolution- exploration problem shows up as a fundamental connection between the social historical context, of the classroom, and to the narrated scenic.<br>A pesquisa apresentada nas páginas adiante é uma narrativa em cinco capítulos que se inicia com experiências vividas pelo autor, retratadas em dois momentos no capítulo dois, e chega aos educandos privados de liberdade, no capítulo quatro, para com eles trabalhar a metodologia de resolução-exploração de problemas. A decisão por jovens e adultos presos surgiu com a aproximação de leituras da área de educação matemática às experiências com Defensoria Pública da União em Campina Grande, no capítulo três. Em pesquisas qualitativas com narrativas, passado e presente, enquanto fonte de perspectivas futuras, tornam-se pontos de partidas. Assim, iniciou-se uma partida de ida aos capítulos quatro e cinco, com a perspectiva de visualizar o fulcro da pesquisa (exploração de problema) e formular unidades narrativas, respectivamente. Das unidades surge a base ao objetivo da pesquisa, que é perceber a metodologia resolução-exploração de problema em sala de aula de educandos privados de liberdade. No capitulo cinco se forma um total de sete unidades narrativas de onze aulas no domínio prisional; com as unidades redireciona-se a pesquisa em um caminho de volta. Assim, as experiências narradas em sala de aula foram remetidas aos capítulos anteriores, processo que permite um novo olhar, naturalmente, com novas descobertas. Destacam-se dentre estas, uma das áreas de educação prisional ―educação para todos ao longo da vida qualquer que seja essa vida‖, e o termo resolução de problema presente em diferentes áreas, aparentemente distante da educação matemática, incluindo-se a diversidade do termo Problema na própria área da qual emerge. Conclusões, resultados e contribuições do trabalho com a resolução-exploração de problema, propósito da pesquisa, são perceptíveis em sínteses de cada unidade narrativa. Além disso, a resolução-exploração de problema evidencia-se como fundamental à ligação entre o contexto sócio-histórico, à sala de aula, e ao panorâmico narrado.
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5

Miron, Tatiele Fátima. "METODOLOGIA DE RESOLUÇÃO DE PROBLEMAS: ESINO E APRENDIZAGEM DE CONCEITOS DE MATEMÁTICA FINANCEIRA NO EJA." Universidade Franciscana, 2013. http://tede.universidadefranciscana.edu.br:8080/handle/UFN-BDTD/137.

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Made available in DSpace on 2018-06-27T19:13:22Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 3 Tatiele Fatima Miron.pdf: 1780067 bytes, checksum: c81b3aeb4a6c2b4a6902c52ac7b503ff (MD5) Tatiele Fatima Miron.pdf.txt: 129263 bytes, checksum: 85b6d024c33fde614fe7d2ed4b7b299a (MD5) Tatiele Fatima Miron.pdf.jpg: 3361 bytes, checksum: 6ab2a81f30a67eb9ed390516ab0511d0 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2013-07-12<br>Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior<br>This dissertation has as its theme the teaching and learning of Mathematical Finance through the resolution of problems in the education of young people and adults (EJA). Its objective is to investigate the contributions of the use of the methodology of Problem Solving in the teaching-learning process in the construction of the concepts of financial mathematics with students of this modality of education. This research has had a character of conducting qualitative, and for this it was used as an instrument of data collection the participant observation recorded by means of a field diary where were reported all the events that took place in class, as well as documents produced in the resolutions of the problems, applied to twenty students of the second stage of the EJA of a private college, located in the town of Ijuí, in addition to the completion of tasks in computer lab on the subject. The problems were prepared from issues of daily life of students, involving the content of financial mathematics. It was possible to diagnose that students had problems of interpretation of listed the problems; relating to the withdrawal of the data and as relate them. Through this research it can be concluded that the application of the method of resolution of problems was valid, a time that allowed the students to the achievement of a collective work and collaborative, in addition to developing, ourselves, greater autonomy in the construction of their own knowledge. The researcher also provided the diagnosis of gaps in relation to learning through education based on direct application of formulas to the detriment of the contextualization of content.<br>Esta dissertação tem como tema o ensino e aprendizagem da Matemática Financeira por meio da Resolução de problemas na Educação de Jovens e Adultos (EJA). Seu objetivo é investigar as contribuições da utilização da Metodologia de Resolução de Problemas no processo de ensino-aprendizagem a na construção dos conceitos da Matemática Financeira com alunos desta modalidade de ensino. Esta pesquisa teve um caráter de realização qualitativo, e para tal foi utilizado como instrumento de coleta de dados a observação participante registrada por meio de um diário de campo onde foram relatados todos os acontecimentos ocorridos em classe, bem como documentos produzidos nas resoluções dos problemas, aplicados a vinte alunos da segunda etapa da EJA de um colégio privado, localizado na cidade de Ijuí, alem da realização de tarefas no laboratório de informática sobre o assunto. Os problemas foram elaborados a partir de questões do cotidiano dos alunos, que envolvem o conteúdo de Matemática Financeira. Foi possível diagnosticar que os alunos tinham problemas de interpretação de enunciados dos problemas; relativos a retirada dos dados e de como relacioná-los. Através desta pesquisa pode-se concluir que a aplicação do método de Resolução de problemas foi válida, uma vez que possibilitou aos alunos a realização de um trabalho coletivo e colaborativo, além de desenvolver, nos mesmos, uma maior autonomia na construção de seu próprio conhecimento. Também proporcionou a pesquisadora o diagnóstico de lacunas existentes em relação a aprendizados por meio do ensino baseado na aplicação direta de fórmulas em detrimento da contextualização dos conteúdos.
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6

Miragem, Fernando Flores. "Vozes de professores acerca do ensino de matemática : ênfase em funções nas provas do ENEM." reponame:Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da UFRGS, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10183/79636.

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Nesta dissertação coloca-se em destaque o ensino de Funções na preparação para o Exame Nacional do Ensino Médio (ENEM), através da investigação de novas perspectivas para o tratamento do assunto, tendo por base referenciais teóricos das áreas da Matemática e da Educação e saberes produzidos por professores de matemática em seu exercício da docência. Busca-se com este trabalho estabelecer um canal de ligação e de problematização entre professores acerca do ENEM e do ensino de matemática, em especial do ensino de Função. Para tal, se faz um mergulho histórico evolutivo sobre tal conceito, com o apoio de autores como Boyer, Cajori e Eves. Também são analisadas algumas questões do ENEM no que diz respeito ao conceito matemático de Função e às heurísticas possíveis de serem desenvolvidas durante a resolução dessas questões/problemas. Nessa etapa, contase fundamentalmente com a contribuição de Caraça e Polya. E, no sentido de ampliar os referenciais teóricos para uma análise qualitativa do tema, o autor descreve muitas de suas experiências como docente e ainda, apoiado na metodologia da História Oral, utiliza os registros obtidos de entrevistas realizadas com três professores de matemática em exercício, devidamente documentadas através de filmagens e transcrições. Assim, as vozes de professores relativas às suas experiências pedagógicas, desde a sua formação acadêmica até o momento atual e, principalmente, seu posicionamento frente às funções e ao ENEM, vieram a complementar o campo de análise e, inclusive, a expandir as alternativas de investigação. Dos resultados da pesquisa, destaca-se que o assunto Função tem surgido, como um aliado, nas práticas educativas, uma vez que a variabilidade, a relação de dependência, as regularidades estão de tal forma presentes na vida dos alunos que acabam servindo como fonte motivacional à aprendizagem de uma teoria que trata de tais aspectos e, sem dúvida, tudo isso favorece a formulação de problemas, a proposição de experimentos e a utilização da multidisciplinaridade na sala de aula.<br>On this piece of work it is presented, in a highlighted way, the teaching of Functions for High School National Exam (ENEM), through the investigation of new prospects in dealing with this issue, having theoretical references of Mathematics as well as Education as the bases, along with the knowledge carried by Mathematics teachers when on duty. This work pursues to establish a linking channel among teachers regarding ENEM and the teaching of Math, specially the teaching of Functions. For that, a historical evolutionary diving about such a concept is made, supported by authors as Boyer, Cajori and Eves. It is also analysed some ENEM tests about the Mathematical concept of Functions and the possibly heuristics to be developed during the resolution of those tests / problems. At this point, mainly the contribution of Caraça and Polya is counted. And, for broadening the theoretical references for a qualitative analysis of the theme, the author describes many of his own experiences as a teacher. Besides, supported by the methodology of Oral History, he uses the footages of three math teachers interviewed on duty. So, the teachers’ pedagogical experiences, from their beginning up to now and, mainly, their points of view regarding Functions and ENEM, complemented the analysis and expanded the alternatives of investigation. Out of the research results, it is highlighted that the topic Functions have come up, in educational practices, as an ally, since the variability, the relation of dependence, the regularities are presented in the life of students in such ways that they motivate apprenticeship. Without doubt, all these points benefit the formulation of problems, the proposal of experiments and the use of multidisciplinary in classroom.
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Mendes, Marco Miguel da Silva. "Estratégias de resolução de problemas: construção de conhecimento matemático por alunos de currículos alternativos." Master's thesis, Universidade de Évora, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/10174/16190.

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Este trabalho procurou analisar/compreender se o aluno, que frequenta uma turma onde se desenvolve um currículo alternativo de Matemática, poderia, com base numa prática letiva assente na resolução de problemas, criar e/ou utilizar estratégias de resolução que levassem à construção de conhecimento matemático e à sua efetiva utilização. Procurou, igualmente, compreender em que medida essa prática, poderia constituir um fator influente na melhoria da aprendizagem e também no sentido de influenciar a sua relação coma Matemática. As questões orientadoras do estudo foram as seguintes: a) As estratégias de resolução criadas e/ou utilizadas pelos alunos para resolverem problemas evidenciam alguma prática regular? b) As diferentes estratégias de resolução utilizadas pelos alunos na resolução de problemas permitem a construção de conhecimento matemático? c) Em que medida a prática letiva com base na resolução de problemas pode ser fator influente na melhoria da aprendizagem matemática de alunos que frequentam uma turma onde se desenvolve um currículo alternativo? d) De que modo essa prática pode influenciar a relação com a Matemática de alunos inseridos numa turma onde se desenvolve um currículo alternativo? Metodologicamente, o estudo" seguiu uma abordagem de investigação qualitativa e interpretativa, assente em dois estudos de caso qualitativo e analítico. O investigador assume os papéis de investigador-instrumento e observador-participante. Foram recolhidos dados através de entrevistas, observação direta do trabalho dos alunos e documentos escritos das resoluções dos problemas elaborados pelos alunos. “ A análise de dados permite concluir que os alunos evoluíram no que se refere à sua capacidade de resolução de problemas, observando-se uma maior facilidade na compreensão e utilização de estratégias de resolução de problemas. A autonomia e persistência dos alunos na realização deste tipo de tarefas matemáticas foram algo notório ao longo do estudo, melhorando significativamente a relação com a Matemática. Estas conclusões reforçam a ideia da importância em assumir a resolução de problemas, como uma linha de força que, “atravessando” todo o currículo, oriente a definição de objetivos, de metodologias e de conteúdos significativos. /ABSTRACT - This work tried to analise/understand whether a student, attending a class with an alternative Mathematics' curriculum, could, in a problem-solving teaching environment, create and/or use strategies that Would converge in the building of Math comprehension and its use. It seeks to understand in what way this strategy influences not only as learning’ improvement but also the students' attitude towards this subject. The study’s guiding questions were: a) Are the resolution strategies, used by the students, evidence of a standard practice? b) Do the different problem-solving strategies, .used by the students, allow the building of Mathematics' comprehension? c) In what way can a problem-solving teaching environment influence these students in -the development of Math learning skills? d) In what way can this teaching influence their attitude towards Math? Methodologically, this study has followed a qualitative and interpretative investigation approach, based on two qualitative and analytical case studies. The investigator undertook both the role of investigator-instrument and observer-participant. The information was collected through interviews, direct observation and the gathering of Students’ Works. According to the data analyzed, the students acquired new problem-solving abilities, gaining a new sense of comprehension and being able to use problem-solving strategies. It was evident throughout the study that these students became more involved with Mathematics, solving its problems with a new independent and persistent attitude. These finding-s reinforce the notion of assuming problem-solving as a guiding line .throughout Math’s curriculum, helping defining goals, methods and significant contents.
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Amim, Júnior Jair Elias. "Tomada de decisões e o aprendizado de matemática financeira: uma experiência com aplicativos para smartphone." Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2018. http://repositorio.bc.ufg.br/tede/handle/tede/9013.

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Submitted by Onia Arantes Albuquerque (onia.ufg@gmail.com) on 2018-10-30T12:22:27Z No. of bitstreams: 2 Dissertação - Jair Elias Amim Júnior - 2018.pdf: 5510530 bytes, checksum: 7fcf54ff9710ae2bbf014c158ab7152a (MD5) license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5)<br>Rejected by Luciana Ferreira (lucgeral@gmail.com), reason: O subtítulo em inglês deve começar em minúsculo. A citação está com problema : Dissertação (Mestrado em Matemática em Rede Nacional - Sociedade Brasileira de Matemática) ERRADO (Mestrado em Matemática em Rede Nacional) CERTO on 2018-10-30T13:39:00Z (GMT)<br>Submitted by Onia Arantes Albuquerque (onia.ufg@gmail.com) on 2018-10-30T13:51:12Z No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) Dissertação - Jair Elias Amim Júnior - 2018.pdf: 5510530 bytes, checksum: 7fcf54ff9710ae2bbf014c158ab7152a (MD5)<br>Approved for entry into archive by Luciana Ferreira (lucgeral@gmail.com) on 2018-10-30T15:16:29Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) Dissertação - Jair Elias Amim Júnior - 2018.pdf: 5510530 bytes, checksum: 7fcf54ff9710ae2bbf014c158ab7152a (MD5)<br>Made available in DSpace on 2018-10-30T15:16:29Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) Dissertação - Jair Elias Amim Júnior - 2018.pdf: 5510530 bytes, checksum: 7fcf54ff9710ae2bbf014c158ab7152a (MD5) Previous issue date: 2018-10-05<br>The present work was a technical report that introduced the course and the results of the investigate work accomplished in the Professional Mathematics Master’s Program in National Network (Profmat). I proposed a method of teaching Financial Mathematics focused in the use of financial applications for smartphone, having as main objective to verify the students' development in relation to the made decisions in situations that are offered to them the possibility to choose the applications to assist in the resolution of problems. As main benchmark was used the heuristics of problem solving proposed by George Polya (1995), the use of smartphones and Applications as Pedagogic tools, according to Voltolini (2016) and Soares (2016): the creating of a virtual learning environmoent, according to Shitsuka (2012), and the critic mathematics education associated with resolution of problem, according to Skovsmose (2000). From the application of the method it resulted an electronic textbook of studies as education product, whose title is "Financial Mathematical with Use of Applications for Smartphone." Aimed for teachers of the Basic Education, the electronic textbook has theoretical summaries and links for the resolutions of the exercises in videos posted on YouTube. A qualitative research was carried out in four meetings, and the instruments of data collection were questionnaires, record sheets and videos captured by the participating students themselves. This allowed to observe the capacity of the students' autonomy in the choice of the applications. The critical glance that they developed when analyzing interest rates and options of payments, serves with foundation for the construction of a financial education to be used in daily routine.<br>O presente trabalho tratou de um Relatório Técnico que apresentou o percurso e os resultados do trabalho investigativo realizado no Programa de Mestrado Profissional em Matemática em Rede Nacional (Profmat). Propus um método de ensino de Matemática Financeira focado no uso de aplicativos financeiros para smartphone, tendo como objetivo principal verificar o desenvolvimento dos alunos em relação à tomada de decisões em situações nas quais lhes são oferecidas a possibilidade de escolha de aplicativos para auxiliar na resolução de problemas. Os principais referenciais foram a heurística de resolução de problemas proposta por George Polya (1995); o uso de smartphones e aplicativos como ferramentas pedagógicas, segundo Voltolini (2016) e Soares (2016); a criação de um ambiente virtual de aprendizagem, segundo Shitsuka (2012) e a educação matemática crítica associada à resolução de problemas, segundo Skovsmose (2000). Da aplicação do método resultou uma apostila eletrônica como Produto Educacional, cujo título é “Matemática Financeira com uso de aplicativos para Smartphone. Destinada a professores do Ensino Básico, a apostila conta com resumos teóricos e links para as resoluções dos exercícios em vídeos postados no meu canal no YouTube. Foi realizada uma pesquisa qualitativa em quatro encontros, sendo que os instrumentos de coletas de dados foram questionários, folhas de registros e vídeos capturados pelos próprios alunos participantes. Isto permitiu observar a capacidade de autonomia dos alunos na escolha dos aplicativos e o desenvolvimento do olhar crítico ao analisar taxas de juros e opções de pagamentos, servindo como alicerce para a construção de uma educação financeira a ser usada no dia a dia.
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Melo, Jorge Nazareno Batista. "Uma proposta de ensino e aprendizagem de programação linear no Ensino Médio." reponame:Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da UFRGS, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10183/61731.

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O presente trabalho tem como principal objetivo apresentar uma proposta de estudo do assunto Programação Linear no currículo do Ensino Médio na disciplina de matemática. Faremos uma revisão acerca de alguns temas relevantes sobre a Programação Linear, bem como sobre a Resolução de Problemas em Matemática, a qual consistirá na metodologia usada nessa atividade. Será apresentada uma aplicação prática dessa proposta, através de uma sequência didática, que foi aplicada num grupo de alunos do Ensino Médio, numa escola da rede de Ensino Público Federal da cidade de Porto Alegre, no ano de 2011. A Programação Linear por apresentar caráter aplicativo e contextualizado pode ser perfeitamente trabalhada no Ensino Médio do currículo da disciplina de matemática, pois tornará os discentes mais participativos e motivados a estudar e discutir essa disciplina. Seguindo a metodologia da resolução de problemas, apresentaremos algumas atividades que poderão servir de sugestões para possíveis aplicações em outros contextos e situações. Vale destacar que a resolução de problemas em matemática pode aproximar o aluno dessa disciplina, criando um ambiente muito favorável para o pleno desenvolvimento das suas capacidades cognitivas, aliando conhecimento, autonomia, criatividade, bem como aplicando, contextualizando e relacionando a matemática com o mundo que nos cerca.<br>The present work has as its main objective to present a proposal of study of the subject Linear Programming on the curriculum of High Schools in the discipline of Mathematics. We will do a review on some relevant themes about Linear Programming, as well as the resolution of Math problems, which will consist in the methodology used in this activity. A practical application of this proposal will be presented through a didactic sequence, which was applied in a group of High School students from a federal public school in the city of Porto Alegre, in 2011. Because of its applicative and contextualized character, the Linear Programming is perfectly adequate to be presented and worked in High Schools in the discipline of Math, for it will make students more participative and motivated to study and discuss this subject. Following the methodology of resolution of problems, we will present some activities that may serve as suggestions to possible applications in other contexts and situations. It’s important to point out that the resolution of Math problems may approach students to this discipline, creating a very favorable environment to the full development of their cognitive capacities, allying knowledge, autonomy, creativity, as well as applying, contextualizing and relating Mathematics to the world around us.
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Moura, Graziella Ribeiro Soares. "Crianças com dificuldades em resolução de problemas matemáticos : avaliação de um programa de intervenção." Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2007. https://repositorio.ufscar.br/handle/ufscar/2833.

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Made available in DSpace on 2016-06-02T19:44:01Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 TeseGRSM.pdf: 4427126 bytes, checksum: 24de1763ffa95aca870f571e61dd695e (MD5) Previous issue date: 2007-05-22<br>The comprehension of written texts continues being one of the most difficult academic practices for students of Basic Education. If comprehending a written material in linguistic terms brings out difficulties for some students, a text written in mathematical language can be even more difficult, because besides the mother language understanding, mathematical concepts are also needed. A lot of research has been done to try to find better ways to help children understand what was asked in mathematical problem-questions. However, there is a lot to be done to understand the difficulties and processes of problem resolution and about basic conceptual comprehension present in mathematical problems instructions. In this sense, the purpose of the present study was to elaborate, apply and evaluate an intervention program performed with children in the fourth year of Elementary School who showed difficulties comprehending and solving mathematical problems, and maximize their cognitive capacity. The methodology chosen was the experimental delineation of comparison between groups, an experimental and a control group. The study consisted of a pretest, an intervention program, a post-test and a delayed post-test. The pretest evaluated the children s performance in resolving arithmetical problems. Next, the teaching program was used with students who showed performance under 40% right in problems. This aimed to develop, in the students, enough knowledge to increase their resolution capacity of mathematical problems. That program sought to teach students to read mathematical problems instructions and find the most appropriate mathematical representation to solve the question. For this, it was necessary to teach the arithmetical operations concepts, since one of the children s difficulties was connected with understanding the meaning of each operation (addition, subtraction, multiplication and division) and its symbolic representation. The post-test and delayed posttest results for the experimental group were superior to the pretest results for the experimental and control groups, indicating an improvement in performance for the students who took part in the program. Those data showed that the intervention utilized was efficient, increasing the cognitive capacity necessary to the task of resolving arithmetical problems, which basically consists of comprehending written instructions and representing them mathematically.<br>A compreensão de textos escritos mantém-se, atualmente, como uma das práticas acadêmicas mais difíceis para estudantes da Educação Básica. Se compreender um material escrito em termos linguísticos traz dificuldades para alguns alunos, um texto escrito em linguagem matemática pode ser mais difícil, porque, além do entendimento da língua materna, faz-se necessário ter conceitos matemáticos para compreendê-lo. Muitas pesquisas tentaram encontrar formas melhores para ajudar as crianças a entender o que era solicitado em situações-problema de matemática, entretanto, ainda há muito que fazer para se entender os processos e dificuldades envolvidos na resolução de problemas pelos escolares e para se levá-los a compreender os conceitos básicos contidos nos enunciados matemáticos. Nesse sentido, o presente estudo teve como objetivos elaborar, aplicar e avaliar um programa de intervenção com crianças de 4ª série do Ensino Fundamental que apresentavam dificuldades na compreensão e resolução de problemas matemáticos e maximizar as capacidades cognitivas destas crianças. A metodologia escolhida foi o delineamento experimental de comparação entre grupos, um grupo experimental e um grupo controle. O estudo consistiu de um pré-teste, um programa de intervenção, um pós-teste e um pós-teste postergado. O pré-teste avaliou o desempenho das crianças na tarefa de resolução de problemas aritméticos. Em seguida, foi aplicado o programa de ensino nos estudantes que apresentaram um desempenho inferior a 40% de acertos nos problemas propostos. O objetivo foi desenvolver nos alunos o repertório necessário para aumentar a capacidade de resolução de problemas matemáticos. Este programa procurou ensinar os estudantes a lerem os enunciados dos problemas e encontrarem a representação matemática mais apropriada para resolver a questão. Para tanto, foi necessário ensinar os conceitos das operações aritméticas, visto que uma das dificuldades das crianças estava no campo do entendimento do significado de cada operação (adição, subtração, multiplicação e divisão) e sua representação simbólica. Os resultados dos pós-teste e pós-teste postergado do grupo experimental foram superiores aos resultados dos pré-teste do grupo experimental e do grupo controle, indicando melhora no desempenho dos estudantes que participaram do programa. Demonstrou-se, com estes dados, que a intervenção utilizada foi eficiente, desenvolvendo as capacidades cognitivas necessárias à tarefa de resolução de problemas aritméticos, que consiste basicamente, em compreender o enunciado escrito e representá-lo matematicamente.
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Ribeiro, Vanessa Vânia Silva Marinho. "Revisitando o Teorema de Pitágoras." Universidade Federal de Viçosa, 2013. http://locus.ufv.br/handle/123456789/5882.

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Made available in DSpace on 2015-03-26T14:00:04Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 texto completo.pdf: 3212056 bytes, checksum: 62f0b7432d4f49ef25c24f61a158a66d (MD5) Previous issue date: 2013-03-18<br>Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior<br>This dissertation is devoted to studying the Pythagorean Theorem about various aspects. We begin by tracing a historical about this theorem, and then we present several demonstrations from him, as well as applications and workshops for your teaching. The continuation we present a proposal of activities motivational and creative in the use of this theorem in order to help teachers and arouse interest in students. We finalized this work by presenting an innovative Theorem Primer that should directing the use of labor by mathematics teachers in the classroom.<br>Esta dissertação é dedicada ao estudo do Teorema de Pitágoras sob vários aspectos. Começamos traçando um histórico deste teorema, e então apresentamos várias demonstrações dele, assim como aplicações e oficinas para o ensino do mesmo. A continuação apresentamos uma proposta de atividades motivacionais e criativas para a utilização deste teorema, a fim de ajudar os professores e despertar o interesse nos estudantes. Concluímos este trabalho com a apresentação de uma inovadora Cartilha do Teorema, a Cartilha Pitagórica, que deverá orientar a utilização do trabalho por professores de Matemática em sala de aula.
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Abreu, Ana Paula Magalhães de. "Resolução de Problemas: Ensinar e Aprender as Quatro Operações com Números Inteiros no 7º ano do Ensino Fundamental." Centro Universitário Franciscano, 2010. http://www.tede.universidadefranciscana.edu.br:8080/handle/UFN-BDTD/458.

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Submitted by MARCIA ROVADOSCHI (marciar@unifra.br) on 2018-08-13T20:31:29Z No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) Dissertacao_AnaPaulaMagalhaesDeAbreu.pdf: 4441540 bytes, checksum: 73597ad59fef01abba8102fb6433fdd7 (MD5)<br>Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-13T20:31:29Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) Dissertacao_AnaPaulaMagalhaesDeAbreu.pdf: 4441540 bytes, checksum: 73597ad59fef01abba8102fb6433fdd7 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2010-01-21<br>The present research had as its to investigate the contributions of the methodology of Problems Resolution and the use of concrete material in the teaching and learning process of the four mathematical operations with whole numbers, with students of the seventh year of elementary school. The objectives were: to analyze how the pupils solved problems related to the four operations; the manner how they used the concrete material in the resolution of problems; to identify how the students related the situation-problem in the classroom to their daily life and, finally, to verify if the work in group facilitated the Resolution of the Problems, which involved the four mathematical operations with whole numbers. The methodological approach used was the qualitative type, being used in the steps of resolution of problems (Polya, 1978). The information collected was based on a class diary and on the recording of pupils in the material hand out in each class. The individuals were the pupils in the seventh year of elementary school from Aracy Barreto Sachis. Analyzing the collected data, from observations of the teacher and student achievements, it was possible to infer that the teaching of the four mathematical operations gained a new insight for the students when they used the concrete material following the Resolutions of Problems methodology. It can be concluded that the application of the didactic sequence, with the help of the concrete material and the work in pairs, favored the students’ learning, process because it produced an interactive atmosphere for discussion and argument the possible to overcome the difficulties arisen in the understanding of the concepts of mathematical operations with whole numbers.<br>A presente pesquisa teve como propósito investigar as contribuições da metodologia de Resolução de Problemas e do uso do material concreto para o processo de ensino e aprendizagem das quatro operações matemáticas com os números inteiros, com estudantes do sétimo ano do Ensino Fundamental. Os objetivos foram: analisar como os alunos resolveram problemas relativos às quatro operações; conhecer o modo como eles usaram o material concreto para a resolução de problemas; identificar como os estudantes relacionaram as situações-problema da sala de aula com o seu cotidiano e, por último, verificar se o trabalho em grupo facilitou a Resolução de Problemas, envolvendo as quatro operações matemáticas com números inteiros. A abordagem metodológica utilizada foi de cunho qualitativo, sendo utilizado os passos da Resolução de Problemas (Polya, 1978). As informações coletadas foram baseadas no diário de aula e no registro dos alunos no material entregue em cada aula. Os sujeitos foram os alunos do sétimo ano do Ensino Fundamental da Escola Municipal Aracy Barreto Sachis. Analisando os dados obtidos, a partir das observações da professora e das realizações dos alunos, foi possível inferir que o ensino das quatro operações matemáticas ganhou um novo significado para os alunos ao utilizar o material concreto seguindo a metodologia de Resolução de Problemas. Pode-se concluir que a aplicação da seqüência didática, com o auxílio do material concreto e do trabalho em duplas, favoreceu a aprendizagem dos alunos, pois gerou um ambiente interativo de discussão e argumentação que possibilitou superar as dificuldades apresentadas na compreensão dos conceitos das operações matemáticas com os números inteiros.
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Gon?alves, Paulo Gon?alo Farias. "A etnomatem?tica dos trabalhadores das cer?micas de Russas-Ce e o contexto escolar: delineando recomenda??es pedag?gicas a partir de uma experi?ncia educacional." Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte, 2013. http://repositorio.ufrn.br:8080/jspui/handle/123456789/16108.

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Made available in DSpace on 2014-12-17T15:05:03Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 PauloGFG_DISSERT.pdf: 1837404 bytes, checksum: 19812711d911e7553726f109f602c45f (MD5) Previous issue date: 2013-11-22<br>It is still common among contemporary educational proposals an overemphasis abstraction, to the formalism and symbolism of mathematical knowledge at the expense of the sociocultural aspects of Mathematics. Coming up by questioning some academic mathematical tenets and valuing knowledge developed in different sociocultural contexts within Mathematical Education, the Ethnomatematics is consolidating itself as a research field. Despite its contributions to the educational context, because its philosophical character and the paucity of debates about the subject, the implementation of educational proposals for basic education are scarce. Given this situation, this dissertation comes up with a view to develop an educational intervention in the light of Ethnomathematics in a class of 6th grade of an elementary school from a red ceramic industries workers community, located in a countryside from Russas-CE and from this intervention, to develop a set of pedagogical recommendations aiming basic education teachers. Adopting a perspective of qualitative research, particularly guided by action research, this study used observation, field diary, interviews and activities with students as tools for data collection. It was found that the use of field research as part of teaching and learning favored the placement of students as critical subjects of their own reality . Furthermore, the educational experience culminated in the development of a method of teaching based on a relationship between protocooperational Ethnomatematics and the Resolution of Problems. It is necessary to broaden the debate about the ways in which the Ethnomatematics can contribute to the school context, bringing proposals closer to the reality of basic education teachers in order to help the promotion of an education which values cultural diversity without taking away the students from the access of the academic knowledge<br>Ainda ? comum entre as propostas educacionais contempor?neas uma ?nfase excessiva a abstra??o, ao formalismo e ao simbolismo do conhecimento matem?tico, em detrimento dos aspectos socioculturais da Matem?tica. Surgindo por questionar alguns dogmas da matem?tica acad?mica e por valorizar e reconhecer conhecimentos desenvolvidos em diversos contextos socioculturais no ?mbito da Educa??o Matem?tica, a Etnomatem?tica vem se consolidando como um campo de pesquisa. Apesar de suas contribui??es para o contexto escolar, devido seu car?ter mais filos?fico e pela incipi?ncia de debates sobre o tema, a implementa??o de propostas educacionais para o ensino b?sico s?o escassas. Diante deste quadro, a presente disserta??o surge com intuito de desenvolver uma interven??o educacional ? luz da Etnomatem?tica em uma turma de 6? ano do ensino fundamental proveniente de uma comunidade de trabalhadores de ind?strias de cer?mica vermelha, localizada na zona rural do munic?pio de Russas-CE e a partir desta interven??o, elaborar um conjunto de recomenda??es pedag?gicas voltado para professores da educa??o b?sica. Adotando uma perspectiva de investiga??o qualitativa, e em particular pautada na pesquisa-a??o, o presente estudo utilizou-se da observa??o, di?rio de campo, entrevista e atividades desenvolvidas com os alunos como instrumentos para coleta de dados. Verificou-se que a utiliza??o da pesquisa de campo como parte do processo de ensino e aprendizagem favoreceu na coloca??o dos estudantes como sujeitos cr?ticos de sua pr?pria realidade. Al?m disso, a experi?ncia educacional culminou na elabora??o de um m?todo de ensino pautado numa rela??o protocooperativa entre a Etnomatem?tica e a Resolu??o de Problemas. Torna-se necess?rio ampliar o debate acerca das formas pelas quais a Etnomatem?tica possa contribuir para o contexto escolar, trazendo propostas mais pr?ximas ? realidade dos professores da educa??o b?sica, de modo a auxiliar na promo??o de uma educa??o que valorize a diversidade cultural sem amputar os estudantes do acesso ao conhecimento acad?mico
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Barros, Cláudio Pousa Moraes. "Análise de atitudes de alunos na educação de jovens e adultos em situação de resolução de problemas." Pontifícia Universidade Católica de São Paulo, 2008. https://tede2.pucsp.br/handle/handle/11362.

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Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-27T16:58:50Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 CLAUDIO POUSA MORAES BARROS.pdf: 2561452 bytes, checksum: a376460767645f9ab4bfe18e84f30888 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2008-12-09<br>Secretaria da Educação do Estado de São Paulo<br>The term Problems Resolution has been on focus at Mathematic Education and the students of Education for Young and Adult Students have been facing difficulties on problematic situations. The objective of this work was to evaluate the student s ability on solving problems with First degree function, analyzing their attitudes and methods and aiming to answer the following questions: are the first year high school students, of Education for Young and Adults, able to answer a sequence of ordinary problems evolving First degree function? Which are the methods adopted by these students to solve them? The chosen ordinary problems are found in a preparatory book to National Exam of Certification of Young and Adults Competencies. This research is based on the Notes of Semiotic Representation. It s also based on the Mathematic educational proposal for Education for Young and Adult Students, first and second level of fundamental school, and on the Mathematic matrix of national exam of Competency Certification of young and adults in high school. After this research it s possible to notice the student s difficulties on solving the problems and the lack of basic knowledge which should be acquired during the fundamental school<br>O objetivo deste trabalho é o de pesquisar o desempenho de alunos na Resolução de Problemas envolvendo Função do 1º Grau, estudando suas atitudes e procedimentos e visando a responder às seguintes questões: os alunos do primeiro ano do Ensino Médio da Educação de Jovens e Adultos resolvem uma seqüência de problemas referenciados na vida cotidiana que envolve Função Polinomial do 1º Grau? Quais são os procedimentos adotados por esses alunos na resolução de problemas? Os problemas do cotidiano que foram escolhidos são citados em um livro preparatório ao Exame Nacional de Certificação de Competências de Jovens e Adultos (ENCCEJA). A pesquisa apoiou-se na noção de Registros de Representação Semiótica e, também, baseou-se na Proposta Curricular de Matemática para a Educação de Jovens e Adultos para os primeiro e segundo segmentos do Ensino Fundamental e na Matriz de Matemática para o Exame Nacional para Certificação de Competências de Jovens e Adultos do Ensino Médio. Nesta pesquisa, pôde-se evidenciar a dificuldade dos alunos na Resolução dos Problemas e a falta de conhecimentos básicos que deveriam ser adquiridos no Ensino Fundamental
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Brown, Adam. "Infeasibility of solving finite mathematical problems." Thesis, McGill University, 2010. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=86989.

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We prove that the decision problem for finite mathematical state- ments, though recursive, is infeasible in seemingly any realistic model of computation. In particular, we construct of a set of finite mathematical statements which can only be feasibly solved by programs long enough to explicitly encode a decision for each statement. This result was published in Hungarian, in 1973, by Michael Makkai and appears here for the first time in English. In this paper we: 1) elucidate Makkai's proof as an adaptation of Gödel's first incompleteness proof, 2) strengthen his 1973 result and 3) reflect on this result from the perspectives of computational complexity and algorithmic information theory (Kolmogorov complexity).<br>Nous avons démontré que le problème quand à prendre des décisions concernant des énoncés mathématiques finis, bien que récursif, est infaisable accordé à n'importe quel modèle de calcul. Plus précisément, nous avons établi un ensemble de problèmes mathématiques ne pouvant être résolus que par des programmes assez long qui suggéreraient la décision finale implicitement, au fil des calculs. Ce fait a d'abord été publié en 1973 par un Hongrois du nom de Michael Makkai, et il sera expliqué en anglais pour la toute première fois ici. Dans ce travail, nous 1) éluciderons la démonstration faite par Makkai basé sur l'adaptation de la première démonstration du théorème incomplétude de Gödel, 2) appuierons les résultats trouvés en 1973 par Makkai et 3) tirerons des conclusions sur ses résultats en utilisant la théorie de la complexité et la théorie algorithmique de l'information, aussi appelée complexité de Kolmogorov.
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Oliwa, Chris. "Some mathematical problems in inhomogeneous cosmology." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 2001. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk3/ftp05/NQ63697.pdf.

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Woo, Jung Min. "Two mathematical problems in disordered systems." Diss., The University of Arizona, 2000. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/289124.

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Two mathematical problems in disordered systems are studied: geodesics in first-passage percolation and conductivity of random resistor networks. In first-passage percolation, we consider a translation-invariant ergodic family {t(b): b bond of Z²} of nonnegative random variables, where t(b) represent bond passage times. Geodesics are paths in Z², infinite in both directions, each of whose finite segments is time-minimizing. We prove part of the conjecture that geodesics do not exist in any fixed half-plane and that they have to intersect all straight lines with rational slopes. In random resistor networks, we consider an independent and identically distributed family {C(b): b bond of a hierarchical lattice H} of nonnegative random variables, where C(b) represent bond conductivities. A hierarchical lattice H is a sequence {H(n): n = 0, 1, 2} of lattices generated in an iterative manner. We prove a central limit theorem for a sequence x(n) of effective conductivities, each of which is defined on lattices H(n), when a system is in a percolating regime. At a critical point, it is expected to have non-Gaussian behavior.
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Louie, Ken. "Mathematical problems in inviscid hypersonic flow." Thesis, University of Oxford, 1991. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.291297.

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Rodosthenous, Neofytos. "Optimal stopping problems in mathematical finance." Thesis, London School of Economics and Political Science (University of London), 2013. http://etheses.lse.ac.uk/706/.

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This thesis is concerned with the pricing of American-type contingent claims. First, the explicit solutions to the perpetual American compound option pricing problems in the Black-Merton-Scholes model for financial markets are presented. Compound options are financial contracts which give their holders the right (but not the obligation) to buy or sell some other options at certain times in the future by the strike prices given. The method of proof is based on the reduction of the initial two-step optimal stopping problems for the underlying geometric Brownian motion to appropriate sequences of ordinary one-step problems. The latter are solved through their associated one-sided free-boundary problems and the subsequent martingale verification for ordinary differential operators. The closed form solution to the perpetual American chooser option pricing problem is also obtained, by means of the analysis of the equivalent two-sided free-boundary problem. Second, an extension of the Black-Merton-Scholes model with piecewise-constant dividend and volatility rates is considered. The optimal stopping problems related to the pricing of the perpetual American standard put and call options are solved in closed form. The method of proof is based on the reduction of the initial optimal stopping problems to the associated free-boundary problems and the subsequent martingale verification using a local time-space formula. As a result, the explicit algorithms determining the constant hitting thresholds for the underlying asset price process, which provide the optimal exercise boundaries for the options, are presented. Third, the optimal stopping games associated with perpetual convertible bonds in an extension of the Black-Merton-Scholes model with random dividends under different information flows are studied. In this type of contracts, the writers have a right to withdraw the bonds before the holders can exercise them, by converting the bonds into assets. The value functions and the stopping boundaries' expressions are derived in closed-form in the case of observable dividend rate policy, which is modelled by a continuous-time Markov chain. The analysis of the associated parabolic-type free-boundary problem, in the case of unobservable dividend rate policy, is also presented and the optimal exercise times are proved to be the first times at which the asset price process hits boundaries depending on the running state of the filtering dividend rate estimate. Moreover, the explicit estimates for the value function and the optimal exercise boundaries, in the case in which the dividend rate is observable by the writers but unobservable by the holders of the bonds, are presented. Finally, the optimal stopping problems related to the pricing of perpetual American options in an extension of the Black-Merton-Scholes model, in which the dividend and volatility rates of the underlying risky asset depend on the running values of its maximum and its maximum drawdown, are studied. The latter process represents the difference between the running maximum and the current asset value. The optimal stopping times for exercising are shown to be the first times, at which the price of the underlying asset exits some regions restricted by certain boundaries depending on the running values of the associated maximum and maximum drawdown processes. The closed-form solutions to the equivalent free-boundary problems for the value functions are obtained with smooth fit at the optimal stopping boundaries and normal reflection at the edges of the state space of the resulting three-dimensional Markov process. The optimal exercise boundaries of the perpetual American call, put and strangle options are obtained as solutions of arithmetic equations and first-order nonlinear ordinary differential equations.
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Klimmek, Martin. "On inverse problems in mathematical finance." Thesis, University of Warwick, 2012. http://wrap.warwick.ac.uk/55821/.

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We consider two inverse problems motivated by questions in mathematical finance. In the first two chapters (Part 1) we recover processes consistent with given perpetual American option prices. In the third and fourth chapters (Part 2) we construct model-independent bounds for prices of contracts based on the realized variance of an asset price process. The two parts are linked by the question of how to recover information about asset price dynamics from option prices: in part one we assume knowledge of perpetual American option prices while in the second part we will assume knowledge of European call and put option prices. Mathematically, the first part of the thesis presents a framework for constructing generalised diffusions consistent with optimal stopping values. The second part aims at constructing bounds for path-dependent functionals of martingales given their terminal distribution.
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Zatarain-Vera, Oscar. "Two Mathematical Problems Involving Rademacher Variables." Kent State University / OhioLINK, 2021. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=kent162705641219602.

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Chang, Tyler Hunter. "Mathematical Software for Multiobjective Optimization Problems." Diss., Virginia Tech, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/98915.

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In this thesis, two distinct problems in data-driven computational science are considered. The main problem of interest is the multiobjective optimization problem, where the tradeoff surface (called the Pareto front) between multiple conflicting objectives must be approximated in order to identify designs that balance real-world tradeoffs. In order to solve multiobjective optimization problems that are derived from computationally expensive blackbox functions, such as engineering design optimization problems, several methodologies are combined, including surrogate modeling, trust region methods, and adaptive weighting. The result is a numerical software package that finds approximately Pareto optimal solutions that are evenly distributed across the Pareto front, using minimal cost function evaluations. The second problem of interest is the closely related problem of multivariate interpolation, where an unknown response surface representing an underlying phenomenon is approximated by finding a function that exactly matches available data. To solve the interpolation problem, a novel algorithm is proposed for computing only a sparse subset of the elements in the Delaunay triangulation, as needed to compute the Delaunay interpolant. For high-dimensional data, this reduces the time and space complexity of Delaunay interpolation from exponential time to polynomial time in practice. For each of the above problems, both serial and parallel implementations are described. Additionally, both solutions are demonstrated on real-world problems in computer system performance modeling.<br>Doctor of Philosophy<br>Science and engineering are full of multiobjective tradeoff problems. For example, a portfolio manager may seek to build a financial portfolio with low risk, high return rates, and minimal transaction fees; an aircraft engineer may seek a design that maximizes lift, minimizes drag force, and minimizes aircraft weight; a chemist may seek a catalyst with low viscosity, low production costs, and high effective yield; or a computational scientist may seek to fit a numerical model that minimizes the fit error while also minimizing a regularization term that leverages domain knowledge. Often, these criteria are conflicting, meaning that improved performance by one criterion must be at the expense of decreased performance in another criterion. The solution to a multiobjective optimization problem allows decision makers to balance the inherent tradeoff between conflicting objectives. A related problem is the multivariate interpolation problem, where the goal is to predict the outcome of an event based on a database of past observations, while exactly matching all observations in that database. Multivariate interpolation problems are equally as prevalent and impactful as multiobjective optimization problems. For example, a pharmaceutical company may seek a prediction for the costs and effects of a proposed drug; an aerospace engineer may seek a prediction for the lift and drag of a new aircraft design; or a search engine may seek a prediction for the classification of an unlabeled image. Delaunay interpolation offers a unique solution to this problem, backed by decades of rigorous theory and analytical error bounds, but does not scale to high-dimensional "big data" problems. In this thesis, novel algorithms and software are proposed for solving both of these extremely difficult problems.
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Violin, Alessia. "Mathematical programming approaches to pricing problems." Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/209173.

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There are many real cases where a company needs to determine the price of its products so as to maximise its revenue or profit.<p>To do so, the company must consider customers' reactions to these prices, as they may refuse to buy a given product or service if its price is too high. This is commonly known in literature as a pricing problem.<p>This class of problems, which is typically bilevel, was first studied in the 1990s and is NP-hard, although polynomial algorithms do exist for some particular cases. Many questions are still open on this subject.<p><p>The aim of this thesis is to investigate mathematical properties of pricing problems, in order to find structural properties, formulations and solution methods that are as efficient as possible. In particular, we focus our attention on pricing problems over a network. In this framework, an authority owns a subset of arcs and imposes tolls on them, in an attempt to maximise his/her revenue, while users travel on the network, seeking for their minimum cost path.<p><p>First, we provide a detailed review of the state of the art on bilevel pricing problems. <p>Then, we consider a particular case where the authority is using an unit toll scheme on his/her subset of arcs, imposing either the same toll on all of them, or a toll proportional to a given parameter particular to each arc (for instance a per kilometre toll). We show that if tolls are all equal then the complexity of the problem is polynomial, whereas in case of proportional tolls it is pseudo-polynomial.<p>We then address a robust approach taking into account uncertainty on parameters. We solve some polynomial cases of the pricing problem where uncertainty is considered using an interval representation.<p><p>Finally, we focus on another particular case where toll arcs are connected such that they constitute a path, as occurs on highways. We develop a Dantzig-Wolfe reformulation and present a Branch-and-Cut-and-Price algorithm to solve it. Several improvements are proposed, both for the column generation algorithm used to solve the linear relaxation and for the branching part used to find integer solutions. Numerical results are also presented to highlight the efficiency of the proposed strategies. This problem is proved to be APX-hard and a theoretical comparison between our model and another one from the literature is carried out.<br>Doctorat en Sciences<br>info:eu-repo/semantics/nonPublished
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Martinon, Pierre. "Resolution numerique de problemes de controle optimal par une methode homotopique simpliciale." Phd thesis, Institut National Polytechnique de Toulouse - INPT, 2005. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00011416.

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On s'interesse ici a la resolution numerique de problemes de controle optimal peu reguliers. On utilise a la base les methodes dites indirectes, a la fois precises et rapides, mais en pratique tres sensibles a l'initialisation. Cette difficulte nous amene a utiliser une demarche homotopique, dans laquelle on part d'un probleme apparente plus facile a resoudre. Le "suivi de chemin" de l'homotopie connectant les deux problemes est ici realise par un algorithme de type simplicial. On s'interesse en premier lieu a un probleme de transfert orbital avec maximisation de la masse utile, puis a deux problemes d'arcs singuliers. Les perspectives futures liees a ces travaux comprennent en particulier l'etude de problemes a contraintes d'etat, egalement delicats a resoudre par les methodes indirectes. Par ailleurs, on souhaite comparer cette approche avec les methodes directes, qui impliquent la discretisation totale ou partielle du probleme.
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Salvatore, Joy Alicia. "Facing the Problems of Feminism: Working Toward Resolution." Digital Archive @ GSU, 2008. http://digitalarchive.gsu.edu/philosophy_theses/38.

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In this thesis, I demonstrate how the numerous forms of oppression are grounded in a hierarchical and binary thinking that permeates racism and sexism and that is present throughout the feminist movement. It is this biased thinking that creates further divide among diverse social groups resulting in a foundation for justifying oppressive practices. I argue that the human rights framework is the best by which to defeat this problematic thinking, fostering a collectivity among disparate people and establishing a more appropriate footing upon which to face the problems of feminism. In the end, I claim that there must be a global commitment to end oppression that begins with educating people as to the unjustified harm created by biased and binary thinking and to the effectiveness of a human rights approach in eliminating any validation of oppression.
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Salvatore, Joy A. "Facing the problems of feminism working toward resolution /." unrestricted, 2008. http://etd.gsu.edu/theses/available/etd-05142008-093124/.

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Thesis (M.A.)--Georgia State University, 2008.<br>Title from file title page. Andrew Jason Cohen, Christie Hartley, committee co-chairs; Peter Lindsay, committee members. Electronic text (55 p.) : digital, PDF file. Description based on contents viewed June 24, 2008. Includes bibliographical references (p. 54-55).
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Terciyanli, Erman. "Alternative Mathematical Models For Revenue Management Problems." Master's thesis, METU, 2009. http://etd.lib.metu.edu.tr/upload/12610711/index.pdf.

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In this study, the seat inventory control problem is considered for airline networks from the perspective of a risk-averse decision maker. In the revenue management literature, it is generally assumed that the decision makers are risk-neutral. Therefore, the expected revenue is maximized without taking the variability or any other risk factor into account. On the other hand, risk-sensitive approach provides us with more information about the behavior of the revenue. The risk measure we consider in this study is the probability that revenue is less than a predetermined threshold level. In the risk-neutral cases, while the expected revenue is maximized, the probability of revenue being less than such a predetermined level might be high. We propose three mathematical models to incorporate the risk measure under consideration. The optimal allocations obtained by these models are numerically evaluated in simulation studies for example problems. Expected revenue, coefficient of variation, load factor and probability of the poor performance are the performance measures in the simulation studies. According to the results of these simulations, it shown that the proposed models can decrease the variability of the revenue considerably. In other words, the probability of revenue being less than the threshold level is decreased. Moreover, expected revenue can be increased in some scenarios by using the proposed models. The approach considered in this thesis is especially proposed for small scale airlines because risk of obtaining revenue less than the threshold level is more for this type of airlines as compared to large scale airlines.
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Guo, Chaoyang. "Some optimal control problems in mathematical finance." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1999. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk1/tape9/PQDD_0022/NQ39269.pdf.

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Jaksic, Vojkan Simon Barry Simon Barry. "Solutions to some problems in mathematical physics /." Diss., Pasadena, Calif. : California Institute of Technology, 1992. http://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechETD:etd-09122005-162352.

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Viaud, Quentin. "Mathematical programming methods for complex cutting problems." Thesis, Bordeaux, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018BORD0350.

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Cette thèse s’intéresse à un problème de bin-packing en deux dimensions avec des défauts sur les bins rencontré dans l’industrie verrière. Les plans de découpe sont guillotine 4-stage exact, les objets à couper sans défauts.Une possible résolution utilise la décomposition de Dantzig-Wolfe puis une génération de colonnes et un branch-and-price. Cela est impossible dans notre cas du fait d’instances de trop grande taille. Nous résolvons d’abord le problème de pricing sans défauts par un algorithme incrémental de labelling basé sur un programme dynamique (DP), représenté par un problème de flot dans un hypergraphe. Notre méthode est générique pour les problèmes de sac-à-dos guillotine mais ne résout pas de larges instances en un temps de calcul raisonnable. Nous résolvons alors le problème de bin-packing sans défauts grâce à un DP et une heuristique de diving. Le DP génère des colonnes “non propres”,ne pouvant pas participer à une solution entière. Nous adaptons le diving pour ce cas sans perte d’efficacité. Nous l’étendons alors au cas avec défauts. Nous réparons d’abord heuristiquement une solution du problème sans défauts. La fixation des colonnes dans le diving sans-défaut est ensuite modifiée pour gérer les défauts. Les résultats industriels valident nos méthodes<br>This thesis deals with a two-dimensional bin-packing problem with defects on bins from the glass industry. Cutting patterns have to be exact 4-stage guillotine and items defect-free. A standard way to solve it isto use Dantzig-Wolfe reformulation with column generation and branch-and price.This is impossible in our case due to large instance size. We first study and solve the defect-free pricing problem with an incremental labelling algorithm based on a dynamic program (DP), represented as a flow problem in a hypergraph. Our method is generic for guillotine knapsack problems but fails to solve large instance in a short amount of time. Instead we solve the defect freebin-packing problem with a DP and a diving heuristic. This DP generatesnon-proper columns, cutting patterns that cannot be in an integer solution.We adapt standard diving heuristic to this “non-proper” case while keeping itseffectiveness. We then extend the diving heuristic to deal with defects. Ourfirst proposal heuristically repairs a given defect-free solution. Secondly the defect-free diving heuristic is adjusted to handle defects during column fixing.Our industrial results outline the effectiveness of our methods
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Gambella, Claudio <1988&gt. "Mathematical Optimization for Routing and Logistic Problems." Doctoral thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2016. http://amsdottorato.unibo.it/7607/.

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In this thesis, we focus on mathematical optimization models and algorithms for solving routing and logistic problems. The first contribution regards a path and mission planning problem, called Carrier-Vehicle Traveling Salesman Problem (CVTSP), for a system of heterogeneous vehicles. A Mixed-Integer Second Order Conic Programming (MISOCP) model and a Benders-like enumeration algorithm are presented for solving CVTSP. The second work concerns a class of routing problems, referred to as Interceptor Vehicle Routing Problems (IVRPs). They generalize VRPs in the sense that target points are allowed to move from their initial location according to a known motion. We present a novel MISOCP formulation and a Branch-and-Price algorithm based on a Lagrangian Relaxation of the vehicle-assignment constraints. Other two contributions focus on waste flow management problems: the former considers a deterministic setting in which a Mixed-Integer Linear Programming (MILP) formulation is used as a Decision Support System for a real-world waste operator, whereas the latter deals with the uncertainty of the waste generation amounts by means of Two-Stage Multiperiod Stochastic Mixed-Integer Programming formulations. Finally, we give an overview on the optimization challenges arising in electric car-sharing systems, both at strategic and tactical planning level.
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Pinto, Trevor Alvaro Anthony. "Extremal problems on the hypercube." Thesis, Queen Mary, University of London, 2016. http://qmro.qmul.ac.uk/xmlui/handle/123456789/23651.

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The hypercube, Qd, is a natural and much studied combinatorial object, and we discuss various extremal problems related to it. A subgraph of the hypercube is said to be (Qd; F)-saturated if it contains no copies of F, but adding any edge forms a copy of F. We write sat(Qd; F) for the saturation number, that is, the least number of edges a (Qd; F)-saturated graph may have. We prove the upper bound sat(Qd;Q2) < 10 2d, which strongly disproves a conjecture of Santolupo that sat(Qd;Q2) = 1 4 + o(1) d2d 1. We also prove upper bounds on sat(Qd;Qm) for general m. Given a down-set A and an up-set B in the hypercube, Bollobás and Leader conjectured a lower bound on the number of edge-disjoint paths between A and B in the directed hypercube. Using an unusual form of the compression argument, we confirm the conjecture by reducing the problem to a the case of the undirected hypercube. We also prove an analogous conjecture for vertex-disjoint paths using the same techniques, and extend both results to the grid. Additionally, we deal with subcube intersection graphs, answering a question of Johnson and Markström of the least r = r(n) for which all graphs on n vertices may be represented as subcube intersection graph where each subcube has dimension exactly r. We also contribute to the related area of biclique covers and partitions, and study relationships between various parameters linked to such covers and partitions. Finally, we study topological properties of uniformly random simplicial complexes, employing a characterisation due to Korshunov of almost all down-sets in the hypercube as a key tool.
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Dewhurst, David William. "Conceptual and cognitive problems in cybernetics." Thesis, Brunel University, 1990. http://bura.brunel.ac.uk/handle/2438/5251.

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Controversies have existed for some time about cybernetics as a subject and difficulties have existed for students in obtaining an overview despite the fact that at some level several cybernetics concepts can be grasped by twelve year olds. An attempt is made to unpack the notion of a subject entity and to indicate how far elements in cybernetics conform to such a concept within a generally acceptable philosophy of science. Ambiguities and controversies among key themes of cybernetics are examined and resolutions offered. How far the nature of cybernetics is likely to create problems of understanding is discussed, along with approaches towards the empirical examination of how cybernetic ideas are understood. An approach to better understanding is formulated and used in an investigation of how and how effectively the concept of feedback is grasped by various groups. Suggestions are offered from the foregoing analysis as to the balance of problems within cybernetics and effective strategies for the future.
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Dodsworth, Dianne Joyce. "Routine mathematical problems and mathematical inquiry in an elementary classroom, tensions and struggles." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1999. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk1/tape7/PQDD_0032/NQ46832.pdf.

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Upton, Deborah Susan. "Students' solution strategies to differential equations problems in mathematical and non-mathematical contexts." Thesis, Boston University, 2004. https://hdl.handle.net/2144/32845.

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Thesis (Ed.D.)--Boston University<br>PLEASE NOTE: Boston University Libraries did not receive an Authorization To Manage form for this thesis or dissertation. It is therefore not openly accessible, though it may be available by request. If you are the author or principal advisor of this work and would like to request open access for it, please contact us at open-help@bu.edu. Thank you.<br>The present study investigated undergraduate students' understanding of slope fields and equilibrium solutions as they solved problems in differential equations. The following questions were addressed: 1) Does performance on complex problems vary by context (mathematical, non-mathematical)? 2) When considering a complex problem in a mathematical and a non-mathematical context, are participants who answer the problem in one context correctly more likely to answer the corresponding problem in the other context correctly? 3) Does performance on simple problems predict performance on complex problems? A written test, Differential Equations Concept Assessment (DECA), was designed and administered to 91 participants drawn from three introductory differential equations courses. Of those participants, 13 were interviewed. DECA consists of four complex problems, two in mathematical contexts and two in non-mathematical contexts, and six simple problems that assess aspects of slope fields and equilibrium solutions. The data obtained from DECA and the interviews showed that participants performed significantly better on complex problems in non-mathematical contexts than on complex problems in mathematical contexts. There was a significant relationship found between performance on a problem in a mathematical context and performance on the isomorphic problem in the context of population growth, but a significant relationship was not found between a different pair of isomorphic problems, one in a mathematical context and the other in the context oflearning. However, for all the complex problems, participants illustrated a preference for algebraic rather than geometric methods, even when a geometric approach was a more efficient method of solution. Although performance on simple problems was not found to be a strong predictor of performance on complex problems, the simple problems proved to elicit difficulties participants had with aspects of slope fields and equilibrium solutions. For example, participants were found to overgeneralize the notion of equilibrium solution as being any straight line and as existing at all values where a differential equation equals zero. Participants were also found to identify slope fields as determining only equilibrium solutions.<br>2031-01-01
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Saunders, David. "Mathematical problems in the theory of incomplete markets." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 2001. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk3/ftp04/NQ63700.pdf.

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Newboult, Gail. "Some mathematical problems of nonlinear guided optical waves." Thesis, University of Nottingham, 1989. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.328409.

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Olofsson, Rikard. "Problems in Number Theory related to Mathematical Physics." Doctoral thesis, Stockholm : Engineering sciences, Kungliga Tekniska högskolan, 2008. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-9514.

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Mason, Anthony David. "Mathematical models of road traffic, and related problems." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 1999. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.624189.

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Mundim, Leandro Resende. "Mathematical models and heuristic methods for nesting problems." Universidade de São Paulo, 2017. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/55/55134/tde-08122017-143216/.

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Irregular cutting and packing problems, with convex and non-convex polygons, are found in many industries such as metal mechanics, textiles, of shoe making, the furniture making and others. In this thesis we study the two-dimensional version of these problems, where we want to allocate a set of items, without overlap, inside one or more containers, limited or unlimited, so as to optimize an objective function. In this document we study the knapsack problem, placement problem, strip packing problem, cutting stock problem and bin packing problem. For these problems, the heuristic methods and mathematical programming models are proposed and presented very promising results, surpassing in many cases the best results in the specialized literature. This thesis is organized as follows. In Chapter 1, we present a review of the studied problems, the value proposition for this thesis with the main contributions and ideas. In Chapter 2, we propose a metaheursitic for the strip packing problem with irregular items and circles. Then, in Chapter 3, we present a generic heuristic for the allocation of irregular items that may be weakly or strongly heterogeneous and will be allocated in a container (output maximization problems) or multiple containers (input minimization problems). In Chapter 4, we propose a solution method for the cutting stock problem with deterministic demand and stochastic demand. In Chapters 5 and 6, we present mathematical programming models for the strip packing problem. Finally, in Chapter 7, we present a conclusion and a concise direction for future works.<br>Os problemas de corte e empacotamento de itens irregulares, polígonos convexos e não convexos, são encontrado em diversas indústrias, tais como a metal-mecânica, a têxtil, a de calçados, a moveleira e outras. Nesta tese estudamos a versão bidimensional destes problemas, na qual desejamos alocar um conjunto de itens, sem sobreposição, no interior de um ou mais recipientes, limitados ou ilimitados, de modo a otimizar uma função objetivo. Neste trabalho estudamos o problema da mochila, o problema do assentamento, o problema empacotamento em faixa, o problema de corte de estoque e o problema de empacotamento de contêineres. Para estes problemas, os métodos heurísticos e modelos de programação matemática propostos e apresentam resultados muito promissores, ultrapassando em muitos casos os melhores resultados da literatura especializada. Esta tese esta organizada da seguinte maneira. No Capítulo 1, apresentamos uma revisão dos problemas estudados, a proposta de valor deste doutorado com as principais contribuições e ideias. No Capítulo 2, propomos uma meta-heurística para o problema de empacotamento em faixa para itens irregulares e círculos. Em seguida, no Capítulo 3 apresentamos uma heurística genérica para a alocação de itens irregulares que podem ser fracamente ou fortemente heterogêneos e serão alocados em um recipiente (problema de maximização de saída) ou de múltiplos recipientes (problemas de minimização de entrada). O Capítulo 4 propõem um método de solução para o problema de corte de estoque com demanda conhecida e demanda estocástica. Nos Capítulos 5 e 6 apresentamos modelos de programação matemática para o problema de corte de itens irregulares em faixa. Finalmente, no Capítulo 7, apresentamos a conclusão e uma sucinta direção para os trabalhos futuros.
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41

扇之介, 渡辺, and Sennosuke Watanabe. "Studies on mathematical structures of network optimization problems." Thesis, https://doors.doshisha.ac.jp/opac/opac_link/bibid/BB12863906/?lang=0, 2013. https://doors.doshisha.ac.jp/opac/opac_link/bibid/BB12863906/?lang=0.

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本論文は,様々なネットワーク最適化問題の数学的構造について様々な観点から調べたものである.主たる結果はネットワーク最適化問題の代表例である最大流問題に,関するいくつかの結果と,Min-Plus代数に値をもつ行列の固有値と固有ベクトルに関する特徴づけに関する結果からなっている.<br>博士(理学)<br>Doctor of Philosophy in Science<br>同志社大学<br>Doshisha University
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42

Kitapbayev, Yerkin. "Optimal stopping problems with applications to mathematical finance." Thesis, University of Manchester, 2014. https://www.research.manchester.ac.uk/portal/en/theses/optimal-stopping-problems-with-applications-to-mathematical-finance(6e099f06-f6da-429d-ad92-707883440335).html.

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The main contribution of the present thesis is a solution to finite horizon optimalstopping problems associated with pricing several exotic options, namely the Americanlookback option with fixed strike, the British lookback option with fixed strike,American swing put option and shout put option. We assume the geometric Brownianmotion model and under the Markovian setting we reduce the optimal stoppingproblems to free-boundary problems. The latter we solve by probabilistic argumentswith help of local time-space calculus on curves ([52]) and we characterise optimalexercise boundaries as the unique solution to certain integral equations. Then usingthese optimal stopping boundaries the option price can be obtained. The significance of Chapters 2 and 3 is a development of a method of scaling strikewhich helps to reduce three-dimensional optimal stopping problems, for lookbackoptions with fixed strike, including a maximum process to two-dimensional one withvarying parameter. In Chapter 3 we show a remarkable example where, for somevalues of the set parameters, the optimal exercise surface is discontinuous whichmeans that the three-dimensional problem could not be tackled straightforwardlyusing local time-space calculus on surfaces ([55]). This emphasises another advantageoffered by the reduction method. In Chapter 4 we study the multiple optimal stopping problems with a put payoffassociated to American swing option using local time-space calculus. To our knowledgethis is the first work where a) a sequence of integral equations has been obtainedfor consecutive optimal exercise boundaries and b) the early exercise premium representationhas been derived for swing option price. Chapter 5 deals with the shoutput option which allows the holder to lock the profit at some time τ and then attime T take the maximum between two payoffs at τ and T. The novelty of the workis that it provides a rigorous analysis of the free-boundary problem by probabilisticarguments and derives an integral equation for the optimal shouting boundary alongwith the shouting premium representation for the option price in some cases. Thisapproach can also be applied to other shout and reset options. In Chapter 6 we discuss a problem of the smooth-fit property for the American putoption in an exponential Levy model. In [2] the necessary and sufficient conditionwas obtained for the perpetual case. Recently Lamberton and Mikou [40] coveredalmost all cases for an exponential Levy model with dividends on finite horizon andwe study remaining cases. Firstly, we take the logarithm of the stock price as a Levyprocess of finite variation with zero drift and finitely many jumps, and prove thatone has the smooth-fit property without regularity unlike in the infinite horizon case. Secondly, we provide some analysis and calculations for another case uncovered in[40] where the drift is positive but for all maturities and removing the additionalcondition they used. The result of Chapter 1 is contained in the publication [33] and results of Chapters2-5 are exposed in preprints [34], [17] and [35] that are submitted for publication.
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43

Miller, Andrew J. "Polyhedral approaches to capacitated lot-sizing problems." Diss., Georgia Institute of Technology, 1999. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/24284.

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44

McNab, C. A. "Some problems in permutation groups." Thesis, University of Oxford, 1987. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.382633.

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45

Simon, Paulo Renato. "A metodologia de ensino-aprendizagem-avaliação através da resolução de problemas, como alternativa pedagógica para a compreensão do conceito de função afim por alunos do ensino médio." Universidade Franciscana, 2014. http://tede.universidadefranciscana.edu.br:8080/handle/UFN-BDTD/153.

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Made available in DSpace on 2018-06-27T19:13:26Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 3 Paulo Renato Simon.pdf: 1863417 bytes, checksum: bed605e7d076d7a615149b3a286f5546 (MD5) Paulo Renato Simon.pdf.txt: 167176 bytes, checksum: 0a526446858b1b6fcf27b1bacfd67fa6 (MD5) Paulo Renato Simon.pdf.jpg: 3655 bytes, checksum: c347b59c38473c5a84c67e07851f709f (MD5) Previous issue date: 2014-02-28<br>Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior<br>The present paper shows the results of a survey with 32 students from High School a Night class that is concomitant with the Vocational Education at Colégio Evangélico Panambi, from Panambi - RS. For this research that is qualitative were used as data collection the following instruments: questionnaires with the students, with the intention of doing a survey about their previous background related to the concept of function, a diagnosis test consisting of four activities relating to functions, a daily classroom and participant observation in which was reported all class events, as well as documents produced by students in resolutions of problems. This study intended to analyze the contribution of the Methodology of Teaching and Learning Evaluation through the Resolution of Problems for the construction of the concept of afim function by the High School students, for the application and development of the activities were followed the steps suggested by Onuchic and Allevato regarding the methodology of Problem Solving. Thus it is considered relevant to analyze the experiences of teaching specifically in this study, the Methodology of Teaching and Learning Math Evaluation, through the Resolution of Problems, particularly the concept of afim function. After the implementation of the activities and the results analyzed, it was noticed that the students had mainly difficulties regarding the interpretation of the statements of the problems proposed. However the collective work had a definitive role for carrying out the proposed activities and showed an extreme importance, without that, the results would not be the same. Also it was possible to verify during the development of the activities that the students have some difficulty in making written records of activities as well as the procedures used in the resolution of problems proposed.<br>Tem-se nesta dissertação o resultado de uma pesquisa realizada com 32 alunos de uma turma de 1º ano do Ensino Médio noturno que é concomitante com o ensino profissionalizante no Colégio Evangélico Panambi, de Panambi RS. Para a realização desta pesquisa de caráter qualitativo foram utilizados na coleta de dados os seguintes instrumentos: questionários com os alunos, com o intuito de fazer um levantamento acerca dos conhecimentos prévios relacionados ao conceito de função, um teste diagnóstico composto de quatro atividades referentes a funções, observação participante e diário de aula no qual foram relatados todos os acontecimentos ocorridos em classe, bem como documentos produzidos pelos alunos nas resoluções dos problemas. Nesta pesquisa pretendeu-se analisar a contribuição da Metodologia de Ensino-Aprendizagem-Avaliação através da Resolução de Problemas para a construção do conceito de função afim pelos alunos do ensino médio; para a aplicação e desenvolvimento das atividades foram seguidos os passos sugeridos por Onuchic e Allevato a respeito da metodologia de Resolução de Problemas. Assim considera-se relevante analisar de modo mais fundamentado as experiências de ensino e, nesta pesquisa, específicamente a Metodologia de Ensino-Aprendizagem-Avaliação de Matemática através da Resolução de Problemas, particularmente o conceito de função afim. Após a aplicação das atividades, e os resultados analisados, constatou-se que os alunos tinham dificuldades principalmente quanto à interpretação dos enunciados dos problemas propostos. Porém o trabalho coletivo teve um papel definitivo para a realização das atividades propostas e, demonstrou-se de extrema importância, sem o qual os resultados não seriam os mesmos. Também foi possível verificar durante o desenvolvimento das atividades que os alunos apresentam certa dificuldade em fazer registros escritos das atividades desenvolvidas bem como dos procedimentos utilizados na resolução dos problemas propostos. Com base nos resultados alcançados e nos depoimento dos alunos quanto às atividades, conclui-se que essa metodologia aproxima a matemática ao cotidiano do aluno, o que desperta maior interesse na realização das tarefas e consequentemente mais êxito na resolução das atividades.
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46

Nori, Vijay S. "Algorithms for dynamic and stochastic logistics problems." Diss., Georgia Institute of Technology, 1999. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/24513.

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47

Cooke, Tristrom Peter. "Some problems in anisotropic elasticity /." Title page, contents and summary only, 1998. http://web4.library.adelaide.edu.au/theses/09PH/09phc773.pdf.

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48

Williams, Jessica. "The Nagorno Karabakh Conflict problems and possibilities for political resolution /." Click here to access thesis, 2009. http://www.georgiasouthern.edu/etd/archive/spring2009/jessica_r_williams/williams_jessica_r_200901_MASS.pdf.

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Thesis (M.A.)--Georgia Southern University, 2009.<br>"A thesis submitted to the Graduate Faculty of Georgia Southern University in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree Master of Arts." Directed by Emilia Powell. ETD. Includes bibliographical references (p. 58-62)
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49

Paris, Gabrielle. "Resolution of some optimisation problems on graphs and combinatorial games." Thesis, Lyon, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018LYSE1180/document.

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J'ai étudié trois problèmes d'optimisation dans les graphes et les jeux combinatoires.Tout d'abord, les codes identifiants dans les graphes où les sommets font faces à des failles: les codes cherchent à repérer les failles pour les réparer. On s'est intéressé aux codes identifiants dans les graphes circulants en utilisant des plongements de ces graphes dans des grilles infinies.Ensuite, j'ai étudié le jeu de marquage de sommets et le jeu de coloration d'arêtes: ici deux joueurs se font face, le premier cherche à construire une coloration correcte (ou un marquage correct) et le deuxième cherche à l'en empêcher. Pour le jeu de marquage on s'est intéressé aux changements de stratégie gagnante lorsqu'on modifie le graphe. Pour le jeu de coloration d'arêtes on a donné une stratégie gagnante pour le premier joueur pourvu que le graphe considéré admette une certaine décomposition sur les arêtes. On améliore notamment des résultats sur les graphes planaires.Enfin j'ai étudié les jeux à tas purement de casse: deux joueurs à tour de rôle prennent un tas et le cassent en un certain nombre de tas non vides. On s'intéresse aux stratégies gagnantes lorsque les joueurs jouent sur un unique tas contenant n jetons. Ces jeux de pure casse semblent, à l'oeil nu, être réguliers. On a montré que c'est effectivement le cas pour certains et on a donné un test qui permet de déterminer la régularité cas par cas. Un seul cas ne semble pas correspondre à cette régularité: son comportement reste un mystère.En conclusion, je me suis intéressé à trois problèmes bilatéraux qui utilisent différentes méthodes et qui remplissent des propos différents dans le domaine de la combinatoire<br>I studied three optimization problems on graphs and combinatorial games.First, identifying codes were studied : vertices couteract faults. Identifying codes help locate the fault to repare it. We focused on circulant graphs by embedding them on infinite grids.Then, the marking and the coloring games were studied : two player games were one player wants to build something (a proper coloration or a proper marking) and the other wants to prevent the first player from doing so. For the marking game we studied the evolution of the strategy when modifying the graph. For the coloring game we defined a new edge-wise decomposition of graphs and we defined a new strategy on this decomposition that improves known results on planar graphs.In the end, I studied pure breaking games : two players take turns to break a heap of tokens in a given number of non-empty heaps. We focused on winning strategies for the game starting with a unique heap on n tokens. These games seem, on first sight, to be all regular : we showed this is the case for some of them and we gave a test to study one game at a time. Only one of these games does not seem to be regular, its behavior remains a mystery.To sum up, I studied three bilateral problems that use different methods and have different purposes in combinatorics
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50

Liu, Binbin, and 刘彬彬. "Some topics in risk theory and optimal capital allocation problems." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2012. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B48199291.

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In recent years, the Markov Regime-Switching model and the class of Archimedean copulas have been widely applied to a variety of finance-related fields. The Markov Regime-Switching model can reflect the reality that the underlying economy is changing over time. Archimedean copulas are one of the most popular classes of copulas because they have closed form expressions and have great flexibility in modeling different kinds of dependencies. In the thesis, we first consider a discrete-time risk process based on the compound binomial model with regime-switching. Some general recursive formulas of the expected penalty function have been obtained. The orderings of ruin probabilities are investigated. In particular, we show that if there exists a stochastic dominance relationship between random claims at different regimes, then we can order ruin probabilities under different initial regimes. Regarding capital allocation problems, which are important areas in finance and risk management, this thesis studies the problems of optimal allocation of policy limits and deductibles when the dependence structure among risks is modeled by an Archimedean copula. By employing the concept of arrangement increasing and stochastic dominance, useful qualitative results of the optimal allocations are obtained. Then we turn our attention to a new family of risk measures satisfying a set of proposed axioms, which includes the class of distortion risk measures with concave distortion functions. By minimizing the new risk measures, we consider the optimal allocation of policy limits and deductibles problems based on the assumption that for each risk there exists an indicator random variable which determines whether the risk occurs or not. Several sufficient conditions to order the optimal allocations are obtained using tools in stochastic dominance theory.<br>published_or_final_version<br>Statistics and Actuarial Science<br>Doctoral<br>Doctor of Philosophy
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