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Zahm, Constanze. "Die Einordnung von UNESCO-Rechtsakten." Saechsische Landesbibliothek- Staats- und Universitaetsbibliothek Dresden, 2013. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bsz:14-qucosa-129319.
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Als Sonderorganisation der Vereinten Nationen soll die UNESCO als rechtlich selbstständige Organisation mit eigener Rechtspersönlichkeit zur Erreichung des Gesamtziels der Vereinten Nationen beitragen. Grundlage dafür sind gemeinsame Standards in den Bereichen Bildung, Wissenschaft und Kultur, die gegenseitiges Verständnis und Kooperation fördern sollen. Rechtssetzungsinstrumente sind demnach von großer Bedeutung für die Tätigkeit der UNESCO. Die vorliegende Arbeit konzentriert sich auf die Analyse und kritische Würdigung der vorhandenen Instrumente und ordnet sie rechtlich sowohl nach ihrer Verbindlichkeit als auch ihrer Entstehung ein. Abschließend wird die Implementierung sowie die gewollte und erreichte Wirksamkeit der Rechtssetzungsinstrumente hinterfragt.
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Kim, Kwang-Jin. "The logic of decisions in militarized disputes the effect of regime, power, arms contorol [sic], and airpower on decision-making in militarized disputes /." Diss., Columbia, Mo. : University of Missouri-Columbia, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/10355/4831.
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Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Missouri-Columbia, 2007.The entire dissertation/thesis text is included in the research.pdf file; the official abstract appears in the short.pdf file (which also appears in the research.pdf); a non-technical general description, or public abstract, appears in the public.pdf file. Title from title screen of research.pdf file (viewed on February 14, 2008) Vita. Includes bibliographical references.
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Peng, John. "A decision support system for conflict resolution." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1999. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk1/tape8/PQDD_0020/NQ38262.pdf.
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Evans, Ann, and ann evans@anu edu au. "Motherhood or abortion: Pregnancy resolution decisions of Australian teenagers." The Australian National University. Research School of Social Sciences, 2001. http://thesis.anu.edu.au./public/adt-ANU20021028.105146.
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Australia has a lower teenage fertility rate than other industrialised English-speaking countries. However, with over 11,000 births and 12,000 abortions to teenagers each year, the resolution of teenage pregnancy is an issue faced by many young Australian women.
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This research seeks to explore the factors that discriminate between those who terminate and those who continue a teenage pregnancy. To achieve this aim a survey was conducted on young ever-pregnant women throughout New South Wales and the Australian Capital Territory. The survey sought information on young womens characteristics on three different levels: individual; institutional; and societal or cultural.
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The findings suggest that, at each of the three levels proposed, there are factors that discriminate between young women who choose abortion and those who choose motherhood. At the individual level, attitudes to abortion and career aspirations were found to affect pregnancy resolution. At the institutional level factors relating to education, family, relationships and religion were found to discriminate between the two groups. Finally, at the cultural level, ethnicity and area of residence were found to be associated with pregnancy resolution, in addition to modifying the effect of characteristics at other levels.
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Balke, Ellen Louise. "A process model for dispute resolution." Thesis, London School of Economics and Political Science (University of London), 1992. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.287862.
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Pavuluri, Manoj Kumar. "Fuzzy decision tree classification for high-resolution satellite imagery /." free to MU campus, to others for purchase, 2003. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/mo/fullcit?p1418056.
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Hui, Ken. "Court decisions on building contract disputes a Coasian empirical analysis /." Click to view the E-thesis via HKUTO, 2008. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record/B40988193.
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Price, Shane A. "Low-resolution screening of early stage acquisition simulation scenario development decisions." Thesis, Monterey, California. Naval Postgraduate School, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10945/27892.
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The United States Army and the United States Marine Corps currently use Combat XXI as their premier computer simulation for estimating the effects of the introduction of changes to unit composition and equipment on the battlefield. It is a time consuming model to produce and run, in that it represents very detailed and intricate interactions. Another similar, but less detailed computer simulation is the Dynamic Allocation of Fires and Sensors (DAFS). Instead of modeling the explicit interactions between every soldier and Marine, scenarios can be designed to focus on the effects of combat between groups of combatants. Scenarios can be developed and run faster, but with less insight into the mechanism of interactions. This thesis explores the possibility of using a low-resolution simulation as a rapid prototyping device for more arduous (and expensive) simulations to gain limited insight and assist in scenario development by contrasting a scenario developed in COMBATXXI with a similar scenario developed in DAFS.
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Iordanova, B. N. "Conflict resolution planning relevant to decision support systems for future air traffic management." Thesis, University of Huddersfield, 2000. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.323814.
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Pletti, Carolina. "The role of emotion and intentionality in moral dilemma resolution: Subjective, behavioral, and electrophysiological data." Doctoral thesis, Università degli studi di Padova, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/11577/3424500.
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This thesis describes three studies that investigated the role of emotion in decision-making during the resolution of moral dilemmas, in which the individual is confronted with the choices of letting some people die (non utilitarian choice) or sacrificing a single person to save them (utilitarian choice). The studies presented in this thesis were aimed at testing the dual process model of moral judgment (Greene et al., 2001, 2004), according to which emotional processing plays a causal role in driving judgments and decisions in moral dilemmas, in competition with rational reasoning. The studies also focused on how the intentionality of the action involved in the decision choice interacts with emotional processing by producing different judgment and decision patterns. Moreover, in two of the three studies the neural correlates of the decision process during the resolution of the dilemmas were investigated by means of event-related potentials.
Findings from the first study showed that taking legal consequences into account during the resolution of the dilemmas doesn’t affect participants’ choices. Moreover, the percentage of utilitarian choices was lower when the sacrifice of a person is the intentional means by which more lives were saved than when it is an unintentional side effect of saving more lives, irrespective of whether legal considerations are taken into account. However, taking legal considerations into account reduces the overall emotional impact of the decision and increases the neural preparation to execute the action corresponding to the selected choice, suggesting a reduced conflict between the two options (utilitarian and non-utilitarian).
The second study showed that emotional hyporeactivity, as typical of individuals with high trait psychopathy, reduces the perceived unpleasantness experienced during the decision and increases the number of utilitarian choices, irrespective of the intentionality of the sacrifice.
The final study showed that decisions in moral dilemmas are driven by the attempt to reduce the negative emotions experienced after the decision. This study also shows that the emotional conflict between alternative options does not influence the neural preparation for action.
Overall, the results of the three studies presented in this thesis suggest that the intentionality of the sacrifice influences decisions independently of the emotional impact and legal considerations. At the same time, our findings are in line with the dual process model, as they show that emotional processing affects decisions in moral dilemmas, especially through the anticipation of the expected emotional consequences of the available options.In questa tesi sono stati descritti tre studi finalizzati ad indagare il ruolo delle emozioni nel guidare le decisioni in dilemmi morali in cui si deve decidere se sacrificare la vita di una persona per salvarne un numero maggiore (scelta utilitaristica) o lasciar morire le persone in pericolo (scelta non utilitaristica). Gli studi presentati nella tesi avevano lo scopo di testare il modello del doppio processo del giudizio morale (Greene et al., 2001, 2004), secondo il quale l'elaborazione emozionale, in competizione con il ragionamento razionale, svolge un ruolo causale nel guidare il giudizio morale e la decisione nei dilemmi morali. Inoltre, si è indagato come l’intenzionalità attribuita all’azione interagisce con l’elaborazione emozionale nell’influenzare la decisione. Infine, in questo contesto sono stati rilevati, in due dei tre studi presentati, i correlati neurali del processo decisionale, tramite la registrazione di potenziali evento-relati. I risultati del primo studio hanno mostrato che tenere in considerazione ipotetiche ripercussioni legali dell’azione durante la risoluzione di dilemmi morali non influenza né le scelte dei partecipanti. Inoltre, a prescindere dalla considerazione di conseguenze legali, quando il sacrificio di una persona era intenzionale i partecipanti hanno compiuto un minor numero di scelte utilitaristiche rispetto a quando il sacrificio di una persona era una conseguenza non voluta del salvare le persone in pericolo. Tuttavia, tenere in considerazione conseguenze legali riduce l'impatto emozionale durante la decisione e produce facilitazione corticale e maggiore prontezza all’esecuzione dell'azione corrispondente all'opzione scelta, suggerendo un minor conflitto tra le due opzioni (utilitaristica e non utilitaristica). I risultati del secondo studio hanno mostrato che la condizione di iporeattività emozionale che caratterizza individui con alti tratti di psicopatia riduce la spiacevolezza esperita durante la decisione e aumenta il numero di scelte utilitaristiche, a prescindere dall’intenzionalità con cui il sacrificio viene compiuto. I risultati dell’ultimo studio hanno mostrato che le decisioni nei dilemmi morali sono guidate dal tentativo di ridurre le emozioni negative che ci si aspetta di esperire dopo la scelta, e che il conflitto emozionale tra le due opzioni non influenza l’attività corticale che precede immediatamente l’azione. Complessivamente, i risultati di questo lavoro di tesi suggeriscono che l'intenzionalità attribuita all’azione influenza la decisione indipendentemente dall’impatto emozionale e da considerazioni di carattere legale. Parallelamente, questi dati sono in linea con il modello del doppio processo nel mostrare come l’emozione influenzi la decisione nei dilemmi morali, in particolare tramite l'anticipazione delle conseguenze emozionali delle alternative disponibili.
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Jakku, Emma, and n/a. "Murky Waters? Science, Politics and Environmental Decision-Making in the Brisbane River Dredging Dispute." Griffith University. Australian School of Environmental Studies, 2004. http://www4.gu.edu.au:8080/adt-root/public/adt-QGU20040810.131650.
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Environmental sociology and the sociology of scientific knowledge provide a strong theoretical foundation for investigating the role of science in environmental disputes. The field of environmental dispute resolution has built a body of literature, outlining the techniques and practices that underpin the successful resolution of disputes, over controversial environmental issues. However, the literature on dispute resolution has generally neglected the role of science in environmental disputes. This thesis develops a theoretical framework based on concepts from environmental sociology and the sociology of scientific knowledge in order to critically examine the role of science in environmental disputes. In particular, this thesis combines the theory on claims-making from environmental sociology with actor-network theory and the theory on boundary-work from the sociology of scientific knowledge, to analyse the way in which science was involved in the dispute over phasing out extractive dredging from the Brisbane River. Data were collected from qualitative in-depth interviews with key players in the Brisbane River dredging dispute and combined with analysis of relevant documents and newspaper articles. Each of the components of the theoretical framework developed in this thesis contributes to an in-depth analysis of the way in which science was involved in the dredging dispute. The environmental claims-making analysis examines the way in which the claim that extractive dredging was an environmental problem for the Brisbane River was constructed and contested. The actor-network analysis compares the two competing actor-networks that were developed by one of the major concrete companies and by the anti-dredging campaigners. The boundary-work analysis examines the social construction of the science / politics border as an important site of boundary-work, before exploring other related forms of boundary-work within the case study. When combined, these theories highlight the social and political processes that underpin the inherent difficulties associated with applying science to effective environmental dispute resolution. The theoretical framework developed in this thesis highlights the way in which an analysis of environmental claims-making, actor-networks and boundary-work, extends the literature on environmental dispute resolution. This thesis therefore makes a significant contribution to the field of environmental dispute resolution, by illustrating the advantages of drawing on theoretical perspectives from environmental sociology and the sociology of scientific knowledge.
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Jakku, Emma. "Murky Waters? Science, Politics and Environmental Decision-Making in the Brisbane River Dredging Dispute." Thesis, Griffith University, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/10072/366055.
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Environmental sociology and the sociology of scientific knowledge provide a strong theoretical foundation for investigating the role of science in environmental disputes. The field of environmental dispute resolution has built a body of literature, outlining the techniques and practices that underpin the successful resolution of disputes, over controversial environmental issues. However, the literature on dispute resolution has generally neglected the role of science in environmental disputes. This thesis develops a theoretical framework based on concepts from environmental sociology and the sociology of scientific knowledge in order to critically examine the role of science in environmental disputes. In particular, this thesis combines the theory on claims-making from environmental sociology with actor-network theory and the theory on boundary-work from the sociology of scientific knowledge, to analyse the way in which science was involved in the dispute over phasing out extractive dredging from the Brisbane River. Data were collected from qualitative in-depth interviews with key players in the Brisbane River dredging dispute and combined with analysis of relevant documents and newspaper articles. Each of the components of the theoretical framework developed in this thesis contributes to an in-depth analysis of the way in which science was involved in the dredging dispute. The environmental claims-making analysis examines the way in which the claim that extractive dredging was an environmental problem for the Brisbane River was constructed and contested. The actor-network analysis compares the two competing actor-networks that were developed by one of the major concrete companies and by the anti-dredging campaigners. The boundary-work analysis examines the social construction of the science / politics border as an important site of boundary-work, before exploring other related forms of boundary-work within the case study. When combined, these theories highlight the social and political processes that underpin the inherent difficulties associated with applying science to effective environmental dispute resolution. The theoretical framework developed in this thesis highlights the way in which an analysis of environmental claims-making, actor-networks and boundary-work, extends the literature on environmental dispute resolution. This thesis therefore makes a significant contribution to the field of environmental dispute resolution, by illustrating the advantages of drawing on theoretical perspectives from environmental sociology and the sociology of scientific knowledge.Thesis (PhD Doctorate)
Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)
Australian School of Environmental Studies
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Zahar, Marie-Joëlle. "Fanatics, mercenaries, brigands-- and politicians, militia decision-making and civil conflict resolution." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 2000. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk2/ftp03/NQ64704.pdf.
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Zahar, Marie-Joëlle. "Fanatics, mercenaries, brigands ... and politicians : militia decision-making and civil conflict resolution." Thesis, McGill University, 1999. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=36742.
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When do militias---whose power, riches, and legitimacy depend on the continuation of civil wars---accept negotiated settlements? An unexplored and crucial dimension of militia decision-making is the process of militia institutionalization. Militias create institutions to improve their odds of winning the war and project legitimacy internally as well as externally.Militia institutions affect the strategic choice of decision-makers. They create financial and organizational interests that modify the preferences of the militia leadership. The modified preferences increase the win-set of militia leaders at the negotiating table. Militia institutions also change the decision-making context. Institutions unleash three dynamics that decrease a militia's ability to withstand fluctuations in the military balance of forces. Institutions can lead to factionalism, increased visibility (and hence vulnerability to attack), and strains in relations with patrons.
Using the logic of two-level games, I argue that leaders evaluate peace settlements with an eye on two boards. Externally, they evaluate their position vis-a-vis other protagonists in the conflict. Internally, leaders are concerned with their positions in power. Institutionalization results in a tension between "raison de la revolution" (ideological motivations) and "raison d'institution" (institutional preservation). Embattled leaders who increasingly find it difficult to withstand changes in the balance of forces find that their institutional interests are better preserved by peace. They agree to compromise on their ideological preferences thus opening a window of opportunity for the attainment of sustainable peace settlements.
Employing the comparative case-study method, the dissertation examines the attitudes of the Lebanese Forces and the Bosnian Serbs respectively toward conflict-resolution schemes that sought to bring the Lebanese and Bosnian civil wars to an end.
By focusing on leaders' incentives to settle, the research allows us to predict a priori which settlements are more sustainable. Theoretically, it refines the concept of "ripeness" for negotiations by specifying both its intra-communal and its extra-communal dimensions. In terms of practical policy implications, the research argues that militias are prime candidates for the role of spoilers. Thus, it is important not only to understand their incentives to settle but also to craft peace agreements that give even such radical factions a vested interest in peace.
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Vela, Adan Ernesto. "Understanding conflict-resolution taskload: implementing advisory conflict-detection and resolution algorithms in an airspace." Diss., Georgia Institute of Technology, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/42920.
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From 2010 to 2030, the number of instrument flight rules aircraft operations handled by Federal Aviation Administration en route traffic centers is predicted to increase from approximately 39 million flights to 64 million flights. The projected growth in air transportation demand is likely to result in traffic levels that exceed the abilities of the unaided air traffic controller in managing, separating, and providing services to aircraft. Consequently, the Federal Aviation Administration, and other air navigation service providers around the world, are making several efforts to improve the capacity and throughput of existing airspaces. Ultimately, the stated goal of the Federal Aviation Administration is to triple the available capacity of the National Airspace System by 2025.
In an effort to satisfy air traffic demand through the increase of airspace capacity, air navigation service providers are considering the inclusion of advisory conflict-detection and resolution systems. In a human-in-the-loop framework, advisory conflict-detection and resolution decision-support tools identify potential conflicts and propose resolution commands for the air traffic controller to verify and issue to aircraft. A number of researchers and air navigation service providers hypothesize that the inclusion of combined conflict-detection and resolution tools into air traffic control systems will reduce or transform controller workload and enable the required increases in airspace capacity.
In an effort to understand the potential workload implications of introducing advisory conflict-detection and resolution tools, this thesis provides a detailed study of the conflict event process and the implementation of conflict-detection and resolution algorithms. Specifically, the research presented here examines a metric of controller taskload: how many resolution commands an air traffic controller issues under the guidance of a conflict-detection and resolution decision-support tool. The goal of the research is to understand how the formulation, capabilities, and implementation of conflict-detection and resolution tools affect the controller taskload (system demands) associated with the conflict-resolution process, and implicitly the controller workload (physical and psychological demands). Furthermore this thesis seeks to establish best practices for the design of future conflict-detection and resolution systems.
To generalize conclusions on the conflict-resolution taskload and best design practices of conflict-detection and resolution systems, this thesis focuses on abstracting and parameterizing the behaviors and capabilities of the advisory tools. Ideally, this abstraction of advisory decision-support tools serves as an alternative to exhaustively designing tools, implementing them in high-fidelity simulations, and analyzing their conflict-resolution taskload. Such an approach of simulating specific conflict-detection and resolution systems limits the type of conclusions that can be drawn concerning the design of more generic algorithms.
In the process of understanding conflict-detection and resolution systems, evidence in the thesis reveals that the most effective approach to reducing conflict-resolution taskload is to improve conflict-detection systems. Furthermore, studies in the this thesis indicate that there is significant flexibility in the design of conflict-resolution algorithms.
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Humphrey, Elaine. "An Exploration of Ethical Dilemma Resolution by Student Affairs Professionals." Diss., Virginia Tech, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/29216.
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This two-phase, sequential mixed methods study explored how student affairs professionals resolved professional ethical dilemmas. A student affairs professional was defined as an individual whose educational background and work experience are in student affairs. An ethical dilemma is defined as a situation in which two ethical principles are at odds rather than a simple matter of right versus wrong (Kitchener, 1985). A professional ethical dilemma is an ethical dilemma in the context of a personâ s work-related experience.
The first phase of the study was a qualitative exploration of how representatives of the Council for the Advancement of Standards in Higher Education (CAS) resolve professional ethical dilemmas by interviewing the representatives. The second phase of this study was confirmatory. An online questionnaire was designed and administered to members of the National Association of Student Personnel Administrators (NASPA) who held positions similar to those held by the phase one sample. The questionnaire was designed to confirm the findings from phase one about ethical dilemma resolution.
The study found that professional ethical dilemmas are very complex, involving multiple ethical principles, multiple roles of the person facing the dilemma, and multiple constituent groups involved in the dilemma. Despite this complexity, student affairs professionals use a relatively simple resolution process of serious reflection and conferring with others. Considerations of self (e.g. role in dilemma and impact on self) and the wider organization (e.g. legal implications and political implications) were used in the resolution process. The study also found that student affairs professionalsâ personal values helped them prioritize the vying ethical principles involved in the dilemma so that they could make a decision that they believed was ethical.Ph. D.
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Divard, Ronan. "Le desaccord et la resolution de conflit dans la prise de decisions d'achat au sein du couple." Rennes 1, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992REN11002.
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L'objet de la these est d'explorer deux aspects majeurs du processus de prise de decision d'achat dans le couple. Il s'agit tout d'abord d'examiner dans quelle mesure les preferences, les desirs et, plus generalement, les attitudes des conjoints a l'egard des choix economiques se revelent concordants ou, du moins, compatibles. Une etude menee aupres d'un echantillon de 101 familles laisse apparaitre d'importantes divergences dans les preferences des epous, qu'ils soient consultes au sujet de decisions d=achat hypothetiques (modeles automobile, destination de vacances) ou au sujet des priorites d'achat du menage. Par ailleurs, il ressort de l'analyse que les conjoints ont generalement une perception inexacte de leurs preferences respectives. La conclusion qui s'impose est que les etudes qui visent a appreciser les choix futurs du menage a partir des declarations d'un seul individu sont inadequates. Dans un second temps, ont ete etudiees les methodes que les epoux sont susceptibles de mettre en oeuvre pour resoudre les conflits decisionnels. Un repertoire de 33 comportements possibles a ete construit et soumis a un echantillon de 202 individus. Il apparait que, d'une maniere generale, sont privilegiees les methodes de persuasion basees sur l'expertise ainsi que certaines methodes de resolution de probleme (recherche d'informations, debat familial). Toutefois, les comportements sont loin d'etre homogenes et cinq types fort distincts d'individus ont pu etre mis en evidence. Enfin, il semble que les projets d'achat qui sont abandonnes ou differes du fait d'un desaccord non resolu soients plus souvent ceud du mari, surtout lorsqu'ils concernent l'equipement de loisirs.
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Burton, John William. "Alternative dispute resolution and the United Church, theological and jurisprudential implications of collaborative decision-making." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 2001. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk3/ftp05/NQ64773.pdf.
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Aziz, Tunku Zelena-Anne. "The impact of high resolution computed tomography on clinical decision-making in interstitial lung disease." Thesis, Imperial College London, 2004. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.431696.
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STEFFENINO, SARA. "Urban land cover mapping using medium spatial resolution satellite imageries: effectiveness of Decision Tree Classifier." Doctoral thesis, Politecnico di Torino, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/11583/2507348.
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The study is inserted in the framework of information extraction from satellite imageries for supporting rapid mapping activities, where information need to be extracted quickly and the elimination, also if partially, of manual digitalization procedures, can be considered a great breakthrough.
The main aim of this study was therefore to develop algorithms for the extraction of urban layer by means of medium spatial resolution Landsat data processing; Decision Tree classifier was investigated as classification techniques, thus it allows to extract rules that can be later applied to different scenes. In particular, the aim was to evaluate which steps to perform in order to obtain a good classification procedure, mainly focusing on processing that can be applied to images and on training set features. The training set was evaluated on the basis of the number of classes to use for its creation, together with the temporal extension of the training set and input attributes, while images were submitted to different kind of radiometric pre and post-processing. The aim was the evaluation of the best variables to set for the creation of the training set, to be used for the classifier generation. Above-mentioned variables were compared and results evaluated on the basis of reached accuracies. Data used for the validation were derived from the Digital Regional Technical Map.
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Hui, Ken, and 許亦鈞. "Court decisions on building contract disputes: a Coasian empirical analysis." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2008. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B40988193.
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孫子恒 and Chee-hang Henry Suen. "A selection model of dispute resolution systems for construction professionals." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2000. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B31251717.
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Makgosa, Rina Phoko. "Husbands' and wives' conflict resolution strategies used in joint purchase decision-making processes : a cross-cultural perspective." Thesis, University of Manchester, 2005. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.616996.
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It is a common view that husbands and wives make decisions to purchase most major household purchases jointly. Joint purchase decision-making processes are also perceived to be complex, unstructured, and to involve conflict. Consequently, the key question facing marketers and marketing academics is - "How do couples go through complex and unstructured purchase decision-making processes that also involve conflict? .. Generally, researchers have noted that a study of conflict resolution strategies used in joint purchase decision-making processes is important for our understanding of what transpires within a joint purchase decision. Thus, previous studies have studied the typologies of conflict resolution strategies, frequency in the use of conflict resolution strategies, the different combinations of conflict resolution strategies, as well as the effects of factors such as age, length of marriage, income, education, and occupation and sex role orientation on the different combinations of conflict resolution strategies. Despite efforts to address the subject of joint purchase decision-making processes, it remains largely unexplored. In particular, the role that culture plays in influencing the use of conflict resolution strategies has also been largely ignored. Therefore, this study was undertaken to fill the gap in the cross-cultural perspective of conflict resolution strategies used in joint purchase decision-making processes. To address this gap, fourteen hypotheses derived from theoretical knowledge were specified and tested using separate samples of husbands and wives. Specifically, this is a survey-based study of a total sample of 583 married spouses of British White, Indian, and African Black origin (i.e., 295 husbands and 288 wives). Data from the British White were collected using mail surveys. To collect data for the Indians and African Blacks, non-probabilistic approaches were used, mostly hand distributed questionnaires.
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Heater, Deborah J. "Mentoring At-risk Youth: An Intervention for Skill Building in Problem Solving, Decision Making, and Conflict Resolution." DigitalCommons@USU, 2000. https://digitalcommons.usu.edu/etd/2715.
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Low interpersonal skill level in younger youth has shown to lead to higher rates of delinquent behavior in older adolescents. Utah State University Extension established a program titled Youth and Families with Promise (YFP). This is a research-based mentoring program where mentors were screened, matched to individual youth, and activities planned that focus on 8 of the Search Institute's 40 assets. The program provided services for 156 at-risk youth ages 7 to 16 in six Utah counties, 66 of whom completed a pretest and posttest assessment. This research-based, intervention/prevention program has shown that the interventions used were effective in building skills in youth, assisting them in planning for the future, making better decisions, and resolving conflict nonviolently. This research evaluates three of those eight assets: problem solving, decision making, and peaceful conflict resolution.
Participating college-age mentors from the same six counties were matched with one or two at-risk youth. Group family activities based on the three assets were held monthly. By using a youth self-assessment pre- and posttest survey and a posttest survey for parents, teachers, and mentors, the program was evaluated. This research project is a study of the YFP at-risk youth mentoring program during an 8-month period.
Although results were not statistically significant, youth gained more assets and had a higher score on the posttest, with the exception of four items: avoidance of making decisions, hanging out with troubled friends, doing what friends want even if it will get them into trouble, and pushing back when they themselves are pushed.
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Hurtado, Falvy Juan Manuel. "From the Decision Conciliation to the Dispute Resolution Board: Notes in relation to the Dispute Resolution Board as a New Method of Conflict Resolution for a Formalized Work Contract Under the scope of the New Public Procurement Law." Derecho & Sociedad, 2015. http://repositorio.pucp.edu.pe/index/handle/123456789/117996.
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The new Public Procurement Law introduces the Dispute Boards as a new settlement ofdisputes and contestations during the contractual execution of the work phase. The present article works, in the first place, the framework of public procurement and the controversies that are originated in the matter. Then, it will expose the development of the Dispute Boards in other countried and their characteristics. Finally, it concludes identifying the type of Dispute Boards that is being adopted in Peruvian law, showing his vantages and disadvantages.La nueva Ley de Contrataciones del Estado, Ley N° 30225, incorpora la Junta de Resolución de Disputas, como un nuevo mecanismo de resolución de conflictos durante la fase de ejecución contractual de obras.En el artículo se desarrolla, en primer lugar, el marco de las contrataciones del Estado y las controversias que se originan en el mismo. Posteriormente, se expone el desarrollo de los Dispute Boards internacionalmente y sus características, y se concluye identificando el tipo de Dispute Boards adoptado en la legislación peruana, exponiendo sus fortalezas y debilidades.
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Van, Gorp John D. "Binding arbitration and the summary trial with binding decision : a comparison of the two methods in resolving disputes." Thesis, Monterey, Calif. : Springfield, Va. : Naval Postgraduate School ; Available from National Technical Information Service, 2002. http://library.nps.navy.mil/uhtbin/hyperion-image/02Jun%5FVanGorp.pdf.
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Grech, Lisa Marie. "The effect of culture on cross-cultural conflict resolution behaviors." CSUSB ScholarWorks, 2002. https://scholarworks.lib.csusb.edu/etd-project/2331.
Full textAbstract:
This study attempted to investigate whether there were differences in the conflict behaviors chosen for members of the same culture versus members of a different culture when accounting for Chinese cultural value conservation.
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Abrahamsson, Zarah. "Mind the gap! : The decision making gap between the Security Council and the Troop Contributing Countries; when "all necessary means" is not enough." Thesis, Försvarshögskolan, 2015. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:fhs:diva-6601.
Full textAbstract:
This two part thesis investigates the lack of definition of the wording “all necessary means” and how it ultimately impacts a decision making gap between the Security Council and the troop contributing countries regarding the use of force in UN peace operations. The assumptions are based on Reus-Smit’s constructivist theory, emphasizing that both politics and international law needs to be studied with a holistic approach in order to understand how the two realms shape each other. The assumption of this thesis is that “all necessary means” is not providing enough guidance to constrain the TCCs to behave as sovereign, equal actors in an anarchical structure. The second part of the thesis is a within-case-study of MONUC/MONUSCO, and the Security Council resolution 2098 that established the Force Intervention Brigade.
29
Sommerlot, Andrew Richard. "Coupling Physical and Machine Learning Models with High Resolution Information Transfer and Rapid Update Frameworks for Environmental Applications." Diss., Virginia Tech, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/89893.
Full textAbstract:
Few current modeling tools are designed to predict short-term, high-risk runoff from critical source areas (CSAs) in watersheds which are significant sources of non point source (NPS) pollution. This study couples the Soil and Water Assessment Tool-Variable Source Area (SWAT-VSA) model with the Climate Forecast System Reanalysis (CFSR) model and the Global Forecast System (GFS) model short-term weather forecast, to develop a CSA prediction tool designed to assist producers, landowners, and planners in identifying high-risk areas generating storm runoff and pollution. Short-term predictions for streamflow, runoff probability, and soil moisture levels were estimated in the South Fork of the Shenandoah river watershed in Virginia. In order to allow land managers access to the CSA predictions a free and open source software based web was developed. The forecast system consists of three primary components; (1) the model, which preprocesses the necessary hydrologic forcings, runs the watershed model, and outputs spatially distributed VSA forecasts; (2) a data management structure, which converts high resolution rasters into overlay web map tiles; and (3) the user interface component, a web page that allows the user, to interact with the processed output. The resulting framework satisfied most design requirements with free and open source software and scored better than similar tools in usability metrics. One of the potential problems is that the CSA model, utilizing physically based modeling techniques requires significant computational time to execute and process. Thus, as an alternative, a deep learning (DL) model was developed and trained on the process based model output. The DL model resulted in a 9% increase in predictive power compared to the physically based model and a ten-fold decrease in run time. Additionally, DL interpretation methods applicable beyond this study are described including hidden layer visualization and equation extractions describing a quantifiable amount of variance in hidden layer values. Finally, a large-scale analysis of soil phosphorus (P) levels was conducted in the Chesapeake Bay watershed, a current location of several short-term forecast tools. Based on Bayesian inference methodologies, 31 years of soil P history at the county scale were estimated, with the associated uncertainty for each estimate. These data will assist in the planning and implantation of short term forecast tools with P management goals. The short term modeling and communication tools developed in this work contribute to filling a gap in scientific tools aimed at improving water quality through informing land manager's decisions.PHD
30
Sirikijpanichkul, Ackchai. "An agent-based location evaluation model." Thesis, Queensland University of Technology, 2008. https://eprints.qut.edu.au/20672/1/Ackchai_Sirikijpanichkul_Thesis.pdf.
Full textAbstract:
Truck transportation is considered as a favourable mode by shippers to carry freight at most ranges of distance as it has more flexibility in fleet size, capacity, scheduling, routing, and access. Although truck is considered as the popular mode for freight transportation, road-rail intermodal freight transportation becomes an attractive alternative to road only mode since the latter has no longer assured a reliable service due to traffic congestion problem. It also raises public concern in environmental and road safety impacts. Intermodal freight transportation is defined as a system that carries freight from origin to destination using two or more transportation modes where transfers between modes occur at an intermodal freight terminal. Success of the terminal depends on four major factors, namely: location, efficiency, financial sustainability, and rail level of service. Among these, the location is one of the most crucial success factors and needs to be considered carefully as it has direct and indirect impacts on a number of stakeholders including terminal users, terminal operators, transport network infrastructure providers, and community. Limitations of previous terminal location evaluation models in representing individual preference and behaviour as well as accommodating negotiation and communication between the players bring in an opportunity to develop a new model which is more flexible and capable of providing a solution that is not necessary to be optimal, but acceptable for every player without requiring explicit trade-offs. This thesis is aimed at demonstrating the feasibility of applying an agent-based approach to the evaluation of intermodal freight terminal location and investigating terminal effectiveness against stakeholder equity and some important aspects arising from the different stakeholders’ viewpoints. Agent technologies were introduced to model the stakeholders as individual agents. The agent concept was adopted to develop a decentralised location evaluation system that is able to balance the terminal effectiveness with the stakeholder equity. The proposed agent-based location evaluation model was modelled as a hierarchical control system that comprises three decision levels: local level, stakeholder level and policy level. Policy level is the highest decision level, which is represented by a policy maker. Apart from the policy level, the rest can be viewed as operational decision levels. Local level is the lowest control level. At this level, each stakeholder was classified into stakeholder groups based on their characteristics and interest. The terminal scenarios were then evaluated based on benefit maximisation criteria. Stakeholder control is the higher control level than the local level. It represents the control level where negotiations and decisions between groups of people (stakeholders) with different point of views are made. At this level, negotiation process was used to determine terminal location based on preference and equity of stakeholders. The determined terminal site was then used in the evaluation against constraints to ensure that all agents are satisfied. The terminal location decision for South East Queensland (SEQ) was applied as a case study of this thesis. The SEQ strategic freight transport model was developed, calibrated, and validated to assist in providing inputs for the evaluation of terminal location. The results indicated that for the developed agent-based location evaluation model, Yatala was selected as the most appropriate terminal location that results in the highest effectiveness and equity (as measured by level of satisfaction and Gini coefficient, respectively). Other location evaluation models were also used in comparison with the developed agent-based location evaluation model. Those include P-Median, P-Centre, and maximum covering models. It was found that the agent-based location evaluation model outperformed the other location evaluation models. Finally, a sensitivity analysis was conducted in order to evaluate the consistency of model outputs against the uncertainties in the input parameters. In most cases, the terminal location decisions obtained from the developed agent-based location evaluation model was not sensitive to the changes in those parameters. However, the results suggested that when a unit cost of truck travel delay increased, the impact on the final terminal location decisions was observed. This thesis demonstrated the feasibility of applying a decentralised approach to terminal location decision problem using a multi-agent concept and evaluating it against other well-known location problems. A new framework and methodology for the planning of intermodal terminal location evaluation was also formulated. Finally, the problems of terminal location evaluation and optimisation of intermodal freight terminal operation were integrated into a single evaluation model.
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Sirikijpanichkul, Ackchai. "An agent-based location evaluation model." Queensland University of Technology, 2008. http://eprints.qut.edu.au/20672/.
Full textAbstract:
Truck transportation is considered as a favourable mode by shippers to carry freight at most ranges of distance as it has more flexibility in fleet size, capacity, scheduling, routing, and access. Although truck is considered as the popular mode for freight transportation, road-rail intermodal freight transportation becomes an attractive alternative to road only mode since the latter has no longer assured a reliable service due to traffic congestion problem. It also raises public concern in environmental and road safety impacts. Intermodal freight transportation is defined as a system that carries freight from origin to destination using two or more transportation modes where transfers between modes occur at an intermodal freight terminal. Success of the terminal depends on four major factors, namely: location, efficiency, financial sustainability, and rail level of service. Among these, the location is one of the most crucial success factors and needs to be considered carefully as it has direct and indirect impacts on a number of stakeholders including terminal users, terminal operators, transport network infrastructure providers, and community. Limitations of previous terminal location evaluation models in representing individual preference and behaviour as well as accommodating negotiation and communication between the players bring in an opportunity to develop a new model which is more flexible and capable of providing a solution that is not necessary to be optimal, but acceptable for every player without requiring explicit trade-offs. This thesis is aimed at demonstrating the feasibility of applying an agent-based approach to the evaluation of intermodal freight terminal location and investigating terminal effectiveness against stakeholder equity and some important aspects arising from the different stakeholders’ viewpoints. Agent technologies were introduced to model the stakeholders as individual agents. The agent concept was adopted to develop a decentralised location evaluation system that is able to balance the terminal effectiveness with the stakeholder equity. The proposed agent-based location evaluation model was modelled as a hierarchical control system that comprises three decision levels: local level, stakeholder level and policy level. Policy level is the highest decision level, which is represented by a policy maker. Apart from the policy level, the rest can be viewed as operational decision levels. Local level is the lowest control level. At this level, each stakeholder was classified into stakeholder groups based on their characteristics and interest. The terminal scenarios were then evaluated based on benefit maximisation criteria. Stakeholder control is the higher control level than the local level. It represents the control level where negotiations and decisions between groups of people (stakeholders) with different point of views are made. At this level, negotiation process was used to determine terminal location based on preference and equity of stakeholders. The determined terminal site was then used in the evaluation against constraints to ensure that all agents are satisfied. The terminal location decision for South East Queensland (SEQ) was applied as a case study of this thesis. The SEQ strategic freight transport model was developed, calibrated, and validated to assist in providing inputs for the evaluation of terminal location. The results indicated that for the developed agent-based location evaluation model, Yatala was selected as the most appropriate terminal location that results in the highest effectiveness and equity (as measured by level of satisfaction and Gini coefficient, respectively). Other location evaluation models were also used in comparison with the developed agent-based location evaluation model. Those include P-Median, P-Centre, and maximum covering models. It was found that the agent-based location evaluation model outperformed the other location evaluation models. Finally, a sensitivity analysis was conducted in order to evaluate the consistency of model outputs against the uncertainties in the input parameters. In most cases, the terminal location decisions obtained from the developed agent-based location evaluation model was not sensitive to the changes in those parameters. However, the results suggested that when a unit cost of truck travel delay increased, the impact on the final terminal location decisions was observed. This thesis demonstrated the feasibility of applying a decentralised approach to terminal location decision problem using a multi-agent concept and evaluating it against other well-known location problems. A new framework and methodology for the planning of intermodal terminal location evaluation was also formulated. Finally, the problems of terminal location evaluation and optimisation of intermodal freight terminal operation were integrated into a single evaluation model.
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Pignatari, Alessandra Aparecida Calvoso Gomes. "Efeitos processuais no controle judicial de constitucionalidade." Universidade de São Paulo, 2009. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/2/2137/tde-06102010-133203/.
Full textAbstract:
Constante alvo de preocupação dos processualistas, os efeitos das decisões judiciais ganham contornos inovadores e polêmicos no domínio da jurisdição constitucional brasileira. O presente estudo, além de fazer breve incursão sobre as premissas conceituais e classificatórias do controle de constitucionalidade, busca subsídios doutrinários sobre a classificação da sentença à luz dos efeitos que produzem, para, após, sistematizar idéias capazes de eliminar a falta de nitidez que paira sobre muitos dos efeitos produzidos na fiscalização judicial de constitucionalidade. A investigação se debruça sobre quais são esses efeitos, como e quando se operam no processo, o campo pelos quais se estendem e a quem alcançam; tal exame é feito de acordo com as características do controle difuso, incidental e concreto, de um lado, e da fiscalização concentrada, principal e abstrata, de outro. Nessa parte da pesquisa, para além de temas como o da retroatividade da decisão e o da modulação de efeitos, despontam, ainda: (i) a assimilação da súmula vinculante e da repercussão geral como institutos que potencializam a eficácia das decisões; (ii) projeção de efeitos erga omnes por meio de recurso extraordinário; (iii) o efeito vinculante visto como fator de aproximação entre os sistemas da common law e da civil law; (iv) as características do denominado processo objetivo; (v) a força obrigatória dos motivos determinantes do decisório; (vi) natureza dúplice e causa petendi aberta das ações de controle abstrato, entre outros. Ao final, considerando-se os possíveis conflitos entre as decisões editadas no controle difuso e no concentrado, analisa-se o impacto de um processo sobre o outro. Nesse contexto, destaca-se a abordagem da ação rescisória e dos instrumentos previstos nos artigos 475-L, §1º, I e 741, parágrafo único do Código de Processo Civil como possíveis caminhos de revisão da sentença que contraria decisão do Supremo Tribunal Federal em matéria constitucional. Considerações conclusivas de cunho crítico encerram o trabalho.Object of constant concern for Procedural Law authors, the effects of judicial decisions gain new and controversial configurations in the scope of the Brazilian constitutional jurisdiction. This paper, besides presenting a brief overview on the conceptual and classificatory premises of the control of constitutionality, seeks support in legal writings on the classification of the sentences regarding the effects they produce, and then systematizes ideas capable of eliminating the lack of clarity in many of the effects produced in the judicial control of constitutionality. This study looks into such effects, how and when they manifest in the proceeding, the scope to which they extend and who they affect. Such examination is based, on the one hand, on the characteristics of diffuse, incidental and concrete control, and on the other hand, on the main and abstract concentrated control. In this part of the research, besides issues like retroactivity of decision and flexibilization of decision effects, other questions emerge, such as: (i) assimilation of binding precedent and of the general repercussion as potentializing agents of the efficacy of the decisions; (ii) projection of erga omnes effects, by means of extraordinary appeal; (iii) binding effect seen as a factor of approximation between common law and civil law systems; (iv) the characteristics of the so-called objective proceeding; (v) the binding force of the motives that determine the decision; (vi) Double nature and open causa petendi of the actions of abstract control, among others. Finally, considering the possible conflicts between the decisions passed in the diffuse control and in the concentrated control, the impact of one proceeding on the other is analyzed. Accordingly, rescissory action and instruments provided for in articles 475-L, paragraph 1, I and 741, sole paragraph, of the Code of Civil Procedure, are highlighted as possible paths towards revision of sentence, which contradicts decision by the STF (Federal Supreme Court) in constitutional matter. The paper is concluded with critical considerations.
33
Krantz, Erik. "Implementation of Resolution 1325 on a grass-root level : can youth exchange program in south-north direction improve women role as decision maker?" Thesis, Umeå universitet, Statsvetenskapliga institutionen, 2010. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-37326.
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As a result of the proved correlation between gender inequality and armed conflict, the United Nations Security Council approved Resolution 1325 in the year 2000. In the implementation of resolution 1325 it is important to understand which levels and actors that can improve women’s role as decision makers in order to build sustainable peace. This thesis has analyzed the results that the YEPGSN between FENOCIN and SAL has had on the participants ability to improve women’s role as decision makers within FENOCIN and if the participants feels that FENOCIN empowered by the YEPGSN can be an important actor in the process to improve women’s roles in Ecuador from grass-root level. In order to understand the YEPGSN results, a field study was conducted in Ecuador and interviews were done with the participants in the YEPGSN. The empirical material was then tested against Lederachs theory on levels and actors in peace buildings processes in order to understand if the YEPGSN approach could be seen as an effective way to implement the resolution 1325 vision or not. The results showed that the view on women’s role as decision makers among the participants has changed from their experiences in Sweden and that they felt that the YEPGSN had empowered their role within FENOCIN. The participants also felt the they, through FENOCIN, can improve women’s role as decision makers in Ecuador from grass-root level. But that the results must be seen in a long term perspective and that more focus has to be put on implementation of the results. This result was closely linked with the theory on levels and actors in peace building processes. Therefore, the conclusion is that the model of YEPGSN can be seen as a approach to improve women’s role as decision makers on grass-root levels in line with Resolution 1325.C-uppsats i Freds och Konfliktstudier
34
Valverde, Gianpierre, and Nadine Márquez. "Review or not review, there is the dilemma: brief reflections on the impugnability of dispute boards’ decisions on the arbitral route." THĒMIS-Revista de Derecho, 2018. http://repositorio.pucp.edu.pe/index/handle/123456789/123849.
Full textAbstract:
The purpose of this article is to highlight the probable contingencies that could arise as a result of the review of the decisions of the Dispute Boards in the arbitration. To achieve this, the structure of the article is arranged in such a way as to facilitate the understanding of the conclusions.In that sense, first, the nature and function of the Dispute Boards is defined. The classes and advantages offered by these dispute resolution mechanisms are then indicated. Subsequently, the legal provision is analyzed in order to crumble its contents. The article ends with the analysis of the effects generated by reviewing the decisions of the Dispute Boards.El presente artículo tiene la finalidad de evidenciar las probables contingencias que podrían producirse a causa de la revisión de las decisiones de los Dispute Boards en la vía arbitral. Para llegar a ello, la estructura del artículo se encuentra ordenada de tal manera que facilitará la comprensión de las conclusiones.En ese sentido, primero, se define la naturaleza y la función de los Dispute Boards. Luego, se señala las clases y ventajas que ofrecen estos mecanismos de solución de controversias. Posteriormente, se analiza la disposición legal con la finalidad de desmenuzar su contenido. Se finaliza el artículo con la exposición de los efectos producidos a causa de la revisión de estas decisiones.
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Uvelius, Karin. "Gender, Security and Conflict Resolution - a qualitative study of women and men's reasoning of decision-making and use of violence within the Swedish Armed Forces." Thesis, Malmö högskola, Institutionen för globala politiska studier (GPS), 2009. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:mau:diva-23345.
Full textAbstract:
This study sets out to examine how men and women within the Swedish Armed Forces (SAF) reason about decision-making and the use of violence in relation to security and conflict resolution, and whether or not their reasoning differ. The study comprises a qualitative case study whereas the SAF has been identified as a critical case. The research takes off in theoretical fields such as; international relations, gender, security and feminism. With departure in essential-, standpoint- and difference feminism in particular, an analytical framework has been created. The core assumptions in the framework are: women are peaceful and prefer individual decision-making in relation to security and conflict resolution. Men on the contrary are violent and prefer individual decision-making. The validity of these assumptions is tested by ten qualitative interviews with five women and five men within the SAF. The finding of the study is that the SAF appears to socialize a similar behavior amongst their male and female co-workers. Hence, men and women within the forces seem to reason about security and conflict resolution in comparable ways. The feminist assumptions in the analytical framework are thus proven invalid. Nevertheless, the branches of the feminisms that depart from social construction rather than biological determinism are proven correct.
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Ruiz, Luis Fernando Chimelo. "Uma abordagem de classificação da cobertura da terra em imagens obtidas por veículo aéreo não tripulado." reponame:Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da UFRGS, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10183/111857.
Full textAbstract:
Câmaras não métricas acopladas a Veículos Aéreos Não Tripulados (VANT) possibilitam coleta de imagens com alta resolução espacial e temporal. Além disso, o custo de operação e manutenção desses equipamentos são reduzidos. A classificação da cobertura da terra por meio dessas imagens são dificultadas devido à alta variabilidade espectral dos alvos e ao grande volume de dados gerados. Esses contratempos são contornados utilizando Análise de Imagens Baseada em Objetos (Object-Based Image Analysis – OBIA) e algoritmos de mineração de dados. Um algoritmo empregado na OBIA são as Árvores de Decisão (AD). Essa técnica possibilita tanto a seleção de atributos mais informativos quanto a classificação das regiões. Novas técnicas de AD foram desenvolvidas e, nessas inovações, foram inseridas funções para selecionar atributos e para melhorar a classificação. Um exemplo é o algoritmo C5.0, que possui uma função de redução de dados e uma de reforço. Nesse contexto, este trabalho tem como objetivo (i) avaliar o método de segmentação por crescimento de regiões em imagens com altíssima resolução espacial, (ii) determinar os atributos preditivos mais importantes na discriminação das classes e (iii) avaliar as classificações das regiões em relação aos parâmetros de seleção dos atributos (winnow) e de reforço (trial), que estão contidos no algoritmo C5.0. A segmentação da imagem foi efetuada no programa Spring, já as regiões geradas na segmentação foram classificadas pelo modelo de AD C5.0, que está disponível no programa R. Como resultado foi identificado que a segmentação crescimento de regiões possibilitou uma alta correspondência com regiões geradas pelo especialista, resultando em valores de Reference Bounded Segments Booster (RBSB) próximos a 0. Os atributos mais importantes na construção dos modelos por AD foram a razão entre a banda do verde com a azul (r_v_a) e o Modelo Digital de Elevação (MDE). Para o parâmetro de reforço (trial), não foi identificada melhora na acurácia da classificação ao aumentar seu valor. Já o parâmetro winnow possibilitou uma redução no número de atributos preditivos, sem perdas estatisticamente significativas na acurácia da classificação. A função de reforço (trial) não melhorou a classificação da cobertura da terra. Também não foram constatadas diferenças estatisticamente significativas quando winnow selecionado como verdadeiro, mas se encontrou o benefício desse último parâmetro reduzindo a dimensionalidade dos dados. Nesse sentido, este trabalho contribuiu para a classificação da cobertura da terra em imagens coletadas por VANT, uma vez que se desenvolveu algoritmos para automatizar os processos da OBIA e para avaliar a classificação das regiões em relação às funções de reforço (winnow) e de seleção do atributo (winnow) do classificador por árvore de decisão C5.0.Non-metric cameras attached to Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAV) enable collection of images with high spatial and temporal resolution. In addition, the cost of operation and maintenance of equipment are reduced. The land cover classification through these images are hampered due to high spectral variability of the targets and the large volume of data generated. These setbacks are contoured using Image Analysis Based on Objects (OBIA) and data mining algorithms. An algorithm used in OBIA are Decision Trees (AD). This technique allows the selection of the most informative attributes as the classification of regions. New AD techniques have been developed and these innovations, were functions inserted to select attributes and to improve classification. One example is a C5.0 algorithm, which has a data reduction function and of boosting. In this context, this paper aims to (i) evaluate the segmentation method for growing regions in images with high spatial resolution, (ii) determine the most important predictive attributes in the discrimination of classes and (iii) evaluate the classifications of regions regarding the attributes selection parameters (winnow) and boosting (trial), which are contained in the C5.0 algorithm. The image segmentation was performed in Spring program, since the regions generated in segmentation were classified by model C5.0 , which is available in the program R. As a result it was identified that the segmentation by region growing provided a high correlation with regions generated by the expert, resulting in Reference Bounded Segments Booster values (RBSB) near 0. The most important features in the construction of models of decision tree are the ratio between the band of green with the blue (r_v_a) and the Digital Elevation Model (DEM). Was not identified improvement in classification accuracy when was increased value of trial parameter. Already winnow parameter enabled a reduction in the number of predictive attributes, with no statistically significant losses in the accuracy of the classification. The boosting function (trial) did not improve the classification of land cover. Also were not found statistically significant differences when winnow selected as true, but was found the benefit of the latter parameter to reducing the dimensionality of the data. Thus, this work contributed to the land cover classification in images collected by UAV, once that were developed algorithms to automate the processes of integration OBIA and decision tree (C5.0).
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Marshall, G. B., and n/a. "Black and white decision making : a theoretical approach to innovation and the resolution of inter-organizational conflict - with application to a Tasmanian Centre for Continuing Education of Teachers course in aboriginal studies." University of Canberra. Education, 1986. http://erl.canberra.edu.au./public/adt-AUC20060907.100512.
Full textAbstract:
The following study, in examining theoretical
constructs and their practical implications, as
they relate to organization management, innovation,
and ethnicity, notes the inter-relationship of all
aspects of administration. It also recognizes that
organizations are social entities which have a nonrational
component. These non-rational elements
can lead to prejudice, discrimination, and hostility,
particularly across organizations and across
ethnic boundaries.
In the field of education it is contended
that innovation or change is only acceptable where
effective communication across all involved groups
occurs; and in ethnic settings educators must heed
the feelings of the ethnic community accepting that
the community has knowledge about its culture that
they do not possess. Educators are often unprepared,
or unwilling, to do this, hence the move
towards change stagnates, and hostility between the
groups festers. To overcome the stalemate appropriate
cultural forms of communication between the
participating groups must be established.
To demonstrate the application of the various
theories under review, an inter-organizational
conflict situation between the University of Tasmania
and the Tasmanian Aboriginal Education Consultative
Committee was examined. The reasons leading
to the conflict are cited, along with their relevance
to theory, and proposals to overcome the
obstructions facing each group are delineated. In
putting forward these notions there is a realization
that closer bonds must be forged between the
University and the TAECC if the conflict is to be
resolved. To do this it is advocated that the
change strategy, Organization Development, be utilized,
using outside change agents who are acceptable
to both organizations.
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Henriques, Mónica Raquel de Carvalho. "A influência do clima e da estrutura na percepção de eficácia dos membros de parcerias." Master's thesis, Instituto Superior de Psicologia Aplicada, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/10400.12/584.
Full textAbstract:
Dissertação de Mestrado em Psicologia ComunitáriaAs Comissões de Protecção de Crianças e Jovens em Perigo - CPCJ e restantes parcerias fazem parte do panorama da intervenção social quando se pretende intervir em problemas complexos como o bem-estar das crianças, a violência, o abuso de substâncias, a pobreza, entre outros. As parcerias envolvem actores-chave da comunidade, indivíduos e/ou entidades de vários sectores comunitários que se reúnem para responder aos problemas de forma colaborativa e têm vindo a aumentar um pouco por todo o país. No entanto, pouco se sabe, mesmo a nível mundial, sobre a sua eficácia no alcance dos objectivos para os quais são criadas. Deste modo, o interesse e pertinência da investigação nesta área decorre, por um lado, da necessidade de aprofundamento do conhecimento acerca do trabalho desenvolvido pelas parcerias, procurando entender quais os factores que contribuem para a sua eficácia. Por outro lado, é estimulado pela constatação de uma realidade crescente em Portugal, a emergência de parcerias induzidas ou mesmo criadas por lei como são as Comissões de Protecção de Crianças e Jovens. Este trabalho surge enquadrado na investigação, de carácter nacional, desenvolvido pelo Grupo de investigação de Parcerias do Instituto Superior de Psicologia Aplicada. O presente estudo de carácter exploratório analisa quais os elementos do clima e estrutura da parceria que explicam a variação na sua percepção de eficácia. Focaram-se dois elementos da estrutura da parceria, designadamente o leque de membros que participam activamente na parceria e as estruturas formais presentes (e.g. agenda, actas, regulamento de funcionamento, processos estabelecidos de tomada de decisão e resolução de conflitos). Ao nível do clima focaram-se quatro aspectos do clima da parceria, nomeadamente a presença de missão partilhada; a tomada de decisões partilhada; a liderança inclusiva e eficaz; e a resolução de conflitos eficaz. Colocou-se a hipótese de que as parcerias seriam percebidas, pelos membros, como mais eficazes quando tivessem um mais diversificado e activo leque de membros, tivessem mais estruturas formais e tivessem um clima mais inclusivo. Procurou-se ainda perceber qual a relação entre os elementos estruturais e o clima, esperando que os representantes das entidades-membro mais activos percepcionassem o clima como mais inclusivo. A amostra é constituída por seis Comissões de Protecção de Crianças e Jovens da Região Centro do país. Os dados foram recolhidos junto dos líderes (N=8) - através da Entrevista ao Informador-chave - e dos restantes membros (N=73) - através do Questionário de Percepção de Eficácia de Parcerias Comunitárias. Ambos os instrumentos foram traduzidos e adaptados do estudo originai de Allen (2005). A nossa hipótese foi parcialmente confirmada. Verificámos relações fortes entre todos os elementos do clima e a eficácia percebida, mas apenas se verificaram algumas relações entre alguns dos aspectos estruturais e a eficácia. Para a análise dos dados foram utilizadas metodologias qualitativas e quantitativas. Entre os resultados encontrados ressaltam-se correlações positivas estatisticamente significativas com todos os elementos do clima. De uma forma geral a percepção de eficácia está correlacionada com a presença de missão partilhada (rs = +0,51 ; p = 0,001), com as estratégias de resolução de conflitos (r5 = +0,40 ; p = 0,001), com a presença de liderança formal partilhada (rs = +0,30 ; p = 0,018), com a presença de liderança informal partilhada (rs = +0,57 ; p = 0,001), e com alguns itens da escala da tomada de decisão partilhada. Ao nível dos elementos da estrutura, a eficácia revelou estar positivamente correlacionada com a satisfação (rs = +0,55 ; p = 0.001) e o número de actividades em que os membros se envolvem (rs = -0,25 ; p = 0,041). Por outro lado, foram encontradas diferenças estatisticamente significativas na percepção de eficácia entre os membros que têm autoridade para tomar decisões pela entidade que representam e aqueles que não tinham autoridade. Através da regressão múltipla, segundo o método stepwise, verificou-se que a satisfação e a missão partilhada têm uma capacidade preditiva altamente significativa {p < 0.001). A homogeneidade da amostra não permitiu analisar a relação entre alguns elementos estruturais e a percepção de eficácia. Os resultados revelaram que as Comissões são avaliadas como mais eficazes pelos seus membros quando estes percepcionam o clima como mais inclusivo, quando os membros têm autoridade para tomar decisões pelas entidades que representam e quando manifestam maior satisfação.
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Tartarini, Tamburini Tulio. "El principio de no discriminación contenido en la Decisión 578 de la Comunidad Andina de Naciones y las rentas de capital." THĒMIS-Revista de Derecho, 2014. http://repositorio.pucp.edu.pe/index/handle/123456789/109820.
Full textAbstract:
Discrimination concerning taxpayers is often found in every tax system, which allows double tax burden to happen. It is for this reason that agreements such as the Double Taxation conventions and the Andean Community Resolution 578 arise, which refer to the non discrimination principle. In the following article, the author proposes a new way to interpret this non-discrimination principle contained in the Andean Community Resolution 578, analyzing Peru's context and legislation in order to determine how to solve this problem when, for example, there is a differentiated treatment and a consequent unfair taxation to those who domicile abroad.La discriminación de los contribuyentes en el ámbito tributario es un fenómeno que ocurre constantemente y que puede contribuir a que se dé la doble carga fiscal. Es por este motivo que surgen acuerdos como los Convenios para Evitar la Doble Imposición y la Decisión 578 de la Comunidad Andina de Naciones, que hacen referencia al principio de no discriminación. En este artículo, el autor propone una forma de interpretar el principio de no discriminación contenido en la Decisión 578 analizando el contexto y legislación del Perú para determinar cómo solucionar este problema cuando, por ejemplo, en asuntos vinculados a la imposición por domicilio, haya un trato diferenciado.
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Santos, Séfora Junqueira dos. "Um modelo de processo baseado em conhecimento para apoiar a solução extrajudicial de conflitos." Universidade Federal de Alagoas, 2008. http://repositorio.ufal.br/handle/riufal/817.
Full textAbstract:
This research presents the definition of a game model, adapted to represent the alternative
dispute resolution processes, according to which an abstract model is proposed, splitting the
negotiation in steps. By the description of each step, the objectives, and necessary tasks to
achieve them, are identified.
Based on the researches presented, for each step, tasks are identified that could use Artificial
Intelligence techniques, to support negotiators or third neutrals to lead the processes.
Besides the possibilities presented by other authors, related to information retrieval,
argumentation models, negotiation systems, among other subjects, two new approaches are
presented: a conceptualization building system and the use of information filtering for
recommender systemsO trabalho apresenta a definição de um modelo de jogo adaptado para representar os processos de solução extrajudicial de conflitos, a partir do qual propõe-se um modelo abstrato em que o procedimento de solução de conflitos é dividido em etapas. Através da descrição geral de cada etapa, identificam-se os objetivos e as ações necessárias para atingi-los. Com base nas pesquisas apresentadas no enquadramento teórico, para cada etapa são identificadas ações em que técnicas de Inteligência Artificial são ou poderiam ser utilizadas, pelos próprios negociadores ou pelos terceiros neutros, para auxiliá-los na condução do procedimento. Finalmente, além das possibilidades já estudadas ou em estudo por outros autores envolvendo recuperação de informações, modelos de argumentação e sistemas de negociação, entre outros temas, são apresentadas duas novas perspectivas, identificadas ao longo da pesquisa.Tratam da construção de conceitualizações e do uso de filtragem.
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Brossier, David. "Élaboration et validation d'une base de données haute résolution destinée à la calibration d'un patient virtuel utilisable pour l'enseignement et la prise en charge personnalisée des patients en réanimation pédiatrique Perpetual and Virtual Patients for Cardiorespiratory Physiological Studies Creating a High-Frequency Electronic Database in the PICU: The Perpetual Patient Qualitative subjective assessment of a high-resolution database in a paediatric intensive care unit-Elaborating the perpetual patient's ID card Validation Process of a High-Resolution Database in a Pediatric Intensive Care Unit – Describing the Perpetual Patient’s Validation Evaluation of SIMULRESP©: a simulation software of child and teenager cardiorespiratory physiology." Thesis, Normandie, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019NORMC428.
Full textAbstract:
La complexité des patients de réanimation justifie le recours à des systèmes d’aide à la décision thérapeutique. Ces systèmes rassemblent des protocoles automatisés de prise en charge permettant le respect des recommandations et des simulateurs physiologiques ou patients virtuels, utilisables pour personnaliser de façon sécuritaire les prises en charge. Ces dispositifs fonctionnant à partir d’algorithmes et d’équations mathématiques ne peuvent être développés qu’à partir d’un grand nombre de données de patients. Le principal objectif de cette thèse était la mise en place d’une base de données haute résolution automatiquement collectée de patients de réanimation pédiatrique dont le but sera de servir au développement et à la validation d’un simulateur physiologique : SimulResp© . Ce travail présente l’ensemble du processus de mise en place de la base de données, du concept jusqu’à son utilisationThe complexity of the patients in the intensive care unit requires the use of clinical decision support systems. These systems bring together automated management protocols that enable adherence to guidelines and virtual physiological or patient simulators that can be used to safely customize management. These devices operating from algorithms and mathematical equations can only be developed from a large number of patients’ data. The main objective of the work was the elaboration of a high resolution database automatically collected from critically ill children. This database will be used to develop and validate a physiological simulator called SimulResp© . This manuscript presents the whole process of setting up the database from concept to use
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Nancel, Mathieu. "Designing and combining mid-air interaction techniques in large display environments." Phd thesis, Université Paris Sud - Paris XI, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00772458.
Full textAbstract:
Large display environments (LDEs) are interactive physical workspaces featuring one or more static large displays as well as rich interaction capabilities, and are meant to visualize and manipulate very large datasets. Research about mid-air interactions in such environments has emerged over the past decade, and a number of interaction techniques are now available for most elementary tasks such as pointing, navigating and command selection. However these techniques are often designed and evaluated separately on specific platforms and for specific use-cases or operationalizations, which makes it hard to choose, compare and combine them.In this dissertation I propose a framework and a set of guidelines for analyzing and combining the input and output channels available in LDEs. I analyze the characteristics of LDEs in terms of (1) visual output and how it affects usability and collaboration and (2) input channels and how to combine them in rich sets of mid-air interaction techniques. These analyses lead to four design requirements intended to ensure that a set of interaction techniques can be used (i) at a distance, (ii) together with other interaction techniques and (iii) when collaborating with other users. In accordance with these requirements, I designed and evaluated a set of mid-air interaction techniques for panning and zooming, for invoking commands while pointing and for performing difficult pointing tasks with limited input requirements. For the latter I also developed two methods, one for calibrating high-precision techniques with two levels of precision and one for tuning velocity-based transfer functions. Finally, I introduce two higher-level design considerations for combining interaction techniques in input-constrained environments. Designers should take into account (1) the trade-off between minimizing limb usage and performing actions in parallel that affects overall performance, and (2) the decision and adaptation costs incurred by changing the resolution function of a pointing technique during a pointing task.
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Silva, Italo Carlo Lopes. "Uma solução para apoiar processos de desenvolvimento centrado na arquitetura." Universidade Federal de Alagoas, 2014. http://www.repositorio.ufal.br/handle/riufal/1614.
Full textAbstract:
The success of a software project is strongly related with architectural design. However, designing the right Software Architecture is a very subjective task and takes a long time, being much influenced by architect's experience and the quality of requirements engineering. This architectural knowledge, usually, is not documented, since it is considered tacit knowledge of architects or other stakeholders, and eventually dissipates. It is also essentially important to ensure the consistency between software architecture and implementation. However, this mapping is usually made manually, based only on the developer's understanding over the software architecture, which requires high discipline. Thus, errors can arise during this phase, compromising the consistency amongst architectural decisions and source code. The objective of this work is to present a tool-based solution that supports young architects by recommending a suitable architectural style, based on the system's requirements, particularly the quality attributes of the system. The tool encompasses both trade-o resolution over quality attributes and recommendation of architectural styles based on quality attributes. Finally, based on the recommended architecture, the tool will generate the system structural source-code, using a component implementation model called COSMOS*, providing traceability between architectural design and implementation. The proposed solution has been evaluated in the context of a specific domain of Learning Management System (LMS), in order to illustrate the tool support in the execution of an architectural design process.O sucesso de um projeto de software está fortemente relacionado com o projeto arquitetural. No entanto, projetar a arquitetura de software correta é uma tarefa muito subjetiva e leva muito tempo, sendo muito influenciada pela experiência do arquiteto e a qualidade da engenharia de requisitos. Este conhecimento arquitetural, geralmente, não está documentado, uma vez que é considerado o conhecimento tácito dos arquitetos ou dos interessados, e, eventualmente, se dissipa. Também é essencialmente importante assegurar a consistência entre a arquitetura de software e a implementação. No entanto, esse mapeamento é feito manualmente na maioria das vezes, baseado apenas no entendimento do desenvolvedor sobre a arquitetura, exigindo disciplina por parte dele. Assim, erros podem surgir durante esta fase, comprometendo a consistência entre as decisões arquiteturais e o código fonte. Em face destas dificuldades, foi desenvolvido este trabalho, cujo o objetivo é apresentar uma ferramenta que apoie jovens arquitetos com a recomendação de um estilo arquitetural adequado, baseado nos requisitos do sistema, particularmente os atributos de qualidade do sistema. A ferramenta compreende tanto resolução trade-off sobre os atributos de qualidade e recomendação de estilos arquiteturais com base em atributos de qualidade. Por fim, com base na arquitetura recomendada, a ferramenta irá gerar o código estrutural do sistema, utilizando um modelo de implementação de componente chamado COSMOS*, proporcionando rastreabilidade entre projeto arquitetural e a implementação. A solução proposta foi avaliada no contexto de um domínio específico dos Ambientes Virtuais e Aprendizagem (AVA), a m de ilustrar o suporte da ferramenta na execução de um processo de projeto arquitetural.
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Damiani, Gerson Denis Silvestre Duarte. "Teoria dos jogos e relações internacionais: estratégias da governança mercantil global. Uma análise da convenção das Nações Unidas para os contratos de compra e venda internacional de mercadorias à luz de sua vinculação ao Brasil." Universidade de São Paulo, 2014. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/101/101131/tde-08102014-171811/.
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A presente tese evidencia o estado da arte da Teoria Jogos nas Relações Internacionais, e analisa estratégias de negociação decorrentes de processos decisórios no âmbito comercial. Ao delimitar - em tempo e espaço - a trajetória da Governança Mercantil Global, confere-se posição de destaque à Convenção de Viena de 1980 (CISG), regime dotado de ampla legitimidade, concebido sob a égide das Nações Unidas e recém ratificado pelo Brasil. A análise do referido processo de vinculação dá-se a partir de instrumentos metodológicos conferidos pela Teoria dos Jogos, culminado com a apresentação dos limites do modelo e de alternativas viáveis para seu desenvolvimento.The present thesis sheds light on contemporary game theoretical approaches in International Relations, in particular as they pertain to the role of strategy setting in cross-border trade. The study of Global Trade Governance leads to questions of regime legitimacy, culminating with the adoption of the 1980 United Nations Vienna Convention on Contracts for the International Sale of Goods (CISG), recently ratified by Brazil. The analysis of the aforementioned ratification process validates the threshold of game theory as its stands today, and proposes, on the other hand, viable alternatives for the development of the model.
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Chen, Yu-Nung, and 陳禹農. "An Empirical Analysis of the Supreme Court Decisions on Shareholders’Suits and the Defective Resolutions of Shareholders’Meetings." Thesis, 2010. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/75952017175285301154.
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Rachelson, Emmanuel. "Temporal Markov Decision Problems : Formalization and Resolution." Phd thesis, 2009. http://oatao.univ-toulouse.fr/17988/1/Rachelson_17988..pdf.
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This thesis addresses the question of planning under uncertainty within a time-dependent changing environment. Original motivation for this work came from the problem of building an autonomous agent able to coordinate with its
uncertain environment; this environment being composed of other agents communicating their intentions or non-controllable processes for which some discrete-event model is available. We investigate several approaches for modeling continuous time-dependency in the framework of Markov Decision Processes (MDPs), leading us to a definition of Temporal Markov Decision Problems. Then our approach focuses on two separate paradigms. First, we investigate time-dependent problems as \emph{implicit-event} processes and describe them through the formalism of Time-dependent MDPs (TMDPs). We extend the existing results concerning optimality equations and present a new Value Iteration algorithm based on piecewise polynomial function representations in order to solve a more general class of TMDPs. This paves the way to a more general discussion on parametric actions in hybrid state and action spaces MDPs with continuous time. In a second time, we investigate the
option of separately modeling the concurrent contributions of exogenous events. This approach of \emph{explicit-event} modeling leads to the use of Generalized Semi-Markov Decision Processes (GSMDP). We establish a link between the general framework of Discrete Events Systems Specification (DEVS) and the formalism of GSMDP, allowing us to build sound discrete-event compatible simulators. Then we introduce a simulation-based Policy Iteration approach for
explicit-event Temporal Markov Decision Problems. This algorithmic contribution brings together results from simulation theory, forward search in MDPs, and statistical learning theory. The implicit-event approach was tested on a
specific version of the Mars rover planning problem and on a drone patrol mission planning problem while the explicit-event approach was evaluated on a subway network control problem.
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Evans, Ann. "Motherhood or abortion: pregnancy resolution decisions of Australian teenagers." Phd thesis, 2001. http://hdl.handle.net/1885/46846.
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Australia has a lower teenage fertility rate than other industrialised English-speaking countries. However, with over 11,000 births and 12,000 abortions to teenagers each year, the resolution of teenage pregnancy is an issue faced by many young Australian women. ¶ This research seeks to explore the factors that discriminate between those who terminate and those who continue a teenage pregnancy. To achieve this aim a survey was conducted on young ever-pregnant women throughout New South Wales and the Australian Capital Territory. The survey sought information on young women’s characteristics on three different levels: individual; institutional; and societal or cultural. ¶ The findings suggest that, at each of the three levels proposed, there are factors that discriminate between young women who choose abortion and those who choose motherhood. At the individual level, attitudes to abortion and career aspirations were found to affect pregnancy resolution. At the institutional level factors relating to education, family, relationships and religion were found to discriminate between the two groups. Finally, at the cultural level, ethnicity and area of residence were found to be associated with pregnancy resolution, in addition to modifying the effect of characteristics at other levels.
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Yueh-Hsiang, Lin, and 林岳祥. "Uncertainty Resolution under Truncation: Applications on the Investment Decision." Thesis, 1999. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/97099079652468355318.
Full textAbstract:
碩士國立臺灣大學
財務金融學研究所
87
Uncertainty Resolution Theory is an extensive of the Optimal Stopping Theory, introduced by Snell(1952). The applications in the financial and economic field are about investment or innovation decisions, firstly appeared in Jensen (1982), and generalized in McCardle(1985). This paper follows McCardle's model, and considers the assumption that the decision period is truncated in fixed numbers. We show that no matter what the curvature of profit function is, the value of collection information is higher when the prior anticipated return is more close to zero. Therefore, the sufficient and necessary condition about the existence of the continuation region is that the value of collection information on the break-even point is strictly positive. Cash inflow and the curvature of profit function only affect the position of break-even point but not the condition. Besides, under the characteristic of uncertainty resolution model, the existence condition is irrelevant in the number of periods, and the firm's optimal strategy is still conic-shaped.
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Chen, Shuo-Yen, and 陳碩彥. "Fast mode decision for H.264 non-dyadic resolution transcoding." Thesis, 2013. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/82895281575190596097.
Full textAbstract:
碩士國立中央大學
通訊工程學系在職專班
101
The rapid growth of smart phones and tablets bring the revolution of mobile communication, especially mobile video applications played on all sorts of mobile devices. The technology for multi-screen supporting is one of the top issues in promoting mobile video applications. How to play TV programs, video clips, and movies on different display devices with fast transcoding speed and flawless playback is under developing. The conventional H.264 resolution transcoding that decodes an H.264 bit stream and re-encodes it to a different resolution needs a large amount of processing power. In particular, the processing time is increasing when downsizing transcoding is processed on the high resolution video. The objective of this work is to develop a fast mode decision algorithm for non-dyadic resolution transcoding. It is based on the feature and correlation between the high and low resolution videos to reduce the complexity of the H.264 transcoding. This algorithm is location dependent. Namely, the corresponding area in the high resolution video to a low resolution block is analyzed and the relationship can be used to determine if some of the sub-macro block modes can be skipped. And the mode information of the macro block in high resolution video can be used to determine if only the macro block modes of the low resolution video are performed. The experimental results running under JM15.1 reference software show that the proposed algorithm can reduce the transcoding time significantly while keeping the video quality.
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LIANG, JUI-WEN, and 梁瑞玟. "A Research on STLC Panel Decisions and Domain Name Dispute Resolution Mechanism." Thesis, 2010. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/10412315756995600775.
Full textAbstract:
碩士東吳大學
法律學系
98
It has been 9 years since the Domain Name Dispute Resolution Mechanism was successfully carried out by STLC and TBA, the two organizations recognized by TWNIC. As a result, a fair amount of disputed cases are solved and related applicable decisions are made, which also contributed to building up the credibility of the Domain Name Dispute Resolution Mechanism in Taiwan. Meanwhile, in order to provide precise criteria for judgment on disputed cases and to earn the trust from complaints or registrants, it’s indispensable to sort out all the solved cases and classify them. Hereby, based on analyzing 97 decided domain name disputed cases solved by the STLC through domain name disputed proceedings before March 2010 and the Article 5 of the Domain Name Resolution Policy, the purpose of this thesis aims to organize, to generalize and to compare all the opinions held by different panels. I’ve also provided my personal opinions from my related practice experiences — trademark and domain name in this thesis, and hope to clear up the elements of the grounds of complaints on one hand and draw a conclusion more from a practical point of view than the one from the theory on the other hand. There are 6 chapters in this thesis. Chapter one, Introduction, includes the motivation, purpose and the scope for this research. In Chapter two, the meanings of domain name, domain name disputes and some relevant questions will be discussed. In Chapter three, aside from introducing the procedures of the practice of the Domain Name Dispute Resolution Mechanism, I will also discuss the important articles of the TWNIC Domain Name Dispute Resolution Policy and its Rules. Chapter four is the core of this thesis, which contains the case study on controversial disputes and the discussion on grounds of claims. I will have the domain name disputed cases examined under the three grounds for complaint and also summarize the related opinions from the panel. The purpose of Chapter four is to generalize a proper common interpretation for the elements of the grounds of complaints, and hopefully this thesis can be used as reference book for further research studies. Chapter five contains the summaries of 97 decided domain name disputed cases solved by the STLC, in which I will compare the differences between the opinions from the majority and the minority. In this Chapter, through out the comparison, the main issues have come out. Finally, Chapter 6 is the conclusion and the recommendation of this research. I hope my study will bring up more valuable opinions from others, and gradually the Domain Name Dispute Resolution Mechanism can be worked out as perfect as it can be.