Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Résonance magnétique nucléaire fonctionnelle RMNf'
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Baligand, Céline. "De la visualisation directe de traitements à l'évaluation fonctionnelle du muscle strié squelettique : une approche intégrative par RMN in vivo." Paris 11, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009PA112067.
Full textThis work deals with the development of non-invasive NMR tools at 4T dedicated to the study of skeletal muscle function and therapies. The first part includes a review of cell therapy imaging technics. We explored the possibility of using direct loading with MR contrast agents: gadolinium chelates (Gd-DTPA) and iron oxide particles (SPIOs). A xenograft model was used to take advantage of the rapid rejection process. In this way, we evaluated the capacity of each agent to strictly reflect the status of the graft in vivo. Loaded human myoblasts were injected in the leg of immunocompetent mice and Tl weighted imaging was regularly performed until 3 months after injection. Results showed that SPIOs could dramatically overestimate cell surviving while Gd-DTPA was visible only few weeks after cells rejection. We concluded that SPIOs could hardly be recommended for long-term monitoring studies. The second part describes the classic NMR tools for perfusion and energy metabolism measurement. We compared one-compartment and two- compartment models for the calculation of perfusion. In a simulation study, we tested the validity of the one compartment model at 4T in our experimental conditions. In the third part, we proposed a new method to explore both perfusion and energy metabolism in vivo in exercising mouse leg. ³¹P-NMR spectroscopy and ASL-perfusion imaging were interleaved so that in a single exam both vascular and energetic responses were obtained. The strategy we use dis based on the repetition of several successive exercises and the gated summation of results. Improved coefficients of variation allowed for a better estimate of mitochondrial oxidative capacities. We then used our method to investigate perfusion and metabolism changes in different models of muscle hypertrophy: myostatin knock-out and myostatin blockade using follistatin coding plasmid electrotransfer
Truflandier, Lionel. "Détermination de paramètres RMN par la théorie de la fonctionnelle de la densité : application aux éléments 3d en RMN de l'état solide." Nante, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007NANT2083.
Full textBesides Zeeman levels perturbation, nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (NMR) applied to solid state allows the observation of numerous coupling interactions that are not accessible in liquid state. Despite sequential developments for high resolution measurements, interpretation of resonance spectra remains delicate. .
Agez, Morgane. "Etude structurale et fonctionnelle de la protéine chaperon d'histones Asf1." Paris 6, 2008. https://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00268886.
Full textBlanc, Jordy. "Modifications métaboliques lors de l'activation cérébrale : suivi par spectroscopie de résonance magnétique nucléaire du proton et du carbone 13." Thesis, Bordeaux, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018BORD0336/document.
Full textLactate has been considered as a waste metabolite for many years. However, this vision has been reconsidered recently, with the appearance of the notion of aerobic glycolysis and lactate shuttles in different cell types (muscle, brain, and sperm). Concerning the brain, in vitro, ex vivo and in vivo studies carried out over the last 20 years have shown, on the one hand, that astrocytes produce lactate and, on the other hand, that lactate can be an energetic substrate for the central nervous system (CNS), and more particularly neurons. This lactate shuttle between astrocyte and neuron was first proposed in 1994 by Pellerin and Magistretti (called ANLS, for astrocyte-neuron lactate shuttle). Despite many studies since then, the existence of a net transfer of lactate between astrocytes and neurons has still not been demonstrated in vivo. In this regard, visualization of lactate production in vivo in the activated brain is essential. The role of lactate transporters, MCTs (Monocarboxylate Transporters), in detecting this signal is also a key issue. The objective of this thesis was to develop in vivo NMR spectroscopy located in the somato-sensory cortex of rats under brain activation conditions. First, experiments were carried out to develop the neural stimulation protocol and to obtain a sufficient signal-to-noise ratio to be able to quantify lactate. Once the protocol was established on control rats, the study was performed on genetically modified rats and down-regulated for MCT, either neuronal or astrocytic. The aim was to determine whether this key partner of the ANLS has an influence on lactate fluctuations during brain activation. In addition to in vivo proton spectroscopy and functional MRI, carbon-13 NMR studies were performed ex vivo. The major result of this thesis shows that in the absence of the neuronal lactate transporter, not only is the increase in lactate lost during brain stimulation but the BOLD signal on the fMRI is also lost. This result suggests, for the first time, that neural activity is highly dependent on the lactate transporter
Boudet, Julien. "Etude RMN structurale et fonctionnelle de macromolécules biologiques impliquées dans des modulations de pathogénicité bactérienne et virale." Université Joseph Fourier (Grenoble), 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007GRE10215.
Full textAt the cellular level, a continually regulated communication must be maintained between internai control centers (in charge of biological macromolecules production and management) and the peripheral receptors (extra or intracellular) starting points of the response. This process is dedicated to the living organism integrity preservation. Decoding the molecular steps required to explain complicated interaction mechanisms (like signal transduction requires the use of powerful biophysical tools, as they are able to provide appropriate information for the building of integrated physiological or pathological models. Thus, three complementary biophysical methods (isothermal titration calorimetry, nuclear magnetic resonance and fluorescence) were analyzed in terms of investigation strategy and limitations. Two projects linked to bacterial and viral pathogenicity modulations were subsequently treated. One ofthem, the phenomenon ofbacterial resistance to antibiotics, was approached according to two different angles. First ofall, several NMR experiments were performed to improve the current knowledge ofmolecular details constituting the signal transduction processes responsible for the destruction ofbeta-lactams antibiotics. More particularly, the lack ofrepression of genes encoding for the beta-lactamase was studied. Ln a second approach, new protein targets were searched and the solution structure oh new protein was solved. Acquired results and deduced models are displayed in this manuscript. To finish, a study combining genetic engineering, NMR, crystallography and in vivo fluorescence was intended to break through an understanding of the inter-species transmissibility phenomenon of the influenza virus at the atomic level (notably thanks to the first high-resolution structure of the C-terminal ITagment of the PB2 subunit of the viral irifluenza polymerase)
El, Antak Latifa. "Analyse génomique fonctionnelle par RMN de cytochromes c3 de la Bactérie Desulfovibrio vulgaris Hildenborough." Aix-Marseille 1, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004AIX11030.
Full textLefèvre, Julien. "Etude structurale et fonctionnelle de la protéine HasB, impliquée dans l'acquisition de l'hème chez Serratia marcescens." Paris 6, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007PA066463.
Full textIn Gram negative bacteria, some molecules such as siderophores or heme must be actively transported through the outer membrane. This transport requires outer membrane receptors which interact and internalize the ligand through the membrane. This transport requires the inner membrane protein TonB, which interacts with these receptors through a globular domain named periplasmic domain. In addition to the TonB protein, the Gram negative bacteria Serratia marcescens possesses a supplementary TonB-like protein called HasB. This protein is a component of the hemophore-dependent heme acquisition system of S. Marcescens. This system involves a soluble extracellular protein that acquires free or hemoprotein-bound heme and delivers it to a specific outer membrane receptor (HasR). In S. Marcescens both HasB and TonB are active for heme uptake via the HasR receptor. However, HasB can not replace TonB for the others TonB-dependent processes. There is a great deal of evidence that HasB behaves as a specific TonB-like protein dedicated to heme uptake through the HasR receptor. In order to understand the basis of this specificity, NMR structural study of the periplasmic domain of HasB was carried out. Cloning, expression and purification steps of an isotopically labeled sample were optimized. Heteronuclear 3D spectra analysis enabled us to assign backbone and side chain resonances and to localize secondary structure elements. Additionally, the HasB-HasR interaction was studied by ITC microcalorimetry in order to characterize the specificity of this interaction
Mas, Guillaume. "Etude structurale et fonctionnelle par RMN d'une chaperonine de 1 MDa en action." Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes (ComUE), 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015GREAV036/document.
Full textChaperonins are essential molecular chaperons for the refolding of proteins in the cells. Size and complexity of these biological machineries make complex the study of their structural and functional properties. NMR spectroscopy offers an unique ability to monitor structural and dynamic changes in real-time and at atomic resolution. However, the NMR studies of large proteins and complexes has been a real challenge for a long time. In the first part of this thesis, it has been shown that the combination of methyl specific labeling, optimized NMR spectroscopy for large assemblies and electron microscopy can be used to monitor the different states of the functional cycle of a 1 MDa chaperonin. To study this mechanism, the native chaperonin was reconstituted with a labeling of the methionines and valines methyl groups. Methionines residues have been used as probes to identify the NMR spectra corresponding to intermediates states and active species of the functional cycle. Thanks to theses probes, it has been possible to follow in real time the structural rearrangements corresponding to the different conformations of the chaperonin during its functional cycle. The second part deals with the characterization of the interaction between the chaperonin and an unfolded protein. Observation of the stabilization of the unfolded protein by the chaperonin allowed to identify the holdase activity of the chaperonin. Using a clever combination of a differential methyl labeling and optimized NMR spectroscopy for large assemblies, it has been possible to follow the refolding of the unfolded protein by the chaperonin and the effects of the unfolded protein on the functional cycle of the chaperonin in action
ROTH, MURIEL. "Développements méthodologiques en imagerie d'activation cérébrale chez l'homme par résonance magnétique nucléaire : quantification de flux, imagerie de l'effet BOLD et correction des mouvements de la tête." Université Joseph Fourier (Grenoble), 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998GRE10016.
Full textFrenal, Karine. "Caractérisation structurale et fonctionnelle de TgDRE : une enzyme de réparation de l' ADN du parasite Toxoplasma gondii." Paris 6, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006PA066031.
Full textGalloux, Marie. "Etude fonctionnelle et structurale d' un peptide impliqué dans le mécanisme d' entrée d' un virus non enveloppé." Paris 6, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006PA066035.
Full textVernhes, Emeline. "Maturation de la capside du bactériophage T5 : étude structurale et fonctionnelle de la protéine de décoration pb10." Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016SACLS465/document.
Full textBacteriophage T5, a lytic phage which infects the bacterium Escherichia coli, is composed of an icosahedral capsid containing a double stranded DNA and a tail responsible for DNA transfer into the host cell cytoplasm. The capsid and the tail are assembled separately and then connected to form infectious viruses. The T5 capsid is first assembled as an empty procapsid composed of 775 copies of the major head protein organized in hexamers on the faces and pentamers on the vertices of the icosahedron. A single vertex is occupied by the portal protein which forms an entry channel for DNA. DNA is packaged through the portal channel by a molecular motor thus triggering procapsid expansion. The DNA-filled capsid is then decorated by the protein pb10 which binds on the outer surface in the center of each hexamer, and closed by the connector protein p144 needed for tail attachment.The goals of my PhD were to characterize the structure, function and mechanisms of capsid binding of both pb10 and p144 proteins. I have produced and purified the head completion protein p144 for future exploration of its structure and capsid binding properties. I have solved the solution structure of the decoration protein pb10 by nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR), thus unravelling that pb10 has two domains. The alpha-helical N-terminal domain binds to the capsid and the immunoglobulin-like C-terminal domain is exposed to the environment. Surface plasmon resonance (SPR) showed that that pb10 attachment to the T5 capsid is quasi-irreversible with a picomolar affinity. Site-directed mutagenesis of the binding domain of pb10 suggested that the decoration mechanism is driven by both hydrophobic and electrostatic interactions. Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and fluorescence thermal shift assays (FTSA) demonstrated the role of the decoration protein in capsid stabilization. I have also demonstrated that a large protein can be fused to the C-terminal end of pb10 without affecting its high affinity for the T5 capsid. Capsids can thus be functionalized with a protein of interest fused to pb10. Possible applications of this work include antigen presentation for new vaccines
Grenier, Benjamin. "Spectroscopie théorique : description des effets de la température sur les paramètres de résonance magnétique nucléaire." Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017AIXM0494/document.
Full text- Our objective is to define a theoretical methodology, which allows to simulate the Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) spectra taking into account the temperature effects, in order to propose a help to the interpretation of the more relevant experimental results.- To deal with the description of the temperature effects on the NMR parameters, we have studied azacalixarenes, which are cyclic oligomers of phenol units linked together by nitrogen bridges. These molecules have a calyx shape, hence their name azacalixarenes. By this cavity these molecules can capture different types of compounds and are used in the host-guest chemistry field.- A wide variety of substituents can be attached to these azacalixarenes. Experimentally, one can easily follow the structure variations effects, at the level of physicochemical properties by NMR.- For this reason, we first investigated the geometric description of azacalixarenes as a function of different substituents and different isomers using the Density Functional Theory, so without taking into account the temperature. - Then, we simulated the NMR parameters of these systems using the Density Functional Theory. This is to calculate the azacalixarenes NMR spectrum in the ground state.- FInally, by performing molecular dynamics simulations using Molecular Mechanics, we were able to take into account the temperature effects. We were able to simulate the NMR parameters of these systems taking now into account the effects of temperature
Van, de moortele Pierre-françois. "Irm fonctionnelle cérébrale à 3 Tesla : développements méthodologiques." Paris 11, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999PA11T018.
Full textThe aim of this work is to optimize functional studies of the human brain on a whole body 3 Tesla MRI scanner. A number of artifacts were to be fixed, mainly related to the Echo Planar Imaging sequence, which affords extremely fast acquisition rates, but is highly sensitive to strong artifacts (distortion, ghost image) and produces a high level of noise. These effects are even worsened at high magnetic field values. We proposed, validated and implemented sorne original methodological approaches to attenuate some artifacts and improve the quality of fMRI studies conducted in the laboratory. We have implemented a correction procedure for image distortions (from P. Jezzard) that we have validated on cerebral activation measurements. To suppress the ghost image, which is characteristic of Echo Planar Imaging, we modified a double sampling technique (from Yang), for continuous phase encoding Echo Planar Imaging, and we wrote a specifie algorithm needed for image reconstruction. To present auditory stimuli in the context of the high level of noise, we designed two modified Echo Planar sequences with the insertion of silent periods to present verbal material to the subject. One sequence is dedicated for blocked design experiments, the other for event-elated paradigms. The modified sequences were also validated in phantom studies. After having shown that sarnpling the brain slice by slice over time produced significant bias in images analysis, we have developed and implemented a correction algorithm to interpolate samples on the first slice acquisition time for each brain volume. Head motions are one of the main sources of unsuccessful fMRI studies. To measure the head position in the magnet, we demonstrate the feasibility of a method based on non proton fiducial markers, the position of which is measured by projections interleaved in the Echo Planat imaging scheme
Delaforge, Elise. "Dynamique structurale et fonctionnelle du domaine C-terminal de la protéine PB2 du virus de la grippe A." Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes (ComUE), 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015GREAV037/document.
Full textThe ability of avian influenza viruses to cross the species barrier and become dangerously pathogenic to mammalian hosts represents a major threat for human health. In birds the viral replication is carried out in the intestine at 40°C, while in humans it occurs in the cooler respiratory tract at 33°C. It has been shown that temperature adaption of the influenza virus occurs through numerous mutations in the viral polymerase, in particular in the C-terminal domain 627-NLS of the PB2 protein. This domain has already been shown to participate in host adaptation and is involved in importin alpha binding and therefore is required for entry of the viral polymerase into the nucleus [Tarendeau et al., 2008]. Crystallographic structures are available for 627-NLS and the complex importin alpha/NLS, however, a steric clash between importin alpha and the 627 domain becomes apparent when superimposing the NLS domain of the two structures, indicating that another conformation of 627-NLS is required for binding to importin alpha [Boivin and Hart, 2011]. Here we investigate the molecular basis of inter-species adaptation by studying the structure and dynamics of human and avian 627-NLS. We have identified two conformations of 627-NLS in slow exchange (10-100 s-1), corresponding to an apparently open and closed conformation of the two domains. We show that the equilibrium between closed and open conformations is strongly temperature dependent. We propose that the open conformation of 627-NLS is the only conformation compatible with binding to importin alpha and that the equilibrium between closed and open conformations may play a role as a molecular thermostat, controlling the efficiency of viral replication in the different species. The kinetics and domain dynamics of this important conformational behaviour and of the interaction between 627-NLS and importin alpha have been characterized using nuclear magnetic resonance chemical shifts, paramagnetic relaxation enhancement, spin relaxation and chemical exchange saturation transfer, in combination with X-ray and neutron small angle scattering and Förster resonance energy transfer. Also, we have determined the affinities of various evolutionnary mutants of 627-NLS to importin alpha and of avian and human 627-NLS to different isoforms of importin alpha, showing that the observed affinities are coherent with the preferred interactions seen in vivo
Cuny, Jérôme. "RMN du solide et modélisation : outils convergents pour le développement de nouveaux matériaux." Rennes 1, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010REN1S067.
Full textThis thesis is devoted to the study of molybdenum (Mo) cluster compounds using an approach that combines solid-state ⁹⁵MoNMR and quantum calculations. The solid-state NMR spectroscopy and the measurement tools that were used are presented in the first part. The theoretical aspects related to the quantum calculation of NMR parameters in periodic systems are described. The validation of the computational methods used in the case of model Mo compounds: ternary molybdates and the Mo hexacarbonyl. The study of Mo cluster compounds is then presented. We present the validation of the computational methods and the experimental approaches used in the case of the ⁹⁵Mo nucleus for six model compounds. The study of compounds that present structural indetermination is then presented. The last part is devoted to the study of oxide compounds : a family of compounds that contain the cluster Mo₃O₁₃, NaMo₄O₆ and the compounds AR₉Mo₁₆ O₃₅ (A = Li, Mg, Zn and R = rare-earth) that present the cluster Mo16
Bailac, Laura. "Composés organiques fluorés : Étude par RMN multinoyaux {1H, 13C, 19F} et calculs DFT." Rouen, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016ROUES008.
Full textFor more than 40 years, fluorinated compounds have become increasingly important in the field of pharmaceutical, food chemistry and polymers. The knowledge of the 3D structure of those compounds can be of great importance especially in the case of molecule interaction studies. NMR is the most powerful method for the structural characterization of synthetic and natural compounds. Moreover, fluorine 19 owns remarkable magnetic properties which make it an interesting probe for the structural characterization of fluorinated organic compounds by NMR. During this project, a thorough structural study of fluorinated compounds by NMR and DFT has been realized. Recent NMR experiments, using selective pulses and encoding gradient such as the 1D Pure Shift and 2D G-SERF experiments, helped extract very accurate spectroscopic data such as chemical shifts and homo- and heteronuclear scalar coupling constants. Those spectroscopic data have been then completed by structural data such as internuclear distances and dihedral angles obtained by DFT geometry optimization of those compounds. In the second part of this work, the data obtained by NMR were used to develop a DFT computational model using a benchmark to predict, from the 3D structure, the heteronuclear coupling constants nJHF. This model also allows to determine the different contributions composing the scalar coupling. The access to each contribution's weight for a given coupling allows a better understanding of the mechanism of coupling's transmission, in particular in the case of long distance scalar couplings
Guerrin, Clément. "Etude des propriétés de commutation de composés en série indolino-oxazolidine par spectroscopie RMN et calculs DFT." Thesis, Lille 1, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018LIL1R024/document.
Full textMolecular systems studied here present an indolino-oxazolidine (Box) moiety and an ethylenic junction (linked to a thienyl residue – Box simple) which are both chemically and photochemically switchable between two states. The switching reactions were followed in solution by 1H NMR spectroscopy in order to characterize the different metastable states. Opening of the Box moiety can be triggered upon acidification or by UV irradiation in chloroform and the reaction is reversible upon neutralization with base. Whatever the closed/open state of the Box moiety is, ethylenic junction trans cis isomerization is photochemically driven by 436 nm irradiation, whereas the reverse reaction is thermally spontaneous. Compounds with two Box moieties and two ethylenic junction linked together by a phenyl or bithienyl aromatic bridge (BiBox) have also been studied and similar switching behavior have been observed between much more states due to the presence of four switchable functions. Thus, the commutation between different states has been shown and most suitable stimulus to convert selectively and almost quantitatively from one state to another have been evidenced. Based on DFT and TDDFT methods, quantum chemistry calculations allowed to characterize molecular and electronic structures of the four switching states for Box simple systems and of some of BiBox and to rationalize some experimental observations. Fluorescence properties being surprisingly observed and so, then emission spectra and corresponding fluorescence quantum yields have been determined. The fluorescence data depend on the open/closed state of the Box moieties, allowing additional properties to these compounds
Viallon, Magalie. "Imagerie par résonance magnétique nucléaire de l'hélium3 hyperpolarisé : application à l'étude fonctionnelle du poumon et perspectives biomédicales." Lyon 1, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999LYO10135.
Full textCoudevylle, Nicolas. "Etude structurale, dynamique et fonctionnelle par résonance magnétique nucléaire de la méthionine sulfoxyde réductase A d'Escherichia coli." Vandoeuvre-les-Nancy, INPL, 2005. http://docnum.univ-lorraine.fr/public/INPL/2005_COUDEVYLLE_N.pdf.
Full textMethionine sulfoxide reductases (Msr) are a class of enzymes able to reduced back methionine sulfoxide, generated during an oxidative stress, to methionine. We performed a structural, dynamical and functional study by NMR of the reduced form and of an oxidized form of Escherichia coli MsrA. We solved the solution structures of these two forms and characterized their dynamic in solution. We also studied the non covalent enzyme/substrate complex, in order to determine local KD values, and made a preliminary study of the sulfenic acid intermediate which occurs in the catalytic cycle. All these results lead to a better knowledge of the structural and dynamical factors involved in the catalytic cycle of this class of enzyme and involved in the interaction with substrate (in specificity terms) and thioredoxin
Delbecq, Stéphane. "Caractérisation structurale et fonctionnelle de la protéine Bd37 de Babesia divergens et étude de ses potentialités vaccinales." Montpellier 1, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002MON13513.
Full textLamberton, Franck. "Correction des distorsions en imagerie fonctionnelle cérébrale par résonance magnétique nucléaire : application à la séquence d'imagerie ultra-rapide EPI." Caen, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003CAEN2002.
Full textBlondot, Marie-Lise. "Etude structurale et fonctionnelle du facteur de transcription M2-1 du virus respiratoire syncytial." Versailles-St Quentin en Yvelines, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013VERS0020.
Full textRespiratory Syncytial Virus (RSV) is the main cause of pneumonia and bronchiolitis in young children. There is no vaccine nor antiviral for humans. This virus encodes its own NA-dependent RNA polymerase (RdRp) to transcribe and replicate viral genes. The RdRp is composed of the nucleoprotein N, the phosphoprotein P, the large protein L and the transcription factor M2-1. Our aim is to characterize the structure and the function of the RdRp proteins to develop antiviral strategies. The M2-1 protein functions as an essential transcriptional cofactor of the RdRp complex by increasing polymerase processivity. M2-1 is a modular RNA binding protein that also interacts with the viral phosphoprotein P, another component of the RdRp complex. These binding properties are related to the core region of M2-1 encompassing residues S58 to K177. Here we report the NMR structure of the RSV M2-158-177 core domain. The partial overlap of RNA and P interaction surfaces on M2-158-177 rationalizes the previously observed competitive behavior of RNA versus P. We identified eight residues located on these surfaces that are critical for an efficient transcription activity of the RdRp complex. Single bodies, which are regarded as sites of viral RNA synthesis, was impared by mutations affecting only binding to P, but not to RNA, suggesting that M2-1 is associated to the hononucleocapsid by interacting with P. These results reveal that RNA and P binding to M2- can be uncoupled and that both are critical for the transcriptional activation function of M2-1
Poulet, Guillaume. "Phénomènes d'hydratation des aluminophosphates : étude couplée expérience - théorie." Phd thesis, Ecole normale supérieure de lyon - ENS LYON, 2003. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00003216.
Full textL'étude d'une structure modèle, l'AlPO4-34, apporte des informations sur le comportement de l'eau dans les pores. Elle permet également de présenter les mécanismes d'hydratation et de déshydratation et de proposer une phase partiellement hydratée, en accord avec des résultats expérimentaux. Une synergie est proposée entre la diffraction et une approche par dynamique moléculaire. Une description des domaines de stabilité des phases hydratées est aussi développée.
A l'aide de cette approche théorique, de nouvelles structures sont ensuite étudiées. Tout d'abord, grâce à la diffraction des rayons X et des calculs DFT, la maille complète de l'AlPO4-36 calciné déshydraté est décrite. Ensuite, une étude expérimentale détaillée est complétée par une approche théorique statique et dynamique pour proposer des éléments de réponses sur la phase hydratée de l'AlPO4-18.
Afin de généraliser l'étude à des mailles plus complexes et des temps de calcul plus courts, une comparaison des méthodes théoriques avec des bases d'ondes planes ou des bases d'orbitales localisées est effectuée. Ce comparatif fournit, après optimisation de la base, des résultats structuraux similaires entre les deux méthodes. Enfin, une approche d'ordre N est mise en oeuvre avec succès sur les structures microporeuses étudiées.
Guipponi, Olivier. "Bases neurales de la représentation de soi chez le primate non-humain grâce à l'imagerie par résonance magnétique fonctionnelle (IRMf)." Thesis, Lyon 1, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013LYO10188/document.
Full textThe aim of this thesis is to investigate the neural basis of self-representation in the non human primate. We studied the multimodal convergence both 1) at the area level precisely mapping auditory, tactile and visual convergence in the intraparietal sulcus and 2) at the whole brain level capturing the spatial pattern of visuo-tactile cortical convergence. We also investigated the neural network subserving multisensory integration in a dynamical visuo tactile context, showing that the strongest behavioral and cortical are obtained when the visual stimuli is predictive of the tactile stimulus rather than during simultaneous presentations. Finally, we studied the representation of space by characterizing the neural bases of near space and far space in a real naturalistic environment, thus providing the neural grounds for the observed behavioral and neuropsychological dissociation between near and far space processing
Forler, Nina. "A multinuclear solid-state NMR approach to the weathering of model phosphate glasses." Thesis, Lille 1, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011LIL10003/document.
Full textThe present manuscript focuses on the investigation of phosphate glass weathering by multinuclear solid-state magnetic resonance. Weathering, that is aqueous attack and aging of the phosphate glass under humid atmosphere, becomes important in application domains where high resistance against aqueous attack is an essential property. In particular, this is the case for phosphate glass matrices for the immobilization of nuclear waste. In the frame of this work, binary (Na2O-P2O5) and ternary (Na2O-Al2O3-P2O5) model glass systems are considered. The aim is to obtain further insight into fundamental processes and structural changes that are taking place upon weathering attack on the glass. Solid-state nuclear magnetic resonance is used as the main tool for structural characterization. 1H, 27Al, 31P and 17O are employed as probe nuclei. A number of one- and two-dimensional techniques allows for insight into the glass structure on the low and intermediate range. The interpretation of 17O NMR data is accompanied by a complementary approach. Therefore, the reliability of calculated 17O NMR parameters of protonated crystalline phosphate phases has been validated for the first time. Relationships between 17O NMR parameters and the structural environment of the nucleus could be drawn. Those relationships prove to be helpful for the characterization of oxygen environments emerging in weathered NaPO3 glass based on the chemical shift (δCS, δiso) and the quadrupolar parameters (CQ, ηQ)
Manival, Xavier. "Etude fonctionnelle et structurale de l'interaction de la protéine antiterminatrice SacY avec son ARN cible chez Bacillus subtilis : mise en évidence d'un nouveau type de domaine protéique de liaison à l'ARN." Montpellier 1, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997MON1T010.
Full textNominé, Yves. "Caractérisation biophysique de la qualité des protéines de fusion : application à l'étude structurale et fonctionnelle de l'oncoprotéine virale E6." Strasbourg 1, 2002. https://publication-theses.unistra.fr/public/theses_doctorat/2002/NOMINE_Yves_2002.pdf.
Full textE6 is an oncoprotein produced by "high risk" Human Papillomaviruses (HPVs) involved in cervical cancers. E6 participates oncogenesis through different pathways, in particular by degrading the cellular tumor suppressor protein p53. The aim of this thesis was to solve the solution structure of E6 by Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR). The introduction chapter first focuses on the different states (micro- and macroscopic) adopted by globular proteins in solution, including notions such as folding and stability. Then we record the principles, applications and limits of various biophysical techniques for the study of proteins. Finally, we briefly introduce the biological context of E6 protein. At the start of this work, E6 had never been purified although its sequence was known since 1985. In the results section, we first demonstrate that bacterial expression of E6 fused to the C-terminus of MBP (Maltose Binding Protein) generates " soluble inclusion bodies ". These particles, which originate from agregation of misfolded E6 moieties, remain soluble thanks to the high solubility of MBP moities. These observations have allowed us to produce soluble and folded samples of full-length E6 as well as its two zinc-binding domains. Finally, we have managed to solve the NMR structure of the C-terminal zinc-binding domain. On another hand, the optimized quality of our E6 samples have allowed us to demonstrate E6 binding to a particular DNA structural motif found in four-way DNA junctions. The kinetic parameters of this interaction have been determined by BIAcore. This work will provide a better understanding of the molecular pathways of E6 action and opens the way for new therapeutic strategies against cervical cancers. Furthermore, our methods for control and optimization of protein fusion quality can be generalized for future studies of other recalcitrant proteins
Le, Maire-Coirier Albane. "Etude structurale et fonctionnelle de la protéine KIN17 humaine." Paris 6, 2008. https://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00361216.
Full textFages, Anne. "High-field NMR Metabonomics for Investigation of Cancer in Human Populations and Metabolic Perturbations in Model Systems." Thesis, Lyon, École normale supérieure, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013ENSL0876.
Full textMetabonomics is a recent approach that enables not only to identify relevant biomarkers for disease diagnosis but also to improve our understanding of biological processes by gaining insight into metabolism. This thesis is mainly dedicated to the application of metabonomics to molecular epidemiology. High-field NMR metabonomic approach was applied to the analysis of serum samples from the large prospective cohort EPIC (European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and nutrition) to identify biomarkers of liver cancer and pancreatic cancer occurrence. The statistical analysis of NMR serum metabolic profiles obtained at 800 MHz enabled to highlight a metabolic signature associated with the occurrence of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), in average five years before diagnosis. The stratified analysis revealed both early and etiologic biomarkers of HCC. The NMR metabonomic analysis of the pancreatic cancer did not reveal any metabolic signature of this cancer. Moreover, relevant methods to allow the NMR metabonomic analysis of epidemiological cohort were developed. This thesis proposes a method to correct data for batch effect, making possible the comparison of NMR data recorded in a long period of time. The statistical method PC-PR2 developed enables the quantification of the contribution of different factors onto metabonomic data to reveal systematic variation sources. In addition, the metabonomic approach is also suitable to address specific biological questions by providing a new read-out of the metabolism. Functional genomics by NMR metabonomics was used in this thesis to study the metabolic targets of the thyroid hormone nuclear receptor TRβ in the liver. The analysis of HR-MAS data obtained on intact liver tissue in addition to the analysis of NMR data of liver extracts from a mice model enabled to better understand the role of this nuclear receptor
Girard, Guillaume. "Caractérisation structurale de systèmes désordonnés par RMN de l’état solide et calculs DFT." Thesis, Lille 1, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015LIL10081.
Full textThe combination of solid-state NMR spectroscopy with GIAO/GIPAW-DFT calculations is nowadays a well-established method to characterize the atomic structure of simple molecular and crystalline compounds. The present work is dedicated to the application of this methodology to more complex systems, in particular those with local disorder. In a first part, this manuscript is dedicated to the structural characterization of niobiophosphate based materials by 31P/93Nb solid-state NMR and DFT-GIPAW calculations. The cationic disorder of one of these phases has been identified and characterized by the use of a combinatory approach associating 31P solid-state NMR and DFT-GIPAW calculations. In parallel, a new methodology combining 17O solid-state NMR and DFT-GIAO calculations has been proposed in order to characterize the structure of one oxo-tungsten based precatalyst supported on amorphous silica. This approach was initially validated by studying molecular oxo-tungsten based molecular compounds. The 17O-NMR response of each oxo group is, in fact, specific to the studied compound and the related anisotropic NMR parameters can be reproduced with high accuracy by DFT-GIAO calculation. Finally, this methodology allowed us to verify the nature and structure of the supported species by taking into account different grafting pathways
Macouillard-Poulletier, de Gannes Florence. "Caractérisation fonctionnelle de cellules microgliales immortalisées lors de situations de stress thermique et apoptotique." Bordeaux 2, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998BOR28602.
Full textVasconcelos, Filipe. "RMN premiers principes de l’17O appliqués à l’étude des phosphates cristallins et amorphes." Thesis, Lille 1, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009LIL10170/document.
Full textOur strategy is to associate NMR high resolution results and first-principles calculation in order to better understand the influence of 17O local environment onto the NMR parameters (chemical shift, quadrupolar parameters). The calculations were performed using the GIPAW algorithm, developed by Pickard and Mauri, which gives access to the NMR magnetic shielding for all nuclei of a given structure. This method improved previous approaches based on first-principles calculation by considering the symmetrical translation properties in crystals. The document will include data on crystalline as well as glass systems. Indeed, we report data obtained on cristalline sodium phosphates and from which general trends were deduced between the NMR parameters and the structural/local 17Oenvironments. In a following step, molecular dynamics has been used inorder to generate a number of glass structures that would model our real glass systems. The calculated NMR parameters are discussed and compared to those obtained experimentally. Finally, the distribution of NMR parameters usually observed on high resolution spectra will be interpreted using a new distribution model, which is an extension of the so-called Czjzek model
le, Maire Albane. "étude structurale et fonctionnelle de la protéine KIN17 humaine." Phd thesis, Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris VI, 2008. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00361216.
Full textnormales, stimulée par les rayonnements UV et ionisants, autant de caractéristiques qui ont
suscité notre intérêt pour l'analyse structurale et fonctionnelle de la protéine KIN17 humaine
(hKIN17) dans le but de caractériser sa ou ses fonction(s) dans la cellule. Plusieurs propriétés ont
été décrites pour la protéine hKIN17 dans différents mécanismes cellulaires tels que la réplication
de l'ADN, la réparation de l'ADN et le métabolisme de l'ARN. Pendant ma thèse, j'ai montré en
combinant des données de DC, RMN et SAXS que la protéine hKIN17 possède un domaine
structuré adoptant probablement le repliement d'un doigt de zinc et un domaine winged helix
dans sa région N-terminale. Seul le premier domaine lie les acides nucléiques, le deuxième
domaine ayant pour partenaires plusieurs hélicases à ARN impliquées dans la transcription et la
traduction. J'ai résolu par cristallographie aux rayons X la structure du domaine C-terminal qui
est retrouvé uniquement chez les eucaryotes supérieurs et se replie en un double domaine de type
SH3. J'ai montré par différentes méthodes biochimiques (filtration sur gel, gel IEF natif) que ce
domaine ancre la protéine hKIN17 à un complexe nucléaire acide de haut poids moléculaire dont
les composants sont en cours d'identification par spectrométrie de masse. De plus, il lie l'ARN et
les histones modifiées. L'ensemble de ces résultats confirment l'implication de la protéine
hKIN17 dans le métabolisme de l'ARN et précisent le rôle de chacun des domaines au sein de la
protéine.
Hédouin, Matthieu. "RMN multinoyaux {1H,6,7Li, 15N} et calculs DFT : structures d'agrégats mixtes de sulfoximine lithiée et analyse du couplage scalaire 2j (Li-Li)." Thesis, Normandie, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020NORMR082.
Full textIn this work, we studied the solution behaviour of an S-perfluoroalkylated sulfoximine as an ortho-directing group, in the presence of different n-Butyllithium equivalents, in THF at low temperature. The results obtained by {1H, 6.7Li, 15N} NMR and DFT calculations reveal that in the presence of at least 3 equivalents of n-butyllithium, the dilithiated sulfoximine forms two mixed aggregates dilithiated sulfoximine/n-BuLi dimer (1:1) and tetramer (1:3). The structure of these mixed aggregates contains a trisolvated monomeric lithium on the aromatic ring of the sulfoximine, which explains the strong reactivity of the sulfoximine under these conditions. In a second part, a robust method was proposed to allow the determination of the effective scalar coupling constant 2J Li-Li in tetrameric alkyllithium aggregates. This effective value enabled to evaluate the influence of numerous parameters, including dynamics, solvation, the presence of heteroatoms and the steric hindrance generated by the alkyl chain. Complementary work, using DFT calculations performed with the ADF software, has shown the link between the 2JLi-Li scalar coupling constant and the distance between the lithium nuclei
Perard, Julien. "Etudes structurales et fonctionnelles de l'IRES du VHC en association avec le motif de reconnaissance à l'ARN de la sous-unité b du facteur eIF3." Phd thesis, Université Joseph Fourier (Grenoble), 2009. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00436687.
Full textGrekov, Denys. "Apport de la RMN du solide de l’17O à l’étude structurale d’espèces moléculaires et greffées sur silice pour la métathèse des oléfines." Thesis, Lille 1, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016LIL10104.
Full textThis manuscript aims at the use of 17O solid state NMR for accessing the structure of well-defined silica-supported oxo-tungsten species related to industrial olefin metathesis catalysts. As a first step, to compensate for the low receptivity of 17O, signal enhancement techniques such as DFS (Double Frequency Sweep) and HS (Hyperbolic Secant) were critically assessed for such systems featuring large range of anisotropic interactions. DFS proved to be the most robust method, providing a signal enhancement of 2-2.4. In a second stage, series of molecular and silica-supported tungsten-oxo complexes have been studied by 17O MAS NMR, following isotopic enrichment of the oxo moiety. The W=O NMR parameters showed a high sensitivity to the metal coordination sphere, thus allowing structural assessment of grafted species when combined with DFT calculations. Silica-surface selective 17O labelling also afforded deeper understanding of these systems, most particularly regarding metal-support interactions. Further elements were obtained thanks to application of methods for high resolution (17O MQ MAS) and heteronuclear correlation (1H-17O HMQC). Some perspectives of this work are drawn, most particularly on the related molybdenum surface chemistry
Nguyen, Thui Thuong. "First-principles calculations of solid-state transition metal NMR parameters in functional inorganic materials." Thesis, Rennes 1, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015REN1S115/document.
Full textThis work is devoted to the calculations of nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) parameters of transition metal nuclei in inorganic solid-state materials using first-principles calculations. The manuscript is divided in five chapters. The first one shows that NMR is an interesting spectroscopic method to gain some information on the properties of inorganic materials. As far as the probed nucleus is a transition metal, experiments must be completed with quantum chemical calculations in order to better interpret the spectroscopic data. The second chapter is devoted to the quantum chemical tools that are necessary to the understanding of this work are presented. The third chapter deals with the computations of 95Mo NMR parameters of [Mo6X14]2- (X = Cl, Br, I) octahedral clusters. A special attention is paid to the influence of solvation effects on the computed NMR parameters. The fourth chapter is devoted to the study of A6Re3Mo3S8(CN)5 (A = K, Cs) compounds. Their crystal structures are based on a heteronuclear octahedral motif Re3Mo3S8(CN)6. Since X-ray diffraction refinements did not solve the colouring problem in the octahedron, an in silico spectroscopic study has been carried out using molecular and periodic DFT calculations. The last chapter of this report deals with heteronuclear polyoxolanthanides that have been studied using first-principles calculations in order to better understand their 89Y NMR spectra
Hernandez, Nadia. "La perception des visages et des expressions émotionnelles dans la pathologie autistique : approche comportementale et fonctionnelle." Thesis, Tours, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008TOUR3110/document.
Full textAutism is a developmental disorder characterized by socialization troubles associated with a deficit of faces and emotional expressions perception. The aim of our work was to investigate typical development of gaze behaviour during face and emotion expression perception on a wide number of subjects, using an eye tracking system, and a fMRI to identify dysfunction in patients with autism. The work has established on healthy patients, the features of typical maturation of visual exploration during face scanning, which was due to an expertise mechanism. A deterioration of appropriate gaze exploration was observed in subjects with autism. This study revealed that the perception was not influenced by emotional expression but instead induced a pattern of activation of each emotion in healthy subjects. Indeed, a different pattern of activation was observed for each type of emotion. These observations suggest that the perception of emotion would appeal to mechanisms mirrors. In subjects with autism, most of the areas normally involved in the treatment of these emotions are not activated
Utrera, Melero Raquel. "Luminescent mechanochromic materials based on copper iodide clusters." Thesis, Nantes, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020NANT4074.
Full textMaterials exhibiting luminescence stimuli-responsive properties, present potential applications as detection systems. This thesis concerns the study of copper (I) iodide molecular clusters coordinated by phosphine ligands, which exhibit mechanochromic luminescence properties. These compounds are characterized by a change of their emission wavelength in response to mechanical stress. In this thesis, new clusters were synthesized and characterized. The establishment of structureproperties relationships permit to study the mechanisms responsible for their mechanochromic properties. The main characterization techniques used are solid-state NMR, X-ray diffraction, Infrared and Raman spectroscopies. DFT (Density functional theory) calculations were also carried out to rationalize the different results and in particular the optical properties. In addition to the mechanochromic properties, these compounds have the particularity of exhibiting thermochromic luminescence properties. Aggregation-induced emission (AIE) properties were also demonstrated for these clusters. In order to obtain clusters exhibiting multiple emission, ligands having luminescent groups were also studied
Bor, Julie. "Une nouvelle approche de la physiopathologie de la schizophrénie : imagerie des modifications cérébrales biochimiques et fonctionnelles induites par des thérapeutiques non pharmacologiques." Thesis, Lyon 1, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010LYO10147.
Full textDespite the development of new generation antipsychotic drugs, some symptoms of schizophrenia do not respond to these treatments. Based on the pathophysiological hypothesis underlying these symptoms, new therapies such as cognitive remediation therapy and neurostimulation techniques have been developed. This approach remained essentially clinical. In this work, the study of biological mechanisms tending benefits of these non-pharmacological treatment has allowed us to test these pathophysiological hypotheses. Functional MRI (fMRI) and magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) were used to investigate the effects of cognitive remediation therapy (CRT), transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) and transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS). We demonstrated (1) that CRT modifies cerebral activations during a working memory task in patients with schizophrenia, (2) that TMS modifies brain biochemistry of the stimulated area and of deep brain regions in a patient with schizophrenia and (3) that tDCS modifies the functional connectivity in resting state networks of healthy volunteers
Machado, Kelly. "Chimie des Bains pour l’Electrolyse de l’Aluminium : Étude RMN Haute Température et Modélisation." Thesis, Orléans, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017ORLE2054/document.
Full textThis thesis deals with the structural study of molten fluorides mixtures used for aluminium production by electrolysis. This process is obtained by dissolving alumina (Al₂O₃) in a molten cryolite bath (NaF-AlF₃ plus some additives) at 960°C. In order to obtain input data for the electrokinetic modeling of transport phenomena during the process, a better description of speciation in baths as a function of their composition and temperature is required.To determine this in situ speciation, we developed an original approach combining high temperature nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy with Molecular Dynamics (MD) simulations coupled with first principle calculations. Based on the density functional theory (DFT), it was possible to calculate the interaction parameters involved in NMR experiments and to evaluate the quality of the models derived from MD when compared to the experimental data.The measurements and simulations carried out in the MF-AlF₃ binary systems (M = Na or K) confirmed the presence of F- and anionic species [AlFₓ]³‾ˣ with a lifetime between 5 and 25 ps. The probability of forming dimers [Al2Fm]6-m is less than 10%. Regardless of alkali, the addition of alumina in these systems affects the proportion of AlF5²‾ species to form oxyfluoroaluminates: [Al₂OF6] ²‾, [Al₂OF8]⁴‾, [Al₂O₂F4] ²‾, [Al₂O₂F6]⁴‾ et [Al₂O₃F₂]²‾. The latter are little influenced by the presence of CaF₂. By partially dissociating, this contributes to modifying the chemical equilibria towards the more basic media and to increasing the average coordination of the aluminium ions
Dabachi, Jamal. "Etude par RMN du solide multi-noyaux et modélisation des paramètres RMN de fluorures et d’oxyfluorures inorganiques." Thesis, Le Mans, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017LEMA1006/document.
Full textThis thesis focuses on the structural study of fluorides and oxyfluorides by combining solid state NMR, X-ray diffraction and PAW/GIPAW calculations of NMR parameters. The first part is devoted to the study of compounds of the KF-YF3 binary system. Linear correlation between experimental isotropic chemical shift (delta iso) and calculated isotropic shielding (sigma iso) values have been established, for 19F, 89Y and 39K, from assignments of NMR lines to crystallographic sites. These correlations lead to satisfactory agreements. In the case of 19F and 89Y, the link between NMR parameters and environment has been established. The calculated 39K NMR parameters allow satisfying reconstructions of the experimental complex spectra. The second part is dedicated to the study of the two ordered phases of LaOF. The optimizations and bond valence calculations showing that the atomic positions of F and O should be interchanged in both the phases, their structures have been refined. The agreement between experimental and calculated NMR parameters of 19F and 139La validates our structural models. Finally, the isotypic and disordered MO2F (M = Nb, Ta) compounds, since the O and F atoms occupy the same anionic site, have been studied. It is shown that the aqueous solution synthesis leads to hydroxylated and lacunary compounds, whose formulations have been determined by combining 19F NMR, XRD and TGA. The solid state synthesis enables to obtain pure compounds. DFT calculations were carried out on optimized 3 × 3 × 3 supercells that respect the partial order -M-O-M-O-M-F-. The good agreement between experimental and calculated NMR parameters of 19F validates the proposed model
Fadda, Elisa. "A new SOS-DFPT approximation for NMR shielding calculations : the Loc.3 correction applied to the catalytic mechanism of Serine Proteases." Thèse, [Montréal] : Université de Montréal, 2003. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/umontreal/fullcit?pNQ92745.
Full text"Thése [sic] présentée à la Faculté des études supérieures en vue de l'obtention du grade de Philosophiae Doctor (Ph.D.) en chimie" Version électronique également disponible sur Internet.
Bamine-Abdesselam, Tahya. "Etudes combinées par RMN et calculs DFT de (fluoro, oxy)-phosphates de vanadium paramagnétiques pour les batteries Li-ion ou Na-ion." Thesis, Bordeaux, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017BORD0607/document.
Full textParamagnetic materials for positive electrodes for Li or Na-ion batteries havebeen studied by multinuclear NMR. The local environment of the probed nucleus can becharacterized by solid state NMR making use of hyperfine interactions due to transfer ofsome electron spin density (Fermi contact shift) on this nucleus, via more or less complexmechanisms. The materials studied are vanadium fluoro or oxy phosphates of generalformulas AVPO4X (A= Li or Na; X = F, OH, or OF) belonging to the Tavorite family and theNa3V2(PO4)2F1-xOx . All these materials have been characterized by 7Li or 23Na, 31P and 19F,combined with DFT calculations to better understand local electronic structures andstructures. In particular, these studies have enabled us to highlight the presence of defects incertain materials and to discuss their impact on the electrochemical properties. The use ofthe PAW method allowed us to model diluted defects in large supercells, to calculate theFermi contact shifts of the surrounding nuclei and to study the mechanisms of electron spintransfer. This allowed us to better understand the nature of defects in materials.For some systems, the mechanisms related to the intercalation or deintercalation of Li+ orNa+ ions have also been studied by NMR
Lisboa, Johnny. "Etude structurale et fonctionnelle de DprA et de ses partenaires au cours de la transformation génétique naturelle." Thesis, Paris 11, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013PA114853.
Full textThe natural genetic transformation is a mode of horizontal gene transfer that contributes to the maintenance and to the evolution of the genomes in bacteria. It is a key mechanism for their adaptation which could be responsible for the transmission of antibiotic resistances observed clinically for some pathogenic species (S. pneumoniae, H. pylori...). Natural transformation is performed by internalizing exogenous DNA followed by its processing and its integration into the bacterial chromosome by homologous recombination. The DNA processing involves the highly conserved DprA protein for the protection of the incoming DNA against nucleases and the recruitment of the universal recombinase RecA on ssDNA. DprA plays a key role and has recently been suggested to be involved in other aspects of the natural genetic transformation, such as the shut-off of the competence via a direct interaction with the response regulator ComE, or removal of the restriction-modification barrier system in order to facilitate the processing. In H. pylori, the dprA gene is in operon with dprB, whose function is unknown, suggesting their involvement in the same pathway and their likely direct interaction. DprA appears to be central in protein/nucleic acid interactions network
Nguyen, Long Hoang Bao. "Cristallochimie d’oxyphosphates fluorés de vanadium : De l’étude de leur structure à leurs performances en batteries Na-ion." Thesis, Bordeaux, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019BORD0356.
Full textNa-ion batteries are currently developed as a future alternative to the conventional Li-ion batteries. Among all the polyanion materials studied as positive electrodes for Na-ion batteries, Na3V2(PO4)2F3 and Na3(VO)2(PO4)2F are the two promising compositions thanks to their high theoretical capacity, high Na+-extraction voltage, and especially the high stability of their structural framework upon long-term cycling. Furthermore, the crystal structure and the electrochemical properties of these materials can be greatly modulated through an effect of cationic or anionic substitution. This PhD work aims at exploring the diversity in crystal chemistry of Na3V2(PO4)2F3, Na3(VO)2(PO4)2F and their derivatives obtained through different synthesis methods. The three-dimensional long range crystal structure of these phases is determined by the use of high resolution synchrotron X-ray powder diffraction whereas their local atomic and electronic structures are investigated through a combination of solid-state nuclear magnetic resonance supported by first-principles theoretical calculations, synchrotron X-ray absorption spectroscopy and infrared spectroscopy. Thereafter, the phase diagram and the redox processes involved in the Na+ de-intercalation and intercalation are established thanks to operando synchrotron X-ray diffraction and absorption. An in-depth understanding on the crystal structure as well as the involved redox couples for each composition helps us to determine the limitations of these vanadium fluorinated oxy-phosphates and sheds light to the development of new materials with better performance based on their structure
Ait, Bentaleb Lahcen. "Études cognitive et neuroanatomique fonctionnelle des hallucinations auditives dans la schizophrénie." Thèse, 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/1866/14174.
Full textR, Chabot Philippe. "Caractérisation structurale et fonctionnelle des interactions impliquant TFIIH et les domaines de transactivation viraux." Thèse, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/1866/11003.
Full textThe general transcription factor IIH (TFIIH) plays crucial roles in both transcription and DNA repair. Tfb1/p62 (yeast and human), one of the ten/eleven subunits of TFIIH, has been shown to interact with several important transcription (p53, NFκB, TFIIEα) and repair factors (Rad2/XPG and Rad4/XPC) (1). Most of the interactions with Tfb1/p62 require the Pleckstrin homology (PH) domain located at the amino-terminal end of the protein (2, 3). This PH domain in particular forms complexes with highly acidic domains from target proteins involved in both transcriptional activation and DNA repair. Recent studies has shown that the Tfb1/p62 subunit of TFIIH is also targeted by a number of viral proteins including the Herpes Simplex virus (HSV) protein VP16, the Human papillomavirus (HPV) protein HPV E1 and the Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) protein EBNA-2 (4, 5). These viral proteins interact with the Tfb1/p62 subunit via acidic domain which suggests that they are forming similar interactions as the one observed with human transcription and repair factors. This thesis provides a structural and functional characterization of the complex formed by the viral proteins EBNA2 and the human protein Tfb1/p62 subunit of TFIIH. The analysis is done using isothermal titration calorimetry (ITC), nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy and a yeast activation assay. This study brings a greater understanding of proteins implicated in diseases such as the Burkitt’s lymphoma directly linked to an EBV infection (review in (6)) and shows a viable target for antiviral drug.
Fahim, Cherine. "Étude neuroanatomique fonctionnelle de l'émoussement affectif dans la schizophrénie : les implications du traitement à la quetiapine." Thèse, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/1866/15689.
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