Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Résonance Magnétique Nucléaire'
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Massaq, Mustapha. "Moments magnétiques nucléaires mesurés par résonance magnétique nucléaire sur noyaux orientés." Lyon 1, 1991. http://www.theses.fr/1991LYO10054.
Full textVignaux, Olivier. "Imagerie tissulaire myocardique par résonance magnétique nucléaire." Paris 5, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002PA05CD05.
Full textMagnetic Resonance Imaging of myocardical tissue. In patients with known or suspected cardiac desease, an "all-in-one" cardiac imaging modality should theoretically include morphological and functional analysis of the heart, but also information on myocardical tissue in order to detect its infiltration by abnormal tissues or substances and to study its perfusion and viability in ischemic disease. The specific magnetic properties with changes of relaxations times (and thereby increased or decreased signal intensities) induced by some tissues such as fatty infiltration, fibrosis, edema or inflammation allow a characterization of the myocardical tissue. Magnetic Resonance (MR) imaging also offers the potential for a complete functional study of the myocardium including contractility as well as perfusion and viability using cotrasts agents (Gadolinium-DTPA). The aim of this work was to demonstrate the ability of MR imaging to non-invasively characterize myocardical tissue and to assess its function. MR capacities of imaging the myocardical tissue have been applied to myocardical ischemia and to some specific cardiomyopathies
de, Vaulx Cédric. "Etude par résonance magnétique nucléaire de cobaltates NaxCoO2." Université Joseph Fourier (Grenoble), 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007GRE10023.
Full textThis thesis manuscript describes a nuclear magnetic resonance study (59Co and 23Na nucleus) of NaxCoO2 cobalt oxides, whose remarkable thermoelectric and superconducting properties arouse great interest. We studied the two extreme concentrations x=0 and x=1. Na1CoO2 is a non-magnetic band insulator: all cobalt sites have a +3 oxidization state and low spin state S=0. In contrast, the CoO2 compound, where the formal Co valence state is +4, appears to be close to the (metal-insulator) Mott transition. This shows the strength of electronic correlations in this system. In the doping range 0. 65One of the unambiguously identified phases corresponds to the x=0. 75 concentration, wich undergoes a magnetic transition at TM=22K. This long range ordered state possesses a weak moment, which is compatible with a spin density wave state, as well as a metamagnetic transition about H=8T. This phase can be strongly perturbed by NMR pulses. Our measurements demonstrate that the spin density spreads over about 75% of Co sites with a mean charge state equal to +3. 33 and not over 25% of Co4+ sites. In addition, we show that magnetic sites (which can probably be divided into two different sub-kinds) and the non-magnetic one must form a spatially ordered lattice, wich is probably linked to the spatial distribution of Na+ ions. At least a part of these Na ions are mobile down to approximately 120 K
Bilbille, Yann. "Etude de complexes télomériques par Résonance Magnétique Nucléaire." Phd thesis, Université d'Orléans, 2007. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00385677.
Full texteucaryotes. L'ADN télomérique humain contient entre 500 et 3000 repétitions de la séquence d(T2AG3)n (brin-G) et de son brin complémentaire C3TA2 (brin-C). Le brin G est terminé par une extrémité simple brin contenant de 50 à 200 nucléotides. Les télomères jouent des rôles essentiels au niveau cellulaire en permnettant la protection des chromosomes.
Un modèle proposé pour expliquer le rôle protecteur des télomères est le modèle de la boucle-T (télomérique) / boucle-D (déplacement). Dans ce modèle, on observe le repliement de I'ADN télomérique double brin et I'insertion de la partie simple brin dans la partie double brin. La formation de ces boucles fait intervenir, directement ou indirectement, denombreuses protéines comme les protéines TRF1 et TRF2. Néanmoins les mécanismes moléculaires et notamment le rôle de la protéine TRF2 dans la formation de ces boucles restent spéculatifs.
Le travail de thèse présenté dans ce manuscrit expose l'étude par Résonance Magnétique Nucléaire du domaine
de fixation à I'ADN de la protéine TRF2 (domaine Myb) et de ses interactions avec-l'ADN télomérique ainsi que
l'étude de modèles de boucles-D.
Après la détermination de la structure tridimensionnelle et l'étude de la dynamique interne du domaine Myb de
TRF2, nous avons réalisé l'étude des interactions du domaine Myb avec I'ADN télomérique. Ainsi, deux complexes entre le domaine Myb de TRF2 et I'ADN télomérique ont été étudiés par RMN et ont permis de mieux comprendre le rôle du domaine Myb en montrant sa grande spécificité pour I'ADN télômérique double brin. Ensuite quatre modèles de boucles D différents ont été étudiés par RMN afin d'en déterminer les structures tridimensionnelles.
Lecomte, Nathalie. "Elastomères aux interfaces : étude par résonance magnétique nucléaire." Mulhouse, 1990. http://www.theses.fr/1990MULH0149.
Full textPicard, Laurent. "Le capteur en résonance magnétique nucléaire : nouveaux développements." Université Joseph Fourier (Grenoble), 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995GRE19003.
Full textKober, Frank. "L'imagerie des gaz rares par résonance magnétique nucléaire." Université Joseph Fourier (Grenoble), 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998GRE19007.
Full textMaubon, Antoine. "Imagerie en résonance magnétique nucléaire de l'épaule dégénérative." Montpellier 1, 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989MON11216.
Full textOzenne, Valéry. "Caractérisation des protéines intrinsèquement désordonnées par résonance magnétique nucléaire." Phd thesis, Grenoble, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00828597.
Full textSiegel, Renée. "Etudes de matériaux d'électrodes positives par résonance magnétique nucléaire." Université Louis Pasteur (Strasbourg) (1971-2008), 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001STR13098.
Full textBoudot, Denis. "Sélectivité spectrale et spatiale en résonnance magnétique nucléaire." Nancy 1, 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989NAN10504.
Full textGouvion, Catherine. "Etude de la conformation des oligogalacturonides par résonance magnétique nucléaire et modélisation nucléaire." Grenoble 1, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993GRE10025.
Full textBeaumont, Stéphane. "Les artéfacts de champ magnétique en imagerie par résonance magnétique nucléaire (I. R. M. )." Toulouse 3, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993TOU30016.
Full textLe, Moyec Laurence. "Applications de la résonance magnétique nucléaire au suivi des tumeurs." Paris 5, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988PA05P601.
Full textCuniasse, Philippe. "Structure d'oligodesoxynucleotides contenant des sites abasiques par résonance magnétique nucléaire." Paris 6, 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989PA066580.
Full textLafontaine, Eric. "Résonance magnétique nucléaire haute résolution en milieu cristal liquide cholestérique." Paris 11, 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989PA112405.
Full textHologne, Maggy. "Structure et dynamique de matériaux supramoléculaires par Résonance Magnétique Nucléaire." Université Louis Pasteur (Strasbourg) (1971-2008), 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003STR13187.
Full textThis work is divided into two parts. The first part is dedicated to the dynamic study of a supramolecular system, p-tertbutylcalix[4]arene. Nitrobenzene-d5, by deuteron (2H) NMR. In this case, the guest (nitrobenzene) performs a 180ʿ jump (" p-flip "). This simple molecular motion is very sensitive to host-guest interactions and, thus, to the local intermolecular order. We used two techniques, the static-powder quadrupolar or Jeener echo pulse sequence, and magic-angle spinning (MAS) 2H NMR. While the presence of an inhomogeneous ditribution of correlation times cannot be excluded by extensive static-powder measurements, the MAS 2H NMR spectrum unambiguously shows that the p-flip motion of the nitrobenzene guest is characterized by a single correlation time. The second part of this work is devoted to the determination of internuclear distances. First, we studied theoretically two dipolar recoupling techniques, REDOR (Rotational-Echo DOuble Resonance) and CPMAS (Cross-polarization Magic-Angle Spinning). The magnitude of the dipolar coupling constant is directly deduced from the line-splitting between the divergences of the Pake-like patterns obtained by Fourier transformation of the oscillatory CPMAS transfer (g-encoding). Moreover, the results show that the dipolar couplings from the neighboring spins of a strongly coupled spin pair perturb less the CPMAS dynamics than the REDOR dephasing. This facilitates the measurement of the dominant dipolar coupling by CPMAS. After having been tested on a model compound, glycine enriched in 15N et 13C, REDOR experiments were applied to the supramolecular inclusion compound, p-tertbutylcalix[4]arene. Pyridine 25% enriched in 15N, to examine the 15N - 13C distances between the host and guest molecular components. REDOR curves calculated from the X-ray crystal structure fail to match those determined experimentally. Notably, the fact that the two closest approaches of the host tert-butyl C-H groups to the nitrogen atom of the pyridine guest are not observed by REDOR NMR questions previous interpretations of weak intermolecular interactions in this supramolecular system
Jurczuk, Krzysztof. "Calcul parallèle pour la modélisation d'images de résonance magnétique nucléaire." Thesis, Rennes 1, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013REN1S089.
Full textThis PhD thesis concerns computer modeling of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). The main attention is centered on imaging of vascular structures. Such imaging is influenced not only by vascular geometries but also by blood flow which has to been taken into account in modeling. Next to the question about the quality of developed models, the challenge lies also in the demand for high performance computing. Thus, in order to manage computationally complex problems, parallel computing is in use. In the thesis three solutions are proposed. The first one concerns parallel algorithms of vascular network modeling. Algorithms for different architectures are proposed. The first algorithm is based on the message passing model and thus, it is suited for distributed memory architectures. It parallelizes the process of connecting new parts of tissue to existing vascular structures. The second algorithm is designed for shared memory machines. It also parallelizes the perfusion process, but individual processors perform calculations concerning different vascular trees. The third algorithm combines message passing and shared memory approaches providing solutions for hybrid parallel architectures. Developed algorithms are able to substantially speed up the time-demanded simulations of growth of complex vascular networks. As a result, more elaborate and precise vascular structures can be simulated in a reasonable period of time. It can also help to extend the vascular model and to test multiple sets of parameters. Secondly, a new approach in computational modeling of magnetic resonance (MR) flow imaging is proposed. The approach combines the flow computation by lattice Boltzmann method, MRI simulation by following discrete local magnetizations in time and a new magnetization transport algorithm together. Results demonstrate that such an approach is able to naturally incorporate the flow influence in MRI modeling. As a result, in the proposed model, no additional mechanism (unlike in prior works) is needed to consider flow artifacts, what implies its easy extensibility. In combination with its low computational complexity and efficient implementation, the solution is a user-friendly and manageable at different levels tool which facilitates running series of simulations with different physiological and imaging parameters. The goal of the third solution is to apply the proposed MR flow imaging model on complex vascular networks. To this aim, models of vascular networks, flow behavior and MRI are combined together. In all the model components, computations are adapted to be performed at various parallel architectures. The model potential and possibilities of simulations of flow and MRI in complex vascular structures are shown. The model aims at explaining and exploring MR image formation and appearance by the combined knowledge from many processes and systems, starting from vascular geometry, through flow patterns and ending on imaging technology
Aloui, Ghada. "Développements méthodologiques pour l'analyse d'équilibres conformationnels par résonance magnétique nucléaire." Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019SACLS199.
Full textNuclear magnetic resonance is a technique of choice for studying chemical exchange in therapeutic compounds. However, spectra acquired with standard 1D and 2D methods often show spectra with overlapping signals, which makes the assignment of each species difficult. Methodological development of a pure shift approach would therefore make it possible to improve the resolution of these data. During this thesis, we carried out a series of developments of the EXSY type experiments in which we implemented different homonuclear decoupling methods. Two approaches were tested: the PSYCHE method applied to the F1 and F2 dimensions of EXSY maps, and the Zangger-Sterk method in F2. These approaches all led to a significant resolution improvements allowing us to characterize the s-cis/ s-trans conformers in Trandolapril. We have also studied the interest of the non-uniform sampling (NUS) technique to reduce the analysis time. This approach allowed us to accelerate the experiment, but the presence of artifacts at various temperatures suggests that further developments will still be needed. These results pave the way for more analysis of the exchange process in compounds with complex NMR spectrum
Listwan, Arthur. "Résonance Magnétique Nucléaire appliquée aux matériaux de la filière tritium." Electronic Thesis or Diss., université Paris-Saclay, 2024. http://www.theses.fr/2024UPASF078.
Full textThis thesis presents an NMR study of cementitious matrices developed for the conditioning of tritiated waste: phosphomagnesium cements, known as MKP. It is part of an initial project to develop tritium NMR for materials used in the tritium and nuclear industries in general. In particular, in this thesis we explored the NMR of the three hydrogen isotopes: protium (¹H), deuterium (²H) and tritium (³H ). Initially, we focused on K-struvite (MgKPO₄.6H₂O), which is the majority phase in MKP cements. The production of deuterated samples enabled us to make significant gains in proton NMR, which, coupled with DFT calculations, enabled us to set up a model for predicting ¹H NMR chemical shifts. We applied the same deuteration approach to the study of MKP cements with different formulations (fly ash, MnO₂/Ag₂O hydrogen getters). After careful examination of the nuclear relaxation, we show by phosphorus-31 NMR that K-struvite is in the majority with a secondary anhydrous amorphous phase in the minority. The NMR spectra show that the incorporation of getters has no impact on the cements, but in the absence of fly ash, many secondary phases are observed. Electron irradiation experiments showed very low radiolytic yields of H₂ and a decrease in the case of MKP with traps. Exposure of K-struvite and cements to doses of 1 MGy did not result in any structural changes visible by NMR and XRD. These matrices are therefore good candidates for tritium storage. Preliminary NMR experiments of cement /hydrogen interactions show absorption of dihydrogen (with or without traps), validating the existence of porosity allowing diffusion of the gas into the core of the matrix. These results were transposed to exposure to tritium gas (T₂, 500 mbar for 18h). Outgassing over a period of 1 month was observed. For the first time, ³H NMR spectra were acquired on these matrices, suggesting the presence of T₂ molecules trapped in the cement
Biossi, Albert. "Étude par résonance magnétique nucléaire d'une mésophase lyotrope en rotation dans un champ magnétique." Paris 11, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987PA112081.
Full textThe behavior of a lyotropic nematic liquid crystal of negative diamagnetic anisotropy spinning in the magnetic field is studied through 19F NMR measurements. Factors governing the director orientation are obtained. It is shown first that when spinning perpendicular to the magnetic field the director which stays parallel to the rotation axis at low spinning speed, switches to a position perpendicular at speed larger than 200 Hz. This experiment leads to the understanding of the director orientation in a gravitational force field and of the inertial properties of such a medium. Second, the study of the orientational switch speed for various angles between the axis of rotation and the magnetic field allows then to establish a relationship between the gravitational and magnetic torque. For a given spinning speed the orientational switch appears for an angle between the magnetic field and the rotation axis which vary with the square of the angular velocity. This experiment gives the first experimental evidence of the macroscopic inertial anisotropy of lyotropic liquid crystals. A last the study of the 19F NMR spectra of an A2 spin system spinning exactly at magic angle shows that the director is homogeneously distributed over all the sample. This allows us to conclude that anisotropic inertial properties of nematics becomes important only in the extent of an homogeneously preoriented sample. If it is not the case the inertial force field is not strong to orient alone the liquid crystal micro-domains
Fagot-Revurat, Yannick. "Étude par résonance magnétique nucléaire en champ magnétique intense du composé Spin-Peierls CuGeO3." Université Joseph Fourier (Grenoble ; 1971-2015), 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998GRE10003.
Full textBailly, Alain. "Etude des connectivités interatomiques dans les solides par résonance magnétique nucléaire." Lille 1, 2000. https://pepite-depot.univ-lille.fr/LIBRE/Th_Num/2000/50376-2000-396-397.pdf.
Full textChankji, Jean. "Analyse et corrections d'un champ magnétique statique : application à la spectroscopie, l'imagerie et l'imagerie spectroscopique en résonance magnétique nucléaire." Lyon 1, 1985. http://www.theses.fr/1985LYO10028.
Full textBoissoles, Patrice. "Problèmes mathématiques et numériques issus de l'imagerie par résonance magnétique nucléaire." Phd thesis, Université Rennes 1, 2005. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00011378.
Full textDans la première partie, on étudie l'antenne cage d'oiseau. On montre que les pulsations de résonance sont les valeurs propres d'un problème aux valeurs propres généralisé et on développe une méthode de calcul efficace de celles-ci. On étudie ensuite les propriétés du champ radiofréquence à l'aide de simulations numériques : mouvement de rotation en tout point et homogénéité au centre de l'antenne.
Dans la deuxième partie, on modélise le problème magnétique associé à l'IRM par les équations de Maxwell avec le champ radiofréquence comme condition aux limites. On montre que ce problème est bien posé en dimension 3 et qu'il est équivalent à une série de problèmes axisymétriques bidimensionnels découplés. Des calculs numériques sont effectués sur les problèmes axisymétriques, qui confirment les résultats théoriques obtenus.
Akel, Mohamad. "Étude des micro/nano sondes pour la Résonance Magnétique Nucléaire (RMN)." Phd thesis, Université Montpellier II - Sciences et Techniques du Languedoc, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00997531.
Full textGuering, Paul-Henri. "Étude structurale des microémulsions par effet Kerr et résonance magnétique nucléaire." Paris 11, 1985. https://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00011854.
Full textThe structure of microemulsions is investigated using various experimental techniques. Structural changes are investigated through dynamic properties. At low water content, various oil in water microemulsions are studied by light scattering using the model of dispersed interactive droplets. At higher water concentration electric conductivity probes macroscopic clusters over short times. By electric birefringence we probe and analyze the transient clustering on a microscopic scale. The first step of this aggregation is a dimer (cluster of two droplets). Finally the Fourier transform pulsed gradient spin echo N. M. R. Method provides multicomponent molecular self-diffusion data microstructure
Camus, Lydie. "Caractérisation par résonance magnétique nucléaire à l'état solide de silices hybrides." Paris 6, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003PA066415.
Full textRager, Marie-Noëlle. "Apport de la résonance magnétique nucléaire à l'étude du métabolisme bactérien." Paris 11, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006PA114830.
Full textKnowledge of metabolic features of each bacterial species is of major interest in the medical, environmental and biotechnological fields. This work shows the contribution made by NMR to the investigation of metabolic diversity notably thanks to its overall and noninvasive approach. Sugar metabolism was studied on Plesiomonas shigelloides, Pasteurella multocida, Aeromonas hydrophila and Escherichia coli. 13C NMR allowed us to characterize transport systems, metabolic pathways and flux. 31P NMR allowed us to study cellular energetic state evolution, enzymatic activities and to characterize regulation factors. Thus, new metabolic pathways could be described. These approaches were applied for the study of bacteria on various states: culturable, nonculturable and encapsulated in silica gel
Domanski, Michaël. "Etude par RMN (Résonance magnétique nucléaire) des interactions actine-thymosine beta4." Paris 6, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003PA066425.
Full textBoukadir, Saïd. "Caractérisation par résonance magnétique nucléaire des noyaux quadrupolaires à l'état solide." Lille 1, 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989LIL10100.
Full textYassine, Mohamad Mouhib. "Imagerie de la peau par résonance magnétique nucléaire à 0,1 Tesla." Paris 11, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988PA112362.
Full textBittoun, Jacques. "Un simulateur numérique d'imagerie par résonance magnétique nucléaire : conception et applications." Paris 11, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987PA112287.
Full textMassou, Stéphane. "Développements méthodologiques pour l'étude des systèmes membranaires par résonance magnétique nucléaire." Toulouse 3, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001TOU30082.
Full textLeclerc, Sébastien. "L'inhomogénéité du champ radiofréquence en résonance magnétique nucléaire : expériences et simulations." Nancy 1, 2004. http://docnum.univ-lorraine.fr/public/SCD_T_2004_0038_LECLERC.pdf.
Full textThis work deals with the use of radiofrequency field inhomogeneity in nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR). In a first chapter, we present a software for generating and simulating NMR pulse sequences, taking in account the various inhomogeneity types. These simulations were used to design experiments aimed at the determination of CSA-dipolar cross-correlation rate. The second chapter deals with the design of new procedures to select a thin slice of a sample and based on natural radiofrequency field inhomogeneity. We used these procedures, along with a vertical sample displacement, to observe the evolution of the NMR spectrum in a heterogeneous sample. In the third chapter, we present a new method for measuring self-diffusion coefficients based on slice selection procedures. This method was successfully tested on various compounds
Cadars, Sylvian. "La résonance magnétique nucléaire à haute résolution dans les solides désordonnés." Lyon, École normale supérieure (sciences), 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006ENSL0336.
Full textThe characterization at the molecular scale of structural disorder is a crucial issue for modern chemistry. To that end, nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) plays a crucial role for characterizing disordered solids, which are barely accessible through diffusion or diffraction methods. Through the improvement and the development of new multidimensional techniques, we have shown that correlations of isotropic interactions such as chemical shifts and scalar couplings between neighboring nuclei can be used to get deep insights into the origin and nature of the structural disorder. Our approach combines state-of-the-art high resolution NMR and calculations of NMR parameters at the functional density level of theory. Applications of the our methods to biopolymers, locally-ordered layered silicates, and to slightly disordered crystalline species have provided new insights into these systems, and opened new fields for the fine characterization of structural disorder at the molecular scale
Tsan, Pascale. "Étude magnétique, structurale et dynamique du cytochrome c' de Rhodobacter capsulatus par résonance magnétique nucléaire." Université Joseph Fourier (Grenoble ; 1971-2015), 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998GRE10106.
Full textBertani, Philippe. "Mesures de distances internucléaires par résonance magnétique nucléaire du solide haute résolution." Université Louis Pasteur (Strasbourg) (1971-2008), 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001STR13125.
Full textRoubaud, Valérie. "Synthèse de (pyrrolidin-2-YL)phosphonates dialkyliques par aminomercuration d'alcenyl alpha-aminophosphonates." Aix-Marseille 1, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994AIX11015.
Full textCharpentier, Thibault. "Résonance magnétique nucléaire haute-résolution sur les noyaux quadrupolaires dans les solides." Phd thesis, Université Paris Sud - Paris XI, 1998. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00002505.
Full textQuignard, Etienne. "Etude par résonance magnétique nucléaire d'oligodéoxynucléotides modifiés : méthylation de l'adénine et mésappariements." Paris 5, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988PA05P602.
Full textGodart, François. "Cathétérisme interventionnel et imagerie par résonance magnétique nucléaire dans les cardiopathies congénitales." Lille 2, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001LIL2MT13.
Full textRousseau, Bernard. "Contribution à l'étude structurale de fluides de gisement par résonance magnétique nucléaire." Paris 11, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987PA112404.
Full textMandard, Nicolas. "Etudes structurales de peptides antimicrobiens par résonance magnétique nucléaire et modélisation moléculaire." Orléans, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001ORLE2044.
Full textCuc-Mozolea, Diana. "Étude par Résonance Magnétique Nucléaire de complexes calixarène-cation métallique en solution." Thesis, Nancy 1, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008NAN10064/document.
Full textNuclear Magnetic Resonance spectroscopy is widely used for the study of host-guests complexes. However, the complexes between a calixarene (as the p-sulfonatocalix[4]arene which we used here) and monovalent metal cations (as cesium and thallium which are the subject of this thesis) were until know studied only by chemical shift measurements. In addition to chemical shift, this thesis will be primarily based on the dynamic parameters determined by NMR. The first idea was to measure the self-diffusion coefficients of the host and guest molecules. The relevant NMR technique which allows such measurements seems sufficiently developed so as to provide information on the nature of the complex (inclusion in the cavity of calixarene), its stoichiometry or its association constant. We then exploited the wealth of information arising from spin relaxation measurements. This information, known to be of both structural and dynamic nature, made it possible the characterization of these complexes in a very precise way. The carbons-13 relaxation measurements of calixarene itself were actually supplemented by the longitudinal and the transverse relaxation measurements of the two cations. Not only the inclusion of the two cations in the cavity was confirmed, but the precise localization could be obtained through the chemical shift anisotropy mechanism, which also, demonstrates clearly the existence of cation- interactions. We thus showed the perfect consistence of the interpretation of various NMR parameters for the characterization of the complexes studied in this thesis
Marmouset, Eric. "L'imagerie broncho-pulmonaire par résonance magnétique nucléaire : valeur et indications en 1990." Montpellier 1, 1990. http://www.theses.fr/1990MON11077.
Full textBarrere, Caroline. "Analyse de polymères synthétiques par résonance magnétique nucléaire et spectrométrie de masse." Thesis, Aix-Marseille 1, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011AIX10061/document.
Full textThis thesis work deals with two main analytical aspects of PEO-b-PS amphiphilic block copolymers, their structural characterization and their quantitation in mixture, using NMR and mass spectrometry. In a first part, a novel approach was developed for the determination of copolymer weight average molecular weight by PGSE NMR. The issue of MALDI mass analysis of PEO homopolymers functionalized with a labile nitroxide end-group for the purpose of nitroxide mediated polymerization of the PS block was also addressed. A multidisciplinary approach involving NMR, mass spectrometry and theoretical calculation gave rise to an efficient derivatization strategy aimed at allowing intact PEO adducts to be generated by MALDI. In addition, requirement for impurity quantitation in polymer samples led to the development of a rapid and accurate method using PGSE NMR. This approach, based on the measurement of magnetic relaxation times during PGSE experiments to enable signal intensity renormalization, evidenced the issue of transverse relaxation time estimation in the case of coupled spin systems. A novel NMR pulse sequence was hence proposed and successfully applied for accurate measurement of transverse relaxation times in a model case of a two-spin coupled system
Barrere, Caroline. "Analyse de polymères synthétiques par résonance magnétique nucléaire et spectrométrie de masse." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Aix-Marseille 1, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011AIX10061.
Full textThis thesis work deals with two main analytical aspects of PEO-b-PS amphiphilic block copolymers, their structural characterization and their quantitation in mixture, using NMR and mass spectrometry. In a first part, a novel approach was developed for the determination of copolymer weight average molecular weight by PGSE NMR. The issue of MALDI mass analysis of PEO homopolymers functionalized with a labile nitroxide end-group for the purpose of nitroxide mediated polymerization of the PS block was also addressed. A multidisciplinary approach involving NMR, mass spectrometry and theoretical calculation gave rise to an efficient derivatization strategy aimed at allowing intact PEO adducts to be generated by MALDI. In addition, requirement for impurity quantitation in polymer samples led to the development of a rapid and accurate method using PGSE NMR. This approach, based on the measurement of magnetic relaxation times during PGSE experiments to enable signal intensity renormalization, evidenced the issue of transverse relaxation time estimation in the case of coupled spin systems. A novel NMR pulse sequence was hence proposed and successfully applied for accurate measurement of transverse relaxation times in a model case of a two-spin coupled system
Lechéa, Nazim. "Étude et réalisation d'un dispositif de résonance magnétique nucléaire à bas champ magnétique en environnement ouvert et bruyant." Paris 6, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013PA066124.
Full textThis work is focused on the study and the implementation of an experimental device for Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR), under weak magnetic fields in an unshielded and open environment. It takes place within a broader context of instrumental physics, such as materials spectroscopy, medical imaging and diagnostic assistance. NMR is, for this purpose, a powerful technique to probe the heart of the matter, study its structure and molecular properties in a non-destructive and non-invasive way. In this work, an experimental device for low field NMR application has been studied. Using low magnetic field offers the possibility to use much simpler and less expensive magnets, as well as limits eddy currents in conductive materials and promotes the differences between biological tissues in Magnetic Resonance Imaging application. However, at low field, signals are very weak due to the strong dependence of the NMR signal on magnetic field strength when using conventional detection coil. To reduce this dependence and to obtain sufficient signal detectability, a SQUID operating at low critical temperature is used. The SQUID is combined with different types of gradiometer, whose purpose is to promote the sample signal from signals produced by distant spurious sources. By using analytical approach based on reciprocity principle, it was also shown that a planar configuration is more advantageous than axial configuration. The measurement system comprises also a superconducting switch, controlled by laser pulses via an optical fiber, which has been completely designed and developed during this thesis. It is used to protect the SQUID during the sample magnetization, to avoid dead time during signal acquisition phase and to control precisely all NMR sequences without adding much noise to the measurement device. The final experimental device was used to measure NMR signals from water sample, in a fully open environment under the influence of different types of low frequency noises (50 Hz and its harmonics, transformers, cars moving, elevators. . . ). For this purpose, low field NMR electronic was performed for acquiring signal and driving process. In addition, analog and digital signal processing methods were carried out. Hydrogen protons are pre-polarized under about 100 mT, while the relaxation is measured at very small field around 50 µT in the presence of the earth magnetic field giving frequencies around a few kilohertz
Vinograd, Igor. "Études par résonance magnétique nucléaire des ordres en compétition dans les cuprates supraconducteurs." Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes (ComUE), 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018GREAY064/document.
Full textCuprates are materials that can be tuned from an antiferromagnetic insulator to a normal metal by increasing the carrier density through chemical doping. At intermediate doping, a rich variety of electronic phases emerges alongside, or intertwined, with the superconducting phase. The aim of this thesis was to characterise various aspects of the competition between superconductivity and charge or spin order, using nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR).A first part of the work consisted in improving the modelling of 17O NMR spectra in the two charge-density wave (CDW) phases present in YBa2Cu3Oy: the short-range order and the (magnetic-field induced) long-range order. Besides providing a much more accurate analysis framework for NMR data as a function of field, doping and pressure (see hereafter), the results indicate that the CDW in high-fields is uniaxial (i.e. single wave vector q) and commensurate with the lattice, with a period of three unit cells (q=1/3).The second aspect of phase competition addressed in this work is the (controversial) effect of hydrostatic pressure. Our measurements show that a pressure of 1.9 GPa weakens the short-range CDW in the normal state and the long-range CDW observed in high fields only slightly. The results support the proposal that the continuous rise in Tc upon increasing pressure up to 15 GPa arises almost entirely from a gradual decrease of the CDW strength. This establishes hydrostatic pressure as a tuning parameter of the competition between CDW order and superconductivity in the cuprates.In the third part of the thesis, 139La spin-lattice relaxation rate (1/T1) measurements were used to study the effect of a magnetic field on glassy spin ordering in La2-xSrxCuO4. Using high fields up to 45 T, we reveal that the field is able to induce a frozen, or nearly so, phase at doping levels much higher than previously assumed, namely up to the putative endpoint of the pseudogap boundary, but not, or not far, beyond that point. This result has important implications for interpreting the pseudogap phase and its associated quantum criticality