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Caceres-Delpiano, Julio F. "Testing economic models of household resource allocation." College Park, Md. : University of Maryland, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/1903/2905.
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Thesis (Ph. D.) -- University of Maryland, College Park, 2005.Thesis research directed by: Economics. Title from t.p. of PDF. Includes bibliographical references. Published by UMI Dissertation Services, Ann Arbor, Mich. Also available in paper.
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Davy, Simon Mark. "Decentralised economic resource allocation for computational grids." Thesis, University of Leeds, 2008. http://etheses.whiterose.ac.uk/1369/.
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Grid computing is the concept of harnessing the power of many computational resources in a transparent manner. It is currently an active research area, with significant challenges due to the scale and level of heterogeneity involved. One of the key challenges in implementing grid systems is resource allocation. Currently, centralised approaches are employed that have limited scalability and reliability, which is a key factor in achieving a usable grid system. The field of economics is the study of allocating scarce resources using economic mechanisms. Such systems can be highly scalable, robust and adaptive and as such are a potential solution to the grid allocation problem. There is also a natural fit of the economic allocation metaphor to grid systems, given the diversity of autonomy of grid resources. We propose that an economic system is a suitable mechanism for grid resource allocation. We propose a simple market mechanism to explore this idea. Our system is a fully decentralised economic allocation scheme, which aims to achieve a high degree of scalability and reliability, and easily allows resources to retain their autonomy. We implement a simulation of a grid system to analyse this system, and explore its performance and scalability, with a comparison to existing systems. We use a network to facilitate communication between participating agents, and we pay particular attention to the topology of the network between participating agents, examining the effects of different topologies on the performance of the system.
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Tsang, Chun Kei. "Three essays on economic structure and resource allocation." HKBU Institutional Repository, 2020. https://repository.hkbu.edu.hk/etd_oa/748.
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This thesis aims at studying the issues of economic structure and resource allocation in development. Chapter 1 provides an introduction to economic development and gives an overview of this thesis. Chapter 2 reviews some theories and models about economic structure and structural change and points out that resource allocation is a critical factor in changing the economic structure. Five characteristics of economic structure and structural change are summarized. Essay 1 in Chapter 3 investigates the relationship between competitiveness and economic growth. Adopting the Global Competitiveness Index to represent competitiveness, we empirically show that there is a two-way causal relationship between competitiveness and economic growth. We further identify that the relationship between competitiveness and economic growth change in different development stages. Specifically, better competitiveness can enhance economic growth but not vice versa in developing countries. We therefore relate such a difference to the ability to transform resources into competitiveness. This is fundamentally a question about resource allocation. Finally, we link structural change with economic growth and show that enhancing competitiveness is equivalent to improving the capacity to change the economic structure. Essay 2 in Chapter 4 studies the impacts of sub-optimal resource allocation on economic growth by applying a new model to the case of the effectiveness of official development assistance (ODA). This new model analyzes economic growth through structural change by the difference between the observed and optimal levels of competitiveness. Regarding the positive and negative impacts of foreign aid on the receiving country in the literature, we show that the net impact of ODA depends on the value of bias caused by inefficient allocation of resources and the adoption of a biased value system. As a result, both positive and negative views of ODA in the literature are somewhat correct. In principle, ODA does work in the sense of helping needy countries providing they can allocate such additional resources efficiently. The cruel truth is that most receivers of ODA are unable to transform these resources to productive uses and even lower their economic growth. The development aid country donors or global institutions may therefore have to review their existing policy for granting aid.Essay 3 in Chapter 5 introduces a new framework to study two important structural issues in China: regional fragmentation and ownership distortion. We extend the output-oriented structural efficiency measure to include subgroups to evaluate potential gains of improving resource allocation within and among subgroups. The new framework is then applied to China's industrial sector. Applying our new method for policymaking, the empirical results advocate prioritizing ownership reform over regional reform in China. Specifically, by improving resource allocation among different ownerships, outputs of the whole industrial sector can be increased by 21% of the observed level. In contrast, the potential gains of reallocating resources between western and non-western regions are less than 1%. Such a conclusion cannot be drawn from other existing models of efficiency analysis. Finally, Chapter 6 concludes the whole thesis.
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Li, Faming. "Economic resource allocation in system simulation and control design." Connect to a 24 p. preview or request complete full text in PDF format. Access restricted to UC campuses, 2006. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/ucsd/fullcit?p3208009.
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Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of California, San Diego, 2006.Title from first page of PDF file (viewed May 18, 2006). Available via ProQuest Digital Dissertations. Vita. Includes bibliographical references (p. 127-131).
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Gunchinsuren, Enkhtuvshin. "Essays on Factor Returns, Resource Allocation and Economic Development." The Ohio State University, 2015. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1429569565.
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Lai, John Kwang. "Truthful and Fair Resource Allocation." Thesis, Harvard University, 2013. http://dissertations.umi.com/gsas.harvard:10928.
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How should we divide a good or set of goods among a set of agents? There are various constraints that we can consider. We consider two particular constraints. The first is fairness - how can we find fair allocations? The second is truthfulness - what if we do not know agents valuations for the goods being allocated? What if these valuations need to be elicited, and agents will misreport their valuations if it is beneficial? Can we design procedures that elicit agents' true valuations while preserving the quality of the allocation? We consider truthful and fair resource allocation procedures through a computational lens. We first study fair division of a heterogeneous, divisible good, colloquially known as the cake cutting problem. We depart from the existing literature and assume that agents have restricted valuations that can be succinctly communicated. We consider the problems of welfare-maximization, expressiveness, and truthfulness in cake cutting under this model. In the second part of this dissertation we consider truthfulness in settings where payments can be used to incentivize agents to truthfully reveal their private information. A mechanism asks agents to report their private preference information and computes an allocation and payments based on these reports. The mechanism design problem is to find incentive compatible mechanisms which incentivize agents to truthfully reveal their private information and simultaneously compute allocations with desirable properties. The traditional approach to mechanism design specifies mechanisms by hand and proves that certain desirable properties are satisfied. This limits the design space to mechanisms that can be written down and analyzed. We take a computational approach, giving computational procedures that produce mechanisms with desirable properties. Our first contribution designs a procedure that modifies heuristic branch and bound search and makes it usable as the allocation algorithm in an incentive compatible mechanism. Our second contribution draws a novel connection between incentive compatible mechanisms and machine learning. We use this connection to learn payment rules to pair with provided allocation rules. Our payment rules are not exactly incentive compatibility, but they minimize a measure of how much agents can gain by misreporting.Engineering and Applied Sciences
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Rajan, Balaji. "A security constrained ac economic dispatch framework for allocation of balanced and unbalanced financial transmission rights." [Tampa, Fla.] : University of South Florida, 2005. http://purl.fcla.edu/fcla/etd/SFE0001161.
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Burgwin, Drew H. "Comparison of dispatch call evaluation to patient acuity and the resulting resource allocation in emergency medical services." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 2000. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk2/ftp03/MQ54581.pdf.
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Custer, Brian Scott. "Blood safety and resource allocation : economic analyses of donated blood safety initiatives /." Thesis, Connect to this title online; UW restricted, 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/1773/7964.
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Kennedy, Christine. "Evaluating health interventions : a comparison of cost-benefit analysis and cost-effectiveness analysis employing radon-induced lung cancer prevention." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2000. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.365808.
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Shing, Chak Hung, and 盛澤鴻. "Invariance of resource allocation under the following contractual arrangements: share contract, piece rate andtime rate." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2001. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B31954686.
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Coeymans, Juan Eduardo. "Allocation of resources and sectoral growth in Chile an econometric approach /." Thesis, University of Oxford, 1989. http://catalog.hathitrust.org/api/volumes/oclc/32972800.html.
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Dissanayake, Tissa Kumara. "Alleviating the Disparities of Resource Allocation for Education in Sri Lanka| Towards a Possible Macro-Economic Growth." Thesis, Franklin Pierce University, 2015. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=3731245.
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The main purpose of this study is the examination of how, an equitable distribution of educational resources would factor in as a contributor to more favorable economic growth of Sri Lanka. If the better facilities, and additional educational resources, offered to urban communities are extended to the rural sector that will increase human productivity, leading in turn, to macro-economic growth and economic development. I have derived and tabulated pertinent statistical data so as to answer the research questions entailed by my inquiry. That has been followed by the conclusions and recommendations sections. Qualitative methods were used to interview rural communities with the aim of analyzing their concerns, anxieties and trepidations from a variety of perspectives involving politics, economics, psychology, sociology and culture. A detailed description of inequitable educational resource distribution among rural communities is included in the document which shows the negative impacts to the macro-economic growth of short-sighted and irrational practices. Thereafter, the study has focused on the lack of leadership characteristics of Sri Lankan political policy makers.
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Salazar, Domínguez Julián G. "The political determinants of resource allocation in Mexican municipalities : the fund for municipal social infrastructure." Thesis, University of Sussex, 2011. http://sro.sussex.ac.uk/id/eprint/6306/.
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This research explores the political factors that affect the allocation of antipoverty funds in Mexican municipalities. Specifically, it analyses whether the adoption of FAISM, a decentralised fiscal fund intended to reduce poverty, did, in fact, help provide better services for the poor or if it was capture by political influence. In this sense, my work addresses a classic question of when and how political institutions can effectively improve the allocation of antipoverty funds. In the last decade, an ambitious decentralisation process was promoted in Mexico as a way to strengthen local governance and hence improve basic service provision. The idea was to limit politician‟s influence on resource allocation and return decision making to the people. By looking at more than 57,000 FAISM projects carried out in 122 municipalities of Estado de Mexico between 1998 and 2006 my work argues that political influence could not be circumvented and clientelism remained as a common political practice to allocate antipoverty funds. My findings demonstrate that the three major political parties relied on FAISM to obtain political benefits through the allocation of private goods. Regarding the effects of democratic institutions, my work demonstrates that greater party competition increases the probability that FAISM was used for public benefit. Similarly, there is a propensity towards greater spending on clientelism during elections. Although these factors influence the allocation of municipal funds, my work does not find concluding evidence to test the impact of fund allocation and poverty reduction. My dissertation makes three important contributions to the literature. Substantively, it qualifies the premise that clientelistic linkages between voters and politicians prevail and shows the conditions under which local politicians strategically allocate antipoverty funds for political gain. A second, methodological, contribution is the use of a more refined measure of social spending at the municipal level by looking at the split between public and private goods. Finally, this dissertation seeks to inform the longstanding debate about the ways in which democratic politics can contribute to effective poverty reduction.
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Wolfson, Avidon M. "Technological innovation, venture formation and resource allocation : the impact of economic downturn on life sciences venture capital and start-ups." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/59777.
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Thesis (S.M. in Technology and Policy)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Engineering Systems Division, 2010.Cataloged from PDF version of thesis.
Includes bibliographical references (p. 70-73).
The Massachusetts life sciences supercluster is a source of tremendous innovation. The Commonwealth's academic and industrial institutions produce a consistent stream of cutting-edge scientific research and the region has a well-developed professional and financial infrastructure to support the translation of these ideas into useful products. Venture capital (VC) plays a particularly important role in this ecosystem. VC funding is essential to most life sciences companies due to their high research and development costs and long time to market. The economic downturn of 2008 led to a rapid and significant contraction in the ability of venture capital firms to raise the funding that supports their work. We use this setting to test the impact of a funding shock on life sciences focused venture capital resource allocation. Specifically we looked at the rate and direction of funding choices made by venture capitalists before and after the downturn. We analyzed data on yearly venture capital fundraising and 22,345 observations of investment dyads between venture capital firms and the portfolio companies which they invested in from the ten year period beginning in the year 2000. Additionally, seventy-six interviews with stakeholders in the Massachusetts life sciences community were conducted to help us understand the actual impact of data trends. This resulted in four major findings: (1) Although all venture capital fundraising was hindered in 2008 and 2009, life sciences focused venture funds were impacted disproportionately lightly in 2008 and disproportionately severely in 2009. (2) There has been a decline in the mean level of venture capital funding that companies are receiving. (3) The rate of new company formation is slowing as the rate of reinvestment in existing companies increases. (4) Innovation is being negatively impacted as fewer new companies translate technology into useful products and existing companies scale back their research and development pipelines.
by Avidon M. Wolfson.
S.M.in Technology and Policy
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Cecil, Noah. "Income inequality and the probability of violent revolt." Oberlin College Honors Theses / OhioLINK, 2007. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=oberlin1354815326.
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Smit, And́ré de Villiers. "A methodology to improve third sector investment strategies : the development and application of a Western Cape based financial resource allocation decision making model /." Link to the online version, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/1075.
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Kandi, Mohamed Mehdi. "Allocation de ressources élastique pour l'optimisation de requêtes." Thesis, Toulouse 3, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019TOU30172.
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Le Cloud Computing est devenu un moyen largement utilisé pour l'interrogation de bases de données. Les fournisseurs de cloud actuels proposent une variété de services implémentés sur des architectures parallèles. Les objectifs de performances et les éventuelles pénalités dans le cas de violation sont établis au préalable dans un contrat appelé Service-Level Agreement (SLA). Le but du fournisseur est de maximiser son bénéfice tout en respectant les besoins des locataires. Avant la naissance des systèmes cloud, plusieurs travaux ont considéré le problème d'allocation de ressources pour l'interrogation de bases de données sur des architectures parallèles. Le plan d'exécution de chaque requête est un graphe de tâches dépendantes. L'expression "allocation de ressources" dans ces travaux sous-entend souvent le placement des tâches sur les ressources disponibles et aussi leur ordonnancement qui tient compte des liens de dépendance. Le but consistait principalement à minimiser le temps d'exécution de requêtes et maximiser l'utilisation de ressources. Par contre, dans le cloud ce but ne garantit pas nécessairement le meilleur bénéfice économique pour le fournisseur. Afin de maximiser le bénéfice et satisfaire les besoins des locataires, il est essentiel d'inclure le modèle économique et les SLAs dans le processus d'allocation de ressources. En effet, les besoins des locataires en terme de performances sont différents, il serait donc intéressant d'allouer les ressources d'une façon qui favorise les locataires les plus exigeants en assurant quand même une certaine qualité de service pour les locataires les moins exigeants. De plus, dans le cloud le nombre de ressources attribuées peut augmenter/diminuer selon la demande (élasticité) et le coût monétaire dépend du nombre de ressources attribuées, il devient donc intéressant de mettre en place un mécanisme pour choisir automatiquement le moment adéquat pour ajouter ou supprimer des ressources en fonction de la charge (dimensionnement automatique). Nous nous intéressons dans le cadre de cette thèse à la conception de méthodes d'allocation de ressources élastique pour les services d'interrogation de bases de données dans le cloud : (1) une méthode d'allocation de ressources statique en deux phases pour assurer un bon compromis entre le bénéfice du fournisseur et la satisfaction des locataires, tout en garantissant un coût d'allocation raisonnable, (2) une méthode de réallocation de ressources dirigée par les SLAs pour limiter l'impact des erreurs d'estimation sur le bénéfice et (3) une méthode de dimensionnement automatique basée sur l'apprentissage par renforcement qui répond aux spécificités de l'interrogation de bases de données. Afin d'évaluer nos contributions, nous avons implémenté nos méthodes dans un environnement cloud simulé et nous les avons comparées à des méthodes de l'état de l'art en terme de coût monétaire de l'exécution de requêtes ainsi que le coût d'allocationCloud computing has become a widely used way to query databases. Today's cloud providers offer a variety of services implemented on parallel architectures. Performance targets and possible penalties in case of violation are established in advance in a contract called Service-Level Agreement (SLA). The provider's goal is to maximize its benefit while respecting the needs of tenants. Before the birth of cloud systems, several studies considered the problem of resource allocation for database querying in parallel architectures. The execution plan for each query is a graph of dependent tasks. The expression "Resource allocation" in this context often implies the placement of tasks within available resources and also their scheduling that takes into account dependencies between tasks. The main goal was to minimize query execution time and maximize the use of resources. However, this goal does not necessarily guarantee the best economic benefit for the provider in the cloud. In order to maximize the provider's benefit and meet the needs of tenants, it is important to include the economic model and SLAs in the resource allocation process. Indeed, the needs of tenants in terms of performance are different, so it would be interesting to allocate resources in a way that favors the most demanding tenants and ensure an acceptable quality of service for the least demanding tenants. In addition, in the cloud the number of assigned resources can increase/decrease according to demand (elasticity) and the monetary cost depends on the number of assigned resources, so it would be interesting to set up a mechanism to automatically choose the right moment to add or remove resources according to the load (auto-scaling). In this thesis, we are interested in designing elastic resource allocation methods for database queries in the cloud. This solution includes: (1) a static two-phase resource allocation method to ensure a good compromise between provider benefit and tenant satisfaction, while ensuring a reasonable allocation cost, (2) an SLA-driven resource reallocation to limit the impact of estimation errors on the benefit and (3) an auto-scaling method based on reinforcement learning that meet the specificities of database queries. In order to evaluate our contributions, we have implemented our methods in a simulated cloud environment and compared them with state-of-the-art methods in terms of monetary cost of the execution of queries as well as the allocation cost
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Ramadhani, Uri Arta. "Evaluation of the Profitability of Quality of Experience-based Resource Allocation Deployment in LTE Network : A Techno-economic Assessment based on Quality of Experience in Video Traffic." Thesis, KTH, Radio Systems Laboratory (RS Lab), 2017. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-218073.
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In the current mobile telecommunication market, with slow growth in mobile subscriptions and increasing traffi demand, each mobile operator needs to manage their customer loyalty in order to maintain position in the market. To retain their customer's loyalty, the user quality of satisfaction needs to be preserved. Integrating a Quality of Experience (QoE) approach into a radio resource scheduling scheme can be a means to improve user quality of satisfaction to a service. However, the enhancement of existing resource allocation management to support a QoE-based resource scheduling scheme needs a careful consideration since it will impact the mobile operator's investment cost. A profitability assessment of QoE-based resource allocation is required as a basis for the mobile operator to forecast their potential benefit of QoE-based resource scheduling deployment. This thesis investigated the profitability of deploying QoE-based radio resource management (RRM) in terms of revenue loss compared to proportional fair (PF) scheduling, a widely used resource allocation scheme, in delivering a streaming video service. In QoE-based RRM, a buffering percentage experienced by a user was considered in the resource allocation decision process. The two scheduling schemes were simulated in different network configurations. User satisfaction was quantified in terms of mean opinion score. Given the degree of satisfaction for each user, a number of users who would be likely to churn was obtained. A cost-benefit assessment was then conducted by predicting revenue loss due to customer churn. The results from the simulation and cost analysis show that although QoE-based resource scheduling provides users with a higher degree of satisfaction for more base stations, the utilization of a QoE-based resource scheduler does not offer significant benefit to the network operator with regard to revenue loss and deployment cost when compared to a PF scheduler. This outcome indicates that if the business target is to reduce customer churn, then the operator should utilize a PF scheduler for their RRM scheme.Den nuvarande mobiltelefonimarknaden kännetecknas av svag tillväxt av nya kunder men ett ökat nyttjande bland existerande kunder av företagens tjänster. Kundlojalitet har blivit en avgörande faktor för att uppnå en stark marknadsposition. Kundernas upplevda kvalitet utav mobiltjänsterna behöver upprätthållas på en hög nivå för att tillfredställa denna lojalitet. Att applicera en upplevad kvalitet (QoE) metod i en radio resurs kan vara ett medel till att förbättra kundernas upplevda kvalitet av mobiltj änsten. För att undersöka ifall en sådan tjänst är lönsam är det dock nödvändigt att en lönsamhetskalkyl genomförs, där investeringskostnad och systemets driftkostnad vägs mot eventuella intäkter. En lönsamhetsbedömning av QoE-baserad resursallokering krävs som grund för mobiloperatören att förutse deras potentiella fördelar med QoE-baserad resursschemaläggning. Denna uppsats undersöker lönsamheten av att implementera QoE i termer av förlorade intäkter, jämfört med proportionell rättvis (PF) schemaläggning, i att leverera en videoströmservice. I QoE-baserad RRM användes buffertprocentandel som användes av användarna i resursallokeringsprocessen. De två olika systemen simulerades genom att använda olika antal basstationer i mobilnätverkskonfigurationen. Användarnöjdhet kvantifierades genom att låta användarna betygsätta tjänsten, detta värde användes därefter till att uppskatta hur många av kunderna som sannolikt ej skulle återanvända tjänsten. En lönsamhetskalkyl genomfördes genom att prediktera förlorade intäkter med avseende på kunderna som ej skulle återanvända tjänsten. Resultaten från simulerings- och lönsamhetsberäkningen visade att även om QoE erbjuder en högre kundnöjdhet av tjänsten och tillfredsställelse för er basstationer, så leder inte en QoE-implementering till signikanta fördelar för nätverket i termer av förlorade intäkter och investeringskostnader jämfört med ett PF schemaläggare. Detta indikerar att om ett företags mål är att höja kundlojaliteten, då skall företaget applicera en PF schemaläggare istället för QoE.
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Smit, Andre de Villiers. "A methodology to improve third sector investment strategies: the development and application of a Western Cape based financial resource allocation decision making model." Thesis, Stellenbosch : University of Stellenbosch, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/1075.
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Thesis (DPhill (Social Work))—University of Stellenbosch, 2005.South Africa has high levels of social need which are steadily growing. While the third sector is large and contributes substantially to social service provision, it together with government is seemingly incapable of providing adequate social services, particularly in the more poverty-stricken rural areas of the country. Among other, at the root of the third sector’s inability to adequately serve the needy, is a lack of funding caused by poor funding policies and uninformed financial resource allocation decision making. As such, this study set out to develop an automated financial resource allocation decision making model that would provide extensive organised data to better inform the allocation decision making process – the first component of the study. It was also purposed to provide a range of otherwise lacking empirical data on the third sector to determine service and staffing norms, patterns of funding and to assess financial management of this sector. In so doing the Community Chest of the Western Cape was selected to serve as the locus of the study – their existing manual allocation approach was analysed and a new more sophisticated automated model was developed. Data generated by the model pointed to a further research need, that of a better understanding of the funding and financial management practices of the third sector. This gave rise to the third component of the study, a survey of 232 beneficiary organisations of the Community Chest. An analysis of the data generated by the model and collected from the survey highlighted yet another need, the poor financial management acumen of the sector. In order to address this need and hence the efficacy of the model, a survey of 207 University of Cape Town management accounting students was conducted to determine the feasibility of using their financial management knowledge and skills to support financially and IT-illiterate organisations – the fourth component of the study. The study primarily adopted a quantitative research paradigm; the research design was exploratory-descriptive and used a primary data design with limited secondary data analysis. Data was captured in MS Access and analysed using Statistica and MS Excel. Results indicated that the country’s funding policies were wanting and that the allocation of state and state-controlled funding agency resources were not being allocated in concert with adopted policy. In almost all cases the poorer rural areas had and received fewer resources. Most organisations surveyed were not financially secured and their ability to fundraise was very limited. Their financial management ability was not good. Fortunately a substantial number of accounting students indicated a willingness to improve the financial management ability of such needy organisations. The study concludes by recommending further development of the model, utilisation of accounting students and calls for a major assessment of third sector needs, its funding and financial management. It also recommends the formulation of new funding policies.
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Martinoty, Laurine. "Intrahousehold Allocation of Time and Consumption during Hard Times." Thesis, Lyon, École normale supérieure, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015ENSL1021/document.
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Les conséquences des chocs économiques négatifs sur les ménages ont été documentés extensivement, mais on en sait beaucoup moins sur la manière dont ces chocs sont transmis aux individus à travers la médiation du ménage. Le ménage contribue-il à modérer l'effet des chocs négatifs ? Dans quelle mesure le choc économique pèse-t-il dans la négociation familiale ? À partir de données sur la crise économique argentine de 2001, je montre d'abord que les femmes en couple ont une plus grande probabilité de devenir actives si leur mari a fait l'expérience d'un choc de revenu. Ensuite, je montre que le cycle économique importe dans les décisions d'investissement en capital humain. Sur le long terme, les profils de salaire et d'employabilité des hommes argentins sont affectés de manière persistante par les conditions économiques initiales au moment de l'obtention du diplôme. Enfin, je considère la dimension “man-cession” de la crise économique de 2009 en Espagne et montre que la part des ressources du ménage reçues par les femmes pour leur consommation privée augmente avec la diminution de l'écart des taux de chômage hommes-femmes, confortant l'hypothèse que les chocs négatifs modifient le pouvoir de négociation des individus au sein du ménageThe consequences of adverse aggregate shocks on households have been repeatedly documented, but far less has been said on the way they are passed over to individuals through the mediation of the household. Does the household contribute in mitigating the effects? Or does the economic shock rather invite itself at the family negociating table? Using the Argentine 2001 economic crisis as a natural experiment, I first show that married women are more likely to enter the labor market if their husband experienced a loss in income, giving credit to the insurance mechanism. Then, I show that the business cycle matters for investments in education, and that long run labor outcomes of Argentine men are persistently affected by the initial conditions upon graduation. Finally, I consider the “Mancession” dimension of the Great Recession in Spain and demonstrate that the resource share accruing to wives for own consumption increases together with the decreasing unemployment gap, which comes in support to the bargaining hypothesis
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Rezagholi, Mahmoud. "Cost-Efficient Designs for Assessing Work-Related Biomechanical Exposures." Doctoral thesis, Uppsala universitet, Institutionen för medicinska vetenskaper, 2012. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-185526.
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Work-related disorders due to biomechanical exposures have been subject to extensive research. Studies addressing these exposures have, however, paid limited attention to an efficient use of resources in exposure assessment. The present thesis investigates cost-efficient procedures for assessment of work-related biomechanical exposures, i.e. procedures aiming at a proper balance between statistical and economic performance. Paper I is a systematic review of tools used in literature providing cost-efficient data collection designs. Two main approaches were identified in nine publications, i.e. comparing cost efficiency among alternative data collection designs, and optimizing resource allocation between different stages of data collection, e.g. subjects and samples within subjects. The studies presented, in general, simplified analyses, in particular with respect to economics. Paper II compared the cost-efficiency of four video-based techniques for assessing upper arm postures. The comparison was based both on a comprehensive model of cost and error and additionally on two simplified models. Labour costs were a dominant factor in the cost efficiency comparison. Measurement bias and costs other than labour cost influenced the rank and economic evaluation of the assessment techniques. Paper III compared the cost efficiency of different combinations of direct and indirect methods for exposure assessments. Although a combination of methods could significantly reduce the total cost of obtaining a desired level of precision, the total cost was, in the investigated scenario, lowest when only direct measurements were performed. However, when the total number of measurements was fixed, a combination was the most cost efficient choice. In Paper IV, demand functions were derived for a four-stage measurement strategy with the focus of either minimizing the cost for a required precision, or maximizing the precision for a predetermined budget. The paper presents algorithms for identifying optimal values of measurement inputs at all four stages, adjusted to integers, as necessary for practical application. In summary, the thesis shows that it is important to address all sources of costs and errors associated with alternative measurement designs in any particular study, and that an optimal determination of samples at different stages can be identified in several cases not previously addressed in the literature.
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Behboodi, Kalhori Sahand. "Market-based demand response integration in super-smart grids in the presence of variable renewable generation." Thesis, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/1828/7982.
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Variable generator output levels from renewable energies is an important technical obstacle to the transition from fossil fuels to renewable resources. Super grids and smart grids are among the most effective solutions to mitigate generation variability. In a super grid, electric utilities within an interconnected system can share generation and reserve units so that they can produce electricity at a lower overall cost. Smart grids, in particular demand response programs, enable flexible loads such as plug-in electric vehicles and HVAC systems to consume electricity preferntially in a grid-friendly way that assists the grid operator to maintain the power balance. These solutions, in conjunction with energy storage systems, can facilitate renewable integration.
This study aims to provide an understanding of the achievable benefits from integrating demand response into wholesale and retail electricity markets, in particular in the presence of significant amounts of variable generation. Among the options for control methods for demand response, market-based approaches provide a relatively efficient use of load flexibility, without restricting consumers' autonomy or invading their privacy. In this regard, a model of demand response integration into bulk electric grids is presented to study the interaction between variable renewables and demand response in the double auction environment, on an hourly basis. The cost benefit analysis shows that there exists an upper limit of renewable integration, and that additional solutions such as super grids and/or energy storage systems are required to go beyond this threshold.
The idea of operating an interconnection in an unified (centralized) manner is also explored. The traditional approach to the unit commitment problem is to determine the dispatch schedule of generation units to minimize the operation cost. However, in the presence of price-sensitive loads (market-based demand response), the maximization of economic surplus is a preferred objective to the minimization of cost. Accordingly, a surplus-maximizing hour-ahead scheduling problem is formulated, and is then tested on a system that represents a 20-area reduced model of the North America Western Interconnection for the planning year 2024. The simulation results show that the proposed scheduling method reduces the total operational costs substantially, taking advantage of renewable generation diversity.
The value of demand response is more pronounced when ancillary services (e.g. real-time power balancing and voltage/frequency regulation) are also included along with basic temporal load shifting. Relating to this, a smart charging strategy for plug-in electric vehicles is developed that enables them to participate in a 5-minute retail electricity market. The cost reduction associated with implementation of this charging strategy is compared to uncontrolled charging. In addition, an optimal operation method for thermostatically controlled loads is developed that reduces energy costs and prevents grid congestion, while maintaining the room temperature in the comfort range set by the consumer. The proposed model also includes loads in the energy imbalance market.
The simulation results show that market-based demand response can contribute to a significant cost saving at the sub-hourly level (e.g. HVAC optimal operation), but not at the super-hourly level. Therefore, we conclude that demand response programs and super grids are complementary approaches to overcoming renewable generation variation across a range of temporal and spatial scales.Graduate
0791
sahandbehboodi@gmail.com
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Wu, Cheng-Tse, and 吳政澤. "The Economic Analysis of Crime and Resource Allocation." Thesis, 2007. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/74043729984957396286.
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"Identification of intra-household resource allocation: extensions and alternative approaches." Chinese University of Hong Kong, 1996. http://library.cuhk.edu.hk/record=b5888799.
Full textAbstract:
Yuk-fai Fong.Thesis (M.Phil.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 1996.
Includes bibliographical references (leaves 69-71).
Chapter 1. --- Introduction --- p.1
Chapter 2. --- Review of Related Literature and Motivation of Research
Chapter 2.1 --- "Browning, Bourguignon, Chiappori and Lechene (1994)" --- p.6
Chapter 2.2 --- Chiappori (1992) --- p.9
Chapter 2.3 --- "Bourguignon, Browning, Chiappori and Lechene (1993)" --- p.10
Chapter 2.4 --- Motivation of Research --- p.11
Chapter 3. --- The Identification of non-assignable consumption
Chapter 3.1 --- Extension from Previous Results --- p.15
Chapter 3.2 --- An Alternative Approach --- p.18
Chapter 4. --- Identification in case of Incomplete Observation of Private Expenditure
Chapter 4.1 --- The BBCL Approach --- p.22
Chapter 4.2 --- An Alternative Approach of Identification --- p.24
Chapter 4.3 --- Inclusion of Exogenous variables in Sharing Rule: Structural vs. Reduced form --- p.30
Chapter 4.4 --- Test for Omission of Some Items in the Total Private Expenditure --- p.35
Chapter 4.5 --- Designation of Nature of Goods- A Remark --- p.36
Chapter 5. --- Extension to Include Private Leisure as a Choice Variable of Individuals
Chapter 5.1 --- Difficulties in Identification of Sharing Rule of Total Private Expenditure in a Framework of Free Labor Choice --- p.38
Chapter 5.2 --- Identification of Sharing Rule of Total Private Expenditure Without Observation of Private Leisure --- p.41
Chapter 5.3 --- Identification of Sharing Rule in Structural Form with the Observation of Unearned Incomes --- p.46
Chapter 6. --- Possibility of Identifying the Sharing Rule of Total Private Expenditure under Incomplete Observation of Consumption of Commodities --- p.49
Chapter 6.1 --- Identification of ) --- p.50
Chapter 7. --- Parametric Examples for Illustration
Chapter 7.1 --- Example I --- p.57
Chapter 7.2 --- Example II --- p.61
Chapter 8. --- Conclusion --- p.65
Appendix --- p.67
Reference --- p.69
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Inampudi, Venkata Srihari. "A Real Time Web Based Electronic Triage, Resource Allocation and Hospital Dispatch System for Emergency Response." 2011. https://scholarworks.umass.edu/theses/541.
Full textAbstract:
Disasters are characterized by large numbers of victims and required resources, overwhelming the available resources. Disaster response involves various entities like Incident Commanders, dispatch centers, emergency operations centers, area command and hospitals. An effective emergency response system should facilitate coordination between these various entities. Victim triage, emergency resource allocation and victim dispatch to hospitals form an important part of an emergency response system. In this present research effort, an emergency response system with the aforementioned components is developed.
Triage is the process of prioritizing mass casualty victims based on severity of injuries. The system presented in this thesis is a low-cost victim triage system with RFID tags that aggregate all victim information within a database. It will allow first responders' movements to be tracked using GPS. A web-based real time resource allocation tool that can assist the Incident Commanders in resource allocation and transportation for multiple simultaneous incidents has been developed. This tool ensures that high priority resources at emergency sites are received in least possible time. This web-based tool also computes the patient dispatch schedule from each disaster site to each hospital. Patients are allocated to nearest hospitals with available medical facilities. This tool can also assist resource managers in emergency resource planning by computing the time taken to receive required resources from the nearest depots using Google Maps. These web-based tools complements emergency response systems by providing decision-making capabilities.
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Chen, Wang Yung, and 王永成. "The Study on Economic Benefits of Resource Allocation in Higher Education." Thesis, 2000. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/36348551885293645228.
Full textAbstract:
碩士國立暨南國際大學
教育政策與行政研究所
88
The study is according to international higher education about economic development and investment analysis. And it try to introduce the indicator on the higher education domain.The goals of this research are to clarify the meaning, purpose and background of higher education The first,from the market concept going, the relation of the higher education and the development the other countries understand. By the OECD and UNESCO papers to know the Main Country (including SA,UK,JN,FR,GR) develop. The second ,it want to know the develpment of higher education in ROC , by the papers the ME, ME,MA,CL,CMD of the Executive Yuan etc. To establish performance the research fit historic analysis method and economic statistic method. First of all, it starts at higher education function ,aims,background , models,limits and overall the other countries quality concepts. Secondly, it use the SPSS, EXCEL, S-PLUS,MINITAB etc the relationship between higher education factor relation and then realizes the strategy of fit to do. According to build the integrated strategy or economic models. Finally, this research discusses the related analysis by the liner programming , net value, cost —benefits etc According to the process, the answers includes： 1.higher Education economic benefits are to attept to allocation the limit resources , and to support the public and private university for the economic rules process.; then the demand corresponding its background can be satisfied to achieve three goals: wider range options, better resources allocation,and education quality. 2. To implement higher education benefits, it includes some factors: evaluation,expeniture,teaching,research and so on, by the entreprize,society,govenrnment and fulfilled by coordinated county, There are many modules with different characteristics for higher education. Before choosing specific modules, government should consider their features expediently. 3. Viewing development of higher education , there are beginning to increase and stain stisuation country''s responsibility, management and assitnat upon higher education, against this one it will be a fit and object strategy to overcome. 4. To implement higher education reform, it is necessary to have a series of corresponding strategies including procedure planning and coordinated ractice.higher. Education has shaped the important trend in worldwide education reform. Though our country hasn''t come out concretepolicy yet, relative projects are promoted gradually, and parts of law arerevised accordingly. In the long-term view, it is possible to put higher education into law correcting, which interviews commonly the education function. Finally, the research suggests the following points for higher education to our country. 1. Though higher education goals are multifarious, its characteristics need to be considered firstly, such as firm educational ideal, maintaining educational environment and culture, and educational quality asthe priority. 2. Government has to set up and revise the related law, as higher education implementation has to base on law. 3. It is necessary to follow the proper procedure to implement higher education., government needs to establish a series of strategies for corresponding limitations. 4. Government should prioritize higher education, as the object of education implementation. As the role for the change of education direction to the consuels and assistance. And to put the rights under the local, as the rights improver and implier. 5. To build the higher education indicator or evaluation institute ,in order to support the ME it distrubute the resouce refrence by the evaluation of education quility. 6.The important of indicator to survey and create , for example, the national education research center to build, it make different higher education benefits evaluting, it will support the refrence of higher manpower supplies and demands in the future.
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Lee, Yen-Yu 1984. "Improving electricity market efficiency : from market monitoring to reserve allocation." Thesis, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/2152/ETD-UT-2012-05-5426.
Full textAbstract:
This dissertation proposes new methods to improve the efficiency of electricity markets with respect to market monitoring and reserve allocation. We first present new approaches to monitor the level of competition in electricity markets, a critical task for helping the markets function smoothly. The proposed approaches are based on economic principles and a faithful representation of transmission constraints. The effectiveness of the new approaches is demonstrated by examples based on medium- and large-scale electric power systems. We then propose a new system-operation model using stochastic optimization to systematically allocate reserves under uncertainty. This model aims to overcome the difficulties in both system and market operations caused by the integration of wind power, which results in a higher degree of supply uncertainty. The numerical examples suggest that the proposed model significantly lower the operation costs, especially under high levels of wind penetration.text
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Brydon, Michael. "A market-based approach to resource allocation in manufacturing." Thesis, 2000. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/11113.
Full textAbstract:
In this thesis, a framework for market-based resource allocation in manufacturing is
developed and described. The most salient feature of the proposed framework is that
it builds on a foundation of well-established economic theory and uses the theory to
guide both the agent and market design. There are two motivations for introducing
the added complexity of the market metaphor into a decision-making environment
that is traditionally addressed using monolithic, centralized techniques. First, markets
are composed of autonomous, self-interested agents with well defined boundaries,
capabilities, and knowledge. By decomposing a large, complex decision problem along
these lines, the task of formulating the problem and identifying its many conflicting
objectives is simplified. Second, markets provide a means of encapsulating the many
interdependencies between agents into a single mechanism—price. By ignoring the
desires and objectives of all other agents and selfishly maximizing their own expected
utility over a set of prices, the agents achieve a high degree of independence from one
another. Thus, the market provides a means of achieving distributed computation.
To test the basic feasibility of the market-based approach, a prototype, system is used
to generate solutions to small instances of a very general class of manufacturing
scheduling problems. The agents in the system bid in competition with other agents
to secure contracts for scarce production resources. In order to accurately model the
complexity and uncertainty of the manufacturing environment, agents are
implemented as decision-theoretic planners. By using dynamic programming, the
agents can determine their optimal course of action given their resource requirements.
Although each agent-level planning problem (like the global level planning problem)
induces an unsolvably large Markov Decision Problem, the structured dynamic
programming algorithm exploits sources of independence within the problem and is
shown to greatly increase the size of problems that can be solved in practice.
In the final stage of the framework, an auction is used to determine the ultimate
allocation of resource bundles to parts. Although the resulting combinational auctions
are generally intractable, highly optimized algorithms do exist for finding efficient
equilibria. In this thesis, a heuristic auction protocol is introduced and is shown to be
capable of eliminating common modes of market failure in combinational auctions.
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Wei, Shang-Chia, and 魏上佳. "Economic-driven Resource Allocation Model for Reliable Grid-computing Service based on Grid Bank." Thesis, 2013. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/49600600236196536093.
Full textAbstract:
博士國立清華大學
工業工程與工程管理學系
101
A grid-computing service, united by numerous distributed and heterogeneous resources, supplies various advanced and cumbersome problems in terms of high-performance computing. Based on reciprocal transactions of a Grid Bank [24], this dissertation presents an economics-driven resource allocation model to determine the grid-computing service reliability for the service level agreement and to evaluate grid-computing service expenditure for the free rider problem. In terms of the probability of completing the task, this paper initially converts the grid system into a multi-state unreliable network and then estimates the service reliability in a tree topology using a simulation method (i.e., cellular automata Monte-Carlo simulation, CA-MCS) and in star topology using an analytic method (i.e., universal generating function methodology, UGFM). This paper also proposes virtual payment assessment to appraise the rental-time cost for each resource’s contribution. In order to determine the best resource allocation for a given rental-time cost and guaranteed reliability, this paper presents two revised meta-heuristic algorithms (i.e., GA and PSO), wherein Elite-selected and Reborn (ER) mechanisms improve the optimization effectiveness and a Pareto-set Cluster evolves the Pareto frontier. Accordingly, the economics-driven resource model saves total rental-time cost and ensures that the grid-computing service is reliable.
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Hsieh, Shun-hua, and 謝舜華. "A Study of the Impact of the Modified Economic Value Added Compensation System on the Resource Allocation." Thesis, 2008. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/00687459837887754178.
Full textAbstract:
碩士東吳大學
會計學系
96
In the process of deciding the capital expenditure, the management of an enterprise expects to maximize the compensation (the total profit of business) and optimize the resource allocation; nevertheless, the strategic objective of a manager of a section is to maximize the self-interested compensation. In other words, the interest conflict exists between the self-interested motivations of the management of an enterprise and a manager of a section. With the authorized management and limited resources, this study designs two compensation-system models comprised of the basis of economic value added (EVA) deducting the cost of capital utility from the residual interest of an enterprise. One is the original EVA compensation system deducting the liability and shareholders’ weighed average capital cost as the basis of the compensation. The other is the modified EVA compensation system employing the alternative decucting program replacing the investment program to predict the rate of return and adopting the opportunity cost adjusted by the opportunity-cost correction factors as the basis of the compensation. Meanwhile, it utilizes the equilibrium analysis and numerical analysis of Game Theory to understand whether an enterprise can optimize the resource allocation under the limited resources as raising the specific capital source for facilitating the compensation system to match the objective of maximal compensation. With the deciding situation of the highest management and the investment program proposed by a manager as the variables, the compensation system is simulated through Game Theory. It is found that the original EVA compensation system enables Nash equilibrium point to fall on the strategic composition of both high expected returns from two managers in diverse sections leading to the improper resource allocation. Nonetheless, the modified EVA compensation system in this study enables Nash equilibrium point and the superior strategy adopted by the managers both fall on the strategic composition of the optimal resource allocation leading to the maximal compensation of an enterprise. Moreover, with the modified EVA compensation system, the setting of the correction factors of opportunity cost becomes an important variable. With the higher value set by the highest management, it may decline the compensation expenditure to a section and increase the compensation of an enterprise. However, the diverse setting values influence the proposal strategies of managers of sections as well. If a magnificent difference of the probability of rate of return appears among the investment programs proposed by diverse sections, the setting of the correction factors of opportunity cost must require the value higher than the threshold. In addition, were it less than the expected returns of the lower probability of the investment program and the ratio of the practiceable low returns, it may enable the competitors, managers of sections A and B, to adopt the strategic composition matching the optimal resource allocation expected by the highest management of an enterprise. Besides, the gap of the predicted probability of the returns of the investment programs proposed by diverse sections will also impact the effectiveness of the modified EVA compensation system. Therefore, this system still has the risk of implementation.
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Secondi, Giorgio Stefano. "The economic behavior of the family in contemporary China private transfers, intrafamily resource allocation, and preference for sons /." 1996. http://catalog.hathitrust.org/api/volumes/oclc/38402468.html.
Full text
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Lee, Yohan. "Initial attack fire suppression, spatial resource allocation, and fire prevention policy in California, the United States, and the Republic of Korea." Thesis, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/1957/35917.
Full textAbstract:
In this dissertation, I combined a scenario-based, standard-response optimization model with a stochastic simulation model to improve the efficiency of the deployment of initial attack firefighting resources on wildland fires in California and the Republic of Korea. The optimization model minimizes the expected number of fires that do not receive a standard response���defined as the number of resources by type that must arrive at the fire within a specified time limit���subject to budget and station capacity constraints and uncertainty about the daily number and location of fires. The simulation model produces a set of fire scenarios in which a combination of fire count, fire locations, fire ignition times, and fire behavior occur. Compared with the current deployment, the deployment obtained with optimization shifts resources from the planning unit with the
highest fire load to the planning unit with the highest standard response requirements. Resource deployments that result from relaxing constraints on station capacity achieve greater containment success by encouraging consolidation of resources into stations with high dispatch frequency, thus increasing the probability of resource availability on high fire count days. I extended the standard response framework to examine how a policy priority influences the optimal spatial allocation and performance of initial attack resources. I found that the policy goal of a fire manager changes the optimal spatial allocation of initial attack firefighting resources on a heterogeneous landscape, especially, for the socio-economic value of a potential fire location. Furthermore, I investigated the tradeoff between the number of firefighting resources and the level of fire ignition prevention efforts mitigating the probability of human-made fires in the Republic of Korea where most fires are caused by human activities. I found that fire ignition prevention is as cost-effective as initial attack resources given the current budget in the Republic of Korea on reducing the expected number of fires not receiving the standard response. From the comparison of the California and Republic of Korea cases, I can identify "rules of thumb" to be followed when allocating IA resources in particular ecological and policy settings.Graduation date: 2013
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Wu, Qian. "Trade costs and business dynamics in U.S. regions and industries." Thesis, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/1957/34359.
Full textAbstract:
Firms' participation in exporting or foreign direct investment is an extremely rare behavior: only 4 percent of over 5.5 million U.S. firms were exporters in 2000. Exporters are generally larger (e.g. output and employment) and more productive than firms serving only domestic markets. Such heterogeneity within a narrowly defined industry cannot be fully explained by either comparative advantage arguments or the presence of scale economies and consumers' love of variety. Recent studies of heterogeneous firms show that a reduction in trade costs, i.e. policy, geographic and institutional barriers, has two effects within an industry previously not recognized in trade literature: (i) exit of low productivity firms, and (ii) resource reallocation in favor of high productivity firms. These two effects combine to raise an industry's average productivity and overall welfare, but can adversely affect some regions of an economy with firm closures or job losses.
The objective of this dissertation is to examine the effects of trade costs on firm entry, exit, and employment at a regional level in the United States. For this purpose, industry-specific trade costs by U.S. regions are derived and their underlying sources are examined. The chosen trade-costs measure, based on the gravity equation, captures the variation over time in trade fictions among countries. Data from the Census Bureau and the World Bank are employed to quantify trade costs by U.S. industries and regions. Results show that a single measure of trade costs for the United States does not adequately represent the large number of and diverse regions through which trade in agriculture and manufacturing occurs. Moreover, geographic factors appear to be relatively more important than policy barriers in explaining the level of trade costs faced by U.S. regions.
Drawing on recent heterogeneous firms models, this dissertation specifies an empirical framework to examine: (i) firm entry or exit arising from changes in trade costs, i.e. extensive margin, and (ii) changes in employment of surviving firms creation arising from changes in trade costs, i.e. intensive margin. These two hypotheses are tested using regional business dynamics data from the Census Bureau and trade cost measures derived earlier. Results show that trade cost changes affect firm exit and employment as hypothesized. That is, lowering trade costs increases the likelihood of firm exit, presumably of the low-productivity ones. Thus, trade costs, by way of the extensive margin, affect an industry's average productivity. Similarly, trade costs appear to affect the employment of surviving firms suggesting that the intensive margin also operates to improve average productivity of an industry, such as through resource reallocation towards high-productivity firms.
The intra-industry reallocation of resources to high productivity firms is an important source of gains from trade to the whole economy. Nonetheless, some regions face firm exit and job losses. In assessing the gains from trade, attention must be paid to the distributional consequences of resource reallocation within an industry as well as a country.Graduation date: 2013
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Ramaloko, Mokgadi Rose. "Evaluation of the resource allocation process towards an HIV/AIDS workplace policy of a public service department in Limpopo, South Africa." Diss., 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10500/5791.
Full textAbstract:
The AIDS epidemic affects the capacity of the South African public service to deliver essential services. In response, the Department of Economic Development, Environment and Tourism in Limpopo implemented its HIV/AIDS workplace policy in 2003. This research evaluated the extent to which resources were allocated towards the implementation of the workplace policy, to effectively respond to the impacts of HIV/AIDS on the workplace.
A combined quantitative and qualitative approach was used. Data was collected through face-to-face interviews of 43 officers involved in the implementation of the workplace policy, using a semi-structured questionnaire.
The results indicated that the resources allocated for the workplace HIV/AIDS policy, namely budget, human resources and materials, were inadequate, with district offices being worse affected.Social Work
M.A. (Social Behaviour Studies in HIV/AIDS)
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Nebesky, William E. "Topics in applied microeconomics : time allocation and natural resource use on Alaska's North Slope and market power in the U.S. motor carrier industry." Thesis, 1994. http://hdl.handle.net/1957/35599.
Full textAbstract:
This paper presents two applications of empirical microeconomics
based on choice theoretic optimization principles. The first topic
explores the determinants of subsistence time allocation in a utility
theoretic model of household production. The second topic examines firm
pricing behavior in a deregulated, but concentrated industry setting.
The first part of this applied microeconomic analysis estimates
the subsistence time versus wage labor time allocations of Alaska's
North Slope inhabitants using ordered probit based on a household
production model. The explanatory variables measure labor supply,
demographic, and cultural influences.
The major findings are as follows. First parameter estimates
differ statistically and substantially between Inupiat versus non-Inupiat residents, implying that optimal natural resource management
decisions may vary with the ethnicity of the resource owners. Second,
marital status, age, gender, and participation in generalized gift
giving and receiving are important determinants of subsistence time
allocations. Third, time spent in wage labor appears to be exogenous to
the subsistence time allocation decision, indicating that the time
allocation process is recursive. Fourth, we find an inverse
relationship between wage labor time and subsistence participation.
This means that reductions in wage employment opportunities lead to
increased subsistence activity. For the North Slope, this implies that
Prudhoe oil depletion will result in an increase in the use of
subsistence natural resources.
The second part of this study turns from the individual behavior
to firm behavior. During the 1980's, researchers have noted a trend
towards increased concentration in the general freight, less-than-truckload
(LTL) portion of the U.S. motor carrier industry. The purpose
of this study is to employ new empirical industrial organization (NEIO)
techniques to determine whether the more concentrated post-1980, LTL
motor carrier industry is exerting anti-competitive monopoly pricing
behavior.
The NEIO approach is used to formulate the relationship between
market price and marginal cost in what is referred to as the
representative firm's 'supply relation.' The firm's supply relation is
estimated jointly with the cost function and the factor share equations
under the assumption that cross equation disturbance terms are
correlated (SUR). An instrumental variables procedure is used to test
and control for correlation between output (on the right hand side) and
the disturbance terms in the cost and supply equations.
The results indicate that the trend toward increased industry
concentration does not imply anti-competitive performance in the sense
of rising price-cost margins.Graduation date: 1994
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Wang, Li-Chen, and 王麗真. "A Study on The Impact of New Taipei City Government’s Resource Allocation Caused by the Budget Arrangement - Using Expenditure of Economic Development and Social Welfare as an Example." Thesis, 2015. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/umezwe.
Full textAbstract:
碩士國立臺灣大學
國家發展研究所
104
In view of the financial situation deteriorating across the central to local government, finding a way to utilize and make the best use of limited resources becomes the most important issue to New Taipei City government. New Taipei City, among 6 special municipalities, is the most populous city of Taiwan with a vast territory. Various infrastructures are yet to be built, and environment change due to globalization, localization and capitalization need to be handled. In addition, conflicting public affairs and enormous financial deficit make the financial situation even worse. Given the above, the main purpose of this research is to investigate the impact of New Taipei City government’s resource allocation caused by the budget arrangement. Among all kinds of budget, expenditure of economic development and social welfare are listed in second and third place respectively. The two expenditures had colossal fluctuation during 2011 to 2015, it seems that the crowding out effect played a role and impacted the resource allocation tremendously. On the other hand, the expenditure of education, science and culture, which is listed in first place among all budget, presents relatively stable fluctuation during the same periods, and has relatively small rooms to improve. Besides, other expenditure has no profound effect to the resource allocation. Therefore, the scope of this research is focus on economic development and social welfare expenditure. The research method includes citation analysis, comparative research and regulation research. Furthermore, said two expenditure of the budget arrangement in the past 15 years from 2001 to 2015, governed by 3 mayors, is studied by said research methods and analyzed by one-way ANOVA test and Pearson correlation coefficient test. The research reveals the following results: 1, The budget allocation of economic development and social welfare are affected by the promotion of New Taipei City to a full special municipal city, different mayors, population aging and low fertility, and the two expenditure presents a crowding out effect to each other. 2, Social welfare commitment makes the crowding out effect even more serious. 3, The financial difficulties of local governments and the expansion of non-regular welfare expense requires extra resources from unofficial units. 4, Introduce unofficial resources or establish special funds to invest economic constructions. 5, Mayor manages the budget allocation but it has no correlation to his popularity rating. Based on the said results, the research proposes the following several suggestions: implement expenditure quota and austerity, control the growth of the expenditure, implement the financial autonomy of local government, comply with the financial regulation, allocate resource appropriately for effective use and raise industries related to an aged society to promote the economic growth.
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Lessard, Chantale. "Le rôle de l’évaluation économique dans la pratique des médecins de famille = The role of economic evaluation in the practice of family physicians." Thèse, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/1866/7044.
Full textAbstract:
L’évaluation économique en santé consiste en l’analyse comparative d’alternatives de services en regard à la fois de leurs coûts et de leurs conséquences. Elle est un outil d’aide à la décision. La grande majorité des décisions concernant l’allocation des ressources sont prises en clinique; particulièrement au niveau des soins primaires. Puisque chaque décision est associée à un coût d’opportunité, la non-prise en compte des considérations économiques dans les pratiques des médecins de famille peut avoir un impact important sur l’efficience du système de santé. Il existe peu de connaissances quant à l’influence des évaluations économiques sur la pratique clinique. L’objet de la thèse est de comprendre le rôle de l’évaluation économique dans la pratique des médecins de famille. Ses contributions font l’objet de quatre articles originaux (philosophique, théorique, méthodologique et empirique).
L’article philosophique suggère l’importance des questions de complexité et de réflexivité en évaluation économique. La complexité est la perspective philosophique, (approche générale épistémologique) qui sous-tend la thèse. Cette vision du monde met l’attention sur l’explication et la compréhension et sur les relations et les interactions (causalité interactive). Cet accent sur le contexte et le processus de production des données souligne l’importance de la réflexivité dans le processus de recherche.
L’article théorique développe une conception nouvelle et différente du problème de recherche. L’originalité de la thèse réside également dans son approche qui s’appuie sur la perspective de la théorie sociologique de Pierre Bourdieu; une approche théorique cohérente avec la complexité. Opposé aux modèles individualistes de l’action rationnelle, Bourdieu préconise une approche sociologique qui s’inscrit dans la recherche d’une compréhension plus complète et plus complexe des phénomènes sociaux en mettant en lumière les influences souvent implicites qui viennent chaque jour exercer des pressions sur les individus et leurs pratiques.
L’article méthodologique présente le protocole d’une étude qualitative de cas multiples avec niveaux d’analyse imbriqués : les médecins de famille (niveau micro-individuel) et le champ de la médecine familiale (niveau macro-structurel). Huit études de cas furent réalisées avec le médecin de famille comme unité principale d’analyse. Pour le niveau micro, la collecte des informations fut réalisée à l’aide d’entrevues de type histoire de vie, de documents et d’observation. Pour le niveau macro, la collecte des informations fut réalisée à l’aide de documents, et d’entrevues de type semi-structuré auprès de huit informateurs clés, de neuf organisations médicales. L’induction analytique fut utilisée.
L’article empirique présente l’ensemble des résultats empiriques de la thèse. Les résultats montrent une intégration croissante de concepts en économie dans le discours officiel des organisations de médecine familiale. Cependant, au niveau de la pratique, l'économisation de ce discours ne semble pas être une représentation fidèle de la réalité puisque la très grande majorité des participants n'incarnent pas ce discours. Les contributions incluent une compréhension approfondie des processus sociaux qui influencent les schèmes de perception, de pensée, d’appréciation et d’action des médecins de famille quant au rôle de l’évaluation économique dans la pratique clinique et la volonté des médecins de famille à contribuer à une allocation efficiente, équitable et légitime des ressources.Health economic evaluations are analytic techniques to assess the relative costs and consequences of health services. Their role is to inform the decision-making process. A vast amount of resource allocation decisions are undertaken at the clinical-encounter level; especially in primary care. Since every decision has an opportunity cost, ignoring economic information in family physicians’ practices may have a broad impact on health care efficiency. There is little evidence on the influence of economic evaluation on clinical practice. The objective of the thesis is to understand the role of economic evaluation in family physicians’ practices. Its contributions are presented in four original articles (philosophical, theoretical, methodological, and empirical). The philosophical article suggests that complexity and reflexivity are two important issues for economic evaluation. Complexity thinking is the philosophical perspective (overarching epistemological approach) underpinning the thesis. This way of thinking focuses attention on explanation and understanding and gives particular emphasis to relations and interactions (interactive causality). This increased emphasis on the context and process of data production highlights the importance of reflexivity in the research process. The theoretical article develops a new and different conceptualization of the research problem. The originality of the thesis also lay in the research problem being approached from the perspective of Pierre Bourdieu's sociological theory. Bourdieu’s approach embraces complexity. Moving away from individualist, rational models of action, it can contribute to a more complete and complex understanding of social phenomena by revealing the structuring effects of social fields on the individual’s dispositions and practices. The methodological article presents the protocol of a qualitative embedded multiple-case study research. There were two embedded units of analysis: the family physicians (micro-individual level) and the field of family medicine (macro-structural level). Eight case studies were performed with the family physician as the unit of analysis. The sources of data collection for the micro-level were eight life history interviews with family physicians, documents and observational evidence. The sources of data collection for the macro-level were documents, and eight open-ended focused interviews with key informants, from nine medical organizations. The analytic induction approach to data analysis was used. The empirical article presents all the empirical findings of the thesis. The findings show an increasing integration of economics concepts into the official discourse of family medicine organizations. However, at the level of practice, the economization of this discourse does not seem to be true depictions of reality as the very great majority of the study participants do not embody this discourse. The contributions include a deep understanding of the social processes that influence family physicians’ schemes of perception, thought, appreciation and action with respect to the role of economic evaluation in their practices, and the family physicians’ willingness to contribute to efficient, fair and legitimate resource allocation.
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Jára, Karel. "Peněžní expanze a ekonomické krize: Rakouský pohled." Master's thesis, 2014. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-341259.
Full textAbstract:
The study of economic crises has been a major topic of interest in economics since at least the Great Depression and it has come to the fore once again after the latest crisis of late 2000s. It has also been one of the key themes for the Austrian school of economics in the form of the Austrian Business Cycle Theory (ABCT), which puts emphasis on monetary factors influencing capital structure of the economy. In this thesis we provide a comprehensive exposition of the distinctive points of Austrian approach to the study of markets, the ABCT's propositions and conclusions and also the most important criticism of the theory and replies to it. The theoretical part is accompanied by an empirical illustration on the economy of the United States of America in the period starting at the end of the latest crisis. Powered by TCPDF (www.tcpdf.org)
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Kaleta, Jan. "Budoucnost svobodná a společná: Spor The Zeitgeist Movement a Freedomain Radio jako konflikt vědeckých paradigmat." Master's thesis, 2016. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-350771.
Full textAbstract:
The thesis analyses a dispute of two anarchist movements promoting Anarcho-Capitalism and an automated non-monetary economy. It asks the question whether the dispute can be explained in terms of paradigm conflict and not exclusively in political terms . The goal is to search for signs of scientific paradigm in an apparently ideological dispute. The thesis also examines the reasons why did the debate deteriorate into a personal and moral conflict of the representatives. The method of analysis is Grounded Theory, with reference to authors who interpret Kuhn's paradigm conflict as the consequence of an unconscious language barrier. Paradigm was operationally defined as a hierarchy of concepts with physical reference, theoretical network of the concepts and the scientific field objectives. The field objectives are the only reliable reference points between paradigms. The thesis sums up the debate between Anarcho-Capitalists and proponents of Resource-Based Economy and recovers the scientific answers and field objectives which were demanded yet missing in the debate. The thesis concludes that the debate can legitimately continue and that the ideological differences were mostly caused by a different scope of technical instruments and their describing paradigms, regardless of historical origin and...