Relevant bibliographies by topics / Resource endowment

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  1. Journal articles
  2. Dissertations / Theses
  3. Books
  4. Book chapters
  5. Conference papers
  6. Reports

Academic literature on the topic 'Resource endowment'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 5 February 2022

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Journal articles on the topic "Resource endowment"

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Kim, Dae Jin, and In Kwon Park. "The local distribution of endowments matters: Modelling tax competition with heterogeneous local residents." Urban Studies 54, no. 14 (September 13, 2016): 3239–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0042098016665941.

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This study expands on the tax competition literature by incorporating the heterogeneity of resource endowments into the tax competition framework. It theoretically elaborates that the local distribution of resource endowments affects both the level of tax rate and the degree of spatial dependence in tax competition, and empirically confirms the theory using the data for 60 urban municipalities in the Seoul metropolitan area (SMA), Korea in the years 2004–2006. A spatial panel model for tax cut confirms the presence of tax competition in the SMA and the effects on tax cut of the resource endowment distribution. Another regression model for local indicators of spatial dependence uncovers the fact that the spatial dependence in tax cut is also determined by the local endowment distribution.
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Gerrard, Bill. "A Resource-Utilization Model of Organizational Efficiency in Professional Sports Teams." Journal of Sport Management 19, no. 2 (April 2005): 143–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1123/jsm.19.2.143.

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The resource-based view explains sustainable competitive advantage as the consequence of an organization’s endowment of unique and imperfectly replicable resources. Superior organizational performance, however, depends not only on the organization’s resource endowment but also on the efficiency with which the resource endowment is used. In this article a resource-utilization model of a professional sports team is developed in which teams optimize the stock of athletic resources (i.e., playing talent), subject to ownership preferences, over sporting and financial performance. The resource-utilization model is used to analyze the factors influencing the team’s current endowment of athletic resources and evaluate the efficiency with which teams utilize both their athletic and allegiance (i.e., fan base) resources to achieve sporting and financial targets. Empirical evidence is presented on the sporting and financial performance of English professional soccer teams in the FA Premier League over the period 1998-2002. It was found that the financial performance of teams is significantly affected by their ownership status.
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Sun, ZhiQiang, and ZeXiang Cai. "Does Financial Development Hamper or Improve the Resource Curse? Analysis Based on the Panel Threshold Effect Model." Mathematical Problems in Engineering 2020 (July 15, 2020): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2020/4365205.

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This paper analyzes the “resource curse” and “financial threshold effect” that may exist in China and then uses the data from 30 provinces from 2004 to 2018 as research samples. We used linear regression and nondynamic panel threshold models to analyze the financial threshold effects of the “resource curse” hypothesis and the “resource curse” phenomenon. At the same time, we divided the level of financial development to verify the robustness of the research conclusions in this paper. The study found the following: (1) There is a certain correlation between the abundance of resources and economic growth. Whether this can be seen as a “curse” or a “blessing” of resources is significantly related to the degree of financial development. (2) Whether financial development can alleviate the “resource curse” depends on the degree of financial development. In the extremely scarce stage of financial resources, the resource endowment effect is obvious, and the level of economic development in resource-based regions will be higher than in other regions; when the level of financial development is low (financial resources are not scarce and have not reached a reasonable level), the phenomenon of the “resource curse” appears; when the level of financial development is highly developed, economic development benefits more from financial development, and the effects of resource endowment decline. Only when financial development is at a reasonable level can resource endowments effectively raise the level of economic development.
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Rogova, T. N. "The resource endowment of regional economy." Regional Economics: Theory and Practice 16, no. 9 (September 14, 2018): 1625–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.24891/re.16.9.1625.

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Zoogah, David B. "Natural resource endowment and firm performance: T he moderating role of institutional endowment." Global Strategy Journal 8, no. 4 (September 25, 2017): 578–611. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/gsj.1169.

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Akhtaruzzaman, Muhammad, Shaohua Yang, and Azizah Omar. "Are Resource-Rich Countries More Attractive than Countries with Good Institutions to Foreign Direct Investors in Sub-Saharan Africa?" International Journal of Economics and Finance 10, no. 6 (April 30, 2018): 65. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/ijef.v10n6p65.

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Africa is no longer behind in the race of acquiring global share of foreign direct investment (FDI) compared to other developing regions. This study uses FDI dataset of 27 sub-Saharan African (SSA) countries and examines what drives the recent trend of higher FDI flows to Africa. A variety of empirical techniques (e.g. cross-section OLS, panel fixed effects and dynamic GMM) are employed for identifying main drivers of FDI in African countries. The finding of this research suggests that resource endowment is the main driver attracting FDI to SSA countries. More specifically, empirical estimates suggest that a one-standard deviation increase in resource endowment in the SSA countries is associated with an increase in FDI ranging from 34% to 83%. Empirical result also suggests that between institutions and resource endowment, resource endowment is the most robust determinant of FDI in SSA countries.
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AUTY, RICHARD M. "NATURAL RESOURCE ENDOWMENT, THE STATE AND DEVELOPMENT STRATEGY." Journal of International Development 9, no. 4 (June 1997): 651–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/(sici)1099-1328(199706)9:4<651::aid-jid474>3.0.co;2-4.

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Kondrat’ev, V. "Mineral and Natural Resources as Global Competitiveness Factor." World Economy and International Relations, no. 6 (2010): 20–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.20542/0131-2227-2010-6-20-30.

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The availability of raw material resources is an important factor of global competitiveness. In fact, this point may not be applied to all countries. Moreover, according to research, in many developing countries the natural resources endowment is inversely related to the pace of economic growth and living standards, and positively related to income inequality. Such negative connection between the natural resources endowment and economic growth is named the “resource damnation” . The development analysis of countries rich in mineral resources demonstrates that the economic policy pattern plays a key role in prevention of the “Dutch disease”, achievement of sustainable economic growth and improving competitiveness of national economy.
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Ojukwu-Ogba, Nelson, and Patrick Osode. "Reversing the ‘Resource Curse’ Phenomenon in Nigeria: An Assessment of the Nigeria Extractive Industries Transparency Initiative Act After a Decade." African Journal of Legal Studies 10, no. 2-3 (December 7, 2017): 141–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/17087384-12340019.

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Abstract Natural resources endowment is a blessing to the endowed states due to their catalytic development-driving potential. The exploitation of the endowment should result in rapid socio-economic development. However, for most developing states, the blessing of these natural resources strangely tends to turn disadvantageous; a phenomenon that has been distinctly identified in the literature as ‘the resource curse’. This paper examines that phenomenon, using Nigeria as a case study given the serious environmental, political and socio-economic challenges occasioned by the country’s exploitation of its oil and gas endowment. The paper particularly considers the impact of the statutory intervention in Nigeria to reverse the trend through the instrumentality of the Nigeria Extractive Industries Transparency Initiative Act (NEITI Act) 2007. The paper further explores what could be the most effective means of containing the said problems in light of their implications for the future of the country and its people.
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Rodríguez-Gulías, María Jesús, Sara Fernández-López, and David Rodeiro-Pazos. "Gender differences in growth of Spanish university spin-offs." Gender in Management: An International Journal 33, no. 2 (April 9, 2018): 86–103. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/gm-04-2017-0040.

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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to explore the hypothesis that the female-owned university spin-off organizations (USOs) have a similar resource endowment and, as a consequence, growth rates similar to the male-owned USOs. Design/methodology/approach A unique and original longitudinal data set, which is an unbalanced panel, consisting of 120 Spanish USOs over the period 2001-2010 has been constructed. The methodology includes the analysis of mean differences (t-test) and dynamic panel data models. Findings The results confirmed that there are no gender differences in either the firms’ initial resource endowment or in the preference for industries. There is no gender effect on the USOs’ growth, but the initial endowment resources matter. Thus the financial, human and technological resources have a positive effect on the USOs’ growth. This evidence suggests that the USOs’ context may mitigate the initial resource endowment of the female-owned firms and their preferences for traditional industries, showing similar rates of growth than male-owned USOs. Research limitations/implications Owners’ gender has been used as a proxy for founders’ gender. Also, only USOs included in the SABI database have been considered as part of the sample; the significant number of USOs that did not reveal information about their owners have been discarded. Practical implications It is important to continue supporting academic entrepreneurship, as in the university context, firm growth is not affected by gender differences. However, given that the percentage of female owners in university entrepreneurship is still lower compared to entrepreneurship in general, the universities’ entrepreneur programmes targeting women must adopt a gendered perspective. Originality/value Literature on USOs has traditionally analyzed the firm-specific characteristics that impact their growth without considering the influence of the owners’ gender. In this paper, an attempt to fill this gap has been made using a sample of 120 Spanish USOs and by applying the dynamic panel data methodology. In particular, it has been argued that the university context from which USOs emerge allows female-owned USOs to have a similar resource endowment and, as a consequence, a similar growth when compared to male-owned USOs.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Resource endowment"

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Nsaikila, Melaine Nyuyfoni. "Poverty, resource endowment and conflicts in Sub-Saharan Africa a reexamination of the resource curse hypothesis." Thesis, Western Illinois University, 2015. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=1586512.

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Contrary to the logical conclusion that the more natural resources a country has or controls, the more prosperous, rich and happy will be its people, the evidence from many Sub-Saharan countries is pointing to a different direction with numerous conflicts occurring mostly near mineral deposits or in countries heavily endowed with natural resources of various sorts. This paper seeks to tackle the basic questions of a sub-Saharan African and any person interested in the region; why are there so many conflicts in the region? Why is there absolute poverty despite the presence of enormous natural resources? What are the factors contributing to the present problems facing the region? This paper establishes the relationship between poverty, resource endowments and conflicts in sub-Saharan Africa. The paper reviews literature, stressing on the different conditions under which resource abundance can and have been a primary cause of conflicts. It argues that poverty and conflicts have re-enforced each other and that natural resources have played a role. The paper also makes use of conflict, resource and poverty data among other variables to establish the probable cause for the numerous conflicts in Sub-Saharan Africa. The paper suggests statistically that Political Stability and Absence of violent conflicts can only be altered by the lack of sustainable economic opportunity, failure to control corruption and rising levels of poverty. It is worth noting that the resource variables are not statistically significant. This however, do not dismiss the role of natural resources in the present conflicts of the region because the trend is observable that most conflict ridden countries in the Sub-Saharan African region are resource rich. It rather lays an emphasis on the fact that resource revenues could be used to avert the current situation by provision of basic needs like shelter, potable water, security, accountable institutions, education and the promotion of enterprise that will be a guarantor of sustainable economic opportunities. The paper employs Maslow's Human needs theory for some explanations and also multiple regression, using panel data for statistical analysis. Fixed and random effects estimation techniques are used, and other statistical testing to determine the validity of the different variable coefficients generated. The paper suggests concrete economic and policy recommendations to the problems enumerated that could leapfrog the region out of the current bad situation it has been in for decades.

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Soukar, Louai. "Natural resources endowment, international trade and convergence." Thesis, Bordeaux, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018BORD0160/document.

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Dans cette thèse, nous étudions l'effet de la répartition inégale des ressources naturelles entre les pays sur trois aspects principaux. Dans le premier chapitre, nous examinons empiriquement les effets asymétriques potentiels de l'adhésion à l'Organisation Mondiale du Commerce (OMC) entre les membres, en nous concentrant spécifiquement sur les pays en développement. Les résultats suggèrent que l'adhésion à l'OMC a contribué à l'augmentation des exportations de tous les pays, à l'exception des pays non-émergents riches en ressources. En revanche, les pays émergents riches en ressources sont les plus grands bénéficiaires de l'accession à l'OMC. Dans le deuxième chapitre, nous explorons empiriquement l'impact de la dotation en ressources naturelles sur les gains de six Accords Commerciaux Régionaux (ACR) entre les membres à travers trois axes : la complémentarité entre les pays, la diversification des pays riches en ressources ainsi que la création et le détournement des échanges. Nous concluons que la complémentarité entre les pays riches et les pays pauvres en ressources a été atteinte dans les accords de l’ECOWAS, du SADC et du CIS. Les résultats indiquent également que, dans tous les ACR, les pays riches en ressources ont accru leurs exportations hors secteurs des ressources naturelles et diversifié ainsi leurs structures d'exportation, en particulier avec les partenaires régionaux. En outre, dans la plupart des ACR, les pays pauvres ont accru leurs exportations vers leurs partenaires riches en ressources, tandis que ces derniers souffrent du détournement des échanges en termes d'importations. Dans le dernier chapitre, nous étudions l'impact de la dotation en ressources naturelles sur le processus de convergence entre les pays du PAFTA. Premièrement, les résultats démontrent que la sigma-convergence n'était observable qu'entre 1970 et 1990 dans les pays du PAFTA. De plus, l’estimation révèle que les ressources naturelles sont l'un des principaux déterminants de la convergence conditionnelle au sein du PAFTA. Par conséquent, l'asymétrie entre les pays en termes de dotation en ressources naturelles n'a pas empêché la convergence dans le PAFTA. L'analyse de la convergence des clubs a identifié trois principaux clubs parmi les pays du PAFTA. En outre, les facteurs qui ont déterminé la formation des clubs sont les ressources naturelles, la qualité des institutions et l'investissement. Par ailleurs, une abondance de ressources naturelles n'est pas suffisante pour être le meilleur club, mais doit être accompagnée d'institutions de qualité
In this thesis, we examine the effect of the unequal distribution of natural resources between countries on three main aspects. In chapter one, we empirically examine potential asymmetric effects of the accession of the World Trade Organization (WTO) across members, focusing specifically on the developing countries. The results suggest that membership in the WTO contributed to greater exports for all countries, except for non-emerging resource-rich countries. In contrast, emerging resource-rich countries are the greatest beneficiaries from the accession of the WTO. In chapter two, we empirically explore the impact of natural resource endowments on the gains of six Regional Trade Agreements (RTA) across members through three axes: complementarity between countries, diversification of resource-rich countries, and trade creation and diversion. We conclude that the complementarity between resource-rich and resource-poor countries has been achieved in the ECOWAS, SADC and CIS agreements. The results also indicate that in all RTAs, the resource-rich countries increased exports in non-natural resource sectors and thereby diversified their export structures, especially with regional partners. Moreover, in most RTAs, poor countries boosted their exports to resources-rich partners, while resource-rich countries suffer from trade diversion in terms of imports. In the last chapter, we study the impact of natural resource endowments on the process of convergence among PAFTA countries. First, the results demonstrate that sigma-convergence was only observable between 1970-1990 among PAFTA countries. The estimation reveals that natural resources are one of the main determinants of conditional convergence within PAFTA. Therefore, the asymmetry between countries in terms of natural resource endowment did not impede the convergence in PAFTA. Club convergence analysis identify three main clubs among PAFTA countries. In addition, the factors that determined clubs’ formation are natural resources, quality of institutions, and investment. Further, an abundance of natural resources is alone not enough to be the best club, but must be accompanied by high-quality institutions
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Stevense, Johannes. "The Effects of Resource Endowments on Transnational Rebel Recruitment." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Institutionen för freds- och konfliktforskning, 2021. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-443729.

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While transnational rebellion and rebel recruitment have received much attention in previous literature, the combination of the two, transnational rebel recruitment, has been relatively understudied. This study aims to cover this research gap by further developing Jeremy Weinstein’s theory on resource endowments to test their effect on transnational rebel recruitment. It seeks to answer the research question: “How do resource endowments impact transnational rebel recruitment?”. A distinction will be made between domestic and transnational rebel groups to test the theoretical argument. It will be argued that rebel groups can have a variation in their economic and social endowments, which both have a domestic an transnational variant. The main hypothesis reads: transnational rebel groups that have much transnational resource endowments are more likely to recruit transnationally. This study will employ a structured focused comparison on strategically picked cases using Mill’s method of difference. The selected cases that will be compared are the transnational rebel group NPFL in Liberia (1989-1995) and the domestic rebel group NRA in Uganda (1981-1986). This study finds support for the theory and the main hypothesis.
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Lundan, Vera. "Forced to develop? : A cross-sectional study on how coalition size, security costs and natural resource endowments correlate with education investments." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Statsvetenskapliga institutionen, 2017. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-339183.

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This paper aims to measure the relationship between systemic vulnerability and government development investments. Systemic vulnerability is a concept introduced by Doner et al. (2005), which suggests that broad coalitions, severe external threats and scarce resources will lead to developmental states. Developmental states have several definitions that can generally be divided into structural and ideological features. Structural features include aspects related to state capacity and bureaucratic robustness, while ideological features refer to a stated goal of development. However, the term “developmental state” is also used as a political buzzword, which has diluted the academic concept. Education investments are used as a proxy for development investments because of the long-term societal and economic benefits that education has in a society. The study combines theories of political behavior, state-building and rentier states for the argument that systemic vulnerability should be positively correlated with education investments. Analysis is based on data from 73 countries and it shows that only some components of systemic vulnerability are correlated with education investments. The weak relationship between scarce resources and education investment follows the expected trend, while the relationship between external threat and education investment is unexpectedly negative. The broad coalitions show no statistically significant correlation between coalition size and education investment. These findings make a contribution to the field of development studies by expanding the understanding of the impact that systemic vulnerability has on development, since there has not been a large-n test of the concept on development investments before.
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Chora, José Manuel Lúcio. "Fundamentos para a gestão estratégica na saúde. A enfermagem: o caso do sistema de classificação de doentes." Master's thesis, Universidade de Évora, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/10174/16001.

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Fundamentos para a gestão estratégica na saúde: A enfermagem - 0 caso do sistema de classificação de doentes A dissertação enquadra-se nos sistemas de informação em enfermagem, assim os gestores ao nível estratégico, tático e operacional devem possuir instrumentos que contribuam para a gestão eficiente e eficaz dos enfermeiros. A coordenação do sistema de classificação de doentes (SCD/E) é da responsabilidade do Ministério da Saúde - Instituto de Gestão informática e Financeira tendo sido adaptado e implementado em 1984. Atualmente o SCD/E cumpre os requisitos de qualidade enumerados na NP EN ISO 9001. O SCD/E constitui um sistema de informação do subsistema de enfermagem, que permite a tomada de decisão em tempo útil, contribuindo para a gestão dos recursos humanos e de qualidade. O percurso de investigação contemplou 31 Enfermeiros Diretores a nível nacional, tendo adotado o paradigma quantitativo e utilizado como método de pesquisa, o inquérito por questionário postal. As dimensões analisadas na dissertação foram a gestão da informação, dos recursos humanos e da qualidade dos cuidados de enfermagem e como podem globalmente contribuir para a tomada de decisão a nível estratégico. Os inquiridos consideraram que o SCD/E contribui para a determinação das necessidades, para a tomada de decisão em relação aos recursos de enfermagem em tempo útil e para a gestão eficaz do número de enfermeiros por serviço. Na organização dos cuidados de enfermagem, o SCD/E contribui para a gestão de recursos humanos, para a operacionalização da metodologia de prestação de cuidados de enfermagem e da metodologia científica de organização dos cuidados de enfermagem, constituindo um indicador para avaliar a gestão da unidade de cuidados. /ABSTRACT - The dissertation inserts itself in nursing information systems, so the managers must possess as a strategic, tactical and operational level, tools that contribute to the efficient management of nurses. The coordination of the patient classification system (SCD/E) is under the responsibility of the Health Ministry - Institute of information and Financial Management, having been adapted and implemented in 1984. At present the (SCD/E) fulfils the quality requisites enumerated in NP EN ISO 9001. The SCD/E constitutes a system of information of the nursing subsystem, which allows the taking of decisions in useful timing, contributing to the management of human and quality resources. The course of investigation contemplated 31 Nursing Directors at a national level, having adopted the quantitative paradigm and having used as a research method the inquiry through postal questionnaire. The analyzed dimensions in the dissertation were the management of information of human and quality resources of the nursing care and how they can, globally, contribute for the taking of decisions at a strategic level. The inquired considered that the SCD/E contributes to the determining of necessities, to the decision taking in what concerns the resources in nursing in useful timing and to the efficient management of the number of nurses per service. In the organization of nursing care, the SCD/E contributes to the management of human resources, to the operational side of the methodology of nursing care providing and of the scientific methodology of organization of nursing care, constituting an indicator to evaluate the management of the care unit.
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Heidelberg, Brea M. "The Language of Cultural Policy Advocacy: Leadership, Message, and Rhetorical Style." The Ohio State University, 2012. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1355929499.

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Daly, Marwa El. "Challenges and potentials of channeling local philanthropy towards development and aocial justice and the role of waqf (Islamic and Arab-civic endowments) in building community foundations." Doctoral thesis, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Philosophische Fakultät III, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.18452/16511.

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Diese Arbeit bietet eine solide theoretische Grundlage zu Philanthropie und religiös motivierten Spendenaktivitäten und deren Einfluss auf Wohltätigkeitstrends, Entwicklungszusammenarbeit und einer auf dem Gedanken der sozialen Gerechtigkeit beruhenden Philanthropie. Untersucht werden dafür die Strukturen religiös motivierte Spenden, für die in der islamischen Tradition die Begriffe „zakat“, „Waqf“ oder im Plural auch „awqaf-“ oder „Sadaqa“ verwendet werden, der christliche Begriff dafür lautet „tithes“ oder „ushour“. Aufbauend auf diesem theoretischen Rahmenwerk analysiert die qualitative und quantitative Feldstudie auf nationaler Ebene, wie die ägyptische Öffentlichkeit Philanthropie, soziale Gerechtigkeit, Menschenrechte, Spenden, Freiwilligenarbeit und andere Konzepte des zivilgesellschaftlichen Engagements wahrnimmt. Um eine umfassende und repräsentative Datengrundlage zu erhalten, wurden 2000 Haushalte, 200 zivilgesellschaftliche Organisationen erfasst, sowie Spender, Empfänger, religiöse Wohltäter und andere Akteure interviewt. Die so gewonnen Erkenntnisse lassen aussagekräftige Aufschlüsse über philanthropische Trends zu. Erstmals wird so auch eine finanzielle Einschätzung und Bewertung der Aktivitäten im lokalen Wohltätigkeitsbereich möglich, die sich auf mehr als eine Billion US-Dollar beziffern lassen. Die Erhebung weist nach, dass gemessen an den Pro-Kopf-Aufwendungen die privaten Spendenaktivitäten weitaus wichtiger sind als auswärtige wirtschaftliche Hilfe für Ägypten. Das wiederum lässt Rückschlüsse zu, welche Bedeutung lokale Wohltätigkeit erlangen kann, wenn sie richtig gesteuert wird und nicht wie bislang oft im Teufelskreis von ad-hoc-Spenden oder Hilfen von Privatperson an Privatperson gefangen ist. Die Studie stellt außerdem eine Verbindung her zwischen lokalen Wohltätigkeits-Mechanismen, die meist auf religiösen und kulturellen Werten beruhen, und modernen Strukturen, wie etwa Gemeinde-Stiftungen oder Gemeinde-„waqf“, innerhalb derer die Spenden eine nachhaltige Veränderung bewirken können. Daher bietet diese Arbeit also eine umfassende wissenschaftliche Grundlage, die nicht nur ein besseres Verständnis, sondern auch den nachhaltiger Aus- und Aufbau lokaler Wohltätigkeitsstrukturen in Ägypten ermöglicht. Zentral ist dabei vor allem die Rolle lokaler, individueller Spenden, die beispielsweise für Stiftungen auf der Gemeindeebene eingesetzt, wesentlich zu einer nachhaltigen Entwicklung beitragen könnten – und das nicht nur in Ägypten, sondern in der gesamten arabischen Region. Als konkretes Ergebnis dieser Arbeit, wurde ein innovatives Modell entwickelt, dass neben den wissenschaftlichen Daten das Konzept der „waqf“ berücksichtigt. Der Wissenschaftlerin und einem engagierten Vorstand ist es auf dieser Grundlage gelungen, die Waqfeyat al Maadi Community Foundation (WMCF) zu gründen, die nicht nur ein Modell für eine Bürgerstiftung ist, sondern auch das tradierte Konzept der „waqf“ als praktikable und verbürgte Wohlstätigkeitsstruktur sinnvoll weiterentwickelt.
This work provides a solid theoretical base on philanthropy, religious giving (Islamic zakat, ‘ushour, Waqf -plural: awqaf-, Sadaqa and Christian tithes or ‘ushour), and their implications on giving trends, development work, social justice philanthropy. The field study (quantitative and qualitative) that supports the theoretical framework reflects at a national level the Egyptian public’s perceptions on philanthropy, social justice, human rights, giving and volunteering and other concepts that determine the peoples’ civic engagement. The statistics cover 2000 households, 200 Civil Society Organizations distributed all over Egypt and interviews donors, recipients, religious people and other stakeholders. The numbers reflect philanthropic trends and for the first time provide a monetary estimate of local philanthropy of over USD 1 Billion annually. The survey proves that the per capita share of philanthropy outweighs the per capita share of foreign economic assistance to Egypt, which implies the significance of local giving if properly channeled, and not as it is actually consumed in the vicious circle of ad-hoc, person to person charity. In addition, the study relates local giving mechanisms derived from religion and culture to modern actual structures, like community foundations or community waqf that could bring about sustainable change in the communities. In sum, the work provides a comprehensive scientific base to help understand- and build on local philanthropy in Egypt. It explores the role that local individual giving could play in achieving sustainable development and building a new wave of community foundations not only in Egypt but in the Arab region at large. As a tangible result of this thesis, an innovative model that revives the concept of waqf and builds on the study’s results was created by the researcher and a dedicated board of trustees who succeeded in establishing Waqfeyat al Maadi Community Foundation (WMCF) that not only introduces the community foundation model to Egypt, but revives and modernizes the waqf as a practical authentic philanthropic structure.
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Kan, Pei-Hua, and 甘佩樺. "Export Competitiveness, Resource Endowment and Seafood Trade." Thesis, 2010. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/81975897795588370823.

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碩士
國立臺灣海洋大學
應用經濟研究所
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An adopted model of the Heckscher-Ohlin theory, suggesting a direct relationship between a country’s trade, seafood endowments and income, has been empirically estimated for four seafood products during the period 1970-2004. Both net export and an index of revealed comparative advantages were constructred and used as depent variables.The major findings are as follows: (1) The rich natural resources of the major exporting countries have a positive affect on their competitiveness. (2) As GDP rises, there is actually a negative relationship to the net export and competitiveness of various seafood products. (3) The coast to land proportion of each country has a very significant influence on the competitive advantages of its seafood products, which is also affected by the difference in seafood species and the degrees of processing. (4) The influence each main fishing region has on the competitiveness of seafood products will vary depending on the different types of products.
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Mekgwe, Tebogo. "Natural resource endowment, stock market development and economic growth in Africa." Thesis, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10539/15437.

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Thesis (M.M. (Finance & Investment))--University of the Witwatersrand, Faculty of Commerce, Law and Management, Graduate School of Business Administration, 2014.
The inability to create sustainable wealth has plagued many resource endowed economies on the African continent. Natural resource wealth has not translated into to economic growth, in fact studies done illustrate that of lack of education and subsequent poor economic performances are linked to natural resource endowment. Revenue emanating from the extraction of natural resources is not being effectively managed and this is evident in the level of corruption on the African continent. Natural resource endowed economies rely on rent and commodity exports as their main source of income and due to this dependency, these economies are more prone to volatile income streams as a result of changes in the prices of commodities. The inadequate investment in human capital has resulted in African stock markets not developing further despite having some of the oldest stock exchanges in the world. The Johannesburg Securities Exchange was established in 1887 and the Egyptian Stock Exchange in 1887. This research investigated three natural resource endowed countries; South Africa, Nigeria and Egypt. These countries also happen to have the more sophisticated stock markets as compared to other countries on the continent; however these markets remain relatively small and illiquid compared global stock markets. The purpose of this paper is to ascertain whether stock market development increases economic growth when natural resources revenue is modelled as a determinant for stock market development. The paper also seeks to determine whether the lack of stock market development could be attributed to the natural resource curse, a phenomena where resource endowment is associated with poor economic performance. The results show that natural resource revenue and liquidity enhance economic growth, Nigeria displayed symptoms of suffering from the natural resource curse. The paper also finds that the type of natural resource that a country is endowed with has different effects on economic performance and that the growth of an economy has a significant relationship with the price of commodities. The study concludes that if natural resource endowed economies are to manage its resource revenue efficiently and focus on improving institutional quality and the level of human development. An increase in institutional quality will enhance stock market integrity, while an increase in human development will foster local participants to learn about the stock markets. An increase in the number of participants will enhance stock market liquidity.
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Fox, R. C., and K. M. Rowntree. "The Land Question in South Africa, Zimbabwe and Kenya: a Geographical Perspective on Resource Endowment." 2002. http://eprints.ru.ac.za/464/1/FoxRowntreeIGUpaper.pdf.

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In sharp contrast to the debates concerning land policy, land tenure and sustainable resource management in South Africa is any input concerning the geographical distribution of land productivity. This paper attempts to redress this imbalance by providing an empirical investigation of land potential in South Africa. In this way we intend to provide the crucial context for policy and academic studies of the land issue in South Africa. Furthermore, we will undertake our study in such a way that comparison can be made to Zimbabwe and Kenya where the land issue has been such a critical component of the post-colonial development process. Theoretically our work is contextualised within the debates surrounding the importance of geographical endowments, institutions and policies in the development process.
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Books on the topic "Resource endowment"

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Associates, Maxwell Stamp. A review of Uganda's resource endowment and comparative advantage. Kampala, Uganda: Uganda Investment Authority, 1993.

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Perälä, Maiju. Persistence of underdevelopment: Does the type of natural resource endowment matter? Helsinki: United Nations University, World Institute for Development Economics Research, 2003.

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Canada, Geological Survey of. Conventional Oil Resources of Western Canada (Light and Medium): Part 1: Resource Endowment : Part 2: Economic Analysis. S.l: s.n, 1987.

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United Nations Development Programme (Ghana). [Name of district]: Human development report, 2011 : resource endowment, investment opportunities and the attainment of MDGs. Accra: United Nations Development Programme Ghana Office, 2011.

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Seini, Wayo. Poverty of resource endowment and use: Implication for the production and supply of seed cotton in Western Dagbong of Ghana. Legon: Institute of Statistical, Social, and Economic Research, University of Ghana, 1985.

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Natural resources and conflict in Africa: The tragedy of endowment. Rochester, NY: Rochester Press, 2007.

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Alao, Abiodun. Natural resources and conflict in Africa: The tragedy of endowment. Rochester, NY: University of Rochester Press, 2008.

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Pogue, Richard W. The Cleveland Foundation at seventy-five: An evolving community resource. New York: Newcomen Society of the United States, 1989.

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Spillman, Ken. A rich endowment: Government and mining in Western Australia, 1829-1994. Nedlands, W.A: University of Western Australia Press for the Dept. of Minerals and Energy, in association with the Centre for Western Australian History, University of Western Australia, 1993.

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Wagner, William Joseph. The contractual reallocation of procreative resources and parental rights: The natural endowment critique. Aldershot: Dartmouth, 1995.

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Book chapters on the topic "Resource endowment"

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Noreng, Øystein. "The resource endowment challenge." In Petroleum Industry Transformations, 215–30. Abingdon, Oxon; NewYork, NY: Routledge, 2019. | Series: Routledge studies in energy transitions: Routledge, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781315142456-14.

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Uno, Kimio. "Resource Endowment and International Linkages." In Economy & Environment, 283–99. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1995. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-011-0081-6_10.

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Burns, Leland S., and John Friedmann. "Natural Resource Endowment and Regional Economic Growth." In The Art of Planning, 166–85. Boston, MA: Springer US, 1985. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4613-2505-5_12.

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Dikshit, K. R., and Jutta K. Dikshit. "The Resource Endowment of North-East India." In Advances in Asian Human-Environmental Research, 193–211. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-007-7055-3_8.

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Choudhury, Masudul Alam. "Resource Endowment and Allocation in Islamic Countries for Economic Co-operation." In Islamic Economic Co-operation, 133–58. London: Palgrave Macmillan UK, 1989. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-349-09902-3_6.

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Thiart, Christien, and Maarten J. de Wit. "Metallogenic Fingerprints of the Congo Shield with Predictions for Mineral Endowment Beneath the Congo Basin." In Geology and Resource Potential of the Congo Basin, 393–405. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-29482-2_19.

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Renault, Thiago, and José Manoel Carvalho de Mello. "Resource Endowment from Parent Organization to Academic Spin-Offs: The Case of the COPPE/UFRJ." In Entrepreneurship in BRICS, 225–37. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-11412-5_13.

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Wu, Hai-bing, Yan-qiong Zhou, and Xin-xin Wang. "Research on the Relationship Between the Energy Resource Endowment and Industrial Structure Based on PVAR Model." In The 19th International Conference on Industrial Engineering and Engineering Management, 245–57. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-38427-1_27.

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Masvaya, E. N., J. Nyamangara, R. W. Nyawasha, S. Zingore, R. J. Delve, and K. E. Giller. "Effect of Farmer Resource Endowment and Management Strategies on Spatial Variability of Soil Fertility in Contrasting Agro-ecological Zones in Zimbabwe." In Innovations as Key to the Green Revolution in Africa, 1221–29. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-90-481-2543-2_124.

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Iacovides, Iacovos. "Water Resources in Cyprus: Endowments and Water Management Practices." In Water Resources Allocation, 11–21. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-90-481-9825-2_2.

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Conference papers on the topic "Resource endowment"

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Boss, Stephen K. "THE HUMAN NATURAL RESOURCE ENDOWMENT OF METALS: IS GLOBAL METAL PRODUCTION SUSTAINABLE?" In GSA Annual Meeting in Phoenix, Arizona, USA - 2019. Geological Society of America, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1130/abs/2019am-333548.

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SANNIKOVA, Aija, Aina DOBELE, and Madara DOBELE. "EFFECTS OF LIFELONG EDUCATION AND RELATED FACTORS ON THE COMPETITIVENESS OF COUNTRIES." In Rural Development 2015. Aleksandras Stulginskis University, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.15544/rd.2015.105.

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Modern knowledge becomes a strategic endowment of the country and its key resource for economic growth, giving individuals opportunities to become active employers or increasing their opportunities to become professionals being demanded in the labour market. For these reasons, the development of lifelong education is a significant tool for economic growth in Latvia. Correlation and linear regression analyses showed that lifelong education made the strongest and most positive effects on a country’s competitiveness at two stages of economic development: at the innovation-driven stage and during a country’s transition to it from the efficiency-driven stage (the case of Latvia). Calculations were preformed based on the data for 2008 and 2013, and the results were similar, which indicated the stability of this global causal relationship. So the authors conclude that a country’s stage of economic development plays a crucial role in the extent the factor of lifelong education can affect the country’s global competitiveness. In the countries being at lower stages of economic development, even well-developed lifelong education is not objectively capable of increasing their competiveness as effectively as it takes place, for example, at the innovation-driven stage. Proving a causal relationship – the capability of lifelong education to increase a country’s competitiveness is determined by the existing economic background and rules of game, which are different at different stages of economic development – based on research of the economic aspects of lifelong education may be regarded as the key gain of the present research.
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Cruz, Marcela, Edgar Urban, Roberto F. Aguilera, and Roberto Aguilera. "Mexican Unconventional Plays: Geoscience, Endowment and Economic Considerations." In Unconventional Resources Technology Conference. Tulsa, OK, USA: American Association of Petroleum Geologists, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.15530/urtec-2016-2460927.

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Zhao, Dianhong. "Study on the evolution of rural land use function in developed areas of China." In Post-Oil City Planning for Urban Green Deals Virtual Congress. ISOCARP, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.47472/xgnq9142.

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Under the background of "zero growth" of land use, there are many researches and explorations on the stock renewal of central urban areas in traditional planning. However, in recent years, the rural-led stock land use planning has attracted more and more attention with the development of land space planning. Village area is the basic unit of rural social and economic activities in China. The rational play of land use function in village area has important theoretical and practical significance for the realization of the multi-objective of rural revitalization under ecological civilization. Department of natural resources has issued the work pilot implementation of global land comprehensive improvement notice, rural red line "no increase of the aggregate land for construction purposes, ecological protection not breakthrough", so without any increase in construction land index on the basis of further promote rural land use composite function, is to solve the rural economy development and the important direction of rural land supply contradictions. This paper firstly makes a qualitative theoretical study on the compound mechanism of land use function in villages, and then takes 4 villages in southern Jiangsu province as examples to elaborate the compound mechanism of land use function in the development process. The results show that: (1) land use function changes due to its type and land use mode, and is indirectly influenced by natural resource endowment, social and economic conditions, regional policies, etc., the compound trend of land use function in different types of villages is often different; The land use function of the four villages in the town is as follows: the production function is transformed into the production-ecological composite function, and the living function is transformed into the production-life composite function. (3) summarize the planning of the basic ideas and function of the complex process, refine the agricultural land, unused land and construction land has the implementation of the functional complex strategy.
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Nurdin, Nurdin. "Resource Endowments Strategy for Sustainable E-Government." In 2018 4th International Conference on Science and Technology (ICST). IEEE, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icstc.2018.8528680.

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Adaji, J. J., R. U. Onolemhemhen, S. O. Isehunwa, and A. Adenikinju. "Forecasting the Domestic Utilization of Natural Gas in Nigeria (2015-2020)." In SPE/AAPG Africa Energy and Technology Conference. SPE, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.2118/afrc-2560895-ms.

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ABSTRACT Domestic utilization of natural gas in Nigeria is being hampered by the poor developments in the natural gas sector over the years, with low level of electricity (generation) consumption per capital, weak legal, commercial and regulatory framework amidst poor infrastructural developments in natural gas as compared to that which exists for oil. Nigeria ranks the second in gas flaring and shows low volumes of domestic gas utilization, consuming only about 11% out of the 8.25 billion cubic feet produced per day in 2014 despite its natural gas resource endowment. This paper examines the determinants of domestic utilization of natural gas in Nigeria from 1990-2013. It investigates its relationship as a function of price of natural gas, price of alternative fuels, foreign direct investment, volumes of gas flared, electricity generated from natural gas sources and per capital real GDP. Going further, it forecasts its likely growth rate for a short-term period, using an econometric methodology of ordinary least squares and an ARIMA model, it estimates the relationship between the variables and uses the historical trend to forecast into the future. The result of the study showed that the determinants jointly explain the pattern of domestic gas utilization in Nigeria by 98%. Individually, per capital real GDP, electricity generated from natural gas sources and changes in the volume of domestic utilization of natural gas was found to have a positive and significant effect on domestic gas utilization. Further, the forecast values show evidence of a slow but gradual increase in utilization pattern in the near future from 2015-2020. A best-case scenario of an increase of 0.15% and a worst-case scenario of a decrease of 0.14% was presented. In conclusion, having identified significant influences on domestic gas utilization patterns in Nigeria it is imperative that the government uses economic instrument to enhance the utilization patterns in Nigeria by improving economic activities and developing the power sector which shows significant influence in domestic natural gas utilization patterns.
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Ghezzi, Antonio, Raffaello Balocco, and Andrea Rangone. "How a New Distribution Paradigm Changes the Core Resources, Competences and Capabilities Endowment: The Case of Mobile Application Stores." In 2010 Ninth International Conference on Mobile Business and 2010 Ninth Global Mobility Roundtable (ICMB-GMR). IEEE, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icmb-gmr.2010.72.

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Mohite, S. D. D. "LNG Imports - A Strategic Choice for GCC Region." In SPE Energy Resources Conference. SPE, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.2118/spe-169980-ms.

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Abstract Although Middle East region is blessed with 43% of global proven gas reserves equivalent at 80 trillion cubic meters, of which 50 % are in the Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC) countries, apart from the challenge of historic under-investment, regional gas endowments have been highly uneven and unique. The region is responding to gas shortages by boosting supplies through a combination of E&P developments and imports. As per IEA, the current 240 billion cubic meters (BCM) demand is expected to rise to 300 BCM by 2020 and 600 BCM by 2030. About 90% of incremental energy demand for power generation would come from gas then. Strategic investment will have to focus on creating large volumes of storage capacity as well as peak deliverability to cope with rising imports and power demand requirements. Currently, Dubai and Kuwait import LNG through floating storage and regasification unit (FSRU) projects. At first these imports were seasonal (i.e. summer demand for electricity for air conditioning) and on a spot or short-term basis. Now, demand extends into all but the winter months and soon demand will be year round. The expansion of FSRU in Kuwait in to a permanent facility would increase capacity from 500 MMSCF/d to 3 BCF/d in two phases. This 11.0 million ton per annum (MMTPA) Kuwaiti LNG project under phase-I, is likely to replace the country's FSRU by 2020, mainly to replace the fuel oil firing in power plants. Abu Dhabi is developing a 8.7 MMTPA project in the Emirate of Fujairah on the Indian Ocean outside the Strait of Hormuz. Depending on supply-demand dynamics, Abu Dhabi may be both an importer and exporter of LNG, possibly relying on gas from the Shah and Bab fields. Bahrain has plans to develop 3.6 MMPTA shore-based import facility. Oman has combined Oman LNG and Qalhat LNG projects for integrated benefits, is developing unconventional gas reserves and would reduce gas subsidies to improve the demand equilibrium. Yemen continues to export LNG but has interruptions because of security issues. While Qatar gains geo-political benefits from its broader LNG export customers, with plans to expand its LNG capacity further, the possibility of it supplying gas to its neighbors is remote. Whereas, Saudi Arabia is better dedicated to its oil-field development, has realized benefits of developing and commercializing its gas fields, for both power and job generation. In view of the above, LNG thus remains a strategic choice for GCC countries mainly due to: Most environment-friendly and efficient option for rapidly escalating power demand at ~ 8% p.a.Techno-economics favoring fuel mix of LSFO and LNG for power and industries, instead of crude and dieselRefinery-Petrochemical integration becomes a more viable optionLimitations on geo-technical and geo-political contentious issues on developing non-associated gas fieldsChallenges on speeding up trade and strengthening exchange of power using 2009-set GCC grid, at full capacitySlow diversification into high-profile renewable power projects and its bold initiatives
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Kataoka, Kuniyoshi. "Poetics through Body and Soul: A Plurimodal Approach." In GLOCAL Conference on Asian Linguistic Anthropology 2019. The GLOCAL Unit, SOAS University of London, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.47298/cala2019.4-1.

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In this presentation, I will show that various multimodal resources—such as utterance, prosody, rhythm, schematic images, and bodily reactions—may integratively contribute to the holistic achievement of poeticity. By incorporating the ideas from “ethnopoetics” (Hymes 1981, 1996) and “gesture studies” (McNeill 1992, 2005), I will present a plurimodal analysis of naturally occurring interactions by highlighting the interplay among the verbal, nonverbal, and corporeal representations. With those observations, I confirm that poeticity is not a distinctive quality restricted to constructed poetry or “high” culture, but rather an endowment to any kind of natural discourse that is co-constructed by various semiotic resources. My claim specifically concerns a renewed interest in an ethnopoetic kata ‘form/ shape/ style/ model’ embraced as performative “habitus” among Japanese speakers (Kataoka 2012). Kata, in its broader sense, is stable as well as versatile, often serving as an organizational “template” for performance, which at opportune moments may change its shape and trajectory according to ongoing developments. In other words, preferred structures are not confined to an emergent management of performance, but should also incorporate culturally embedded practices with immediate (re)actions. In order to promote this claim, I explore a case in which mutually coordinated performance is extensively pursued for sharing sympathy and camaraderie. Such a kata-driven construction was typically observed in a highly involved, interactional interview about the Great East Japan Earthquake, in which both interviewer and interviewee were recursively oriented and attuned to the same rhythmic and organizational pattern consisting of an odd-number of kata. Based on these observations, I argue that indigenous principles of organizing discourse are as crucial as the mechanisms of conversational organization, with the higher-order, macro cultural preferences inevitably infiltrating into the micro management of spontaneous talk.
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Reports on the topic "Resource endowment"

1

Podruski, J. A., J. E. Barclay, A. P. Hamblin, P. J. Lee, K G Osadetz, R. M. Procter, and G C Taylor. Part I: Resource Endowment. Natural Resources Canada/ESS/Scientific and Technical Publishing Services, 1988. http://dx.doi.org/10.4095/125327.

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Yusupov, Dilmurad. Deaf Uzbek Jehovah’s Witnesses: The Case of Intersection of Disability, Ethnic and Religious Inequalities in Post-Soviet Uzbekistan. Institute of Development Studies (IDS), June 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.19088/creid.2021.008.

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This study explores how intersecting identities based on disability, ethnicity and religion impact the wellbeing of deaf Uzbek Jehovah’s Witnesses in post-Soviet Uzbekistan. By analysing the collected ethnographic data and semi-structured interviews with deaf people, Islamic religious figures, and state officials in the capital city Tashkent, it provides the case of how a reaction of a majority religious group to the freedom of religious belief contributes to the marginalisation and exclusion of religious deaf minorities who were converted from Islam to the Jehovah’s Witnesses. The paper argues that the insensitivity of the dominant Muslim communities to the freedom of religious belief of deaf Uzbek Christian converts excluded them from their project activities and allocation of resources provided by the newly established Islamic Endowment Public charity foundation ‘Vaqf’. Deaf people in Uzbekistan are often stigmatised and discriminated against based on their disability identity, and religious inequality may further exacerbate existing challenges, lead to unintended exclusionary tendencies within the local deaf communities, and ultimately inhibit the formation of collective deaf identity and agency to advocate for their legitimate rights and interests.
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Estimates of undiscovered conventional oil and gas resources in the United States; a part of the Nation's energy endowment. US Geological Survey, 1989. http://dx.doi.org/10.3133/7000090.

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