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Journal articles on the topic 'Resource endowment'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 5 February 2022

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1

Kim, Dae Jin, and In Kwon Park. "The local distribution of endowments matters: Modelling tax competition with heterogeneous local residents." Urban Studies 54, no. 14 (September 13, 2016): 3239–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0042098016665941.

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This study expands on the tax competition literature by incorporating the heterogeneity of resource endowments into the tax competition framework. It theoretically elaborates that the local distribution of resource endowments affects both the level of tax rate and the degree of spatial dependence in tax competition, and empirically confirms the theory using the data for 60 urban municipalities in the Seoul metropolitan area (SMA), Korea in the years 2004–2006. A spatial panel model for tax cut confirms the presence of tax competition in the SMA and the effects on tax cut of the resource endowment distribution. Another regression model for local indicators of spatial dependence uncovers the fact that the spatial dependence in tax cut is also determined by the local endowment distribution.

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2

Gerrard, Bill. "A Resource-Utilization Model of Organizational Efficiency in Professional Sports Teams." Journal of Sport Management 19, no. 2 (April 2005): 143–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1123/jsm.19.2.143.

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The resource-based view explains sustainable competitive advantage as the consequence of an organization’s endowment of unique and imperfectly replicable resources. Superior organizational performance, however, depends not only on the organization’s resource endowment but also on the efficiency with which the resource endowment is used. In this article a resource-utilization model of a professional sports team is developed in which teams optimize the stock of athletic resources (i.e., playing talent), subject to ownership preferences, over sporting and financial performance. The resource-utilization model is used to analyze the factors influencing the team’s current endowment of athletic resources and evaluate the efficiency with which teams utilize both their athletic and allegiance (i.e., fan base) resources to achieve sporting and financial targets. Empirical evidence is presented on the sporting and financial performance of English professional soccer teams in the FA Premier League over the period 1998-2002. It was found that the financial performance of teams is significantly affected by their ownership status.

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Sun, ZhiQiang, and ZeXiang Cai. "Does Financial Development Hamper or Improve the Resource Curse? Analysis Based on the Panel Threshold Effect Model." Mathematical Problems in Engineering 2020 (July 15, 2020): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2020/4365205.

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This paper analyzes the “resource curse” and “financial threshold effect” that may exist in China and then uses the data from 30 provinces from 2004 to 2018 as research samples. We used linear regression and nondynamic panel threshold models to analyze the financial threshold effects of the “resource curse” hypothesis and the “resource curse” phenomenon. At the same time, we divided the level of financial development to verify the robustness of the research conclusions in this paper. The study found the following: (1) There is a certain correlation between the abundance of resources and economic growth. Whether this can be seen as a “curse” or a “blessing” of resources is significantly related to the degree of financial development. (2) Whether financial development can alleviate the “resource curse” depends on the degree of financial development. In the extremely scarce stage of financial resources, the resource endowment effect is obvious, and the level of economic development in resource-based regions will be higher than in other regions; when the level of financial development is low (financial resources are not scarce and have not reached a reasonable level), the phenomenon of the “resource curse” appears; when the level of financial development is highly developed, economic development benefits more from financial development, and the effects of resource endowment decline. Only when financial development is at a reasonable level can resource endowments effectively raise the level of economic development.

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4

Rogova, T. N. "The resource endowment of regional economy." Regional Economics: Theory and Practice 16, no. 9 (September 14, 2018): 1625–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.24891/re.16.9.1625.

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5

Zoogah, David B. "Natural resource endowment and firm performance: T he moderating role of institutional endowment." Global Strategy Journal 8, no. 4 (September 25, 2017): 578–611. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/gsj.1169.

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6

Akhtaruzzaman, Muhammad, Shaohua Yang, and Azizah Omar. "Are Resource-Rich Countries More Attractive than Countries with Good Institutions to Foreign Direct Investors in Sub-Saharan Africa?" International Journal of Economics and Finance 10, no. 6 (April 30, 2018): 65. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/ijef.v10n6p65.

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Africa is no longer behind in the race of acquiring global share of foreign direct investment (FDI) compared to other developing regions. This study uses FDI dataset of 27 sub-Saharan African (SSA) countries and examines what drives the recent trend of higher FDI flows to Africa. A variety of empirical techniques (e.g. cross-section OLS, panel fixed effects and dynamic GMM) are employed for identifying main drivers of FDI in African countries. The finding of this research suggests that resource endowment is the main driver attracting FDI to SSA countries. More specifically, empirical estimates suggest that a one-standard deviation increase in resource endowment in the SSA countries is associated with an increase in FDI ranging from 34% to 83%. Empirical result also suggests that between institutions and resource endowment, resource endowment is the most robust determinant of FDI in SSA countries.

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7

AUTY, RICHARD M. "NATURAL RESOURCE ENDOWMENT, THE STATE AND DEVELOPMENT STRATEGY." Journal of International Development 9, no. 4 (June 1997): 651–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/(sici)1099-1328(199706)9:4<651::aid-jid474>3.0.co;2-4.

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8

Kondrat’ev, V. "Mineral and Natural Resources as Global Competitiveness Factor." World Economy and International Relations, no. 6 (2010): 20–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.20542/0131-2227-2010-6-20-30.

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The availability of raw material resources is an important factor of global competitiveness. In fact, this point may not be applied to all countries. Moreover, according to research, in many developing countries the natural resources endowment is inversely related to the pace of economic growth and living standards, and positively related to income inequality. Such negative connection between the natural resources endowment and economic growth is named the “resource damnation” . The development analysis of countries rich in mineral resources demonstrates that the economic policy pattern plays a key role in prevention of the “Dutch disease”, achievement of sustainable economic growth and improving competitiveness of national economy.

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9

Ojukwu-Ogba, Nelson, and Patrick Osode. "Reversing the ‘Resource Curse’ Phenomenon in Nigeria: An Assessment of the Nigeria Extractive Industries Transparency Initiative Act After a Decade." African Journal of Legal Studies 10, no. 2-3 (December 7, 2017): 141–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/17087384-12340019.

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Abstract Natural resources endowment is a blessing to the endowed states due to their catalytic development-driving potential. The exploitation of the endowment should result in rapid socio-economic development. However, for most developing states, the blessing of these natural resources strangely tends to turn disadvantageous; a phenomenon that has been distinctly identified in the literature as ‘the resource curse’. This paper examines that phenomenon, using Nigeria as a case study given the serious environmental, political and socio-economic challenges occasioned by the country’s exploitation of its oil and gas endowment. The paper particularly considers the impact of the statutory intervention in Nigeria to reverse the trend through the instrumentality of the Nigeria Extractive Industries Transparency Initiative Act (NEITI Act) 2007. The paper further explores what could be the most effective means of containing the said problems in light of their implications for the future of the country and its people.

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10

Rodríguez-Gulías, María Jesús, Sara Fernández-López, and David Rodeiro-Pazos. "Gender differences in growth of Spanish university spin-offs." Gender in Management: An International Journal 33, no. 2 (April 9, 2018): 86–103. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/gm-04-2017-0040.

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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to explore the hypothesis that the female-owned university spin-off organizations (USOs) have a similar resource endowment and, as a consequence, growth rates similar to the male-owned USOs. Design/methodology/approach A unique and original longitudinal data set, which is an unbalanced panel, consisting of 120 Spanish USOs over the period 2001-2010 has been constructed. The methodology includes the analysis of mean differences (t-test) and dynamic panel data models. Findings The results confirmed that there are no gender differences in either the firms’ initial resource endowment or in the preference for industries. There is no gender effect on the USOs’ growth, but the initial endowment resources matter. Thus the financial, human and technological resources have a positive effect on the USOs’ growth. This evidence suggests that the USOs’ context may mitigate the initial resource endowment of the female-owned firms and their preferences for traditional industries, showing similar rates of growth than male-owned USOs. Research limitations/implications Owners’ gender has been used as a proxy for founders’ gender. Also, only USOs included in the SABI database have been considered as part of the sample; the significant number of USOs that did not reveal information about their owners have been discarded. Practical implications It is important to continue supporting academic entrepreneurship, as in the university context, firm growth is not affected by gender differences. However, given that the percentage of female owners in university entrepreneurship is still lower compared to entrepreneurship in general, the universities’ entrepreneur programmes targeting women must adopt a gendered perspective. Originality/value Literature on USOs has traditionally analyzed the firm-specific characteristics that impact their growth without considering the influence of the owners’ gender. In this paper, an attempt to fill this gap has been made using a sample of 120 Spanish USOs and by applying the dynamic panel data methodology. In particular, it has been argued that the university context from which USOs emerge allows female-owned USOs to have a similar resource endowment and, as a consequence, a similar growth when compared to male-owned USOs.

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Porto, Natalia, and Natalia Espinola. "Labor income inequalities and tourism development in Argentina: A regional approach." Tourism Economics 25, no. 8 (March 2019): 1265–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1354816619828143.

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This study aims to explore the regional wages inequalities and its relationship with the development of tourism and amenities endowment. We estimate a spatial error model for 29 metropolitan agglomerations in Argentina during the period 2004–2015. Four indices of touristic amenities that interact with tourism employment—as a proxy for tourism development—in labor income inequality estimations are used. Results show that the labor income distribution depends on the natural resources endowment, as well as the development of tourism in the agglomerates. A more equal distribution of labor income is observed in the agglomerates that have a greater presence of water-based resources, while the relationship is inverse in agglomerates with a greater presence of land-based resources. Also, the tourism employment has an unequal effect on labor income. In conclusion, the study shows the relevance of including aspects of regional development and resource endowment in the analysis of income inequality.

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12

Batyaeva, A. "Capacity and Labor Resource Endowment of Industrial Enterprises: Consequences of Deviation from the “Perfect Balance”." Russian Economic Barometer (QuE), no. 3 (2020): 3–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.20542/0202-179x-2020-3-3-20.

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The article deals with one of the aspects of adapting industrial enterprises to demand: the correspondence of available production capacities and labor force to the annual demand. The base for comparison was a group of manufacturers whose capacity and labor were in full correspondence with demand. This “ideal” group was compared with others which had an excessive or insufficient volume of resource in various combinations. In total, nine groups of enterprises were examined. As a result of the analysis, the following conclusions were made. For almost 30 years of observations, the share of enterprises whose capacity and labor met the demand has doubled and now exceeds 60%. This group had the biggest share of financially sound enterprises. Over time, lack or excess of resources became more expensive for enterprises, and the surplus of labor appeared to be particularly harmful.

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13

Anderson, F. J. "Valuing a Depletable Resource Endowment in an Open Economy." Canadian Journal of Economics 19, no. 4 (November 1986): 730. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/135323.

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14

PAUL, ANTONYTO. "Rise, fall, and persistence in Kadakkodi: an enquiry into the evolution of a community institution for fishery management in Kerala, India." Environment and Development Economics 10, no. 1 (January 17, 2005): 33–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1355770x04001767.

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Against the backdrop of a community-based fishery management institution called kadakkodi, this paper addresses the question of how institutions evolve, innovate, or disintegrate. It explains how institutional evolution is determined by factors like relative resource endowment, technology, cultural endowment, and inherited institutional structures. The strength of such informal institutions in facilitating effective resource management admitted, the paper argues that in the wake of increasing resource-related, technological, cultural and institutional heterogeneities, they may fail to perform and hence are no panacea to the problems of resource management. Such predicaments may call for complementary formal institutions whose supply, however, would depend on the cost of collective action.

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15

Zhan, Jing Vivian, Haiyan Duan, and Ming Zeng. "Resource Dependence and Human Capital Investment in China." China Quarterly 221 (February 11, 2015): 49–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0305741014001556.

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AbstractCountries endowed with rich natural resources such as fuels and minerals often fall behind in human development. Does resource endowment hamper human capital development in China, a country that hosts rich resources in many of its regions? Through cross-regional and longitudinal statistical analysis and field research in selected mining areas, this study finds that resource dependence reduces government expenditure on human capital-enhancing public goods including education and health care. The local economic structure and reduced demand for labour, the shifting of government responsibilities onto mining enterprises, and the myopia of local residents and officials all discourage the local governments in resource-rich regions from investing in human capital.

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16

Smil, Vaclav. "China's Energy and Resource Uses: Continuity and Change." China Quarterly 156 (December 1998): 935–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0305741000051407.

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Recent writings on China's achievements during the last quarter of the 20th century stress, almost without exception, the enormity of change. But, for both universal and particular reasons, this survey of the country's energy resources and uses will stress continuity as much as change. Taking the inertia of complex energy systems as the key universal given, the most important particular explanation lies in peculiarities of China's resource endowment.

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17

Sazonov, Sergey, Ekaterina Kharlamova, Irina Chekhovskaya, and Elena Polyanskaya. "Mechanism of determination of effectiveness of spending assets of endowment funds on the basis of mathematical models." International Journal of Educational Management 31, no. 1 (January 9, 2017): 21–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijem-02-2016-0040.

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Purpose Economic problems of the system of education were the object of interest of classics of economic science – A. Smith and A. Marshall – who viewed education as a source of public capital, and acquired skills and competences – as a part of national wealth. These ideas were further developed in the theory of human capital by T. Schultz, G.S. Becker, G. Psacharopoulos, P. Teixeira, and R. Solow. At that, specifics of modernization economic processes in the sphere of education, peculiarities of modern functional and financial state require conceptual consideration and provision of development of working mechanism of effectiveness of spending assets of endowment funds. The purpose of this paper is to determine the mechanism of effectiveness of spending assets of endowment funds on the basis of mathematical models. Design/methodology/approach The paper offers a mechanism of determination of effectiveness of spending of endowment funds. Findings Effectiveness of an endowment fund’s effectiveness depends on the results of fund-raising activities, supporting relations with donators, and financing of targeted programs and directions of activities. This information is key information during the determination of results of endowment fund’s activities for current and potential donators. That is why it should provide reports in the order of formation of endowment, received revenue from trust management, and direction of usage of revenues from endowment, for which a donator has given his assets, on a regular basis. Originality/value In the modern system of higher education, the issue of search for new sources of financing for the purpose of improvement of quality of education and educational process, growth of wages of academic staff, attraction of foreign lecturers and specialists with practical experience of work from various spheres of production, and increase of stipends of the best students remains actual. The paper offers a mechanism of determination of effectiveness of spending of endowment funds.

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18

Qiang, Qiu, and Chen Jian. "Natural resource endowment, institutional quality and China's regional economic growth." Resources Policy 66 (June 2020): 101644. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.resourpol.2020.101644.

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19

Ndikumana, Léonce, and Kaouther Abderrahim. "Revenue Mobilization in African Countries: Does Natural Resource Endowment Matter?*." African Development Review 22, no. 3 (September 1, 2010): 351–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-8268.2010.00250.x.

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20

Charles, Ayobola, Ekundayo Mesagan, and Muibi Saibu. "Resource Endowment and Export Diversification: Implications for Growth in Nigeria." Studies in Business and Economics 13, no. 1 (April 1, 2018): 29–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/sbe-2018-0003.

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AbstractThis paper examined the relationship between resource endowment and export diversification and its implication for economic growth in Nigeria based on data from 1981 to 2015. The result of the Granger causality test suggests that unidirectional causality runs from oil production to economic growth, while export diversification does not granger cause economic growth. From the error correction result, it was established that export diversification positively impacts growth from the last two periods, while in the current period, it has negative effect on growth. This means that the key issue with Nigerian economy might not be structural but institutional. That is, even if the economy is diversified, the expected result may still be a ruse without appropriate economic institutional reform. The study concludes that specialisation is preferred to diversification for Nigeria in the current circumstance. Hence, the key issue to sustain growth in Nigeria is not in the number of productive sectors but in their efficiency.

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21

Andrade Rojas, Mariana Giovanna, and Abhishek Kathuria. "Competitive Brokerage: External Resource Endowment and Information Technology As Antecedents." Academy of Management Proceedings 2014, no. 1 (January 2014): 15643. http://dx.doi.org/10.5465/ambpp.2014.161.

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22

Roßner, Robert, and Dimitrios Zikos. "The Role of Homogeneity and Heterogeneity Among Resource Users on Water Governance: Lessons Learnt from an Economic Field Experiment on Irrigation in Uzbekistan." Water Economics and Policy 04, no. 03 (July 2018): 1850008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s2382624x1850008x.

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The governance of common-pool resources, such as irrigation systems, is a highly debated topic in research. Numerous studies suggest that actors can successfully manage these resources through cooperation, especially in hybrid governance structures, if they are able to design and enforce their own rules. Thereby, certain factors, such as the composition of a group of resource users, influence the likelihood of cooperation and the performance of self-managed resource systems. This study employed an economic framed field experiment to compare the effects of externally imposed and self-set rules of water distribution on homogeneous and heterogeneous groups of irrigation users who differ in their economic endowment. The experiment was conducted with 20 farmers in an Uzbek community. Furthermore, questionnaires, group discussions and interviews complemented the analytical method. The results show that groups, homogeneous in their economic endowment are more inclined to comply with self-designed rules than groups that are economically heterogeneous. Thus, homogenous groups achieve a better performance in terms of resource maintenance and water harvest under self-governance. However, water distribution was more equal and the illegal activities decreased in both the homogeneous and heterogeneous groups with self-implemented rules. It was found that trust was a crucial factor regarding both greater individual rule adherence and more cooperative behavior within homogeneous entities compared to heterogeneous groups of irrigation users. Finally, the results support the argument that economic heterogeneity among resource users lowers the likeliness of cooperation in self-governed common-pool resource systems.

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23

Wang, P., X. Lin, and Y. H. Yu. "Study on Physical Account and Value Account of Sea Area Resources." E3S Web of Conferences 93 (2019): 01001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/20199301001.

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Conducting surveys on the status quo of sea area resources, figuring out the basic information about endowment of sea area resources, constructing an accounting standard system for sea area resource assets - value and establishing a physical account and a value account for sea area resource reserve are the foundation for sea area price evaluation and necessary conditions for the perfection of natural resource asset property rights system. This paper analyzes the survey on the status quo of sea area resources in China and the status quo of resource account and value account, brings up a problem that surveys and accountings of sea area resources cannot meet the management requirements of paid utilization of sea area and offers specific suggestions such as carrying out surveys on the space resources of sea area, evaluating the value of resources.

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Wang, Yuting. "Research on the Location Choice of Chinese Enterprises’ Overseas Investment under the Motivation for Seeking natural resources in Host Country." E3S Web of Conferences 206 (2020): 01001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202020601001.

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Since the “Belt and Road” initiative was put forward in 2013, China’s overseas investment has achieved rapid development. As a country with high energy consumption, China’s demand for the host country’s natural resources such as iron ore and fuel is increasing. The impact of motivation for seeking natural resources on the location choice of Chinese enterprises’ overseas investment has also received extensive attention. This paper selects the overseas investment records of Chinese companies in 40 countries from 2007 to 2017 as a sample. And this paper uses the conditional logit model to explore the impact of the host country’s natural resources on the location choice of Chinese enterprises’ overseas investment with different ownerships under the “Belt and Road” initiative. The study found that the natural resource endowment of the host country has a significant positive impact on the location choice of Chinese enterprises’ overseas investment. And it has a stronger promotion effect on the overseas investment of Chinese state-owned enterprises. The “Belt and Road” initiative has significantly improved the role of the host country’s natural resource endowment in the location choice of China’s non-state-owned enterprises’ overseas investment.

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Farid, Diana. "The Waqf of Money as a Community Economic Empowerment Efforts." International Journal of Nusantara Islam 4, no. 2 (July 18, 2016): 27–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.15575/ijni.v4i2.1068.

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Waqaf is basically seen as one of the religious institutions in Islam which is relevant and functionally efforts to solve socio-economic problems and humanity, such as poverty alleviation, human resource development, and economic empowerment. The endowments are absolutely an important role in achieving a just social order. From the perspective of shapes, endowment money is seen as one of the solutions that can make endowments to be more productive. Because the money here will no longer to be used as a means of exchange, but more than it, we can explore it as a commodity to produce in the terms of economic development. Therefore, the cash money in the form of waqaf of money can result any benefit for the community. Appearances distribution of endowments can be used to productive activity in the era of economic downturn of the Islamic community in Indonesia. Now it should become the primary choice. In another sense, it is a productive waqaf endowment that must be a priority and dedicated its efforts to more fruitful. Thus, the sizes of different paradigms are done by the consumptive waqaf, because it gives a new hope for the majority of the Muslim community. Endowments are not willing to lead in worship of mahdhah which is directed to the consumptive waqaf. Using the findings of waqaf has been prioritized to give benefit in a very broad, including for economic empowerment, such as public facilities and worship activities, social facilities and educational activities as well as health, aid to poor people, displaced children, orphans, scholarship, progress and economic improvement for the people who needs the advancement of public welfare other non-contrary to the sharia business law.

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Kumar, Sikander, and Vishal Chauhan. "Economics of pears production in Himachal Pradesh a study of Jubbal and Kotkhai block of district Shimla." INTERNATIONAL RESEARCH JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL ECONOMICS AND STATISTICS 11, no. 2 (September 15, 2020): 248–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.15740/has/irjaes/11.2/248-254.

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Farm production is the result of the transformation of various resources such as human labour, bullock power, mechanical power, water for irrigation, seeds, manures and fertilizers, insecticides and pesticides and cultivation practices, etc. As these all factor inputs are costly and scarce, the case for their efficient use is self-evident. Moreover, farm resource endowment and the extent of their use on farms has a direct bearing in determining the overall level of crop production. Therefore, it is necessary to study the extent and magnitude of various farm endowments prevailing on farms in different size classes in the study area.The study was conducted at Jubbal and Kotkhai block of district Shimla from where sample of 200 farmers of different holdings were collected to understand the input-output relationship for pears production and was analyized with the Cobb-Douglas production function. From the study we tried to understand the resource efficiency by calculating the elasticity co-efficient of different inputs (labour man-days, land, manures and fertilizers, seeds and others) with regards tooutput and, therefore, determining the economics of scales of fruit.We have found that land, labour, manures and fertilizersinputs are influencing the pears production across all farm size however, small farm size resource efficiency is good as compare to other farm holdings.

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27

Bell, Morag, and Patricia Hotchkiss. "Garden cultivation, conservation and household strategies in Zimbabwe." Africa 61, no. 2 (April 1991): 202–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/1160615.

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AbstractWith reference to dambo utilisation in the Communal Areas of Zimbabwe, this article considers how, under conditions of unreliable rainfall, communities and households manage their land and water resources to maintain a balance between resource exploitation and conservation. Regional variations in patterns of garden cultivation are identified and related to differences in resource endowment, to variations in the interpretation and implementation of government legislation and t o contrasting histories of involvement in commodity production. It is also demonstrated that within regions domestic strategies are not rigidly fixed but may be modified over time with changes in household composition and resources available.

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Cornwell, Evelyn. "Island Empowerment as Global Endowment: Understanding Hawaiian Adaptive Cultural Resource Management." Journal for Undergraduate Ethnography 10, no. 1 (February 12, 2020): 69–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.15273/jue.v10i1.9949.

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Based on fieldwork and interviews with academics, activists, government officials, and indigenous alaka‘i (practitioners) involved in the revival of traditional fishponds and ahupua‘a (land-based management systems), I provide a case study of the politics of cultural resource management on two islands in Hawai’i. Analyzing the intersections of identity, community, education, and spirituality as they influence indigenous sciences of sustainable resource management, I underscore themes in cultural resource management, historically based restoration, Community Based Subsistence Fishing Areas (CBSFAs), and Traditional Ecological Knowledge (TEK), particularly focusing on the merits of combining these methods to create an adaptive resource management style. According to informants' understandings of place, culture, and politics in their own lives, the ideal model for a sustainable global future should be based on an indigenous place-based model of “adaptive” cultural resource management.

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Wang, Yameng, Apurbo Sarkar, Linyan Ma, Qian Wu, and Feng Wei. "Measurement of Investment Potential and Spatial Distribution of Arable Land among Countries within the “Belt and Road Initiative”." Agriculture 11, no. 9 (September 5, 2021): 848. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/agriculture11090848.

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The belt and road initiative (BRI) is a mutual development approach projected by China, which delivers exceptional opportunities for multi-phased communication and cooperation across Asia, Africa, and Europe. It opens ample opportunities for China to easily invest in overseas arable land. Based on the macro data of 119 countries in 2010 and 2016 before and after the BRI, the study comprehensively uses fuzzy C-means clustering and the entropy method to evaluate the potential of arable land investment from four dimensions, which existing literature has not fully grasped. Moreover, the study uses the exploratory spatial data analysis methods (ESDA), kernel density estimation, and trend surface analysis to study the spatial pattern characteristics. The results show that: (i) there are noticeable regional differences in the investment potential of arable land in BRI countries. Asian countries, led by Kazakhstan and Indonesia, and African Unions, led by Ethiopia, South Africa, and Tanzania, generally have higher investment potential. However, South America and European countries are relatively lower. (ii) Resource endowment and production conditions significantly impact overseas arable land investment potential. Asia and Africa have advantages in resource endowment and production conditions, while European countries generally have better economic and political environments. (iii) From the perspective of time evolution, the investment potential in 2016 is generally higher than in 2010, and the negative correlation and dispersion are lower than in 2010. Based on these findings, it is recommended that Chinese enterprises should comprehensively consider the differences in resource endowments and agricultural development levels in various countries, optimize investment layout, and reduce investment risks. Chinese companies should collaborate with host nations on modernization and promote the long-term viability of arable land investments.

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Zhao, Kang, Rui Zhang, Hong Liu, Geyi Wang, and Xialing Sun. "Resource Endowment, Industrial Structure, and Green Development of the Yellow River Basin." Sustainability 13, no. 8 (April 19, 2021): 4530. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su13084530.

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The Yellow River Basin is an important energy base of China, and its green development is crucial to Chinese economic transformation. In this paper, we calculate the green total factor productivity (GTFP) to measure the green development level of the Yellow River Basin by using an Slack Based Model- Global Malmquist-Luenberger (SBM-GML) index model. On this basis, we use a Generalized Method of Moments (GMM) model to further analyze the impact of resource endowment and industrial structure on the green development of cities. The results show that resource endowment inhibits the green development of cities and that the resource curse is observed in the Yellow River Basin. The industrial structure advancement significantly promotes the green development of cities. The impact of industrial structure rationalization on green development varies significantly on the type of city. Specifically, it has an inhibiting effect on key environmental protection cities but a promoting effect on non-key environmental protection cities.

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Noh, Grimm. "Strategic Decoupling in Korean Business Groups: Ambiguous Identity as a Strategy in Chaebol Groups." Sustainability 11, no. 9 (May 3, 2019): 2561. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su11092561.

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I examine how firms affiliated with Korean business groups utilize decoupling of the stated business area and actual business activities to maintain the economic sustainability of their organizations. In examining the strategic sources of decoupling, I focus on the idiosyncratic nature of Korean business groups, otherwise known as chaebols. I suggest that decoupling of the stated and actual business areas of a chaebol affiliate is affected positively by the number of regulations in the industry, positively by the relative resource endowment of the affiliate within the chaebol, and negatively by the affiliate’s niche overlap with other affiliates. However, the negative effect of niche overlap was moderated by the affiliate’s relative resource endowment.

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Murshed, Syed Mansoob. "What Turns a Blessing into a Curse? The Political Economy of Natural Resource Wealth (Invited Lecture)." Pakistan Development Review 46, no. 4I (December 1, 2007): 351–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.30541/v46i4ipp.351-377.

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I review the relationship between natural resource endowment type and economic growth in developing countries. Certain types of natural resources, such as oil and minerals, tend to exhibit concentrated production and revenue patterns, while revenue flows from other resources such as agriculture are more diffuse. Most developing countries that export products from the first group have been prone to growth failure in recent times. The most important channels are political economy mechanisms, where there are negative relationships between natural resource rents and institutional development. An explicit model of growth collapse with micro-foundations in rent-seeking contests that have increasing returns in rent-seeking outlays is presented.

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Koebel, Bertrand M., Anne-Laure Levet, Phu Nguyen-Van, Indradev Purohoo, and Ludovic Guinard. "Productivity, resource endowment and trade performance of the wood product sector." Journal of Forest Economics 22 (January 2016): 24–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jfe.2015.10.004.

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Mickiewicz, Tomasz, Frederick Wedzerai Nyakudya, Nicholas Theodorakopoulos, and Mark Hart. "Resource endowment and opportunity cost effects along the stages of entrepreneurship." Small Business Economics 48, no. 4 (October 13, 2016): 953–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11187-016-9806-x.

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Saâdaoui, Foued, and Rafik Jbir. "Petroleum endowment and economic growth: examination of the resource curse phenomenon." Energy Sources, Part B: Economics, Planning, and Policy 16, no. 7 (May 23, 2021): 603–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/15567249.2021.1928332.

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Bartsch-Winkler, Susan, D. M. Sutphin, M. M. Ball, S. L. Korzeb, R. F. Kness, and J. T. Dutchover. "Summary of the mineral- and energy-resource endowment, BLM roswell resource area, east-central New Mexico." Nonrenewable Resources 2, no. 4 (December 1993): 262–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf02257538.

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37

Grissom, T. V., M. McCord, P. Davis, and J. McCord. "The use of strong and weak form sustainability to assist in rate development for the valuation of exhaustible resources (part II)." Property Management 32, no. 4 (August 12, 2014): 295–311. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/pm-03-2013-0018.

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Purpose –This paper is the second of a two part series which offers new theoretical and empirical insights investigating the rates structures appropriate for exhaustible resources with a particular emphasis on urban land, based upon the differentiation of strong- and weak-form sustainability concepts constrained by the objectives of the sustainable criterion of Daly and Cobb (1994). The integration of the concepts and objectives allow the theoretical formulation of discount and capitalization rates that can be empirically tested. This empirical application employs data from 12 diverse national economies. The paper aims to discuss these issues. Design/methodology/approach – The paper integrates the concepts of discount rate development for environmental and long-term assets and discounted utility analysis to the policy concerns associated with the valuation of public and sustainable resources. The new approach empirically shows the diverse issues of competing sustainable objectives across nations. Findings – The potential and degree of strong-form or weak-form sustainability application in each nation enabled the identification as to whether alternative capital as defined by the modified Ramsey model used per nation, or the marginal rate of resource return as defined by strong form objective of a constant natural resource endowment, can identify which form of capital becomes the major constraint on the resource valuation and allocation decision appropriate within each nation. The findings showed constraints on nation resource endowments relative to population needs and the culture preferences endemic across nations. Originality/value – The findings serve as a basis for future research on the optimal levels of sustainable development appropriate for different nations, the impactions of the timing and level of capital re-switching associated with the application of strong- or weak-form sustainability and the develop of rate and risk measures that can assist in the consideration of sustainable resource as a distinct asset class.

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Bortoluzzi, Guido, Maria Chiarvesio, Eleonora Di Maria, and Raffaella Tabacco. "Exporters moving toward emerging markets: a resource-based approach." International Marketing Review 31, no. 5 (September 2, 2014): 506–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/imr-12-2013-0280.

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Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to understand whether and how specific capabilities at the firm level can sustain firms during the process of international expansion in emerging markets (EMs). Design/methodology/approach – A quantitative study was carried out, and the authors analyzed data from a sample of 271 manufacturing firms. A logistic regression was used to check for differences in the endowment of resources and capabilities of firms solely focussing on advanced markets (AMs) or extending their international scope to EMs as well. Findings – Firms that expanded their business in EMs showed a significantly higher endowment of international experience and marketing capabilities compared with firms that focussed only on AMs. The authors found that the size of the firm is irrelevant: even small firms can reach EMs by leveraging an appropriate set of capabilities. Research limitations/implications – The study is cross-sectional and cannot provide a longitudinal view of the process of capability development. Future research will be needed to detail the process of capability development during the international expansion of firms into EMs. Practical implications – Regardless of size, firms that plan to enter EMs should develop specific capabilities, especially marketing capabilities, to increase the likelihood of success. Already internationalized firms have a considerable advantage due to the knowledge they have accumulated in other markets. Originality/value – This paper advances understanding of the process of the international expansion of firms in EMs from a resource-based perspective.

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Dinda, Soumyananda. "Natural Resources Determining FDI in Nigeria." International Journal of Research in Business and Social Science (2147-4478) 3, no. 1 (January 15, 2014): 75–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.20525/ijrbs.v3i1.88.

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This study investigates the determinants of FDI to Nigeria during 1970-2006. This study suggests that the endowment of natural resources, trade intensity, macroeconomic risk factors such as inflation and exchange rates are significant determinants of FDI flow to Nigeria. The findings suggest that in long run, market size is not the significant factor for attracting FDI to Nigeria, it contradicts the existing literature. The findings indicate that FDI to Nigeria is resource-seeking. Results also suggest that trading partner like the UK in North-South (N - S) and China in South-South (S - S) trade relation have strong influence on Nigeria’s natural resource outflow.

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Chekera, Yolanda T., and Vincent O. Nmehielle. "The International Law Principle of Permanent Sovereignty over Natural Resources as an Instrument for Development: The Case of Zimbabwean Diamonds." African Journal of Legal Studies 6, no. 1 (2013): 69–101. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/17087384-12342021.

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Abstract Extensive research has shown that revenue from the exploitation of natural resources can sustain development. Conversely, development research literature has shown that many developing countries have failed to use the natural resources to improve and sustain good living for their citizens. In most cases, those in political offices have squandered the resources and benefits that have accrued from the country’s natural endowments. This article explores how the international law principle of permanent sovereignty over natural resources (PSNR) could be used as a vehicle for development, particularly looking at the case of Zimbabwean diamonds. While the principle could be an instrument for development, this article argues that legislation governing mining in Zimbabwe is not facilitative of a people-centred interpretation of the principle. Mining legislation vests the custodial right over the country’s mineral resources in the President. This creates an opportunity for abuse, as it limits the extent to which the people, as beneficiaries of the principle, can lay claim to the content of the principle. It also effectively limits any say the people may have on how revenue from the sale of diamonds is utilised, and how they would want to benefit from the resource. The article concludes that there is a need for legislative reform that speaks to development that is people-centred without which the majority of the people will keep sinking into the doldrums of extreme poverty, despite the country’s resource endowment. The hope is that the new Zimbabwean constitution will provide the impetus in this regard.

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Ma, Sai, Jiang Feng Li, and Feng Juan Wei. "Comprehensive Regionalization Based on Evaluation of Resources Carrying Capacity in Hubei." Advanced Materials Research 1073-1076 (December 2014): 1494–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.1073-1076.1494.

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This study evaluated resources carrying capacity as a foundation to regionalize Hubei. Firstly, system dynamics was used to build the simulation model of resources carrying capacity to evaluate the population can be carried. We divided the man-earth system into four subsystem: land use, water resource, environmental and socio-economic system. It turns out that Hubei can carry a population of 76.43million in 2010, 105.92million in 2020. And water resource carrying capacity surpasses other carrying capacity in 11 municipalities among 17 districts of Hubei. Secondly, carrying capacity index and carrying capacity per hectare were put forward to revise the calculation, in order to eliminate the impact of land area and population and reveal local resources endowment. In addition, this research applied hierarchical clustering to class 17 municipalities of Hubei and brought out five comprehensive zones.

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Ash, Robert F., and Richard Louis Edmonds. "China's Land Resources, Environment and Agricultural Production." China Quarterly 156 (December 1998): 836–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0305741000051365.

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Success in agriculture depends on many factors embracing the natural environment, economic and demographic policy, institutions and technology. China's agricultural resource endowment has long encouraged reliance on land-intensive methods to raise farm outputs. Indeed, the record of agricultural growth in China since 1978 is most remarkable for the overwhelming debt it owes to increases in yields per hectare.

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Li, Fang, Feng-ping Wu, Liu-xin Chen, Yue Zhao, Xiang-nan Chen, and Zhi-ying Shao. "Fair and Reasonable Allocation of Trans-Boundary Water Resources Based on an Asymmetric Nash Negotiation Model from the Satisfaction Perspective: A Case Study for the Lancang–Mekong River Bain." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 17, no. 20 (October 20, 2020): 7638. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17207638.

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The issue of trans-boundary water conflict has become an important factor affecting the relations between basin countries. The key to solve the current conflict problem is to realize the fair and reasonable allocation of trans-boundary water resources. Based on the satisfaction perspective, we developed an asymmetric Nash negotiation model to obtain an optimal and feasible allocation scheme for the trans-boundary water resources. Firstly, based on the two international water laws, we analyzed the influencing factors including water demand differences, resource endowment differences, and water efficiency differences, and by combing with the flexible weight constraint, we built the fair and reasonable allocation pattern for trans-boundary water resources. Secondly, under the constraint of the allocation pattern, we determined the ideal negotiation scheme of each basin country by considering their selection preference. Thirdly, we built a satisfaction degree function and established an asymmetric Nash negotiation model. This is used to build a fair negotiation mechanism among basin countries, and the allocation scheme after negotiation is regarded as the optimal allocation scheme. Lastly, we took the Lancang–Mekong river basin as an example. For this example, the results indicate the following: (1) after considering multiple factors comprehensively, China and Thailand obtained a higher proportion of trans-boundary water resource quota under different preference scenarios, while Myanmar obtained a lower proportion of trans-boundary water resource quota; (2) taking each basin country as the negotiation agent, the optimal allocation scheme with the introduction of fair negotiation mechanism has a higher degree of satisfaction, with an average of over 87.19%, which is more stable and easy to be accepted by all basin countries; (3) from the perspective of the change rate and the average satisfaction of the basin countries, the optimal allocation scheme under the resource endowment preference scenario obtained the highest satisfaction among basin countries. This study aims to improve the practicability and acceptability of trans-boundary water resources allocation, thus providing technical support for reducing trans-boundary water resources conflicts.

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Nguyen, Kim Anh Thi, Curtis M. Jolly, and Brice Merlin Nguelifack. "Biodiversity, coastal protection and resource endowment: Policy options for improving ocean health." Journal of Policy Modeling 40, no. 2 (March 2018): 242–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jpolmod.2018.02.002.

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45

Wen, Mei, and Stephen P. King. "Push or pull? The relationship between development, trade and primary resource endowment." Journal of Economic Behavior & Organization 53, no. 4 (April 2004): 569–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0167-2681(03)00098-2.

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46

Xu, Helian, Moga Tano Jilenga, and Yuping Deng. "Institutional Quality, Resource Endowment, and Economic Growth: Evidence from Cross-Country Data." Emerging Markets Finance and Trade 55, no. 8 (September 21, 2018): 1754–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/1540496x.2018.1496418.

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CHENG, Yeqing, Jinping ZHANG, and Yan CHEN. "Resource endowment, economic foundation, and the construction of Hainan Free Trade Port." 资源科学 43, no. 2 (2021): 229–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.18402/resci.2021.02.03.

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48

Wang, Ying, and Xiangyuan Chen. "Natural resource endowment and ecological efficiency in China: Revisiting resource curse in the context of ecological efficiency." Resources Policy 66 (June 2020): 101610. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.resourpol.2020.101610.

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Mesagan, Peter Ekundayo, Akanni Ismaila Yusuf, and Azubuike Isaac Ogbuji. "Natural resource endowment and output growth: How crucial is deficit financing in managing resource-rich African economies?" Journal of Social and Economic Development 21, no. 2 (October 10, 2019): 353–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s40847-019-00083-z.

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Ohene-Asare, Kwaku, Victor Sosu Gakpey, and Charles Turkson. "Inter-group performance of oil producing countries: a meta and global frontier analysis." International Journal of Energy Sector Management 12, no. 3 (September 3, 2018): 426–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijesm-07-2017-0006.

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PurposeThe purpose of this study is to compare the production efficiencies and frontiers differences of oil-producing countries (OPCs) in four inter-governmental organizations (IGOs) in the international petroleum industry with the aim of providing such countries understanding of group characteristics that help maximize their supply interests.Design/methodology/approachThe empirical analysis is based on 14 years of panel data covering the period from 2000 to 2013. In all 46 unique countries who are members of four IGOs relevant to the international petroleum industry are examined on individual and group bases. The authors use both metafrontier analysis and global frontier difference in examining the group average and group frontiers, respectively.FindingsGroups with high inter and intra-group collaborations which ensure exchange of information, organizational learning and innovation tend to do better than groups with even higher hydro-carbon endowment. Additionally, hydro-carbon resource endowment may not be the solution to group inefficiency without higher endowment in human capital, economic stability, technology and infrastructure.Practical implicationsChoice of inter-governmental organizational membership should be based on the level of inter- and intra-group collaborations, human capital endowment among others and not mere historic links or even resource endowment.Originality/valueThis is among the few studies to compare and rank IGOs. Specifically, it is among the first studies to analyze the petroleum production efficiencies of IGOs involved in the international petroleum industry. This study assesses the performance differences among OPCs with the aim of identifying for OPCs the characteristics of inter-governmental groups that are beneficial to efficiency in upstream petroleum activities.

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