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1
Wachs, Theodore D. Necessary but not sufficient: The respective roles of single and multiple influences on individual development. Washington: American Psychological Association, 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/10344-000.
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Respecting the contributions of African Americans. New York: PowerKids Press, 2013.
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Wachs, Theodore D. Necessary but Not Sufficient: The Respective Roles of Single and Multiple Influences on Individual Development. American Psychological Association (APA), 2000.
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Arthur, Gobineau. The Moral And Intellectual Diversity Of Races: With Particular Reference To Their Respective Influences In The Civil And Political History Of Mankind. Kessinger Publishing, LLC, 2007.
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Arthur, Gobineau. The Moral And Intellectual Diversity Of Races: With Particular Reference To Their Respective Influences In The Civil And Political History Of Mankind. Kessinger Publishing, LLC, 2006.
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Newton, Peter W., ed. Transitions. CSIRO Publishing, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/9780643097995.
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Formidable challenges confront Australia and its human settlements: the mega-metro regions, major and provincial cities, coastal, rural and remote towns. The key drivers of change and major urban vulnerabilities have been identified and principal among them are resource-constraints, such as oil, water, food, skilled labour and materials, and carbon-constraints, linked to climate change and a need to transition to renewable energy, both of which will strongly shape urban development this century.
Transitions identifies 21st century challenges to the resilience of Australia’s cities and regions that flow from a range of global and local influences, and offers a portfolio of solutions to these critical problems and vulnerabilities. The solutions will require fundamental transitions in many instances: to our urban infrastructures, to our institutions and how they plan for the future, and perhaps most of all to ourselves in terms of our lifestyles and consumption patterns.
With contributions from 92 researchers - all leaders in their respective fields - this book offers the expertise to chart pathways for a sustainability transition.
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Baetens, Roland. Sailors in the Southern Netherlands and Belgium (16th-19th Centuries). Liverpool University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.5949/liverpool/9780968128831.003.0014.
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This chapter explores the lives and social status of seamen in the Southern Netherlands and Belgium, and provides insight on the respective country’s labour market. It sheds light on the sailor recruitment process; influence of the industrial revolution on maritime growth; the government’s attitude toward maritime affairs; size of merchant fleets and the navy; working conditions; wages; and opportunities for promotion.
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Fuchsel, Catherine. Yes I Can, (Sí, Yo Puedo). Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190672829.001.0001.
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The Sí, Yo Puedo (SYP) program manual/book is a culturally specific 11-week curriculum designed to provide education on domestic violence, promote self-esteem, prevent domestic violence, help participants understand healthy relationships within a cultural framework, and empower immigrant Latina women to access resources and support systems in their respective communities. The step-by-step and structured SYP program manual/book is intended for bilingual Spanish-English speaking licensed graduate mental health professionals who work with immigrant Latina women or Latina women in general across the United States and around the world in direct practice settings and who want to offer psycho-educational groups. Each week, immigrant Latina women meet for two hours in a group format setting.The SYP curriculum is divided into three parts: Part I: Awareness of Self, Part II: Knowledge of Relationships within Culture, and Part III: Impact of Factors on Relationships. The mental health professional (i.e., group facilitator) teaches and facilitates large-group discussion among group members on the following topics: (a) Introductions and Who Am I?; (b) Coping Strategies; (c) Self-Esteem; (d) Influences of Past Trauma; (e) Dating; (f) Cultural Concepts: Machismo, Familism, and Marianismo; (g) Healthy Relationships; (h) Domestic Violence; (i) Factors Influencing Relationships or Sexual Abuse; (j) Talking to Children; and (k) Resources and Graduation. Through group discussion and instruction, in-class drawing and writing self-reflection exercises, and peer support, immigrant Latina women are empowered to examine their identity, self-esteem, and current relationships and to potentially make changes in their lives.
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Bonakele, Tembinkosi, Eleanor M. Fox, and Liberty Mncube. Introduction. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198810674.003.0001.
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This book presents a new stage in the contributions of the BRICS countries to the development of Competition Law and policy. The BRICS countries are Brazil, Russia, India, China, and South Africa. These five countries, located on three continents, have significant influence in their respective regions and in the world. The changing global environment means greater political and economic role for the BRICS and other emerging countries. BRICS countries are expected to contribute nearly half of all global gross domestic product growth by 2020....
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Fischer, Manuel. Institutions and Policy Networks in Europe. Edited by Jennifer Nicoll Victor, Alexander H. Montgomery, and Mark Lubell. Oxford University Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780190228217.013.36.
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This chapter reviews the European literature on institutions and policy networks. Institutions provide actors with opportunities and constraints for negotiation and cooperation and thus influence the structure of policy networks. The chapter first presents studies on the influence of country- and sector-level institutions on the structure of policy networks. The respective literature deals with the influence of consensual democracy versus majoritarian democracy, corporatist systems of interest intermediation, multiple levels of governance, degrees of European Union integration, processes of liberalization and democratization, and policy-process-specific venues on policy networks. The chapter then discusses the positions and roles of state actors in policy networks. Due to their formal decision-making power, state actors are either networking targets or play a key role in terms of network integration, brokerage, or network management. The review concludes with a short discussion of commonalities and directions for future research.
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Webb, Eric Russell. Pidgins and Creoles. Edited by Robert Bayley, Richard Cameron, and Ceil Lucas. Oxford University Press, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199744084.013.0015.
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Pidgin and creole languages are found throughout the world, with relatively greater concentrations in the Caribbean basin, the Indian Ocean, the coast of Western and Central Africa, and Oceania. In most literature, pidgins and creoles are grouped according to respective lexifiers, from which the bulk of their vocabulary derives. Emerging in contact environments, pidgins and creoles have been profoundly influenced by sociolinguistic forces and offer compelling evidence of the extent to which extra-grammatical factors contribute to the shape of language. This chapter pursues two questions. What is the interest of these languages to contemporary sociolinguistics? And how can the adoption of a sociolinguistic posture better address the distinction of creole from non-creole?
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Dalton, Russell J. Elites, Issues, and Political Cleavages. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198830986.003.0005.
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Political parties define the supply of policy choices for voters. This chapter uses the three Candidates to the European Parliament (CEP) studies to determine the political views of elites and thereby the policy positions of their respective parties. As for European citizens, CEPs’ issue opinions are structured by a two-dimensional space defined by the economic and cultural cleavages. The analyses also show that many of the demographic forces, such as social class or religious background, which reshaped public opinion, also influence the views of party elites on both cleavage dimensions. The chapter maps the distribution of national party elites on both cleavages. The analyses are based on CEP studies in 1979, 1994, and 2009.
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Müller, Wolfgang C., and Paul W. Thurner, eds. Understanding Policy Reversals and Policy Stability. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198747031.003.0002.
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This chapter discusses structural, institutional, and situational factors that exercise influence on nuclear energy policy decisions. It reviews the respective literatures and introduces the dependent variable, i.e. nuclear energy policy reversals. Building in particular on the work of Kitschelt (1986) and Midttun and Rucht (1994), the chapter then discusses the explanatory variables that potentially drive such changes: anti-nuclear movements, public opinion, the systems’ electoral and federal openness, political parties’ vote-seeking, principled ideological goals, or office-seeking, new policy challenges in terms of energy policy and climate change concerns, nuclear accidents, and path dependence due to the countries investment in nuclear energy. Hypotheses are formulated for how these factors impact nuclear energy policy-making.
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Steiger, Axel. Sleep in endocrine disorders. Edited by Sudhansu Chokroverty, Luigi Ferini-Strambi, and Christopher Kennard. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199682003.003.0044.
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Related to bidirectional interaction between electrophysiological and endocrine activity during sleep, which are assessed by sleep electroencephalography (EEG) and hormone profiles, respectively, sleep changes occur frequently in endocrine disorders. In most of these disorders, sleep is impaired. Only in patients with prolactinoma is slow-wave sleep elevated. This chapter summarizes the current knowledge on sleep in disorders of the hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenocortical (HPA) and hypothalamic–pituitary–somatotropic (HPS) systems, in hypo- and hyperthyroidism, in diabetes mellitus, in prolactinoma, in disorders related to gonadal hormones, and with regard to disturbed endocrine rhythms related to environmental influences.
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Instituto Español de Estudios Estratégicos. Seminario de "Zonas Estratégicas de Interés.", ed. Influencia de las economías de los países mediterráneos del norte de Africa en sus respectivas políticas de defensa: Estudios de investigación. [España]: Centro Superior de Estudios de la Defensa Nacional, Instituto Español de Estudios Estratégicos, 1991.
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Pourjavady, Reza. Jalāl al-Dīn al-Dawānī (d. 908/1502), Glosses on ʿAlāʾ al-Dīn al-Qūshjī’s Commentary on Naṣīr al-Dīn al-Ṭūsī’s. Edited by Khaled El-Rouayheb and Sabine Schmidtke. Oxford University Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199917389.013.21.
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Jalāl al-Dīn al-Dawānī (d. 908/1502), a distinguished scholar of Shiraz in the late fifteenth century, composed many works in logic, theology, philosophy, and ethics. Moreover, he had several written and oral disputes with another outstanding scholar of Shiraz, Ṣadr al-Dīn al-Dashtakī (d. 903/1498). These heated debates, which stretched over a period of more than two decades, significantly influenced Dawānī’s and his intellectual competitor’s thought. It also became widely disputed for centuries throughout the Islamic world—in Iran, the Ottoman lands, central Asia, and the Indian subcontinent. The controversy between Dawānī and Dashtakī animates a number of their respective writings, especially their glosses on ʿAlāʾ al-Dīn al-Qūshjī’s commentary on Naṣīr al-Dīn al-Ṭūsī’s Tajrīd al-iʿtiqād. This chapter focuses on major metaphysical disputes presented in these glosses.
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Eaton, Peter. Relations between the Churches of the Anglican Communion and the Churches of Eastern Christianity. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780199643011.003.0014.
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In this chapter the author discusses the Anglican Communion and the Churches of the Christian East which have had a long and significant relationship both at an official level of international dialogue and at a more local level between clergy, laity, and congregations. This series of relationships has resulted in both practical assistance as well as deep theological and spiritual influence. The twentieth century saw a remarkable rapprochement between Anglicanism and Orthodoxy that left both communions changed, and this chapter outlines these general trends and focuses on two important episodes that show the depth that these relations attained. In spite of more recent developments and distance, the picture that emerges here supports the view that relations between Anglicanism and Byzantine and Oriental Orthodox communities have been formative for the respective traditions.
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Kirwan, Jon. 1960s. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198819226.003.0009.
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This chapter chronicles the spread and internationalization of the thought of the nouveaux théologiens and the triumph of ressourcement thought during the conciliar years of the 1960s. The discussion of this internationalization of French Left Catholic thought begins with the particular influence it had on Angelo Giuseppe Roncalli and Giovanni Battista Montini, the future Popes Paul VI and John XXIII, respectively, who guided the Church through Vatican II, the former convening it and the latter bringing it to conclusion. Other key ecclesiastical reformers such as Marcel Lefebvre and Louis Bouyer are examined as well in respect to the influence of French thought on their development. Finally, the turmoil after the Council is discussed and in particular the very different reactions the nouveaux théologiens had to the progressive years that characterized the post-Conciliar era.
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Reich, Arie, and Hans-W. Micklitz, eds. The Impact of the European Court of Justice on Neighbouring Countries. Oxford University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198855934.001.0001.
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This book explores the impact of the judgments of the Court of Justice of the European Union (CJEU) outside the borders of the EU on the legal systems of countries in the European neighbourhood. Considering that ‘export’ of some of the acquis communautaire to neighbouring countries appears to be an EU policy objective, and that legal approximation provisions are included in all of the EU’s agreements with these countries, one must ask whether this objective applies also to EU case law, or only to written laws and regulations. If actual harmonization of rules and standards is desired, the rules must be interpreted and implemented similarly to how this is done in the EU. And where CJEU judgments are cited and followed in neighbouring countries, what are the factors bringing about such influence? Is it a result of these international obligations of legal approximation, or are other, more unilateral and spontaneous modes of influence of CJEU judgments at work, such as territorial extension or the ‘Brussels Effect’? We have brought together scholars from the countries involved who have each explored, documented, and analysed the extent of citing of CJEU judgments in their respective country and assessed what influence such judgments have had on their legal systems. The contributions cover the legal systems of Armenia, Azerbaijan, Georgia, Israel, Jordan, Russia, Switzerland, Tunisia, Turkey, and Ukraine, and also the Eurasian Economic Union. There are also chapters on the modes of external influence of the CJEU, and on how the CJEU uses external sources.
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Schaafsma, Polly. North America—Southwest. Edited by Timothy Insoll. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199675616.013.016.
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This broad overview considers the long discontinuous and diverse history of anthropomorphic figurine production in the ancient American Southwest. While the primary focus is on the Hohokam, Fremont, and Ancestral Pueblos, other cultural contexts are considered. Numerous figurine styles are described, as are close stylistic relationships between certain figurine traditions and rock art. Stylistic trends in the graphic rock art may have influenced the aesthetics of figurine production and vice versa. Discarded in refuse mounds, cached in association with burials and cremations or in crypts within architectural confines, figurines and their roles were diverse between cultures and changed through time. Regarded as active agents within their respective cultural frameworks, the chapter proposes that they functioned as social mediators, promoted fertility, increase, and community well-being, and as they served as conduits to the ancestors and cosmological entities.
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Roberto, Echandi. Part I Investment Treaties and the Settlement of Investment Disputes: The Framework, 1 Bilateral Investment Treaties and Investment Provisions in Preferential Trade Agreements: Recent Developments in Investment Rule-making. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/law/9780198758082.003.0001.
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This chapter argues that investment disputes, particularly those that have arisen in the context of the implementation of NAFTA, have influenced the refinement of the provisions of new generation international investment agreements (IIAs) as well as the inclusion of a series of procedural and substantive innovations. It addresses the main distinction between BITs and investment chapters in preferential trade agreements (PTAs), focusing on the evolution of their respective rationales. It looks at the main features of the new generation of IIAs and explains how such features respond to challenges derived from the interpretation of substantive and procedural provisions included in previous agreements. The discussion is organized under two themes: (i) moving from the original exclusive focus on investment protection towards also promoting liberalization of investment flows; and (ii) the impact of investor-state dispute settlement on investment rule-making.
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Eikelboom, Lexi. Rhythms of Creation. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198828839.003.0007.
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This chapter begins the more constructive program of articulating doctrine from the perspective of rhythm using both synchronic and diachronic perspectives. In this chapter on creation, the synchronic analysis argues for rhythm as the fundamental, theologically significant form of creation through an analysis of Genesis 1 and its exegesis by various Church Fathers, including Augustine. The diachronic, intra-creaturely analysis argues for the influence of cultural rhythms on metaphysical accounts of creation by demonstrating a confluence between the rhythms of the respective cultural contexts of Augustine and Catherine Keller with the ways in which each thinker conceptualizes the metaphysical function of rhythm. Metaphysical descriptions of rhythm are therefore better understood as indices of the nature of the encounter between God and creation at particular times and places than as descriptions of an enduring form of reality.
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Henning, C. Randall. Greece, the Crisis Continues. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198801801.003.0011.
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Rather than emerge from its second program cleanly, as did other countries from their respective programs, Greece required a third program when Syriza assumed control of government in early 2015. The program was negotiated against the backdrop of a tumultuous series of events—European Council and Eurogroup meetings, a referendum, and a second election—during which Greece was threatened with ejection from the monetary union, “Grexit.” Creditor states successfully insisted that the new government negotiate with the institutions and wanted the International Monetary Fund fully involved. The IMF, however, insisted on the restructuring of debt to official creditors and withheld any financial contribution until satisfied. The case demonstrates the consistency of European demand for IMF involvement, importance of Germany and other key creditor states in mediating institutional conflict, and opportunities afforded to the mediators to influence outcomes.
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Mayes, Catherine. Turkish and Hungarian-Gypsy Styles. Edited by Danuta Mirka. Oxford University Press, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199841578.013.009.
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Turks and Hungarians were regarded as un(der)civilized and exotic Others by western Europeans in the late eighteenth century, and their musics were largely represented through very similar stylistic means. This chapter explores how Turkish and Hungarian-Gypsy topics nonetheless carried different cultural associations, namely to military Janissary music and toverbunkosdance music, respectively. These associations determined the genres (solo, chamber, orchestral; private vs. public) in which each style was evoked as well as the syntactical positioning ofalla turca,all’ongarese, andalla zingareserepresentations within multimovement works. Beyond their compositional implications, the meanings of these styles may also have influenced performance practice.
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Corkum, Phil. Ontological Dependence and Grounding in Aristotle. Oxford University Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199935314.013.31.
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The relation of ontological dependence or grounding, expressed by the terminology of separation and priority in substance, plays a central role in Aristotle’sCategories, Metaphysics, De Animaand elsewhere. The article discusses three current interpretations of this terminology. These are drawn along the lines of, respectively, modal-existential ontological dependence, essential ontological dependence, and grounding or metaphysical explanation. I provide an opinionated introduction to the topic, raising the main interpretative questions, laying out a few of the exegetical and philosophical options that influence one’s reading, and locating questions of Aristotle scholarship within the discussion of ontological dependence and grounding in contemporary metaphysics.
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Larson, Deborah Welch, and Alexei Shevchenko. Quest for Status. Yale University Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.12987/yale/9780300236040.001.0001.
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This book argues that the desire for world status plays a key role in shaping the foreign policies of China and Russia. Applying social identity theory—the idea that individuals derive part of their identity from larger communities—to nations, the book contends that China and Russia have used various modes of emulation, competition, and creativity to gain recognition from other countries, and thus validate their respective identities. To make this argument, the book analyzes numerous cases, including Catherine the Great's attempts to westernize Russia, China's identity crises in the nineteenth century, and both countries' responses to the end of the Cold War. The book employs a multifaceted method of measuring status, factoring in influence and inclusion in multinational organizations, military clout, and cultural sway, among other considerations. Combined with historical precedent, this socio-psychological approach helps explain current trends in Russian and Chinese foreign policy.
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Egeberg, Morten, and Jarle Trondal. Political Steering and Bureaucratic Autonomy. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198825074.003.0006.
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This chapter draws attention to the effects of vertical specialization of organizations and how it affects public governance. The chapter documents that agency officials pay significantly less attention to signals from executive politicians than their counterparts within ministerial (cabinet-level) departments. This finding also holds when controlling for variation in tasks, the political salience of issue areas, and officials’ rank. In addition, it is documented that the greater the organizational capacity available within the respective ministerial departments, the more agency personnel tend to assign weight to signals from the political leadership. Expert concerns are strongly emphasized at both levels; however, agency personnel are more sensitive to the influence of affected parties. The chapter applies large-N questionnaire data at four points in time (1986, 1996, 2006, and 2016) that spans three decades and shifting administrative doctrines: New Public Management as well as post-New Public Management.
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Simon, Morris. 7 Rules and Principles. Oxford University Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/law/9780199688753.003.0007.
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This chapter examines the structure and interpretation of the principles and rules made by the Financial Conduct Authority (FCA) and the Prudential Regulation Authority (PRA) that govern the operation of persons subject to the UK system of financial regulation. The respective powers of the FCA and PRA to make rules applying to authorised persons are assessed. The main rules, and their application to FCA- and PRA-authorised persons, are displayed in a table. Consideration is given to the influence of EU legislation on UK conduct of business rules. Guidance is provided on how to interpret a rule, and the possible consequences of breach of a rule. The regulators’ power to waive or modify a rule following the application of an authorised person, and the scope of the FCA’s option to give guidance regarding rules, are also discussed. Finally, the FCA’s principles for business and the PRA’s fundamental rules are assessed.
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Carl, Andrea-Hilla, Stefanie Kunze, Yasmin Olteanu, Özlem Yildiz, and Aysel Yollu-Tok, eds. Geschlechterverhältnisse im Kontext von Unternehmen und Gesellschaft. Nomos Verlagsgesellschaft mbH & Co. KG, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.5771/9783748907077.
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Claudia Gather, feminist, researcher, networker, mentor, professor and tireless political influencer, has left a lasting impression in recent decades through her work, thinking and actions, not only on the field of gender studies in terms of research, teaching and practice but also on those people she has supported carefully and without question over the years. This is reason enough to dedicate an anniversary publication which honours her academic life work to her. This anniversary publication assembles articles on the topics of work, entrepreneurship, power and sustainability contributed by her long-time friends and colleagues. All of them critically discuss pathways for more gender equality and pluralism in academia and society in each respective context. With contributions by Philipp Kenel; Irem Güney-Frahm; Tanja Fendel, Özlem Yildiz; Tanja Schmidt; Stefanie Kunze, Mirko Bendig; Yasmin Olteanu; Lena Schürmann; Ulrike Marx, Albrecht Becker; Bouchra Achoumrar; Thomas Afflerbach, Katharina Gläsener; Anna Kasten, Kerstin Raule; Katharina Gapp-Schmeling, Anneli Heinrich; Anna Brüning-Pfeiffer; Sabine Hark, Friederike Maier.
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Freer, Courtney. Rentier Islamism. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190861995.001.0001.
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This book, using contemporary history and original empirical research, updates traditional rentier state theory, which largely fails to account for the existence of Islamist movements, by demonstrating the political capital held by Muslim Brotherhood affiliates in Kuwait, Qatar, and the United Arab Emirates (UAE). While rentier state theory predicts that citizens of such states will form opposition blocs only when their stake in rent income is threatened, this book demonstrates that ideology, rather than rent, has motivated the formation of independent Islamist movements in the wealthiest states of the region. It argues for this thesis by chronicling the history of the Brotherhood in Kuwait, Qatar, and the UAE, and showing how the organization adapted to the changing (and often adverse) political environs of those respective countries to remain a popular and influential force for social, educational, and political change in the region. The presence of oil rents, then, far from rendering Islamist complaint politically irrelevant, shapes the ways in which Islamist movements seek to influence government policies.
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Waddington, Lisa, and Anna Lawson, eds. The UN Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities in Practice. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198786627.001.0001.
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The UN Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities (CRPD) has been in force for nearly a decade. This book examines how the Convention has been given effect and interpreted in thirteen different jurisdictions. It has two main interconnected aims. The first is to investigate and compare the way in which the CRPD has been interpreted and applied by courts in different jurisdictions. The second is to investigate and deepen understanding of the CRPD’s influence at the domestic level. The first of these aims situates this study within the emerging field of comparative international law—to which it offers the first major contribution addressing an international human rights treaty other than the UN Convention on the Elimination of all Forms of Discrimination Against Women (CEDAW). The second situates it within the field of disability law—to which it offers the first sustained analysis of how the CRPD influences domestic court judgments. Besides the thirteen jurisdiction-specific chapters (written by experts in both the CRPD and the particular jurisdiction in question), comparative analysis is provided in four chapters—addressing respectively the interpretation of CRPD provisions by domestic courts; the legal status of the CRPD in domestic law and its relevance to domestic case law; the uses made of the CRPD by domestic courts; and the judiciary’s role and perception of its relationship with the CRPD. The book also includes reflections on the implications of this study, and previous comparative international law studies of CEDAW, for human rights theory.
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Diagne, Souleymane Bachir, and John E. Drabinski. Postcolonial Bergson. Translated by Lindsay Turner. Fordham University Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.5422/fordham/9780823285839.001.0001.
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Henri Bergson has been the subject of keen interest within French philosophy ever since being championed by Gilles Deleuze and others. Yet his influence extends well beyond European philosophy, especially within Africa and South Asia. Postcolonial Bergson traces the influence of Bergson’s thought through the work of two major figures in the postcolonial struggle, Muhammad Iqbal and Léopold Sédar Senghor. Poets and statesmen as well as philosophers, both of these thinkers—the one Muslim and the other Catholic—played an essential political and intellectual role in the independence of their respective countries. Both found, in Bergson’s work, important support for their philosophical, cultural, and political projects. For Iqbal, a founding father of independent Pakistan, Bergson’s conceptions of time and creative evolution resonated with the need for the “reconstruction of religious thought in Islam,” a religious thought newly able to incorporate innovation and change. For Senghor, Bergsonian ideas of perception, intuition, and élan vital—filtered in part through the work of the French philosopher Pierre Teilhard de Chardin—proved crucial for thinking about African art, as well as foundational for his formulations of African socialism and his visions of an unalienated African future. At a moment of renewed interest in Bergson’s philosophy, this book, by a major figure in both French and African philosophy, gives an expanded idea of the political ramifications of Bergson’s thought in a postcolonial context.
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Irving, John. Performing Topics in Mozart’s Chamber Music with Piano. Edited by Danuta Mirka. Oxford University Press, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199841578.013.0021.
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This chapter discusses ways in which an awareness of topics might influence performance behaviors. It contrasts topics as understood respectively by Aristotle (abstract concepts) and Vico (potential for action). Through case studies taken from Mozart’s chamber music with piano (specifically in a “period-instrument” context), it investigates subtle interactions between different dance topics (sarabande, gavotte, bourrée), which emerge only through careful consideration of notational features such as beat hierarchy and other aspects of historically informed performance practice hinted at in the notation. Awareness of these interactions, and recognition of their invitations to engage in certain performance gestures, offers the potential to create performance narratives that counterpoint the formal design mapped out in the notated score.
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Fortescue, Michael. Polysynthesis in the Arctic/Sub-Arctic. Edited by Michael Fortescue, Marianne Mithun, and Nicholas Evans. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199683208.013.15.
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The North American and north-eastern Siberian Arctic and Sub-Arctic contain a large contiguous area of highly polysynthetic languages belonging to three language families, Eskimo-Aleut, Chukotko-Kamchatkan, and Na-Dene. These contain some of the most extreme and yet diverse polysynthetic languages in the world; between them they cover three of the main sub-types of polysynthesis, respectively the suffixing-only, the noun-incorporating, and the templatic type. There has been contact influence between all three (especially between Eskimo and Chukotian), but they do not form a canonical language area as regards the diffusion of polysynthesis. The polysynthetic profile of the principal languages concerned is sketched, as well as those of somewhat less highly polysynthetic Aleut, Itelmen, and Tlingit.
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Sharp, Richard. ‘The Communion of the Primitive Church’? High Churchmen in England c.1710–1760. Edited by Stewart J. Brown, Peter Nockles, and James Pereiro. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199580187.013.2.
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Numbers 74, 76, 78, and 81, respectively, of the Tracts for the Times, considered apostolic succession, baptismal regeneration, the Vincentian canon,and eucharistic sacrifice. The Tracts’ extensive catenae, from seventeenth- and eighteenth-century authorities, reflected an enduring High Church preoccupation with following ‘the old paths’ (Jeremiah 6:16), most notably of the ante-Nicene ‘Primitive Church’. Based upon deep patristic learning and antiquarian scholarship, such interest found influential expression through doctrine, liturgy, devotional observance, and in attitudes to Church discipline and order. This chapter analyses early eighteenth-century High Churchmanship in both its political and theological aspects, conforming and Nonjuring. It shows how this High Churchmanship served as a precursor of, influence on, and treasure store for the Oxford Movement.
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Sommerstein, Alan H. Hesiod and Tragedy. Edited by Alexander C. Loney and Stephen Scully. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780190209032.013.19.
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The only Hesiodic myths taken up by the Greek tragic dramatists are the related stories of Prometheus and the first woman (Pandora); these were exploited in satyr-dramas by Aeschylus and Sophocles, respectively. More important are the tragedies Prometheus Bound and Prometheus Unbound, attributed to Aeschylus (but probably in fact by another hand, perhaps his son Euphorion), in which the tale of Prometheus’s punishment is combined with several other myths into a new story of a god who becomes the savior both of the human race (twice) and of Zeus (also twice), and who endures terrible suffering before finally gaining honor from Zeus and humans. Hesiod’s ideas also had a profound influence on Aeschylus, traceable especially in the Oresteia and in the unidentified “Dike play” known from papyrus fragments.
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Özbal, Rana. The Chalcolithic of Southeast Anatolia. Edited by Gregory McMahon and Sharon Steadman. Oxford University Press, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780195376142.013.0008.
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This article presents an overview of both local and Mesopotamian-influenced styles and traditions in the Chalcolithic of southeast Anatolia, focusing on general characteristics and a few key settlements. The discussion of the Chalcolithic is chronologically divided into millennia, based on calibrated dates. The sixth, fifth, and fourth millennia BCE, respectively, roughly refer to the Early, Middle, and Late Chalcolithic, in which Halaf-, Ubaid-, and Uruk-type materials are correspondingly prevalent. Overall, the Chalcolithic of Anatolia has come a long way from the “dark age” that it was labeled three decades ago. In particular, the Upper Euphrates Valley in southeast Anatolia has been intensively researched since the late 1970s as surveys and excavations have focused on regions affected by dam lakes, and as many Mesopotamian archaeologists have set up research projects in Turkey following the Gulf Wars.
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Courpasson, David. Management as a Practice of Power. Edited by Adrian Wilkinson, Steven J. Armstrong, and Michael Lounsbury. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780198708612.013.20.
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This chapter emphasizes the centrality of power to management and organization. Management is a practice of power, framing management as a form of government whereby the conduct of individuals can be influenced and people can create arrangements permitting the distribution of work and responsibilities. It is also a capacity to construct infrastructures of power within which people can accomplish their tasks. Moreover, it is a practice of debate and deliberation around the means, ends and meanings of the workplace. On this basis, the chapter strives to highlight and illustrate the interrelations between management as power and some historical infrastructures within which power is concretely exercised. More specifically, it addresses the fundamental tension between centres and peripheries, suggesting that managing power is mostly about regulating the balance between the autonomy of local actors and the necessities of respecting central rules of operation.
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Burke, David, and James Howells. The motor unit. Oxford University Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199688395.003.0002.
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The motor unit represent the final output of the motor system. Each consists of a motoneuron, its axon, neuromuscular junctions, and muscle fibres innervated by that axon. The discharge of a motor unit can be followed by recording its electromyographic signature, the motor unit action potential. Motoneurons are not passive responders to the excitatory and inhibitory influences on them from descending and segmental sources. Their properties can change, e.g. due to descending monoaminergic pathways, which can alter their responses to other inputs (changing ‘reflex gain’). Contraction strength depends on the number of active motor units, their discharge rate, and whether the innervated muscle fibres are slow-twitch producing low force, but resistant to fatigue, fast-twitch producing more force, but susceptible to fatigue, or intermediate fast-twitch fatigue-resistant. These properties are imposed by the parent motoneurons, and the innervated muscle fibres have different histochemical profiles (oxidative, glycolytic, or oxidative-glycolytic, respectively).
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Miu, Andrei C., Judith R. Homberg, and Klaus-Peter Lesch, eds. Genes, brain, and emotions. Oxford University Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198793014.001.0001.
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With the advent of methods from behavioral genetics, molecular biology, and cognitive neuroscience, affective science has recently started to approach genetic influences on emotion, and the underlying intermediate neural mechanisms through which genes and experience shape emotion. The aim of this volume is to offer a comprehensive account of current research in the genetics of emotion, written by leading researchers, with extensive sections focused on methods, intermediate phenotypes, and clinical and translational work. Major methodological approaches are reviewed in the first section, including the two traditional “workhorses” in the field, twin studies and gene–environment interaction studies, and the more recently developed epigenetic modification assays, genome-wide association studies, and optogenetic methods. Parts 2 and 3 focus on a variety of psychological (e.g. fear conditioning, emotional action control, emotion regulation, emotional memory, decision-making) and biological (e.g. neural activity assessed using functional neuroimaging, electroencephalography, and psychophysiological methods; telomere length) mechanisms, respectively, that may be viewed as intermediate phenotypes in the pathways between genes and emotional experience. Part 4 concentrates on the genetics of emotional dysregulation in neuropsychiatric disorders (e.g. post-traumatic stress disorder, eating disorders, obsessive–compulsive disorder, Tourette’s syndrome), including factors contributing to the risk and persistence of these disorders (e.g. child maltreatment, personality, emotional resilience, impulsivity). In addition, two chapters in Part 4 review genetic influences on the response to psychotherapy (i.e. therapygenetics) and pharmacological interventions (i.e. pharmacogenetics) in anxiety and affective disorders.
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Forlenza, Rosario. Between East and West. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198817444.003.0005.
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This chapter deals with the growing influence of both Soviet and domestic Communism on the evolution of democracy and the political transformation of Italy. It inserts the political and existential choices of the fledgling democratic society into the overarching context of the time, which was the incipient Cold War. Italy was a microcosm of this global context, because the most important political forces, the Catholics and the Communists, operated with the myth of freedom/America and the myth of the Soviet Union respectively. Yet the struggle was not exclusively pervaded and marked by contrast, fear, and opposition. Party political opponents had fought together in the anti-fascist Resistance and had collaborated in the organization of the democratic institutional arrangement and in the writing of the republican Constitution. The apparently ideological struggle between Catholics and communists was in reality a search for order and meaning between two contested sovereignties.
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Kornell, Nate, and Bridgid Finn. Self-Regulated Learning. Edited by John Dunlosky and Sarah (Uma) K. Tauber. Oxford University Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199336746.013.23.
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Effective self-regulated studying can influence students’ learning in school and beyond. This chapter reviews research on two key decisions: when to study and how to study. It first reviews the decisions people make about when to start and stop studying—that is, when to study—and the metacognitive judgments that underlie those decisions. It distinguishes between small-scale and large-scale decisions, such as which problem to work on next and whether to study today at all, respectively. It then discusses decisions about how to study, for example, whether or not to take notes, underline, test oneself, or reread. It then discusses key areas for future research, with an emphasis on student-centric research and research in digital learning environments. It offers practical recommendations for studiers about how to avoid overconfidence and procrastination and how to choose study strategies that increase short-term difficulty and long term success.
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Cargill, Robert R. Melchizedek, King of Sodom. Oxford University Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190946968.001.0001.
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This book argues that the biblical figure Melchizedek mentioned in Gen. 14 as the king of Shalem originally appeared in the text as the king of Sodom. Textual evidence is presented to demonstrate that the word סדם (Sodom) was changed to שׁלם (Shalem) in order to avoid depicting the patriarch Abram as receiving a blessing and goods from the king of Sodom, whose city was soon thereafter destroyed for its sinfulness according to the biblical tradition. This change from Sodom to Shalem caused a disjointed narrative in Gen. 14:18–20, which many scholars have wrongly attributed to a later interpolation. This book also provides textual evidence of minor, strategic redactional changes to the Hebrew Bible and the Samaritan Pentateuch that demonstrate the evolving, polemical, sectarian discourse between Jews and Samaritans as they were competing for the superiority of their respective temples and holy mountains. These minor strategic changes to the HB were used as the ideological motivation in the Second Temple Jewish literary tradition for the relocation of Shalem away from the Samaritan religious center at Mt. Gerizim to the Levitical priestly center in Jerusalem. This book also examines how the possible reference to Melchizedek in Ps. 110 may have influenced later Judaism’s understanding of Melchizedek.
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Haider-Markel, Donald P., ed. The Oxford Handbook of State and Local Government. Oxford University Press, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199579679.001.0001.
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The Oxford Handbook of State and Local Government is a historic undertaking. It contains a wide range of essays that define the important questions in the field, critically evaluate where we are in answering them, and set the direction and terms of discourse for future work. The Handbook will have a substantial influence in defining the field for years to come. The chapters critically assess both the major contributions to the state and local politics literature and the ways in which the subfield has developed. Each of the chapters represents the author(s) point of view and outlines an agenda for future research. The Oxford Handbooks of American Politics are a set of reference books offering authoritative and engaging critical overviews of the state of scholarship on American politics. Each volume focuses on a particular aspect of the field. The project is under the General Editorship of George C. Edwards III, and distinguished specialists in their respective fields edit each volume. The Handbooks aim not just to report on the discipline, but also to shape it as scholars critically assess the scholarship on a topic and propose directions in which it needs to move. The series is an indispensable reference for anyone working in American politics.
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Welsh, Mary Sue. A Silent Exit. University of Illinois Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.5406/illinois/9780252037368.003.0013.
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This chapter describes Stoki's All-American Youth Orchestra. As the war began to overtake Europe in 1939, and German and Italian influence threatened to take hold in South America, the Berlin Philharmonic Orchestra and performers from La Scala made tours through South America, winning friends for their respective countries. Alarmed, the Roosevelt administration wanted to counter those successes by sending U.S. cultural emissaries to Latin America. However, little government money was available to finance such projects. Stokowski stepped up to offer one solution to the dilemma. What better way to challenge the cultural impact that the Berlin Philharmonic and La Scala made on South America and counter the propaganda then circulating about the Hitler Youth Movement than by forming an orchestra of fresh-faced and highly talented young Americans as goodwill emissaries? To do this, he proposed to form an orchestra of young people from all over the United States. It would forge cultural ties with South Americans through the universal language of music and the charm of youth. Stoki also chose thirteen players from the Philadelphia Orchestra and set them strategically within his new ensemble to provide a backbone of expertise for the final product so that it could be brought together quickly. One of them was harpist Edna Phillips.
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Rosemblatt, Karin Alejandra. Science and Politics of Race in Mexico and the United States, 1910-1950. University of North Carolina Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.5149/northcarolina/9781469636405.001.0001.
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In this history of the social and human sciences in Mexico and the United States, Karin Alejandra Rosemblatt reveals intricate connections among the development of science, the concept of race, and policies toward indigenous peoples. Focusing on the anthropologists, sociologists, biologists, physicians, and other experts who collaborated across borders from the Mexican Revolution through World War II, Rosemblatt traces how intellectuals on both sides of the Rio Grande forged shared networks in which they discussed indigenous peoples and other ethnic minorities. In doing so, Rosemblatt argues, they refashioned race as a scientific category and consolidated their influence within their respective national policy circles. Postrevolutionary Mexican experts aimed to transform their country into a modern secular state with a dynamic economy, and central to this endeavor was learning how to “manage” racial difference and social welfare. The same concern animated U.S. New Deal policies toward Native Americans. The scientists’ border-crossing conceptions of modernity, race, evolution, and pluralism were not simple one-way impositions or appropriations, and they had significant effects. In the United States, the resulting approaches to the management of Native American affairs later shaped policies toward immigrants and black Americans, while in Mexico, officials rejected policy prescriptions they associated with U.S. intellectual imperialism and racial segregation.
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Gustafsson, Tommy, and Pietari Kääpä, eds. Nordic Genre Film. Edinburgh University Press, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.3366/edinburgh/9780748693184.001.0001.
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Nordic Genre Film offers a transnational approach to studying contemporary genre production in Nordic cinema. It discusses a range of internationally renowned examples, from Nordic noir such as the television show The Bridge and films like Insomnia (1997) to high concept ‘video generation’ productions such as Iron Sky (2012). Yet, genre, at least in this context, indicates both a complex strategy for domestic and international competition as well as an analytical means to identify the Nordic film cultures’ relationships to international trends. Conceptualizing Nordic genre film as an industrial and cultural phenomenon, other contributions focus on road movies, the horror film, autobiographical films, the quirky comedy, musicals, historical epics and pornography. These are contextualized by discussion of their place in their respective national film and media histories as well as their influence on other Nordic countries and beyond. By highlighting similarities and differences between the countries, as well as the often diverse production modes of each country, as well as the connections that have historically existed, the book works at the intersections of film and cultural studies and combines industrial perspectives and in depth discussion of specific films, while also offering historical perspectives on each genre as it comes to production, distribution and reception of popular contemporary genre film.
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Burnyeat, M. F. ‘All the World’s a Stage-Painting’: Scenery, Optics, and Greek Epistemology. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198805762.003.0002.
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In the fourth century BCE, Anaxarchus and Monimus compared the world to stage-painting, to express scepticism about sense-perception and the worthlessness of human affairs, respectively. But the comparison traces back to Democritus’ discussion of Anaxagoras’ famous claim, a century earlier, that ‘appearances are a sight of things unseen’. According to Vitruvius, they were influenced by what Agatharchus had written about stage-painting, something that can be assessed properly only by considering the genre of technical treatises and the claims of those who were first to write on a subject. The comparison with phenomenal experience should ultimately be credited to Anaxagoras, though the points that he and Democritus make differ, owing to their different views of how the macroscopic world is related to underlying reality. These texts are thus not about the early history of perspectival painting, but stem from a fifth-century epistemological debate about what, if anything, sense-perception reveals about reality.
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Torres, Albina R., Leonardo F. Fontenelle, Roseli G. Shavitt, Marcelo Q. Hoexter, Christopher Pittenger, and Euripedes C. Miguel. Epidemiology, Comorbidity, and Burden of OCD. Edited by Christopher Pittenger. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780190228163.003.0004.
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This chapter addresses the interrelated topics of OCD epidemiology, comorbidity, and disease burden. Obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) is a frequent condition, especially if subthreshold manifestations are considered. Epidemiological surveys describe current and lifetime prevalence rates of full-blown OCD around 1% and 2.5%, respectively. Subthreshold symptoms occur in up to a third of the general population. Comorbidity is the rule in OCD, which increases the complexity, severity, distress, chronicity, and negative impact of the disorder. Comorbidity may influence the search for, adherence with, and response to treatment. OCD entails significant costs to society, both illness related and care/treatment related. Epidemiological surveys show that only a minority of individuals with OCD are receiving treatment. Recognition and treatment of OCD is often delayed for many years, increasing the morbidity and the burden of sufferers, family members, and society. Increasing public awareness, professional recognition, and access to treatment is an urgent clinical and public health need.
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Onuf, Nicholas Greenwood. Second Interlude. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190879808.003.0009.
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IN 1917, CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY PRESS published a massive, magnificent book called On Growth and Form. It author, D’Arcy Wentworth Thompson, was a Scottish biologist of formidable range and considerable mathematical prowess. Much influenced by Aristotle, whose Historia Animalium he had translated from the Greek (1910), Thompson began his book by contrasting the organic and mechanical metaphors upon which biology and physics are respectively built, then declaring that neither way of thinking can do without the other. “In Aristotle’s parable, the house is there that men may live in it; but it is also there because the builders have laid one stone upon another” (1945, 6; this is the book’s second, much expanded edition published six years before Thompson’s death). The parable applies not just to the two bodies of knowledge, but to whatever can be said to grow “in conformity with physical and mathematical laws.” While Thompson largely confined himself to “the forms of living things, and of the parts of living things” (15), he did not do so exclusively....