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Journal articles on the topic 'Respiration Regulation Sex differences'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 30 January 2023

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1

Salmon, Adam, and Daniel Adekunbi. "CELLULAR RESPIRATION AND RESILIENCE AS A POTENTIAL BIOLOGICAL MECHANISM DRIVING SEX DIFFERENCES IN AGING." Innovation in Aging 6, Supplement_1 (November 1, 2022): 443. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/geroni/igac059.1735.

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Abstract There are substantial differences in the progression of aging between males and females including in progression and prevalence of disease and longevity. Not all can be explained solely by sex-specific endocrine regulation and growing evidence suggests there are basic biological and genetic differences in sex that drive disparity in physiological function. In this study, we describe metabolic differences at the cellular level that both define some of these biological differences as well as provide a potential mechanism for delineating relevant molecular mechanisms of aging. Using HET3

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2

Beikoghli Kalkhoran, Siavash, and Georgios Kararigas. "Oestrogenic Regulation of Mitochondrial Dynamics." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 23, no. 3 (January 20, 2022): 1118. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms23031118.

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Biological sex influences disease development and progression. The steroid hormone 17β-oestradiol (E2), along with its receptors, is expected to play a major role in the manifestation of sex differences. E2 exerts pleiotropic effects in a system-specific manner. Mitochondria are one of the central targets of E2, and their biogenesis and respiration are known to be modulated by E2. More recently, it has become apparent that E2 also regulates mitochondrial fusion–fission dynamics, thereby affecting cellular metabolism. The aim of this article is to discuss the regulatory pathways by which E2 orc

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Lu, Jianyun, Jasmin Sponagel, Jill Jones, Hannah Gass, Elena Nunez, Cheryl Frankfater, Sierra Williams-McLeod, et al. "TMET-13. SEX DIFFERENCES IN GLUCOSE METABOLISM AND MITOCHONDRIAL FUNCTION IN GLIOBLASTOMA IMPLICATE HYPOXIA-INDUCIBLE FACTOR 1 ALPHA (HIF1A) ACTIVITY." Neuro-Oncology 24, Supplement_7 (November 1, 2022): vii264. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/neuonc/noac209.1018.

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Abstract Glioblastoma (GBM) is the most common and aggressive primary brain tumor in adults. It is more prevalent in males and female patients have better survival. Investigating the molecular mechanisms underlying this disparity is imperative for understanding its development and progression as well as developing novel treatment paradigms. Carbohydrate (namely glucose) metabolism is a critical GBM nutrient source for biosynthesis, energetics, and reducing equivalents. Previously, our group discovered that elevated glycolytic activity uniquely predicted the outcomes of male, but not female, lo

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4

Liu, Junyan, Rong Zhang, Xiao Xu, Joshua C. Fowler, Tom E. X. Miller, and Tingfa Dong. "Effect of summer warming on growth, photosynthesis and water status in female and male Populus cathayana: implications for sex-specific drought and heat tolerances." Tree Physiology 40, no. 9 (May 30, 2020): 1178–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/treephys/tpaa069.

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Abstract Effects of climate warming on tree growth and physiology may be driven by direct thermal effects and/or by changes in soil moisture. Dioecious tree species usually show sexual spatial segregation along abiotic gradients; however, few studies have assessed the sex-specific responses to warming in dioecious trees. We investigated the sex-specific responses in growth, photosynthesis, nonstructural carbohydrate (NSC), water-use efficiency and whole-plant hydraulic conductance (KP) of the dioecious tree species Populus cathayana Rehd. under +4 °C elevated temperature with and without suppl

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5

Buchholz, Friedrich, and Reinhard Saborowski. "Metabolic and enzymatic adaptations in northern krill,Meganyctiphanes norvegica, and Antarctic krill,Euphausia superba." Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences 57, S3 (December 1, 2000): 115–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/f00-168.

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The Antarctic krill, Euphausia superba, is restricted to the Antarctic Ocean. The northern krill, Meganyctiphanes norvegica, is extremely widely distributed from the arctic North Atlantic to the warm Mediterranean. Respiration measurements showed no seasonal differences in rates determined in krill from the thermally stable Clyde Sea (Scotland) and the cooler but variable Danish Kattegat. In the warm Ligurian Sea, where temperatures are stable, krill showed higher rates in April than in September, indicating reactions to the short but intensive productive season. Krill can passively benefit fr

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6

Murni Yuliastuti, Christina, Th tatik Pujiastuti, and Sr Lucilla Suparmi, CB. "Perbedaan Tekanan Darah Sebelum dan Sesudah Exercise Intradialysis Pada Pasien Hemodialisis di Unit Hemodialisis Rumah Sakit Panti Rahayu Gunung Kidul." I Care Jurnal Keperawatan STIKes Panti Rapih 2, no. 2 (October 8, 2021): 156–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.46668/jurkes.v2i2.194.

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ABSTRACT Background: Hemodialysis defines as a process of cleaning the blood from waste substances through a filtering process outside the body. Patients with chronic renal failure undergoing hemodialysis often experience complications including hypotension. Several references state an alternative intervention to prevent complications of hypotension in hemodialysis patients with an Intradialytic exercise. Intradialytic exercise is a planned and gradual form of exercise that includes various stages of flexibility exercise, strengthening exercise and cardiovascular exercise performed durin

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7

Murni Yuliastuti, Christina, Th Tatik Pujiastuti, and Sr Lucilla Suparmi, CB. "Perbedaan Tekanan Darah Sebelum dan Sesudah Exercise Intradialysis Pada Pasien Hemodialisis di Unit Hemodialisis Rumah Sakit Panti Rahayu Gunung Kidul." I Care Jurnal Keperawatan STIKes Panti Rapih 2, no. 2 (October 8, 2021): 156–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.46668/jurkes.v2i2.196.

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ABSTRACT Background:Hemodialysis defines as a process of cleaning the blood from waste substances through a filtering process outside the body. Patients with chronic renal failure undergoing hemodialysis often experience complications including hypotension. Several references state an alternative intervention to prevent complications of hypotension in hemodialysis patients with an Intradialytic exercise. Intradialytic exercise is a planned and gradual form of exercise that includes various stages of flexibility exercise, strengthening exercise and cardiovascular exercise performed during

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8

Miotto, Paula M., Chris McGlory, Tanya M. Holloway, Stuart M. Phillips, and Graham P. Holloway. "Sex differences in mitochondrial respiratory function in human skeletal muscle." American Journal of Physiology-Regulatory, Integrative and Comparative Physiology 314, no. 6 (June 1, 2018): R909—R915. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpregu.00025.2018.

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Mitochondrial bioenergetic contributions to sex differences in human skeletal muscle metabolism remain poorly defined. The primary aim of this study was to determine whether mitochondrial respiratory kinetics differed between healthy young men and women in permeabilized skeletal muscle fibers. While men and women displayed similar ( P > 0.05) maximal respiration rates and abundance of mitochondrial/adenosine diphosphate (ADP) transport proteins, women had lower ( P < 0.05) mitochondrial ADP sensitivity (+30% apparent Km) and absolute respiration rates at a physiologically relevant ADP co

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9

Klymenko, M. R. "NARCISSISTIC SELF-REGULATION: STUDYING SEX DIFFERENCES." Habitus, no. 40 (2022): 115–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.32782/2663-5208.2022.40.18.

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10

Сулаєва, О. М., and Н. І. Белемець. "Sex differences in regulation of adipose tissue." Clinical endocrinology and endocrine surgery, no. 4(60) (November 27, 2017): 11–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.24026/1818-1384.4(60).2017.118729.

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11

Davy, Brenda M., Emily L. Van Walleghen, and Jeb S. Orr. "Sex differences in acute energy intake regulation." Appetite 49, no. 1 (July 2007): 141–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.appet.2007.01.010.

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12

Halperin Kuhns, Victoria L., and Owen M. Woodward. "Sex Differences in Urate Handling." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 21, no. 12 (June 16, 2020): 4269. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms21124269.

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Hyperuricemia, or elevated serum urate, causes urate kidney stones and gout and also increases the incidence of many other conditions including renal disease, cardiovascular disease, and metabolic syndrome. As we gain mechanistic insight into how urate contributes to human disease, a clear sex difference has emerged in the physiological regulation of urate homeostasis. This review summarizes our current understanding of urate as a disease risk factor and how being of the female sex appears protective. Further, we review the mechanisms of renal handling of urate and the significant contribution

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13

De Marinis, Elisabetta, Chiara Martini, Anna Trentalance, and Valentina Pallottini. "Sex differences in hepatic regulation of cholesterol homeostasis." Journal of Endocrinology 198, no. 3 (July 4, 2008): 635–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1677/joe-08-0242.

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Physiological sex differences may influence metabolic status and then alter the onset of some diseases. According to recent studies, it is now well established that females are more protected from hypercholesterolemia-related diseases, such as cardiovascular diseases until menopause. Female protection from hypercholesterolemia is mediated by the hypolipidemic properties of estrogens, even if mechanisms underlying this protection remain still debated. Even though the regulatory mechanisms of cholesterol homeostasis maintenance are well known, few data are available on the supposed differences b

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14

Shingo, Matsuda. "Sex differences in biological mechanism of fear regulation." Proceedings for Annual Meeting of The Japanese Pharmacological Society 95 (2022): 2—S20–1. http://dx.doi.org/10.1254/jpssuppl.95.0_2-s20-1.

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15

Joyner, Michael J., B. Gunnar Wallin, and Nisha Charkoudian. "Sex differences and blood pressure regulation in humans." Experimental Physiology 101, no. 3 (August 16, 2015): 349–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1113/ep085146.

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16

Sherman, Gary D., Leslie K. Rice, Ellie Shuo Jin, Amanda C. Jones, and Robert A. Josephs. "Sex differences in cortisol's regulation of affiliative behavior." Hormones and Behavior 92 (June 2017): 20–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.yhbeh.2016.12.005.

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17

Shi, H., and D. J. Clegg. "Sex differences in the regulation of body weight." Physiology & Behavior 97, no. 2 (May 2009): 199–204. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.physbeh.2009.02.017.

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18

Tramunt, Blandine, Sarra Smati, Naia Grandgeorge, Françoise Lenfant, Jean-François Arnal, Alexandra Montagner, and Pierre Gourdy. "Sex differences in metabolic regulation and diabetes susceptibility." Diabetologia 63, no. 3 (November 21, 2019): 453–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00125-019-05040-3.

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AbstractGender and biological sex impact the pathogenesis of numerous diseases, including metabolic disorders such as diabetes. In most parts of the world, diabetes is more prevalent in men than in women, especially in middle-aged populations. In line with this, considering almost all animal models, males are more likely to develop obesity, insulin resistance and hyperglycaemia than females in response to nutritional challenges. As summarised in this review, it is now obvious that many aspects of energy balance and glucose metabolism are regulated differently in males and females and influence

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19

Farrell, Maureen C., Richard J. Giza, and Cyndya A. Shibao. "Race and sex differences in cardiovascular autonomic regulation." Clinical Autonomic Research 30, no. 5 (September 7, 2020): 371–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10286-020-00723-z.

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20

Branovets, Jelena, Mervi Sepp, Svetlana Kotlyarova, Natalja Jepihhina, Niina Sokolova, Dunja Aksentijevic, Craig A. Lygate, Stefan Neubauer, Marko Vendelin, and Rikke Birkedal. "Unchanged mitochondrial organization and compartmentation of high-energy phosphates in creatine-deficient GAMT−/− mouse hearts." American Journal of Physiology-Heart and Circulatory Physiology 305, no. 4 (August 15, 2013): H506—H520. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpheart.00919.2012.

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Disruption of the creatine kinase (CK) system in hearts of CK-deficient mice leads to changes in the ultrastructure and regulation of mitochondrial respiration. We expected to see similar changes in creatine-deficient mice, which lack the enzyme guanidinoacetate methyltransferase (GAMT) to produce creatine. The aim of this study was to characterize the changes in cardiomyocyte mitochondrial organization, regulation of respiration, and intracellular compartmentation associated with GAMT deficiency. Three-dimensional mitochondrial organization was assessed by confocal microscopy. On populations

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21

Peng, F., Y. Quangang, X. Xue, J. Guo, and T. Wang. "Effects of rodent-induced land degradation on ecosystem carbon fluxes in an alpine meadow in the Qinghai–Tibet Plateau, China." Solid Earth 6, no. 1 (March 4, 2015): 303–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/se-6-303-2015.

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Abstract. The widespread land degradation in an alpine meadow ecosystem would affect ecosystem carbon (C) balance. Biomass, soil chemical properties and carbon dioxide (CO2) of six levels of degraded lands (D1–D6, according to the number of rodent holes and coverage) were investigated to examine the effects of rodent-induced land degradation on an alpine meadow ecosystem. Soil organic carbon (SOC), labile soil carbon (LC), total nitrogen (TN) and inorganic nitrogen (N) were obtained by chemical analysis. Soil respiration (Rs), net ecosystem exchange (NEE) and ecosystem respiration (ER) were me

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22

Mallay, Sarah, Robert Gill, Adrian Young, and Ryan J. Mailloux. "Sex-dependent Differences in the Bioenergetics of Liver and Muscle Mitochondria from Mice Containing a Deletion for glutaredoxin-2." Antioxidants 8, no. 8 (July 26, 2019): 245. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/antiox8080245.

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Our group recently published a study demonstrating that deleting the gene encoding the matrix thiol oxidoreductase, glutaredoxin-2 (GRX2), alters the bioenergetics of mitochondria isolated from male C57BL/6N mice. Here, we conducted a similar study, examining H2O2 production and respiration in mitochondria isolated from female mice heterozygous (GRX2+/−) or homozygous (GRX2−/−) for glutaredoxin-2. First, we observed that deleting the Grx2 gene does not alter the rate of H2O2 production in liver and muscle mitochondria oxidizing pyruvate, α-ketoglutarate, or succinate. Examination of the rates

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23

Lamartiniere, C. A. "Endocrine regulation of sex differences in hepatic histidase activity." Biochemical Journal 231, no. 3 (November 1, 1985): 785–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1042/bj2310785.

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Hepatic histidase activity in adult female rats is twice that in adult male rats. Hypophysectomy and thyroidectomy result in a significant increase in hepatic histidase activities in males, but not in females. This effect on histidase is reversed by the exogenous administration of tri-iodothyronine, but not by ectopic pituitary glands or purified pituitary hormones.

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24

Nielsen, H. C. "Testosterone Regulation of Sex Differences in Fetal Lung Development." Experimental Biology and Medicine 199, no. 4 (April 1, 1992): 446–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.3181/00379727-199-43379.

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25

Wade, Juli. "Genetic regulation of sex differences in songbirds and lizards." Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 371, no. 1688 (February 19, 2016): 20150112. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rstb.2015.0112.

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Sex differences in the morphology of neural and peripheral structures related to reproduction often parallel the frequency of particular behaviours displayed by males and females. In a variety of model organisms, these sex differences are organized in development by gonadal steroids, which also act in adulthood to modulate behavioural expression and in some cases to generate parallel anatomical changes on a seasonal basis. Data collected from diverse species, however, suggest that changes in hormone availability are not sufficient to explain sex and seasonal differences in structure and functi

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26

Hodes, G. E., M. L. Pfau, A. Brancato, H. F. Ahn, and S. J. Russo. "Epigenetic regulation of sex differences in susceptibility to stress." European Neuropsychopharmacology 27 (October 2017): S550. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0924-977x(17)31052-0.

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27

Farhang, Borzoo, Shanna Diaz, Stephanie L. Tang, and Edward J. Wagner. "Sex differences in the cannabinoid regulation of energy homeostasis." Psychoneuroendocrinology 34 (December 2009): S237—S246. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.psyneuen.2009.04.007.

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28

Hutchison, J. B., C. Beyer, R. E. Hutchison, and A. Wozniak. "Sex differences in the regulation of embryonic brain aromatase." Journal of Steroid Biochemistry and Molecular Biology 61, no. 3-6 (April 1997): 315–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0960-0760(97)80029-5.

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29

Bangasser, Debra A., Samantha R. Eck, Alexander M. Telenson, and Madeleine Salvatore. "Sex differences in stress regulation of arousal and cognition." Physiology & Behavior 187 (April 2018): 42–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.physbeh.2017.09.025.

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30

Mak, Amanda K. Y., Zhi-guo Hu, John X. X. Zhang, Zhuangwei Xiao, and Tatia M. C. Lee. "Sex-related differences in neural activity during emotion regulation." Neuropsychologia 47, no. 13 (November 2009): 2900–2908. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2009.06.017.

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31

Liang, Yun, J. Michelle Kahlenberg, and Johann E. Gudjonsson. "A vestigial pathway for sex differences in immune regulation." Cellular & Molecular Immunology 14, no. 7 (May 22, 2017): 578–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/cmi.2017.28.

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32

Raznahan, Armin, and Christine M. Disteche. "X-chromosome regulation and sex differences in brain anatomy." Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews 120 (January 2021): 28–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.neubiorev.2020.10.024.

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33

Abel, Jean LeBeau, and Emilie F. Rissman. "Location, location, location: Genetic regulation of neural sex differences." Reviews in Endocrine and Metabolic Disorders 13, no. 3 (May 24, 2011): 151–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11154-011-9186-0.

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34

Edmunds, Jane S., Clayton L. Ivie, Elizabeth P. Ott, Dain W. Jacob, Sarah E. Baker, Jennifer L. Harper, Camila M. Manrique-Acevedo, and Jacqueline K. Limberg. "Sex differences in the effect of acute intermittent hypoxia on respiratory modulation of sympathetic activity." American Journal of Physiology-Regulatory, Integrative and Comparative Physiology 321, no. 6 (December 1, 2021): R903—R911. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpregu.00042.2021.

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Sex-related differences in respiratory modulation of sympathetic activity have been observed in rodent models of sleep apnea [intermittent hypoxia (IH)]. In light of sex disparities in the respiratory response to acute IH in humans as well as changes in respiratory modulation of muscle sympathetic nerve activity (MSNA) in clinical sleep apnea, we examined sex-related differences in respiratory modulation of MSNA following acute IH. We hypothesized that respiratory modulation of MSNA would be altered in both male and female participants after IH; however, the respiratory patterning of MSNA foll

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35

Qian, Jingyi, Christopher J. Morris, Rosanna Caputo, Wei Wang, Marta Garaulet, and Frank A. J. L. Scheer. "Sex differences in the circadian misalignment effects on energy regulation." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 116, no. 47 (November 4, 2019): 23806–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1914003116.

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Shift work causes circadian misalignment and is a risk factor for obesity. While some characteristics of the human circadian system and energy metabolism differ between males and females, little is known about whether sex modulates circadian misalignment effects on energy homeostasis. Here we show—using a randomized cross-over design with two 8-d laboratory protocols in 14 young healthy adults (6 females)—that circadian misalignment has sex-specific influences on energy homeostasis independent of behavioral/environmental factors. First, circadian misalignment affected 24-h average levels of th

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36

Nicholas, Lisa M., Mototsugu Nagao, Laura C. Kusinski, Denise S. Fernandez-Twinn, Lena Eliasson, and Susan E. Ozanne. "Exposure to maternal obesity programs sex differences in pancreatic islets of the offspring in mice." Diabetologia 63, no. 2 (November 26, 2019): 324–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00125-019-05037-y.

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Abstract Aims/hypothesis Obesity during pregnancy increases offspring type 2 diabetes risk. Given that nearly half of women of child-bearing age in many populations are currently overweight/obese, it is key that we improve our understanding of the impact of the in utero/early life environment on offspring islet function. Whilst a number of experimental studies have examined the effect of maternal obesity on offspring islet architecture and/or function, it has not previously been delineated whether these changes are independent of other confounding risk factors such as obesity, postnatal high-f

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Rutkai, Ibolya, Somhrita Dutta, Prasad V. Katakam, and David W. Busija. "Dynamics of enhanced mitochondrial respiration in female compared with male rat cerebral arteries." American Journal of Physiology-Heart and Circulatory Physiology 309, no. 9 (November 2015): H1490—H1500. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpheart.00231.2015.

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Mitochondrial respiration has never been directly examined in intact cerebral arteries. We tested the hypothesis that mitochondrial energetics of large cerebral arteries ex vivo are sex dependent. The Seahorse XFe24 analyzer was used to examine mitochondrial respiration in isolated cerebral arteries from adult male and female Sprague-Dawley rats. We examined the role of nitric oxide (NO) on mitochondrial respiration under basal conditions, using Nω-nitro-l-arginine methyl ester, and following pharmacological challenge using diazoxide (DZ), and also determined levels of mitochondrial and nonmit

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Wang, Chunmei, and Yong Xu. "Mechanisms for sex differences in energy homeostasis." Journal of Molecular Endocrinology 62, no. 2 (February 2019): R129—R143. http://dx.doi.org/10.1530/jme-18-0165.

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Sex differences exist in the regulation of energy homeostasis. Better understanding of the underlying mechanisms for sexual dimorphism in energy balance may facilitate development of gender-specific therapies for human diseases, e.g. obesity. Multiple organs, including the brain, liver, fat and muscle, play important roles in the regulations of feeding behavior, energy expenditure and physical activity, which therefore contribute to the maintenance of energy balance. It has been increasingly appreciated that this multi-organ system is under different regulations in male vs female animals. Much

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39

McFarlane, Sarah V., Katherine E. Mathers, and James F. Staples. "Reversible temperature-dependent differences in brown adipose tissue respiration during torpor in a mammalian hibernator." American Journal of Physiology-Regulatory, Integrative and Comparative Physiology 312, no. 3 (March 1, 2017): R434—R442. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpregu.00316.2016.

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Although seasonal modifications of brown adipose tissue (BAT) in hibernators are well documented, we know little about functional regulation of BAT in different phases of hibernation. In the 13-lined ground squirrel, liver mitochondrial respiration is suppressed by up to 70% during torpor. This suppression is reversed during arousal and interbout euthermia (IBE), and corresponds with patterns of maximal activities of electron transport system (ETS) enzymes. Uncoupling of BAT mitochondria is controlled by free fatty acid release stimulated by sympathetic activation of adipocytes, so we hypothes

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Guajardo, Herminio M., та Rita J. Valentino. "Sex differences in μ-opioid regulation of coerulear-cortical transmission". Neuroscience Letters 746 (лютий 2021): 135651. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.neulet.2021.135651.

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41

Gardener, Elyse K. T., Andrea R. Carr, Amy MacGregor, and Kim L. Felmingham. "Sex Differences and Emotion Regulation: An Event-Related Potential Study." PLoS ONE 8, no. 10 (October 30, 2013): e73475. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0073475.

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42

Björntorp, Per A. "Sex differences in the regulation of energy balance with exercise." American Journal of Clinical Nutrition 49, no. 5 (May 1, 1989): 958–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ajcn/49.5.958.

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43

Ptak, W., Z. Dobrowolski, J. Marcinkiewicz, and A. Gryglewski. "Sex differences in regulation of contact sensitivity reaction in mice." Clinical Immunology and Immunopathology 47, no. 3 (January 1988): 289–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0090-1229(88)80007-2.

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44

Smetana, Peter, and Marek Malik. "Sex differences in cardiac autonomic regulation and in repolarisation electrocardiography." Pflügers Archiv - European Journal of Physiology 465, no. 5 (February 13, 2013): 699–717. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00424-013-1228-x.

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45

Lovejoy, J. C., and A. Sainsbury. "Sex differences in obesity and the regulation of energy homeostasis." Obesity Reviews 10, no. 2 (March 2009): 154–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-789x.2008.00529.x.

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46

Ng, Martin K. C., Wendy Jessup, and David S. Celermajer. "Sex-related differences in the regulation of macrophage cholesterol metabolism." Current Opinion in Lipidology 12, no. 5 (October 2001): 505–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00041433-200110000-00005.

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47

Sharma, Salil, and Mansoureh Eghbali. "Influence of sex differences on microRNA gene regulation in disease." Biology of Sex Differences 5, no. 1 (2014): 3. http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/2042-6410-5-3.

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48

Coyne, Michelle Anne, Jamie C. Vaske, Danielle L. Boisvert, and John Paul Wright. "Sex Differences in the Stability of Self-Regulation Across Childhood." Journal of Developmental and Life-Course Criminology 1, no. 1 (February 25, 2015): 4–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s40865-015-0001-6.

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49

Arnold, Arthur P., and Aldons J. Lusis. "Understanding the Sexome: Measuring and Reporting Sex Differences in Gene Systems." Endocrinology 153, no. 6 (March 20, 2012): 2551–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1210/en.2011-2134.

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Abstract:

The current male bias in biomedical research should be eliminated. The large sex differences in incidence and progression of diseases mean that sex-biased factors are an untapped source of factors that protect from disease. Greater understanding will come from intensified study of the “sexome,” which is the sum of sex-biased effects on gene networks and cell systems. The global search for sites and mechanisms of sex-specific regulation in diverse tissues will provide unanticipated insights into physiological regulation and targets for novel therapies.

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Oliva, Meritxell, Manuel Muñoz-Aguirre, Sarah Kim-Hellmuth, Valentin Wucher, Ariel D. H. Gewirtz, Daniel J. Cotter, Princy Parsana, et al. "The impact of sex on gene expression across human tissues." Science 369, no. 6509 (September 10, 2020): eaba3066. http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/science.aba3066.

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Abstract:

Many complex human phenotypes exhibit sex-differentiated characteristics. However, the molecular mechanisms underlying these differences remain largely unknown. We generated a catalog of sex differences in gene expression and in the genetic regulation of gene expression across 44 human tissue sources surveyed by the Genotype-Tissue Expression project (GTEx, v8 release). We demonstrate that sex influences gene expression levels and cellular composition of tissue samples across the human body. A total of 37% of all genes exhibit sex-biased expression in at least one tissue. We identify cis expre

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