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1

Thokngaen, Janjira. "Pediatric respiratory severity score evaluates disease severity of respiratory tract infection in children." Chulalongkorn Medical Journal 63, no. 1 (2019): 41–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.58837/chula.cmj.63.1.6.

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2

Kamble, Milind B., and Rajesh Kumar Singh. "Respiratory severity score and pediatric respiratory severity score criteria in grading and management of pediatric acute respiratory illness." International Journal of Paediatrics and Geriatrics 3, no. 2 (2020): 21–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.33545/26643685.2020.v3.i2a.85.

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3

Fisher, Randall G. "SEVERITY OF RESPIRATORY SYNCYTIAL VIRUS DISEASE." Pediatric Infectious Disease Journal 19, no. 10 (2000): 1030–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00006454-200010000-00026.

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4

Buckingham, Steven C., Andrew J. Bush, and John P. DeVincenzo. "SEVERITY OF RESPIRATORY SYNCYTIAL VIRUS DISEASE." Pediatric Infectious Disease Journal 19, no. 10 (2000): 1031–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00006454-200010000-00027.

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5

Feldman, Amy S., Tina V. Hartert, Tebeb Gebretsadik, et al. "Respiratory Severity Score Separates Upper Versus Lower Respiratory Tract Infections and Predicts Measures of Disease Severity." Pediatric Allergy, Immunology, and Pulmonology 28, no. 2 (2015): 117–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1089/ped.2014.0463.

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6

Davies, Jane C. "Monitoring Respiratory Disease Severity in Cystic Fibrosis." Respiratory Care 54, no. 5 (2009): 606–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.4187/aarc0493.

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7

DeVincenzo, John P. "Factors Predicting Childhood Respiratory Syncytial Virus Severity." Pediatric Infectious Disease Journal 24, Supplement (2005): S177—S183. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/01.inf.0000187274.48387.42.

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8

Tran, Dat. "Respiratory viral coinfection and clinical disease severity." Jornal de Pediatria (Versão em Português) 89, no. 5 (2013): 421–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jpedp.2013.06.002.

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9

Tran, Dat. "Respiratory viral coinfection and clinical disease severity." Jornal de Pediatria 89, no. 5 (2013): 421–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jped.2013.06.002.

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10

Farnam, K. S., and D. D. Stevenson. "Asthma Severity in Aspirin Exacerbated Respiratory Disease." Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology 129, no. 2 (2012): AB155. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jaci.2011.12.339.

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11

Rodier, Caroline, Annie Lapointe, François Coutlée, et al. "Juvenile respiratory papillomatosis: Risk factors for severity." Journal of Medical Virology 85, no. 8 (2013): 1447–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jmv.23615.

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12

WOOLCOCK, A. J., D. DUSSER, and I. FAJAC. "Severity of chronic asthma." Thorax 53, no. 6 (1998): 442–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/thx.53.6.442.

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13

Elhelw, Omar, Sharanniyan Ragavan, Waseem Majeed, and Akheel Syed. "Immunosenescence and severity of COVID-19." British Student Doctor Journal 6, no. 1 (2022): 50–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.18573/bsdj.286.

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Summary: Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection causes coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). It is associated with significant morbidity and mortality, and socio-economic disruption globally. Increasing age and ageing-associated comorbidities such as obesity, type 2 diabetes, and chronic cardiac, respiratory, kidney and liver diseases are associated with greater risk of adverse outcomes including severe illness, hospitalisation, intensive care admission and death. Older individuals are disproportionately affected regardless of pre-existing comorbidities. Ageing-r
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14

Verma, Ekta, Indira Das, and Anupam Das. "Respiratory index of severity in children score for assessment of severity in pediatric pneumonia- a hospital-based study." International Journal of Research in Medical Sciences 11, no. 5 (2023): 1582–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.18203/2320-6012.ijrms20231319.

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Background: This hospital-based study aimed to evaluate the respiratory index of severity in children (RISC) score’s performance in predicting severity and mortality risk in pediatric pneumonia patients in a developing nation. Methods: The study included 200 children under 5 years of age who were admitted to the ward and pediatric intensive care unit (PICU) and did not have documented congenital heart disease, chronic respiratory illness, congenital lung problems, immunosuppressive conditions, or known neuromuscular disorder with respiratory system involvement. The RISC score was determined, a
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15

Brandenburg, A. H., P. Y. Jeannet, H. A. v. Steensel-Moll, et al. "Local variability in respiratory syncytial virus disease severity." Archives of Disease in Childhood 77, no. 5 (1997): 410–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/adc.77.5.410.

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16

Legg, Julian P., and Sebastian L. Johnston. "Respiratory Syncytial Virus Infection: Determinants of Disease Severity." Clinical Pulmonary Medicine 9, no. 6 (2002): 306–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00045413-200211000-00002.

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17

&NA;. "LOCAL VARIABILITY IN RESPIRATORY SYNCYTIAL VIRUS DISEASE SEVERITY." Pediatric Infectious Disease Journal 17, no. 5 (1998): 445. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00006454-199805000-00029.

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18

Condy, Emma E., Angela Scarpa, and Bruce H. Friedman. "Respiratory Sinus Arrhythmia Predicts Restricted Repetitive Behavior Severity." Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders 47, no. 9 (2017): 2795–804. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10803-017-3193-2.

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19

Stoleski, Saso, Jordan Minov, Jovanka Karadzinska-Bislimovska, and Dragan Mijakoski. "Bronchial Hyperresponsiveness in Farmers: Severity and Work-Relatedness." Open Access Macedonian Journal of Medical Sciences 2, no. 3 (2014): 536–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.3889/oamjms.2014.097.

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OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the prevalence of respiratory symptoms, lung function and bronchial hyperresponsiveness in farmers, with emphasize to their severity and work-relatedness due occupational risk factors and farming characteristics.METHODS: A cross-sectional survey was performed including 60 cow breeders aged 21 to 65 years, compared to an equal number of agricultural farmers matched by age, job exposure duration, and smoking status. We have used a questionnaire to record the chronic respiratory symptoms, detailed work history, specific farming activities and tasks performed, and smoking hi
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20

Vincent, Jean-Louis, and Frederico Bruzzi de Carvalho. "Severity of Illness." Seminars in Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine 31, no. 01 (2010): 031–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0029-1246287.

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21

COLICE, GENE L, JENNIFER VANDEN BURGT, JESSIE SONG, PATTI STAMPONE, and PHILIP J THOMPSON. "Categorizing Asthma Severity." American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine 160, no. 6 (1999): 1962–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1164/ajrccm.160.6.9902112.

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22

Granados, Galo, María Sáez-López, Cristina Aljama, Júlia Sampol, María-Jesús Cruz, and Jaume Ferrer. "Asbestos Exposure and Severity of COVID-19." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 19, no. 23 (2022): 16305. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph192316305.

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Background: The aim of this study was to analyse the relationship between occupational exposure to asbestos and the severity of SARS-CoV-2 infection. Methods: We evaluated patients who survived admission in our centre for COVID-19 pneumonia. Demographic, analytical, and clinical variables were collected during admission. After discharge, a previously validated occupational exposure to asbestos questionnaire was administered. Spirometry, CO diffusion test, the 6-min walk test, and high-resolution chest CT were performed. Patients who required respiratory support (oxygen, CPAP, or NIV) were cons
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23

Naveed Ashraf, Naveed Butt, Kaneez Fatima, et al. "Determine the Severity of Acute Respiratory Infections by Using Pediatric Respiratory Severity Score (PRESS) in Children Visiting Federal Govt. Polyclinic hospital, Islamabad." Annals of PIMS-Shaheed Zulfiqar Ali Bhutto Medical University 18, no. 1 (2022): 51–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.48036/apims.v18i1.641.

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Objective: To determine the severity of acute respiratory infections in children by using Pediatric Respiratory Severity Score (PRESS). Methodology: This descriptive cross sectional study was conducted at the outpatient and emergency paediatric department of the Federal Govt. Polyclinic hospital, Islamabad, from October 2017 to December 2019. One hundred and seventeen children with acute respiratory infections were enrolled in the study by a non-probability sampling technique. Epidemiologic variables of interest included age, sex, and breastfeeding or not. Clinical variables of interest includ
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24

Ntontsi, P., V. Ntzoumanika, S. Loukides, et al. "EBC metabolomics for asthma severity." Journal of Breath Research 14, no. 3 (2020): 036007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1752-7163/ab9220.

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25

Mukherjee, Manali, Sarah Svenningsen, and Parameswaran Nair. "Glucocortiosteroid subsensitivity and asthma severity." Current Opinion in Pulmonary Medicine 23, no. 1 (2017): 78–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/mcp.0000000000000337.

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26

Ranzani, Otavio T., Leandro Utino Taniguchi, and Antoni Torres. "Severity scoring systems for pneumonia." Current Opinion in Pulmonary Medicine 24, no. 3 (2018): 227–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/mcp.0000000000000468.

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27

Cabrera Lacalzada, C., and S. Diaz-Lobato. "Grading obesity hypoventilation syndrome severity." European Respiratory Journal 32, no. 3 (2008): 817–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1183/09031936.00059508.

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28

Lurie, Alain, Christophe Marsala, Sarah Hartley, Bernadette Bouchon-Meunier, and Daniel Dusser. "Patients’ perception of asthma severity." Respiratory Medicine 101, no. 10 (2007): 2145–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.rmed.2007.05.027.

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29

R, Begum, Saurabh S, Das I, and Das A. "Thrombocytosis in relation to severity of lower respiratory tract infection in children aged 2 months to 5 years." Journal of Medical and Scientific Research 11, no. 2 (2023): 86–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.17727/jmsr.2023/11-17.

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Background: Primary or essential thrombocytosis in children is very rare but reactive thrombocytosis occurs in children and respiratory tract infection is the commonest cause. The study aimed to determine the association of thrombocytosis with severity of lower respiratory tract infection; and the association of degree of thrombocytosis with severity of pneumonia. Materials and methods: This observational study was conducted in the Department of Paediatrics of Fakhruddin Ali Ahmed Medical College & Hospital, Barpeta in Assam. This study was done on 120 children aged between 2 months and 5
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30

YU, MATVEEV A., and A. A. ROMANYUKHA. "CLINICAL DATA ANALYSIS AND MATHEMATICAL MODELING OF MIXED INFECTIONS." Journal of Biological Systems 03, no. 02 (1995): 389–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0218339095000368.

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Quantitative analysis data describing course of viral hepatitis show that concominal viral respiratory infection did not influence hepatitis severity and the rate of recovery after it. In the groups of hepatitis patients with different severity we also found the upper respiratory infections increasing proportional to the hepatitis severity. The rhinoviral infection initiation model in healthy and in hepatitis patients was obtained. Using this model allowed us to describe the phenomenon of upper respiratory infection incidence increasing in viral hepatitis dynamics.
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31

Klein, Max. "Assessment of the severity of primary respiratory muscle failure." South African Journal of Physiotherapy 41, no. 2 (1985): 4. https://doi.org/10.4102/sajp.v41i2.2209.

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Respiratory muscle weakness results either from disorders of the respiratory motor unit (primary type) or from muscle fatigue due to severe underlying pulmonary disease (secondary type). Blood gases reflect the effects of muscle fatigue but are too insensitive to be relied upon in primary muscle weakness. The reasons for this are discussed. It is emphasized that the ventilatory reserve should be monitored, in patients with primary respiratory muscle weakness and that a decision to provide assisted ventilation should be based upon it, not on blood gas estimates.
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32

Malakhov, A. B., A. E. Angel, P. V. Berezhanskiy, et al. "Interleukin Profile in Children with Acute Bronchiolitis (Raw Data)." Doctor.Ru 20, no. 10 (2021): 12–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.31550/1727-2378-2021-20-10-12-17.

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Study Objective: To find out the cytokine profile in blood serum of children with acute bronchiolitis. Study Design: Comparative study. Materials and Methods. We examined 52 patients aged 1 to 12 months who were hospitalised to Pulmonary Department with acute bronchiolitis and respiratory distress of various severity. All children had interleukins (IL) 4, 6, and 18 in their blood measured. Study Results. Patients demonstrated some trends in changes in their cytokine profile changes depending on respiratory distress severity. We have found direct correlations between high IL-18 levels and respi
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33

Rahman, Mohammed Mirazur, Farjana Binte Habib, Ahmed Imran Kabir, et al. "Association of persistent respiratory symptoms with severity of COVID-19." BIRDEM Medical Journal 13, no. 1 (2023): 16–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/birdem.v13i1.63889.

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Background: Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is a new and highly contagious respiratory disease caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). Symptoms and disease severity of COVID-19 vary from asymptomatic to severe or fatal illness. A major complication of those who survived from COVID-19 is the development of lung disease leading to persistence of respiratory symptoms. The objective of the present study was to find out the association of persistence of respiratory symptoms with severity of COVID-19.
 Methods: This prospective observational study was carried
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34

Lodge, Samantha, Nathan G. Lawler, Nicola Gray, et al. "Integrative Plasma Metabolic and Lipidomic Modelling of SARS-CoV-2 Infection in Relation to Clinical Severity and Early Mortality Prediction." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 24, no. 14 (2023): 11614. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms241411614.

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An integrative multi-modal metabolic phenotyping model was developed to assess the systemic plasma sequelae of SARS-CoV-2 (rRT-PCR positive) induced COVID-19 disease in patients with different respiratory severity levels. Plasma samples from 306 unvaccinated COVID-19 patients were collected in 2020 and classified into four levels of severity ranging from mild symptoms to severe ventilated cases. These samples were investigated using a combination of quantitative Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) spectroscopy and Mass Spectrometry (MS) platforms to give broad lipoprotein, lipidomic and amino aci
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35

Nocera, Domenico, Stefano Giovanazzi, Tommaso Pozzi, et al. "Does the Intensity of Therapy Correspond to the Severity of Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome (ARDS)?" Journal of Clinical Medicine 13, no. 23 (2024): 7084. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jcm13237084.

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Objectives: The intensity of respiratory treatment in acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) is traditionally adjusted based on oxygenation severity, as defined by the mild, moderate, and severe Berlin classifications. However, ventilator-induced lung injury (VILI) is primarily determined by ventilator settings, namely tidal volume, respiratory rate, and positive end-expiratory pressure (PEEP). All these variables, along with respiratory elastance, are included in the concept of mechanical power. The aim of this study is to investigate whether applied mechanical power is proportional to ox
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36

Pillai, Kalyani, Edwin Ros Sartho, T. P. Lakshmi, and V. K. Parvathy. "Diagnosis and Assessment of Severity of Pediatric Pneumonia Using the Respiratory Index of Severity (RISC) Scoring System." Indian Pediatrics 58, no. 11 (2021): 1052–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s13312-021-2372-6.

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37

Shestak, E., O. Kovtun, O. Ksenofontova, D. Dodrov, and N. Kalyakova. "Respiratory strategies affecting the severity of neonatal transient tachypnea." Vrach 33, no. 1 (2022): 56–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.29296/25877305-2022-01-09.

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38

Zingg, S. Whitney, D. A. Millar, Michael D. Goodman, Timothy A. Pritts, and Christopher F. Janowak. "The Association Between Pulmonary Contusion Severity and Respiratory Failure." Respiratory Care 66, no. 11 (2021): 1665–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.4187/respcare.09145.

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39

Miyairi, Isao, and John P. DeVincenzo. "Human Genetic Factors and Respiratory Syncytial Virus Disease Severity." Clinical Microbiology Reviews 21, no. 4 (2008): 686–703. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/cmr.00017-08.

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SUMMARY To explain the wide spectrum of disease severity caused by respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) and because of the limitations of animal models to fully parallel human RSV disease, study of genetic influences on human RSV disease severity has begun. Candidate gene approaches have demonstrated associations of severe RSV in healthy infants with genetic polymorphisms that may alter the innate ability of humans to control RSV (surfactants, Toll-like receptor 4, cell surface adhesion molecules, and others) and those that may control differences in proinflammatory responses or enhanced immunopa
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40

Rawat, Munmun, Praveen K. Chandrasekharan, Ashley Williams, et al. "Oxygen Saturation Index and Severity of Hypoxic Respiratory Failure." Neonatology 107, no. 3 (2015): 161–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1159/000369774.

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41

Halvorson, Elizabeth E., Timothy R. Peters, Joseph A. Skelton, Cynthia Suerken, Beverly M. Snively, and Katherine A. Poehling. "Is weight associated with severity of acute respiratory illness?" International Journal of Obesity 42, no. 9 (2018): 1582–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41366-018-0044-y.

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42

Hazell, ML, TL Frank, and PI Frank. "PRP6 ASSESSMENT OF RESPIRATORY DISEASE SEVERITY USING POSTAL QUESTIONNAIRES." Value in Health 5, no. 6 (2002): 526–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1098-3015(10)61394-0.

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43

Rajan, Devi, Evan L. O’Keefe, Curtis Travers, et al. "MUC5AC Levels Associated With Respiratory Syncytial Virus Disease Severity." Clinical Infectious Diseases 67, no. 9 (2018): 1441–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciy340.

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44

Lazar, Isaac, Carla Weibel, James Dziura, David Ferguson, Marie L. Landry, and Jeffrey S. Kahn. "Human Metapneumovirus and Severity of Respiratory Syncytial Virus Disease." Emerging Infectious Diseases 10, no. 7 (2004): 1318–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.3201/eid1007.030983.

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45

Tissing, W. J., H. A. van Steensel-Moll, and M. Offringa. "Severity of respiratory syncytial virus infections and immunoglobulin concentrations." Archives of Disease in Childhood 69, no. 1 (1993): 156–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/adc.69.1.156.

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46

Sweeting, B. M. "Mass casualty acute pepper spray inhalation – Respiratory severity effect." African Journal of Emergency Medicine 3, no. 4 (2013): S23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.afjem.2013.08.063.

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47

Simonetti, Alessio, Cristina Pais, Vezio Savoia, et al. "Association of Delirium and Depression with Respiratory and Outcome Measures in COVID-19 Inpatients." Journal of Personalized Medicine 13, no. 8 (2023): 1207. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jpm13081207.

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Delirium (DEL) and depression (DEP) may impair the course and severity of acute respiratory illness. The impact of such syndromes on respiratory and outcome parameters in inpatients with COVID-19 needs clarification. To clarify the relationship between DEL and DEP and respiratory outcome measures, we enrolled 100 inpatients from COVID-19 units of the Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli IRCCS of Rome. Participants were divided into those with DEL, DEP, or absence of either delirium or depression (CONT). Delirium severity was assessed with the Neelson and Champagne Confusion Sc
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48

Zaplatnikov, A. L., N. A. Geppe, B. M. Blokhin, and E. G. Kondyurina. "Acute respiratory viral infections: focus on severity. A brief overview." Russian Journal of Woman and Child Health 7, no. 3 (2024): 270–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.32364/2618-8430-2024-7-3-11.

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This concise examination of international and domestic research on the impact of respiratory viruses and age-specific characteristics of the immune response in young children on the severity of influenza and other acute respiratory viral infections (ARVIs) is designed to highlight the importance of timely and effective therapy for these diseases. When selecting therapy for ARVIs in children, particularly those of a younger age, it is advisable to adopt a balanced approach that ensures adequate antiviral protection and rapid elimination of the virus, while also considering the necessity for eff
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49

McGeoch, Luke J., Hannah V. Thornton, Peter S. Blair, et al. "Prognostic value of upper respiratory tract microbes in children presenting to primary care with respiratory infections: A prospective cohort study." PLOS ONE 17, no. 5 (2022): e0268131. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0268131.

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Background The association between upper respiratory tract microbial positivity and illness prognosis in children is unclear. This impedes clinical decision-making and means the utility of upper respiratory tract microbial point-of-care tests remains unknown. We investigated for relationships between pharyngeal microbes and symptom severity in children with suspected respiratory tract infection (RTI). Methods Baseline characteristics and pharyngeal swabs were collected from 2,296 children presenting to 58 general practices in Bristol, UK with acute cough and suspected RTI between 2011–2013. Po
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50

Kamaltynova, E. M., I. A. Deev, O. S. Fedorova, N. V. Nikolaeva, and M. I. Polevshchikova. "Clinical scale to assess of bronchial obstruction severity at preschoolers." Bulletin of Siberian Medicine 17, no. 2 (2018): 143–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.20538/1682-0363-2018-2-143-155.

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The severity of the disease is the main factor for further treatment. Bronchoobstructive syndrome of children is widespread. Early detection of the disease severity and correct treatment eliminate the clinical manifestation of the syndrome and improve the quality of patients life. Criteria of severity, as a rule, serve a certain set of clinical and paraclinical parameters used for different nosological forms. In particular, the decrease in parameters of the function of external respiration is the “gold standard” for assessing the severity. Lung function tests for preschoolers are limited. Clin
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