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Journal articles on the topic 'Respiratory Tract Diseases'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 15 June 2025

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1

Isobe, Takeshi. "Guidelines for Respiratory Tract Diseases." Nihon Naika Gakkai Zasshi 98, no. 8 (2009): 2014–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.2169/naika.98.2014.

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2

ISHIOKA, SHIN'ICHI. "Respiratory tract diseases and cytokine." Nihon Naika Gakkai Zasshi 84, no. 2 (1995): 301–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.2169/naika.84.301.

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3

Barson, A. J. "Respiratory and Alimentary Tract Diseases." Archives of Disease in Childhood 62, no. 12 (1987): 1295. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/adc.62.12.1295.

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4

Meuer, Stefan. "Probiotics and Respiratory Tract Diseases." Annals of Nutrition and Metabolism 57, no. 1 (2010): 24–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1159/000317350.

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5

Rees, H. C. "Respiratory and Alimentary Tract Diseases." Journal of Clinical Pathology 41, no. 1 (1988): 119. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/jcp.41.1.119-c.

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6

Trifilieff, A., A. Da Silva, and JP Gies. "Kinins and respiratory tract diseases." European Respiratory Journal 6, no. 4 (1993): 576–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1183/09031936.93.06040576.

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Bradykinin and related kinins are peptidic hormones, formed in tissues and fluids during inflammation. Various functional sites have been proposed as mediators of the biological effects of kinins, including the B1, B2 and B3 receptors. The existence of the B1 and the B2 receptor has largely been confirmed, whilst that of the B3 receptor is controversial and needs further confirmation. The role of bradykinin in the pathophysiology of asthma is not well understood, but bradykinin was proposed as a putative mediator of asthma, since asthmatic subjects are hyperresponsive to bradykinin, and since immunoreactive kinins are increased in the bronchoalveolar lavage fluids of asthmatic patients. Kinins could provoke bronchoconstriction by acting directly on smooth muscle and/or indirectly by their inflammatory properties. They may also contribute to the symptomatology of allergic and viral rhinitis, since they are the only mediators detected to date that are generated in nasal secretion during experimental and natural rhinovirus colds. Moreover, they can induce relevant symptoms when applied to airway mucosa. It has also been proposed that coughing during treatment with angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors is linked to the action of kinins, since ACE is able to degrade kinins, and since the effects of ACE inhibitors are reduced by kinin antagonists. Due to their mitogenic properties, kinins have been proposed to regulate lung carcinoma growth. Their action remains speculative, but some findings are of great interest in order to define their role in these pathologies. Despite many studies in animals and in humans, the mode of action of kinins in airways is still poorly understood.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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7

Neelam, Meena Surendra Singh Shekhawat Subhash Chand Meena Vipin Chand Bairwa and Anupriya. "Caprine Respiratory Diseases." Science World a monthly e magazine 3, no. 8 (2023): 1986–90. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8248219.

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Small ruminants are valuable assets for the Mediterranean, African, and Southeast Asian countries with the potential for providing meat, milk, and wool. These animals are highly susceptible to respiratory diseases, which account for almost 50% mortality amongst them. Irrespective of the etiology, the infectious respiratory diseases of sheep and goats contribute to 5.6 percent of the total diseases of small ruminants. Respiratory diseases can affect goats of all ages.  The infectious respiratory disorders are classified into two groups: the diseases of upper respiratory tract including sinusitis caused by the larvae of parasites, nasal foreign bodies, gaseous irritation & enzootic nasal tumors and the diseases of lower respiratory tract comprising mainly pneumonia, often these are of infectious origin (bacterial, viral, or fungal). In kids, respiratory diseases are usually from infectious agents. Respiratory problems due to trachea injury can arise from improper use of balling and drenching guns.
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8

Zakharova, I. N., I. V. Berezhnaya, L. Ya Klimov, A. N. Kasyanova, O. V. Dedikova, and K. A. Koltsov. "Probiotics in the management of respiratory diseases: ways of interaction and therapeutic perspectives." Medical Council, no. 2 (February 16, 2019): 173–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.21518/2079-701x-2019-2-173-182.

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Today, the composition of the gut microbiota has been studied in sufficient detail. Increasing number of studies show that the respiratory tract, both the upper and lower respiratory tract, have their own microbiota. The article presents the main today’s data about the species diversity of microorganisms in the respiratory and gastrointestinal tracts, describes the role of a healthy microbiota in providing local and general immunity. The authors specify the role of probiotic strains of microorganisms and their effect on various parts of the immune response and present the data of studies on the effect of probiotic products on the immunological resistance of humans, especially the respiratory tract with high viral load. Restoration of a healthy microbiota in the human tract using probiotic products administered through the gastrointestinal tract can reduce the risk and severity of manifestation of the respiratory infections.
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9

ITOH, Takashi. "Kampo Treatment for Respiratory Tract Diseases." Kampo Medicine 54, no. 1 (2003): 29–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.3937/kampomed.54.29.

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10

Chintu, Chifumbe, and Peter Mwaba. "Infectious diseases of the respiratory tract." Journal of Infection 38, no. 2 (1999): 137. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0163-4453(99)90091-9.

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11

Sanderson, David R. "Infectious diseases of the respiratory tract." Annals of Thoracic Surgery 70, no. 2 (2000): 589. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0003-4975(00)01547-2.

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12

Kuzucu, Akin. "Parasitic diseases of the respiratory tract." Current Opinion in Pulmonary Medicine 12, no. 3 (2006): 212–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/01.mcp.0000219271.80804.9e.

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13

Dorko, E., E. Pilipčinec, and L' Tkáčiková. "Fungal diseases of the respiratory tract." Folia Microbiologica 47, no. 3 (2002): 302–4. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf02817657.

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14

Safarova, Sayyora. "Diseases of the upper respiratory tract." ACUMEN: INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MULTIDISCIPLINARY RESEARCH 1, no. 4 (2024): 57–60. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14146270.

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Upper respiratory tract infections can be defined as self-limited irritation and swelling of the upper airways with associated cough and no signs of pneumonia, in a patient with no other condition that would account for their symptoms, or with no history of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, emphysema, or chronic bronchitis. Upper respiratory tract infections involve the nose, sinuses, pharynx, larynx, and large airways. This activity examines when an upper respiratory tract infections should be considered on differential diagnosis and how to properly evaluate it. This activity highlights the role of the interprofessional team in caring for patients with this condition.
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15

Stetsko, T. I. "RESPIRATORY TRACT INFECTIONS IN CATTLE." Scientific and Technical Bulletin оf State Scientific Research Control Institute of Veterinary Medical Products and Fodder Additives аnd Institute of Animal Biology 21, no. 1 (2020): 189–214. http://dx.doi.org/10.36359/scivp.2020-21-1.25.

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In the article a literature review of Bovine respiratory diseases (BRD) is presented. Respiratory diseases are considered to be one of the most harmful diseases of cattle, which cause great economic damage for the operators of the cattle industry. The BRD complex is a multifactorial and multi-etiological disease. The BRD complex is a multifactorial and multi-etiological disease. The main factors providing the BRD development are the management status of rearing cattle, the impact of the environment and pathogens. Without neglecting the importance of the first two factors, pathogenic microorganisms remain the major etiological factor of BRD. Respiratory tract infections in cattle are caused by viruses and bacteria, moreover the diseases often develop in an associated form. However, the bacterial factor in the etiology of respiratory diseases plays a main role.
 Mannheimia haemolytica serotype 1 is the main pathogen of BRD, which can cause disease as a single etiologic agent and as in association with other pathogens (Histophilus somni, Mycoplasma bovis). In most cases, fibrinous pneumonia or fatal acute pneumonia is often associated with Mannheimia haemolytica. Pasteurella multocida is considered to be a less virulent bacteria than Mannheimia haemolytica, and for a higher level of infection need to initiate the inflammatory process in the respiratory tract of animals. Pathogenic strains of Pasteurella multocida serogroup A are a significant etiologic factor of severe enzootic pneumonia in dairy calves.
 Respiratory diseases caused by mycoplasma remain one of the serious infectious diseases of cattle. Mycoplasma bovis is the most invasive and dangerous mycoplasma for young cattle. This type of mycoplasma is usually present in the upper respiratory tract of clinically healthy calves who are bacterial carriers. When the zootechnical conditions of brieding and feeding the calves are disturbed and for other stress factors there is an active proliferation of mycoplasmas and they successfully colonize the lower respiratory tract of the animals, causing an inflammatory process in the lungs.
 Other commensal bacteria of the upper respiratory tract, Histophilus somni, can cause pneumonia that usually occurs in subacute or chronic form. The pathogenic forms of this bacteria are often isolated together with Mannheimia hemolytica.
 Other opportunistic bacteria (Arcanobacterium pyogenes, Streptococcus pneumoniae, Staphylococcus aureus, Chlamydiales spp., Fusobacterium necrophorum, Corynebacterium bovis) may be etiological factors for the development of BRD.
 Depending on the etiologic agent, the clinical symptoms of calf bronchopneumonia have some specificity, herewith the degree of lung damage depends on the duration of the disease and the virulence of the pathogen.
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16

YOSHIMURA, KUNIHIKO. "Gene therapy for inheritance respiratory tract diseases." Japanese Journal of Clinical Immunology 19, no. 6 (1996): 645–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.2177/jsci.19.645.

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17

OGAWA, HIROSHI, KAZUHIRO HASHIGUCHI, YUKUMASA KAZUYAMA, HATSUMI MASUDA, and YOSHIJI YAMAZAKI. "Respiratory tract diseases due to Chlamydia pneumoniae." Nippon Jibiinkoka Gakkai Kaiho 94, no. 3 (1991): 351–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.3950/jibiinkoka.94.351.

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18

Taylor, Michael. "Endoscopic diagnosis of avian respiratory tract diseases." Seminars in Avian and Exotic Pet Medicine 6, no. 4 (1997): 187–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1055-937x(97)80004-7.

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19

Reuter, Hans D. "Phytomedicines for respiratory tract diseases. 1st edition." Phytomedicine 11, no. 6 (2004): 556. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.phymed.2004.06.002.

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20

Origgi, Francesco C., and Elliott R. Jacobson. "Diseases of the Respiratory Tract of Chelonians." Veterinary Clinics of North America: Exotic Animal Practice 3, no. 2 (2000): 537–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1094-9194(17)30088-9.

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21

Takahashi, Kenzo. "Addressing respiratory tract diseases: Our way forward." Pediatrics International 60, no. 1 (2018): 3. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/ped.13466.

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22

Belov, B. S., D. V. Bukhanova, and G. M. Tarasova. "Lower respiratory tract infections in rheumatic diseases." Modern Rheumatology Journal 12, no. 1 (2018): 47–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.14412/1996-7012-2018-1-47-54.

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23

Knutsen, Alan P., Robert K. Bush, Jeffrey G. Demain, et al. "Fungi and allergic lower respiratory tract diseases." Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology 129, no. 2 (2012): 280–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jaci.2011.12.970.

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24

Jeong, Jin Hyeok. "Nasal Nitric Oxide in the Upper Airway Inflammatory Diseases." Journal of Rhinology 28, no. 2 (2021): 81–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.18787/jr.2021.00361.

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Exhaled nitric oxide (eNO) from the lower respiratory tract is used commonly in diagnosis and treatment monitoring of asthma patients. However, nasal nitric oxide (nNO) has not been widely used in patients with upper airway inflammatory diseases due to its lack of standardized measurement methods. Nasal nitric oxide is produced mainly by the paranasal sinus mucosa and partially by the nasal mucosa and increases with inflammation. Nasal nitric oxide not only locally supports the defensive mechanism of the upper respiratory tract, but also remotely controls pulmonary function by acting as an aerocrine. Nasal NO can be affected by various physiologic and pathologic factors of the upper respiratory tract. This article will review the origin of nNO, its function, various measurement methods, and difference in presentation among upper respiratory tract inflammatory diseases such as allergic rhinitis, upper respiratory tract infection, nasal polyp, rhinosinusitis, primary ciliary dyskinesia, cystic fibrosis, Young’s syndrome, diffuse panbronchiolitis, empty nose syndrome, and obstructive sleep apnea. Future studies should identify the mechanism of action of nNO in various upper respiratory tract inflammatory diseases and obtain highly reproducible normal values of nNO based on a standardized measurement method with a deeper understanding of factors affecting nNO. Then, nNO will be useful for more rapid and simpler diagnosis of various upper respiratory tract diseases and for monitoring their treatment.
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25

Cuppari, Caterina, Maria Concetta Cutrupi, Annamaria Salpietro, et al. "Genetic Anomalies of the Respiratory Tract." Current Respiratory Medicine Reviews 15, no. 3 (2020): 221–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1573398x15666191022100525.

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Hereditary lung diseases can affect the airways, parenchyma and vasculature of the lung. Such diseases comprehend simple monogenic disorders such as Kartagener syndrome and α1-antitrypsin deficiency, in which mutations of critical genes are sufficient to induce well‐defined disease phenotypes. A major comprehension of the genetic basis of pulmonary diseases has produced new investigations into their underlying pathophysiology and contributed sometimes to clarify on more frequent sporadic forms. The presence of these structural abnormalities of the respiratory tract can be fatal, so that the identification of causative genes has allowed prenatal diagnosis for many diseases giving a greater hope of survival thanks to a more adequate and prompt management.
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26

Emine, Çatalkaya. "Endoscopic Examination of the Obstructive Upper Respiratory Diseases." International Journal of Veterinary and Animal Research 5, no. 3 (2022): 134–38. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7443712.

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Obstructive upper respiratory tract diseases are an important cause of poor performance in racehorses. Diagnosis of these diseases can be made easily by endoscopic examination. The aim of this study is to emphasize the frequently encountered obstructive respiratory tract diseases in the endoscopic examination of the upper respiratory tract in thoroughbred Arabian and British racehorses and the importance of endoscopic examination in the diagnosis of these diseases. The study material consisted of 72 horses (37 Arabian, 35 British horses) between the ages of 2-7 who had no respiratory complaints at rest, but had low racing and training performance. No pathology was detected in 32 (44.44%) of 72 horses who underwent clinical and endoscopic examination. it was detected that 19 (47.5%) palatal instability, 10 (25%) dorsal displacement of the soft palate (DDSP), 8 (20%) pharyngeal lymphoid hyperplasia, 2 (5%) laryngeal hemiplegia, 1 (2.5%) subepiglottic cyst of the remaining horses. As a result, it should be considered that there may be obstructive respiratory tract problems in horses that have a very good general health status at rest and show low racing and training performance. In addition, clinical examination in these horses should be supported by an upper respiratory tract endoscopic examination.
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27

File, Thomas M. "Lower Respiratory Tract Infections." Infectious Disease Clinics of North America 18, no. 4 (2004): xiii—xiv. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.idc.2004.08.005.

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28

Bergogne-Bérézin, E. "SESSION II RESPIRATORY TRACT INFECTIONS ANTIBIOTIC THERAPY IN INPATIENT RESPIRATORY TRACT INFECTIONS." Infectious Diseases in Clinical Practice 3 (May 1994): S153–160. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00019048-199405001-00006.

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29

Collins, James K., Rue Jensen, George H. Smith, et al. "Association of bovine respiratory syncytial virus with atypical interstitial pneumonia in feedlot cattle." American Journal of Veterinary Research 49, no. 7 (1988): 1045–49. https://doi.org/10.2460/ajvr.1988.49.07.1045.

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SUMMARY Thirty-three cattle with fatal respiratory tract disease were examined for gross and histologic lesions and for the presence of viral and bacterial agents in the lungs. Fifteen cattle had lesions characteristic of atypical interstitial pneumonia (aip), and 18 had other respiratoiy tract diseases, including infectious bovine rhinotracheitis, shipping fever pneumonia, bronchopneumonia, pulmonary abscess, and edema of the trachea. Gross necropsy findings in the cattle with aip were uncollapsed and emphysematous lungs; histopathologic findings included interstitial edema, thickening of alveolar walls, hyaline membrane formation, and hyperplasia of type-II pneumonocytes. The infective agents found in the lungs of the 33 cattle included bovine respiratory syncytial virus, bovine herpesvirus type 1, Pasteurella sp, mycoplasmas, and Corynebacterium pyogenes. Bovine respiratory syncytial virus was detected by use of immunofluorescence and immunoperoxidase on lung tissue sections; bovine herpesvirus type 1 was detected by these techniques and by isolation of the virus. Bovine respiratoiy syncytial virus was significantly (P = 0.01) associated with lesions of aip (11 of 15), compared with those of other respiratory tract diseases (5 of 18).
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30

Alharbi, Samar, Abdullah Alshehri, Sayed Neama, et al. "An Overview of Acute Bronchitis and Upper Respiratory Tract Infections." Journal of Healthcare Sciences 03, no. 01 (2023): 58–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.52533/johs.2023.30110.

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A variety of viruses and bacteria can cause upper respiratory tract infections. These cause a variety of patient diseases including acute bronchitis, the common cold, influenza, and respiratory distress syndromes. Defining most of these patient diseases is difficult because the presentations connected with upper respiratory tract infections commonly overlap and their causes are similar. Upper respiratory tract infections are characterized as self-limiting irritation and oedema of the upper respiratory tract, along with coughing and no evidence of pneumonia, in a patient without a background of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, emphysema, or chronic bronchitis or any other disease that would contribute to their symptomology. A typical upper respiratory tract infection includes an organism directly invading the membrane of the upper respiratory tract. Acute bronchitis is a medical term that refers to a self-limiting pulmonary inflammation which is marked by cough but not pneumonia. It is believed that acute bronchitis is an inflammatory reaction to infectious diseases of the bronchial epithelium.
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31

Patel, Dikesh Kumar Thakorbhai, Kumar Panjibhai Ganvit Manoj, and Kumar Rajendrabhai Chaudhary Minesh. "Study of Clinical Profile of Respiratory Diseases in Geriatric Population." International Journal of Pharmaceutical and Clinical Research 16, no. 1 (2024): 1766–68. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11140943.

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Geriatric individuals are more susceptible to different infections, especially respiratory-tract infections (RTIs) due to their compromised immune system. Hence, the objectives was to study the profile of respiratory diseases in geriatric population attending a tertiary care centre. Geriatric patients, those consenting, with respiratory complaints attending Department of Respiratory Medicine, were taken up for study. 200 patients were included in study, 120 males and 80 females. 30% patients were of Upper Respiratory Tract Infection, 24% cases were of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease, 10% were of Bronchial Asthma, 8% Pulmonary Tuberculosis. Inpatient Diagnosis of Respiratory Diseases were 31.66% Acute Exacerbation  of COPD, 13.3% Pneumonia, 11.66% Pleural Diseases, 18.33% Carcinoma Lung. Respiratory  infections and their complications, consisting of Upper Respiratory Tract Infection, Acute Bronchitis, Community Acquired Pneumonia, Pulmonary Tuberculosis and  its sequelae, constitute the major respiratory morbidity among geriatric population attending this tertiary care center.    
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32

Patel, Dikesh Kumar Thakorbhai, Kumar Panjibhai Ganvit Manoj, and Kumar Rajendrabhai Chaudhary Minesh. "Study of Clinical Profile of Respiratory Diseases in Geriatric Population." International Journal of Pharmaceutical and Clinical Research 15, no. 10 (2024): 1575–77. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11312183.

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Geriatric individuals are more susceptible to different infections, especially respiratory-tract infections (RTIs) due to their compromised immune system. Hence, the objectives was to study the profile of respiratory diseases in geriatric population attending a tertiary care centre. Geriatric patients, those consenting, with respiratory complaints attending Department of Respiratory Medicine, were taken up for study. 200 patients were included in study, 120 males and 80 females. 30% patients were of Upper Respiratory Tract Infection, 24% cases were of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease, 10 % were of Bronchial Asthma, 8% Pulmonary Tuberculosis. Inpatient Diagnosis of Respiratory Diseases were 31.66% Acute Exacerbation  of COPD, 13.3% Pneumonia, 11.66% Pleural Diseases, 18.33% Carcinoma Lung. Respiratory  infections and their complications, consisting of Upper Respiratory Tract Infection, Acute Bronchitis, Community Acquired Pneumonia, Pulmonary Tuberculosis and  its sequelae, constitute the major respiratory morbidity among geriatric population attending this tertiary care center.    
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33

Murphy, Timothy F., Aimee L. Brauer, Charmaine Kirkham, Antoinette Johnson, Mary Koszelak-Rosenblum, and Michael G. Malkowski. "Role of the Zinc Uptake ABC Transporter of Moraxella catarrhalis in Persistence in the Respiratory Tract." Infection and Immunity 81, no. 9 (2013): 3406–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/iai.00589-13.

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ABSTRACTMoraxella catarrhalisis a human respiratory tract pathogen that causes otitis media in children and lower respiratory tract infections in adults with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. We have identified and characterized a zinc uptake ABC transporter that is present in all strains ofM. catarrhalistested. A mutant in which theznugene cluster is knocked out shows markedly impaired growth compared to the wild type in medium that contains trace zinc; growth is restored to wild-type levels by supplementing medium with zinc but not with other divalent cations. Thermal-shift assays showed that the purified recombinant substrate binding protein ZnuA binds zinc but does not bind other divalent cations. Invasion assays with human respiratory epithelial cells demonstrated that the zinc ABC transporter ofM. catarrhalisis critical for invasion of respiratory epithelial cells, an observation that is especially relevant because an intracellular reservoir ofM. catarrhalisis present in the human respiratory tract and this reservoir is important for persistence. Theznuknockout mutant showed marked impairment in its capacity to persist in the respiratory tract compared to the wild type in a mouse pulmonary clearance model. We conclude that the zinc uptake ABC transporter mediates uptake of zinc in environments with very low zinc concentrations and is critical for full virulence ofM. catarrhalisin the respiratory tract in facilitating intracellular invasion of epithelial cells and persistence in the respiratory tract.
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34

Krejci, J., K. Nechvatalova, M. Blahutkova, and M. Faldyna. "The respiratory tract in pigs and its immune system: a review." Veterinární Medicína 58, No. 4 (2013): 206–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/6759-vetmed.

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The growing amount of information regarding mucosal immunology in animals resulted from a need to better understand the pathogenesis of diseases entering the body through mucosa surfaces, including the respiratory tract. The second reason for such studies is associated with a search for alternative ways of vaccine application, including delivery to the mucosa of the respiratory tract. This review provides a structural and functional description of the immune system of the pig respiratory tract.  
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35

TAKAJI, TETSUO. "Perioperative control for patients with respiratory tract diseases." JOURNAL OF JAPAN SOCIETY FOR CLINICAL ANESTHESIA 16, no. 2 (1996): 128–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.2199/jjsca.16.128.

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36

Dolezalova, Pavla, and Petr Kotatko. "Respiratory Tract Manifestations of Rheumatic Diseases in Children." Current Respiratory Medicine Reviews 5, no. 3 (2009): 126–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/157339809788922333.

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37

Derbeneva, M. L., and A. L. Guseva. "ANTIBIOTIC THERAPY FOR ACUTE UPPER RESPIRATORY TRACT DISEASES." Medical Council, no. 11 (January 1, 2017): 44–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.21518/2079-701x-2017-11-44-47.

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38

Zwart, P. "Diseases of the respiratory tract in psittacine birds." Veterinary Quarterly 17, sup1 (1995): 52–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/01652176.1995.9694598.

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39

Lemanske, Robert F. "Gene by environment interactions in respiratory tract diseases." Paediatric Respiratory Reviews 7 (January 2006): S88—S89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.prrv.2006.04.165.

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40

Ben Ayed, Houda, Sourour Yaïch, Maïssa Ben Jmaa, et al. "Pediatric respiratory tract diseases: Chronological trends and perspectives." Pediatrics International 60, no. 1 (2017): 76–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/ped.13418.

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41

Burkin, A. V., V. M. Svistushkin, G. N. Nikiforova, and A. S. Dukhanin. "Glucosaminylmuramyl dipeptide in treatment of respiratory tract diseases." Vestnik otorinolaringologii 84, no. 6 (2019): 118. http://dx.doi.org/10.17116/otorino201984061118.

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42

Gałązka-Franta, Anna, Edyta Jura-Szołtys, Wojciech Smółka, and Radosław Gawlik. "Upper Respiratory Tract Diseases in Athletes in Different Sports Disciplines." Journal of Human Kinetics 53, no. 1 (2016): 99–106. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/hukin-2016-0014.

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AbstractUpper respiratory tract diseases in athletes are a very common medical problem. Training conditions in different sports disciplines increase the risk of upper respiratory disease. Epidemiological evidence suggests that heavy acute or chronic exercise is related to an increased incidence of upper respiratory tract infections in athletes. Regular physical exercise at high intensity may lead to transient immunosuppression due to high prevalence of allergic diseases in athletes. Regardless of the cause they can exclude athletes from the training program and significantly impair their performance. In the present work, the most common upper respiratory tract diseases in athletes taking into account the disciplines in which they most often occur were presented. The focus was laid on symptoms, diagnostic methods and pharmacotherapy. Moreover, preventive procedures which can help reduce the occurrence of upper respiratory tract disease in athletes were presented. Management according to anti-doping rules, criteria for return to training and competition as an important issues of athlete’s health were discussed.
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43

Jaber, Raja. "Respiratory and allergic diseases: from upper respiratory tract infections to asthma." Primary Care: Clinics in Office Practice 29, no. 2 (2002): 231–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0095-4543(01)00008-2.

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44

Hollenhorst, Monika I., and Gabriela Krasteva-Christ. "Nicotinic Acetylcholine Receptors in the Respiratory Tract." Molecules 26, no. 20 (2021): 6097. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules26206097.

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Nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChR) are widely distributed in neuronal and non-neuronal tissues, where they play diverse physiological roles. In this review, we highlight the recent findings regarding the role of nAChR in the respiratory tract with a special focus on the involvement of nAChR in the regulation of multiple processes in health and disease. We discuss the role of nAChR in mucociliary clearance, inflammation, and infection and in airway diseases such as asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, and cancer. The subtype diversity of nAChR enables differential regulation, making them a suitable pharmaceutical target in many diseases. The stimulation of the α3β4 nAChR could be beneficial in diseases accompanied by impaired mucociliary clearance, and the anti-inflammatory effect due to an α7 nAChR stimulation could alleviate symptoms in diseases with chronic inflammation such as chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and asthma, while the inhibition of the α5 nAChR could potentially be applied in non-small cell lung cancer treatment. However, while clinical studies targeting nAChR in the airways are still lacking, we suggest that more detailed research into this topic and possible pharmaceutical applications could represent a valuable tool to alleviate the symptoms of diverse airway diseases.
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45

Amirov, R. Z. "Smell for some lorrhea diseases." Kazan medical journal 43, no. 3 (2021): 76–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.17816/kazmj84082.

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The state of smell was determined in chronic tonsillitis, rheumatism, acute catarrh of the upper respiratory tract, influenza, sinusitis, vasomotor rhinitis, curvature of the nasal septum, otogenic brain abscess, otitis media, concussion. For the study, we used the olfactometers developed by us, into which air is pumped by an air blower and further through the tube enters the respiratory tract of the subject. In the device, a different concentration of an odorous substance necessary for research is created. The subject has a sensation of smell and its disappearance.
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46

Chunxi, Li, Liu Haiyue, Lin Yanxia, Pan Jianbing, and Su Jin. "The Gut Microbiota and Respiratory Diseases: New Evidence." Journal of Immunology Research 2020 (July 31, 2020): 1–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2020/2340670.

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Human body surfaces, such as the skin, intestines, and respiratory and urogenital tracts, are colonized by a large number of microorganisms, including bacteria, fungi, and viruses, with the gut being the most densely and extensively colonized organ. The microbiome plays an essential role in immune system development and tissue homeostasis. Gut microbiota dysbiosis not only modulates the immune responses of the gastrointestinal (GI) tract but also impacts the immunity of distal organs, such as the lung, further affecting lung health and respiratory diseases. Here, we review the recent evidence of the correlations and underlying mechanisms of the relationship between the gut microbiota and common respiratory diseases, including asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), cystic fibrosis (CF), lung cancer, and respiratory infection, and probiotic development as a therapeutic intervention for these diseases.
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47

Baindara, Piyush, Sriradha Ganguli, Ranadhir Chakraborty, and Santi M. Mandal. "Preventing Respiratory Viral Diseases with Antimicrobial Peptide Master Regulators in the Lung Airway Habitat." Clinics and Practice 13, no. 1 (2023): 125–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/clinpract13010012.

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The vast surface area of the respiratory system acts as an initial site of contact for microbes and foreign particles. The whole respiratory epithelium is covered with a thin layer of the airway and alveolar secretions. Respiratory secretions contain host defense peptides (HDPs), such as defensins and cathelicidins, which are the best-studied antimicrobial components expressed in the respiratory tract. HDPs have an important role in the human body’s initial line of defense against pathogenic microbes. Epithelial and immunological cells produce HDPs in the surface fluids of the lungs, which act as endogenous antibiotics in the respiratory tract. The production and action of these antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) are critical in the host’s defense against respiratory infections. In this study, we have described all the HDPs secreted in the respiratory tract as well as how their expression is regulated during respiratory disorders. We focused on the transcriptional expression and regulation mechanisms of respiratory tract HDPs. Understanding how HDPs are controlled throughout infections might provide an alternative to relying on the host’s innate immunity to combat respiratory viral infections.
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48

Klugman, Keith P., and Charles Feldman. "Streptococcus pneumoniae respiratory tract infections." Current Opinion in Infectious Diseases 14, no. 2 (2001): 173–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00001432-200104000-00011.

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49

Fass, Robert J. "SESSION II RESPIRATORY TRACT INFECTIONS." Infectious Diseases in Clinical Practice 3 (May 1994): S138–144. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00019048-199405001-00004.

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50

Bassaris, Harry P. "SESSION II RESPIRATORY TRACT INFECTIONS." Infectious Diseases in Clinical Practice 3 (May 1994): S145–152. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00019048-199405001-00005.

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