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Academic literature on the topic 'Respirometer'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 20 February 2023

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Journal articles on the topic "Respirometer"

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Lear, Karissa O., Nicholas M. Whitney, Lauran R. Brewster, and Adrian C. Gleiss. "Treading water: respirometer choice may hamper comparative studies of energetics in fishes." Marine and Freshwater Research 70, no. 3 (2019): 437. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/mf18182.

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Measuring the metabolic rate of animals is an essential part of understanding their ecology, behaviour and life history. Respirometry is the standard method of measuring metabolism in fish, but different respirometry methods and systems can result in disparate measurements of metabolic rate, a factor often difficult to quantify. Here we directly compare the results of two of the most common respirometry systems used in elasmobranch studies, a Steffensen-style flume respirometer and an annular static respirometer. Respirometry trials with juvenile lemon sharks Negaprion brevirostris were run in both systems under the same environmental conditions and using the same individuals. Relationships between metabolic rate, swimming speed, overall dynamic body acceleration (ODBA) and tail beat frequency (TBF) were compared between the two systems. The static respirometer elicited higher TBF and ODBA for a given swimming speed compared with the flume respirometer, although it produced relationships between kinematic parameters that were more similar to those observed in free-swimming animals. Metabolic rates and swimming speeds were higher for the flume respirometer. Therefore, although flume respirometers are necessary for many types of controlled laboratory studies, static respirometers may elicit lower stress and produce results that are more applicable to fish in wild systems.

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Hoegh-Guldberg, O., and D. Manahan. "Coulometric measurement of oxygen consumption during development of marine invertebrate embryos and larvae." Journal of Experimental Biology 198, no. 1 (January 1, 1995): 19–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1242/jeb.198.1.19.

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Determining the metabolic rate of larval invertebrates from aquatic habitats is complicated by the problems of small size and the scarcity of suitable measurement techniques. In this study, coulometric respirometry (a new technique for the study of marine embryos and larvae) was used to explore several issues associated with the rate of energy use during embryonic and larval development of marine invertebrates from three phyla. Coulometric respirometry measures rates of oxygen consumption under normoxic conditions by electrochemically replacing the oxygen consumed by organisms during an experiment. This technique is based on the assumption that all electrons consumed by the anodic reactions result in the production of oxygen. We verify this assumption using direct measurements of oxygen production and show that the technique is sensitive enough (1 nmol O2 h-1) to quantify the oxygen consumption of a single individual swimming freely in a relatively large volume (2 ml). Continuous measurements can span days, and embryos in the coulometric respiration chambers develop to the larval stage at normal rates of differentiation. Measurements of metabolic rates were made with the coulometric respirometer during the complete life-span of larvae of three species (asteroid, Asterina miniata; bivalve, Crassostrea gigas; echinoid, Dendraster excentricus). For these species, metabolic power equations had mass exponents near unity (0.91.1), showing that metabolic rate scales isometrically with mass during larval growth. Metabolic rates were independent of the concentration of larvae used in the respirometer chambers for a range of larval concentrations from 4 to 400 larvae ml-1 (coulometric respirometer) and from 241 to 809 larvae ml-1 (polarographic oxygen sensor). Metabolic rates were measured using coulometric respirometry and two other commonly used techniques, polarographic oxygen sensors and Winkler's titration. Polarographic oxygen sensors in small, sealed chambers (100 µl) consistently gave the lowest values (by as much as 80 %) for the asteroid, echinoid and molluscan larvae. By comparison, rates of oxygen consumption measured using coulometric respirometry and Winkler's titration (to measure the change in oxygen concentration over time) were similar and consistently higher. Although the polarographic oxygen sensor is the most widely used method for measuring the metabolism of small animals in sealed 1001000 µl chambers, it appears that the metabolism of some larvae is adversely affected by the conditions within these respirometers.

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Lucas, M. C., A. D. F. Johnstone, and J. Tang. "AN ANNULAR RESPIROMETER FOR MEASURING AEROBIC METABOLIC RATES OF LARGE, SCHOOLING FISHES." Journal of Experimental Biology 175, no. 1 (February 1, 1993): 325–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1242/jeb.175.1.325.

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Aerobic metabolic rates of fish at controlled levels of activity are usually measured with individual fish isolated in a flume-type respirometer, in which the fish must swim against a known water velocity (Brett, 1964; Beamish, 1978; Gehrke et al. 1990). Their use for large and fast- swimming fish is difficult owing to engineering problems and water turbulence and because swimming in the confined test section of the respirometer affects the performance of the fish. Some of these problems have been partially dealt with by applying corrections to compensate for the altered water flow around the body of the fish (Webb, 1971) and by developing highly sophisticated flume respirometers (Gehrke et al. 1990).

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Venosa, Albert D., David J. Feldhake, Edith L. Holder, and Karen M. Koran. "Biodegradability of Orimulsion in Saltwater and Freshwater Environments1." International Oil Spill Conference Proceedings 2003, no. 1 (April 1, 2003): 663–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.7901/2169-3358-2003-1-663.

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ABSTRACT Shake flask and respirometer experiments were executed to test the biodegradability of Orimulsion in freshwater and saltwater. For each experimental setup, two concentrations of the Orimulsion and the appropriate bacterial inoculum were added to artificial seawater and freshwater solutions, and the concentrations of Orimulsion hydrocarbons were monitored with time. Respirometers were used to monitor oxygen (O2) uptake and carbon dioxide (CO2) evolution to determine when to sample the shake flasks. Sampling of shake flasks occurred periodically by sacrificing triplicate flasks for each treatment. Residual hydrocarbons were extracted with dichloromethane and quantified by gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC/MS). The respirometry flasks were sacrificed on the last shake-flask sampling event and similarly evaluated for residual hydrocarbon content and for Microtox toxicity. Data reported confirm literature citations that Orimulsion is indeed biodegradable, at least to some extent. In the 10 g/L freshwater treatment, normal and branched alkanes present were degraded by 83.6% and PAHs by 59.8% after 183 days of incubation. In saltwater, the extent of alkane and PAH degradation was 93.5% and 81.4% after 183 days. Implications for cleanup are discussed.

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Beaudry, Randolph M., and Niti Dube. "132 A PERMEABLE MEMBRANE RESPIROMETER." HortScience 29, no. 5 (May 1994): 447d—447. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.29.5.447d.

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The dynamic physiological processes of CO2 production, O2 uptake and ethylene synthesis for ripening tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum L.) and banana (M usa sp. cv `Valery') fruit were measured using a novel approach. Fruit were sealed in low density polyethylene pouches of known permeability to O2, CO2 and C2H4. The flux of these gases during the climacteric was closely tracked by their respective partial pressure in the headspace of the pouches. Some limitations in application exist due to modification of the atmosphere (primarily O2) within the pouch, however, the system provides some distinct advantages. These include the absence of gas handling equipment, measurement of O2 uptake despite high background levels of O2, measurement of the respiratory quotient, and measurement of low rates of ethylene production. Compared to low-flow, flow-through respirometers, this type of respirometer has the potential to permit the accumulation of several-fold higher levels of some gases due to the property of differential gas permeabilities possessed by polymer films.

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Lukasse, Leo, Karel Keesman, Henri Spanjers, and Michiel Bloemen. "Diagnosis and Identification of Respirometer Dynamics and Sludge Kinetics in Continuous-Flow Respirometers." Water Environment Research 72, no. 3 (May 2000): 340–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.2175/106143000x137563.

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Zhang, Xin, Daijun Zhang, Peili Lu, Cui Bai, and Pengying Xiao. "Monitoring the nitrification and identifying the endpoint of ammonium oxidation by using a novel system of titrimetry." Water Science and Technology 64, no. 11 (December 1, 2011): 2246–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.2011.798.

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Based on the structure of the hybrid respirometer previously developed in our group, a novel implementation for titrimetry was developed, in which two pH electrodes were installed at the inlet and outlet of the measuring cell. The software capable of digital filtering and titration time delay correction was developed in LabVIEW. The hardware and software of the titrimeter and the respirometer were integrated to construct a novel system of respirometry–titrimetry. The system was applied to monitor a batch nitrification process. The obtained profiles of oxygen uptake rate (OUR) and hydrogen ion production rate (HPR) are consistent with each other and agree with the principle of the biological nitrification reaction. According to the OUR and HPR measurements, the oxidized ammonium concentrations were estimated accurately. Furthermore, the endpoint of ammonium oxidation was identified with much higher sensitivity by the HPR measurement. The system could be potentially used for on-line monitoring of biochemical reactions occurring in any kind of bioreactors because its measuring cell is completely independent of the bioreactor.

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Giroux, É. Y., H. Spanjers, G. G. Patry, and I. Takács. "Dynamic modelling for operational design of a respirometer." Water Science and Technology 33, no. 1 (January 1, 1996): 297–309. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.1996.0030.

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The purpose of this paper is to demonstrate how dynamic modelling and simulation can effectively be used to assess the operation of an on-site respirometer. A dynamic model of the respirometer was developed using the General Purpose Simulator (GPS-X). The approach is appropriate for operational design of the respirometer in allowing the user to experiment with the instrument, through simulation, before it is actually operated. The model was able to replicate the operational modes of the respirometer. The dynamic model was found to be particularly useful in assessing difficulties associated with multiple respiration rate calculations, the effect of temperature on the respiration rate, and the detection of the endogenous respiration rate.

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Bari, Agata J. I., Muslimin Ibrahim, and Yuliani Yuliani. "Pengembangan instrumen penilaian kinerja keterampilan membuat alat laboratorium respirometer sederhana." JPBIO (Jurnal Pendidikan Biologi) 5, no. 1 (April 7, 2020): 37–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.31932/jpbio.v5i1.581.

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Tidak tersedianya instrumen penilaian kinerja yang layak digunakan (valid, reliabel dan praktis) untuk mengukur hasil belajar siswa terutama pada materi respirasi hewan, menyebabkan guru hanya melakukan penilaian kognitif dan afektif. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk menghasilkan instrument penilaian kinerja membuat alat respirometer sederhana yang valid, reliabel dan praktis. Penelitian ini menggunakan model penelitian pengembangan yang dikembangkan oleh Borg & Gall. Validitas diperoleh dari hasil penilaian dua validator, reliabilitas dihitung menggunakan rumus Spearman Brown yang dibantu dengan SPSS 24, sedangkan kepraktisan instrumen dilihat dari keterlaksanaannya. Berdasarkan modus kategori validitas maka disimpulkan hasil validasi instrumen penilaian keterampilan kinerja membuat respirometer sederhana memiliki kategori valid dengan reliabilitas instrumen 0,96 sehingga dikategorikan reliabel, dan kepraktisan berdasarkan penilaian pengamatan sebesar 96,88%, dan angket guru sebesar 91,67% sehingga dikategorikan praktis.Kata kunci: Instrumen penilaian, kinerja, keterampilan, respirometer sederhana The development of skills performance laboratory assessment making simple respirometer instrument. The unavailability of appropriate performance appraisal instruments (valid, reliable and practical) to measure student learning outcomes, especially on animal respiration material, causes teachers to only conduct cognitive and affective assessments.The purpose of this study is to produce a performance appraisal instrument to make a simple, reliable and practical respirometer. This study uses a development model developed by Borg & Gall. Validity was obtained from the results of the assessment of two validators, reliability was calculated using the Spearman Brown formula which was assisted with SPSS 24, while the practicality of the instrument was seen from its implementation. Based on the validity category mode, it was concluded that the results of the validation of the performance skills assessment instrument made the respirometer simply have a valid category with an instrument reliability is 0.96 so that it was categorized as reliable, and practicality was based on an observer's assessment is 96.88%, and the teacher questionnaire is 91.67% so that it was categorized as practical.Keywords: Assessment instrument, the performance, skills, simple respirometer

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MOYLE, J. T. B. "A Kynar piezoelectric film respirometer." Anaesthesia 44, no. 4 (April 1989): 332–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2044.1989.tb11290.x.

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Respirometer"

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Stiller, Kevin Torben [Verfasser]. "The technical development and application of a recirculating aquaculture respirometer system (RARS) for fish metabolism studies / Kevin Torben Stiller." Kiel : Universitätsbibliothek Kiel, 2016. http://d-nb.info/1102933147/34.

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Santos, Elivânia Vasconcelos Moraes dos. "Estratégias para predominância de organismos acumuladores de fósforo em sistemas de lodo ativado e respirometria aplicada à biodesfosfatação." Universidade Estadual da Paraíba, 2014. http://tede.bc.uepb.edu.br/tede/jspui/handle/tede/2247.

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In recent years there has been an intensified studies on the biological removal of phosphorus from wastewater and as a result, a breakthrough in the understanding of the microbial groups involved in this process. This was possible due to the availability of different laboratory techniques for the identification and quantification of these organisms that often is associated with molecular biology. As part of sanitary engineering, new approaches can be inserted to enable the determination of operating parameters that support rational projects, such respirometry combined with mathematical modeling of microbial metabolisms. Furthermore, the possibility of identifying the predominance of phosphorus accumulating organisms (PAO) by means of techniques available and low cost is attractive in countries such as Brazil. For this reason, nine activated sludge systems were operated with different strategies to stimulate not only the predominance of PAO, in four of these systems as well as in other settings, the prevalence of other bacterial groups as glycogen storage batteries (GAO), heterotrophic ordinary (OHO) and mixed populations. Five tools based on physico-chemical and respirometric tests were used to assess the prevalence of different populations from stoichiometric ratios and kinetic data. The PAO predominance strategy that got the most attention in average temperature of 25°C, which consisted of a system that promoted denitrification via nitrite using exclusively propionate as organic carbon source. From the data obtained was built an array of predominance of PAO, also using mixed sludge, OHO and GAO comparatively. The results obtained in this study can be applied in rational models and optimized projects and support other biotechnological applications.
Nos últimos anos, tem havido uma intensificação de estudos sobre a remoção biológica de fósforo de águas residuárias e, como consequência, um avanço no conhecimento dos grupos microbianos envolvidos neste processo. Isso foi possível devido à disponibilidade de diferentes técnicas laboratoriais para a identificação e quantificação desses organismos que frequentemente encontra-se associada à biologia molecular. No âmbito da engenharia sanitária, novas abordagens podem ser inseridas para viabilizar a determinação de parâmetros operacionais que subsidiem projetos racionais, a exemplo da respirometria aliada à modelagem matemática de metabolismos microbianos. Além disso, a possibilidade de identificar a predominância de organismos acumuladores de fósforo (PAO) por meio de técnicas acessíveis e de baixo custo é atrativa para países como o Brasil. Por esse motivo, nove sistemas de lodo ativado foram operados com diferentes estratégias para estimular não só o predomínio de PAO, em quatro destes sistemas, bem como, nas demais configurações, a predominância de outros grupos bacterianos como acumuladores de glicogênio (GAO), heterotróficos ordinários (OHO) e populações mistas. Foram utilizadas cinco ferramentas com base em análises físico-químicas e testes respirométricos, para avaliar a predominância de populações diferentes a partir de relações estequiométricas e dados cinéticos. A estratégia de predominância de PAO que obteve maior destaque, em temperatura média de 25°C, foi a que consistia em um sistema que promovia desnitrificação via nitrito utilizando exclusivamente propionato como fonte de carbono orgânico. A partir dos dados obtidos foi construída uma matriz de predominância de PAO, utilizando também lodos mistos, OHO e GAO de forma comparativa. Os resultados obtidos neste trabalho poderão ser aplicados em modelos racionais e projetos otimizados e fundamentar outras aplicações biotecnológicas.

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Bower, Jenny H., of Western Sydney Hawkesbury University, of Science Technology and Environment College, and of Science Food and Horticulture School. "The relationship between respiration rate and storage life of fresh produce." THESIS_CSTE_SFH_Bower_J.xml, 2001. http://handle.uws.edu.au:8081/1959.7/110.

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This project examines whether there is a direct link between respiration and the rate of senescence of fresh produce. Treatments that increase the storage life of fresh products, such as cooling, modified atmospheres and semi-permeable coatings, often decrease respiration rates. This suggests that it may be possible to assess the effectiveness of a specific storage treatment in terms of its effect on reducing respiration. If this is so, total respiration during storage should sum to a constant regardless of changes in the storage conditions. Such an equivalence between 'respiration life' and storage life has been demonstrated in only a few cases. Respiration data from a wide range of published work was analysed from the viewpoint of testing this hypothesis. In general, the results were positive, with some reservations that were further investigated by experiment. In conclusion, respiration rate may be a guide to storage life for products that have clearly defined stages of senescence, and for which rots are not the primary cause of the end of acceptability. The development of the respirometer should make it possible to examine this relationship for many other commodities. However, while respiration may be a function of the rate of senescence under some circumstances, it is also affected by other factors. These include photosynthesis, attachment to the plant, and permeance to gases. Directions for future work therefore include the contribution of photosynthesis to fruit development, the effects of ethylene on respiration rates of non-climacteric fruit while attached to the plant, and interactions between ethylene synthesis and disease resistance
Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)

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Corriere, Mauro. "Effects of okadaic acid and dinophysistoxins on swimming and metabolic fitness of marine fish." Master's thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2019. http://amslaurea.unibo.it/18164/.

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Harmful algal blooms (HABs) are natural occurrences that can severely impact marine communities. Depending on the species, they can produce a wide array of toxins, which may elicit devastating effects on marine life. Diarrhetic Shellfish Poisoning (DSP) is a specific type of food poisoning, characterized by severe gastrointestinal illness due to the ingestion of filter feeding bivalves contaminated with a specific suite of toxins such as okadaic acid (OA) and dinophysistoxins (DTXs). OA and DTXs are lipophilic and heat-stable compounds that frequently accumulate in bivalve mollusks along European coasts. It is established that organisms such as bivalves accumulate these toxins in their tissues, mostly in the digestive gland, through their filter feeding behavior acting therefore as a vectors for other organisms such as planktivorous fish. Here, for the first time, the time course of accumulation and elimination of Diarrhetic shellfish toxins (DSTs) in juveniles of Zebra seabream (Diplodus cervinus) was assessed during an experimental period of 15 days. It was shown that fish present a high excretion rate and low toxin conversion, in fact no other compounds except for DTX-1 were found. Then fish aerobic metabolism and swimming performance were investigated, exposing individuals to OA group of toxins via dietary route during 3 days, after which fish were challenged with increasing swimming velocity trials using a swim tunnel respirometer. Results show that OA impaired on metabolic performance, assessed both during the standard metabolic rate (SMR) and during the maximum metabolic rate (MMR) as an oxygen consumption increment. Moreover, from critical swimming speed (Ucrit) analysis, significant differences among the two tested groups were observed. In conclusion, these studies show that fish can act temporary as a vector and, although a high elimination rate was found, at the same time toxins ingestion was able to impair their fitness.

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Lemaire, Cyril. "Identification des paramètres de bioprocédés environnementaux à partir des mesures accessibles issues de la respiration." Thesis, Compiègne, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015COMP2205/document.

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Les bioprocédés environnementaux prennent une place de plus en plus importante dans le paysage industriel mondial. La complexité et la diversité des processus impliqués dans les réactions biologiques de dégradation des polluants limitent considérablement la compréhension et l’utilisation de ces procédés. De plus, les mesures disponibles pour le suivi de cette activité sont souvent hors-ligne et/ou indirectes. Dans ce cadre, les outils de modélisation phénoménologique permettent, via le choix d’hypothèses judicieuses, de lier les observations du système aux processus biologiques sous-jacents. Ces méthodes nécessitent néanmoins l’application d’une étude rigoureuse d’identifiabilité afin de pouvoir exploiter correctement les résultats obtenus. Les modèles ainsi développés permettent de capitaliser des connaissances sur la description des processus biologiques grâce aux mesures effectuées sur le système. Cette approche a été développé au travers de deux cas d’étude, correspondant à deux domaines d’application industrielle. La bioremédiation des sols contaminés aux hydrocarbures constitue la méthode la plus écologique de traitement des sols. Néanmoins, le processus de biodégradation peut être long, voire inexistant en fonction des conditions environnementales. Afin de mesurer l’efficacité de la dégradation, la mesure de la respiration en phase gaz apparaît comme étant l’observation la plus facile à mettre en œuvre. Le problème est que la simple mesure de la consommation d’oxygène est généralement insuffisante. Pour répondre à cette limite, un modèle capable d’expliquer les évolutions du quotient respiratoire apparent grâce aux différentes étapes de la biodégradation a été développé. Cette mesure pourrait alors donner une indication sur l’efficacité de la biodégradation. La seconde partie de ce travail, plus conséquente, s’intéresse à l’épuration des eaux usées par boues activées, elle reprend et amplifie l’approche méthodologique développée pour la biomédiation des sols. L’efficacité de ce traitement des eaux est grandement liée à la production de boues en excès, exprimée par le rendement hétérotrophe. Ce paramètre difficile à maitriser constitue une information primordiale pour la modélisation et la conduite des stations d’épurations. Il apparaît néanmoins que sa définition usuelle ne suffit pas à expliquer ses variations observées. Dans ce cadre, différents modèles phénoménologiques issus des travaux du groupe de travail ASM (Activated Sludge Modeling) ont été étudiés afin de décrire les variations de ce rendement apparent en introduisant les hypothèses réactionnelles liées au stockage du substrat. Une étude expérimentale en laboratoire a permis de confronter ces hypothèses à des mesures de dégradation de substrats purs par des boues activées en respiromètre. L’équilibre entre le stockage du substrat et la croissance bactérienne a ainsi été proposé comme source d’influence majeure sur la valeur du rendement. Ce travail a abouti à une clarification nécessaire de la définition du rendement hétérotrophe
Environmental bioprocesses are gaining importance in the industrial landscape. Nevertheless, the complexity of mechanisms involved in biological reactions stays an issue for their implementation. Moreover, available measurements of biological activity are often off-tine and/or indirect. ln this context, phenomenological modeling tools are a solution to link observations of the system to underlying biological reactions, considering the right hypotheses. These methods require a rigorous sensitivity analysis in order to properly process the results. Thus, the models permit to obtain precise knowledge about biological systems thanks to indirect measurement. This approach was developed throughout two cases of study corresponding to two industrial fields of application. Bioremediation is the most ecological method for hydrocarbons contaminated soils remediation. Nevertheless, biodegradation can be long or absent depending on environmental conditions. In order to measure its efficiency, respiration measurement in the gas phase seems to be the easiest observation to implement. Oxygen measurement can be insufficient on its own, that is why a model able to describe the evolution of the apparent respiratory quotient has been developed considering the different steps of biodegradation. This observation alone could give insights on the efficiency of biodegradation. The second part of this work deals with activated sludge wastewater treatment using the theoretical approach developed for soil bioremediation. The eftïciency ofthe process depends on the excess production of sludge, which is linked to the heterotrophic yield of the reaction. This parameter is a key component for modeling and optimization of wastewater treatment plant. Most of the time, its common definition is not sufficient to explain its observed variations. In this context, several phenomenological models derived from the activated sludge models were studied to explain these variations, taking into account the substrate storage process. An experimental study was conducted in order to confront the reactional hypothesis of the models to actual measurements of single substrate degradations in respirometer. The balance between substrate storage and direct growth was proposed as a main component of the yield value. This study resulted in a necessary clarification of the heterotrophic yield definition

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Nguyen, Khanh. "Evaluation of respirometry-based control strategies for the activated sludge process by computer simulation." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1999. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk1/tape8/PQDD_0002/MQ46599.pdf.

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Gratl, Alexandra [Verfasser]. "High-resolution respirometry for measurement of mitochondrial function in PAD patients before and after revascularisation : a pilot study / Alexandra Gratl." Berlin : Medizinische Fakultät Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, 2018. http://d-nb.info/1176632396/34.

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Sousa, Othavio Luis de. "Tratamento do líquido gerado no beneficiamento da casca de coco verde em sistema de lodos ativados." Universidade de São Paulo, 2007. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/18/18138/tde-06112007-200110/.

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O principal impacto ambiental do processo de beneficiamento da casca de coco verde é a geração de resíduo líquido com elevada carga orgânica. Este trabalho teve como objetivo aplicar o sistema convencional de lodos ativados para o tratamento biológico do líquido gerado no beneficiamento da casca de coco verde, além de utilizar o teste de taxa de consumo de oxigênio (TCO) para avaliar a toxicidade do efluente ao lodo aeróbio. O reator de escala laboratorial foi inoculado com lodo proveniente de uma estação de tratamento de esgoto em escala plena. Inicialmente o sistema foi alimentado com efluente sintético contendo sacarose e nutrientes para posterior adição progressiva do resíduo líquido proveniente da reciclagem da casca de coco verde. Para o ensaio de respirometria, as composições testadas foram 25, 50, 75 e 100% de resíduo líquido em termos de carga orgânica e o teste se baseou na medição manual da TCO ao longo do tempo. Para cada composição de efluente se verificou o valor máximo de TCO, o nível de toxicidade devido ao líquido da casca de coco verde (LCCV) e a indicação de inibição permanente. O parâmetro usado nos cálculos de toxicidade e de inibição permanente foi a taxa de consumo de oxigênio específica (TCOe) máxima. Para o monitoramento do sistema de fluxo contínuo, foram empregados os parâmetros pH, índice volumétrico de lodo (IVL), oxigênio dissolvido (OD), demanda química de oxigênio (DQO), taninos totais e sólidos suspensos. O reator foi operado com carga orgânica volumétrica (COV) de 0,8 a 2,9 gDQO/L.d e tempo de detenção hidráulica (TDH) de 26,7 d. Devido à presença natural de leveduras no resíduo líquido, os testes de respirometria foram realizados com o efluente tanto esterilizado quanto in natura. Como os resultados preliminares de respirometria não foram conclusivos, optou-se por começar a adaptação do reator de fluxo contínuo com a menor porcentagem testada: 25% de resíduo líquido. Nos testes adicionais de respirometria não houve toxicidade ao lodo e a TCOe foi diretamente proporcional à concentração de resíduo líquido. A remoção média de DQO obtida durante a operação (LCCV a 100%) foi de 81% com amostra filtrada e 82% com amostra bruta. Houve diminuição significativa da concentração de taninos, de 5332 para 1206 mg/L, em média. No início da operação ocorreu o decaimento da concentração de oxigênio dissolvido (OD) no reator para valores menores que 1 mg/L em decorrência do aumento da concentração de biomassa, mas esta situação não afetou a remoção de matéria orgânica e nem a sedimentabilidade do lodo. A remoção de matéria orgânica obtida com o tratamento em escala laboratorial do LCCV mostra que o sistema convencional de lodos ativados pode ser aplicado como alternativa no tratamento biológico dos resíduos líquidos do beneficiamento da casca de coco verde, porém a demanda elevada de oxigênio pode ser um entrave na operação em escala plena.
The main disadvantage of coconut recycling is the highly pollutant wastewater generated during the process. The objectives of this study were to treat the coconut husk liquor (CHL) using a conventional activated sludge system (AS) and to use the oxygen uptake rate (OUR) test for determining the initial effluent composition of reactor feeding and for wastewater toxicity assessment. The laboratory-scale reactor was inoculated with sludge from a full-scale sewage treatment plant. Firtly the system was fed with synthetic effluent containing saccarose and nutrients which was substituted by CHL. For the OUR test the substrate compositions were 25, 50, 75 and 100% of CHL. For each substrate composition, it was verified the maximum OUR value, the toxicity level and permanent inhibition caused by CHL. The maximal specific oxygen uptake rate (SOUR) was the parameter applied for the toxicity assessment and permanent inhibition calculation. The lab-scale reactor was monitored on the basis of pH, sludge volume index, dissolved oxygen, chemical oxygen demand (COD), total tannins and suspended solids. The respirometry assays were carried out with sterilized and natural effluent because of yeast contamination in CRW. Because of the lack of conclusive results in the first respirometry test, it was chosen the lower composition for reactor adaptation beginning: CRW 25%. In the additional OUR tests it was not detected toxicity and the SOUR values were as higher as CRW concentration. After initializing the reactor adaptation with CRW 25%, the percentage changed to 30% and than increased by 10% each 2 or 3 days until the operation beginning. The mean COD removal values were 81% (filtered sample) and 82% (raw sample). The mean tannin concentration decreased from 5332 to 1206 mg/L. The organic removal and sludge settleability were not affected by the DO concentration decrease to less than 1 mg/L due to biomass increase. The organic removal obtained in the lab-scale AS treatment shows that this system can be an alternative for CHL biological treatment, even though the high oxygen demand could be a disadvantage at full-scale treatment.

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Campo, Pablo. "Fate and Impact of Canola Oil in Aquatic Environments Under Aerobic Conditions." University of Cincinnati / OhioLINK, 2009. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ucin1258490154.

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Bergseije, Victor. "Effects of Heat Transfer Fluid from District Heating Networks on Activated Sludge : A respirometric analysis using a dilution series to assess disruption of biological treatment processes in wastewater treatment facilities." Thesis, Linnéuniversitetet, Institutionen för biologi och miljö (BOM), 2014. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:lnu:diva-34038.

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District heating has a long standing tradition in Sweden and today it is the most common way of producing and transporting heat. A District heating system (DH system) is divided into three parts: a production facility, distribution network (DH network) and one more heat stations. The heat produced in the facilities is distributed to the customers via a heat transfer medium, usually water (DH water), in piping networks that make up the DH network. The heat is transferred to the customers via the heat exchanger at which point they can use it as heated tap water or for heating purposes. The DH networks are often constructed in steel as it is cheap and a relatively resistant material. However it has the disadvantages of corrosion and expansions when it is exposed high temperatures which lead to damages in the DH network resulting in loss of the DH water, this is an unavoidable occurrence in any DH network. This results in addition of pollutants by leakages into the DH network or with the water that is used to compensate for the losses. The pollutants cause further corrosion, leading to metal contamination, and more damages on the DH network meaning there is a continuous degradation. Therefore various treatments are used to clean and ascertain an acceptable chemical environment in the DH systems. These treatments are effective but not at a level which is required so many chemicals are used to enhance the treatment of the water. Some of these are known to be toxic to humans and water ecosystems. As leakages are abundant and often end up in the WWTPs of the concerned municipality, which often have troubles with disturbances of the biological treatment, it was decided that an assessment of the toxic effects that DH water pose on activated sludge was to be investigated. This was done by testing water from two DH networks, Växjö and Kalmar, on the same activated sludge obtained from Tegelviken WWTP in Kalmar. A respirometric bioassay approach established by the Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD), OECD standard 209; OECD Guidelines for the Testing of Chemicals was used with changes made to exposure and measuring time as this decrease the risk of misinterpretation of the results. A dilution series using different concentrations (6.25%, 25% and 100%) of DH water was tested and compered to a blank control samples containing only activated sludge. Assessment of toxicity on total oxidation, oxidation carbon and oxidation of nitrogen was made. To get some idea of what might cause toxic effect samples of the waters was sent to outside laboratories for analyses of metals. The result from the bioassay and metal analysis was used to formulate risk factors associated with a DH water spill and exposure to WWTPs. It was found that both DH waters have a significant inhibition on nitrification in WWTPs. The DH water from Kalmar exhibited similar toxicity dynamics, roughly 20% inhibition, despite large differences in concentration. The DH water from Växjö showed a negative correlation between an increase in concentration of DH water and toxicity, 74% for the lowest concentration and 11% for the highest. The metal analysis concluded that there was no abundance of metal contamination which led to the inference that toxicity is probably caused by the chemicals used for treatment. This poses a great risk for the Baltic Ocean as many WWTPs release their treated water directly into water courses with a short detention time before reaching the sea.

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Books on the topic "Respirometer"

1

M, Cowan Robert, ed. Respirometry for environmental science and engineering. Springdale, Ark: SJ Enterprises, 2004.

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Respirometry of activated sludge. Lancaster, PA: Technomic Publishing Co., 1993.

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IAWQ Task Group on Respirometry. Respirometry in control of the activated sludge process: Principles. London: International Association on Water Quality, 1998.

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F, Gaudy Anthony, ed. Design and operation of activated sludge processes using respirometry. Boca Raton: Lewis Publishers, 1992.

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Painter, H. A. Ring test programme 1983-84: Assessment of biodegrability of chemicals in water by manometric respirometry. Luxembourg: Commission of the European Communities, 1985.

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Boening, Dean W. Evaluation of an automated respiration method used in assessing the toxicity of zinc on soil microorganisms. 1992.

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Ros, Milenko Ph D. Respirometry of Activated Sludge. CRC Press, 1993.

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Lighton, John R. B. Measuring Metabolic Rates. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198830399.001.0001.

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Measuring Metabolic Rates demystifies the field of metabolic rate measurement, explaining every common variation of the art, from century-old manometric methods through ingenious syringe-based techniques, direct calorimetry, aquatic respirometry, stable-isotope metabolic measurement, and every type of flow-through respirometry. Each variation is described in enough detail to allow it to be applied in practice. Special chapters are devoted to metabolic phenotyping and human metabolic measurement, including room calorimetry. Background information on different analyzer and equipment types allows users to choose the best instruments for their application. Respirometry equations—normally a topic of terror and confusion to researchers—are derived and described in enough detail to make their selection and use effortless. Tools and skills—many of them open source—that will amplify the innovative researcher’s capabilities are described. Vital topics such as manual and automated baselining, implementing multi-animal systems, common pitfalls, and the correct analysis and presentation of metabolic data are covered in enough detail to turn a respirometry neophyte into a hardened metabolic warrior, ready to take on the task of publication in peer-reviewed journals with confidence.

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Respirometry of Activated Sludge Process (Scientific & Technical Report). Other, 2001.

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Copp. Respirometry in Control of the Activated Sludge Process: Benchmarking Control Strategies PLUS Respirometry in Control of the Activated Sludge Process: Principles (Scientific & Technical Reports). IWA Publishing, 2002.

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Book chapters on the topic "Respirometer"

1

Haddox, Don C., Nancy E. Sauer, and Teresa J. Cutright. "Preliminary respirometer studies for the bioremediation of PAH contaminated soils." In Global Environmental Biotechnology, 355–64. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-017-1711-3_31.

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Zhang, Liang, and Eugenia Trushina. "Respirometry in Neurons." In Neuromethods, 95–113. New York, NY: Springer New York, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4939-6890-9_5.

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Rahbani, Janane F., Edward T. Chouchani, Bruce M. Spiegelman, and Lawrence Kazak. "Measurement of Futile Creatine Cycling Using Respirometry." In Methods in Molecular Biology, 141–53. New York, NY: Springer US, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-0716-2087-8_10.

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Vial, Guillaume, and Bruno Guigas. "Assessing Mitochondrial Bioenergetics by Respirometry in Cells or Isolated Organelles." In Methods in Molecular Biology, 273–87. New York, NY: Springer New York, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4939-7598-3_18.

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Copp, John B., and Henri Spanjers. "Applicability of a Simulation Benchmark to Respirometry-Based Control Strategies." In Biotechnology for the Environment: Wastewater Treatment and Modeling, Waste Gas Handling, 73–85. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-017-0932-3_3.

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Le Bonté, S., M. N. Pons, O. Potier, C. Plançon, A. Alinsafi, and A. Benhammou. "Detection of Toxic Pollution in Waste Water by Short-Term Respirometry." In Environmental Chemistry, 681–90. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/3-540-26531-7_62.

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Lay, Sui, Oana Sanislav, Sarah J. Annesley, and Paul R. Fisher. "Mitochondrial Stress Tests Using Seahorse Respirometry on Intact Dictyostelium discoideum Cells." In Methods in Molecular Biology, 41–61. New York, NY: Springer New York, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4939-3480-5_4.

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Shintaku, Jonathan, and Denis C. Guttridge. "Analysis of Aerobic Respiration in Intact Skeletal Muscle Tissue by Microplate-Based Respirometry." In Methods in Molecular Biology, 337–43. New York, NY: Springer New York, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4939-3810-0_23.

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Davis, Ernst M., and Young-Ha Cho. "Biodegradability Enhancement of Two Xenobiotics in an Industrial Waste as Measured by Respirometry." In Biodeterioration Research, 601–15. Boston, MA: Springer US, 1990. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4757-9453-3_48.

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Desai, Sanjay, Rakesh Govind, and Henry Tabak. "Determination of Monod Kinetics of Toxic Compounds by Respirometry for Structure—Biodegradability Relationships." In ACS Symposium Series, 142–56. Washington, DC: American Chemical Society, 1990. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/bk-1990-0422.ch009.

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Conference papers on the topic "Respirometer"

1

Xia, Wenxiang, Jincheng Li, and Xilai Zheng. "Biodegradability Assessment of Industrial Wastewater by Warburg Respirometer." In 2008 2nd International Conference on Bioinformatics and Biomedical Engineering (ICBBE '08). IEEE, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icbbe.2008.436.

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Zhang, Min-Quan, Xiang-Ming Li, Yuk-Shan Wong, and FolkYear Kwan. "Scanning respirometer for toxicity tests using micro-organisms." In European Symposium on Optics for Environmental and Public Safety, edited by Annamaria V. Scheggi. SPIE, 1995. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.221727.

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Drazen, J. C., J. P. Barry, and L. E. Bird. "A large hyperbaric trap-respirometer for the capture and maintenance of live deep sea organisms." In Oceans 2003. Celebrating the Past ... Teaming Toward the Future (IEEE Cat. No.03CH37492). IEEE, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/oceans.2003.178356.

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Schaefer, Greg P., and Alex E. S. Green. "Feedstock Blending in a Continuously Fed Gasifier." In ASME Turbo Expo 2000: Power for Land, Sea, and Air. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/2000-gt-0025.

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Imported oil, nuclear and coal now contribute about 55% of the energy the USA consumes, and those forms of energy are under environmental, social and legal scrutiny. There are limits to which non-“clouded” natural gas and renewables can replace these sources. This has motivated the CCTL to pursue R&D on blending domestically available fuels in thermal reactors to produce more useful gaseous or liquid fuels. Feedstock blending results with batch-fed indirectly heated gasifiers (IHGs) were reported at the three previous Turbo Expo meetings. This is a progress report on initial work with a continuously fed IHG scaled to potentially give a gaseous output suitable for a 5–20 kW microturbine or a reciprocating engine. An electric tube furnace is now used rather than a combustor fueled by the residual char or part of the gaseous or liquid output. Some novel features of this current effort are: a) Biomass blends are auger-fed through a reactor tube fabricated out of available components to simulate a conical shape, b) The output gas is filtered and partially cooled by the incoming biomass feedstock, c) The system has been designed to facilitate feedstock blending studies, d) A trap and external heat exchanger condenses the residual tar, water vapor, and volatile metals, e) The char-ash is collected and stored in a pressure vessel, f) Gas output volume is measured with an orifice dividing system and respirometer. The results of runs in a semi-continuously fed system with various biomass particle sizes and with various blends of biomass and coal are presented. The fate of volatile metals contained in the input feedstock is assessed. With the completion of an external hopper-feeder and the replacement of the electric tube furnace by an output gas or charcoal combustor, a later application to microturbines is within reach.

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Miranda, A. C. T., D. M. Ramos, F. N. Godoi, F. G. F. Padilha, G. C. Peixoto, A. Galina, and F. Q. Almeida. "Muscular mitochondrial respirometry in training horses." In 6th EAAP International Symposium on Energy and Protein Metabolism and Nutrition. The Netherlands: Wageningen Academic Publishers, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.3920/978-90-8686-891-9_102.

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Aoki, Hirooki, Shiro Ichimura, Satoru Kiyooka, and Kohji Koshiji. "Calculation of ventilation threshold using noncontact respirometry." In 2008 30th Annual International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society. IEEE, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/iembs.2008.4649650.

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7

Chatni, M. R., G. Yale, A. Van Ryckeghem, and D. M. Porterfield. "Frequency domain fluorescence lifetime microwell-plate platform for respirometry measurements." In SPIE Defense, Security, and Sensing, edited by Brian M. Cullum, D. Marshall Porterfield, and Karl S. Booksh. SPIE, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.852472.

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Soares, Carolina, Débora G. Souza, Andreia Silva da Rocha, Luiza Machado, Bruna Bellaver, and Eduardo R. Zimmer. "BRAIN ENERGETICS EVALUATION IN EARLY STAGES OF AMYLOID PATHOLOGY IN A RAT MODEL OF ALZHEIMER’S DISEASE." In XIII Meeting of Researchers on Alzheimer's Disease and Related Disorders. Zeppelini Editorial e Comunicação, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.5327/1980-5764.rpda086.

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Background: Transgenic models of Alzheimer’s disease (AD) overexpress human APP, PS1 or PS2 mutations. These models present amyloid-beta pathology but do not recapitulate the complexity of AD. Interestingly, the transgenic rat model TgF344-AD, which overpresses human APP and PS1 mutations, seems to follow a more similar disease progression, manifesting progressive tau tangle-like pathology and late cognitive impairment. Yet, whether they develop energy metabolism changes as we see in AD remains unclear. Objective: Here, we investigated brain bioenergetics in 6-7 months F344-AD/WT rats, an age where animals present early amyloid pathology but no memory impairment - mimicking the human preclinical AD. Methods: We used high-resolution respirometry to assess mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation capacity (OXPHOS), electron transfer capacity (ET), respiratory control ratio (RCR) and reserve capacity (R) in brain homogenates of male and female F344-AD and WT rats (n = 6-8, per group). Results: The results were analyzed by Welch’s t test: 1. Frontal cortex a)OXPHOS (p=0.307); b)ET (p=0.99); c)RCR (p=0.138); d)R (p=0.482). 2. Hippocampus a)OXPHOS (p=0.446); b)ET (p=0.409); c)RCR (p=0.952); d)R (p=0.503). Conclusion: In conclusion, at 6-7 months, changes in the respirometry in the brain of F344-AD rats were not observed. We hypothesize that these measures will be altered at older ages.

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9

Speichinger, F., A. Gratl, J. Frese, A. Greiner, ME Kreis, and C. Kamphues. "High Resolution Respirometry (HRR) of the smooth muscle in the intestine." In Viszeralmedizin 2019. Georg Thieme Verlag KG, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0039-1695202.

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Moreno, Jaime, and Alejandro Vargas. "Nonlinear observer design and observability of an aerobic bioreactor using respirometry." In 1999 European Control Conference (ECC). IEEE, 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.23919/ecc.1999.7099523.

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Reports on the topic "Respirometer"

1

Peter A. Pryfogle. Investigation of Microbial Respirometry for Monitoring Natural Sulfide Abatement in Geothermal Cooling Tower Basins. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), September 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/966166.

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Hoitink, Harry A. J., Yitzhak Hadar, Laurence V. Madden, and Yona Chen. Sustained Suppression of Pythium Diseases: Interactions between Compost Maturity and Nutritional Requirements of Biocontrol Agents. United States Department of Agriculture, June 1993. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/1993.7568755.bard.

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Several procedures were developed that predict maturity (stability) of composts prepared from municipal solid wastes (MSW). A respirometry procedure, based O2 uptake by compost, predicted (R2=0.90) the growth response of ryegrass in composts and an acceptable level of maturity. Spectroscopic methods (CPMAS13-NMR and DRIFT spectroscopy) showed that the stabilizing compost contained increasing levels of aromatic structures. All procedures predicted acceptable plant growth after approximately 110 days of composting. MSW compost suppressed diseases caused by a broad spectrum of plant pathogens including Rhizoctonia solani, Pythium aphanidermatum and Fusarium oxysporum. A strain of Pantoea agglomerans was identified that caused lysis of hyphae of R. solani. Evidence was obtained, suggesting that thermophilic biocontrol agents also might play a role in suppression. 13C-NMR spectra revealed that the longevity of the suppressive effect against Pythium root rot was determined by the concentration of readily biodegradable carbohydrate in the substrate, mostly present as cellulose. Bacterial species capable of inducing biocontrol were replaced by those not effective as suppression was lost. The rate of uptake of 14C-acetate into microbial biomass in the conducive substrate was not significantly different from that in the suppressive substrate although specific activity was higher. The suppressive composts induced systemic acquired resistance in cucumjber roots to Pythium root rot and to anthracnose in the foliage. Composts also increased peroxidase activity in plants by the conducive substrate did not have these effects. In summary, the composition of the organic fraction determined bacterial species composition and activity in the substrate, which in turn regulated plant gene expression relative to biological control.

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3

Hoitink, Harry A. J., Yitzhak Hadar, Laurence V. Madden, and Yona Chen. Sustained Suppression of Pythium Diseases: Interactions between Compost Maturity and Nutritional Requirements of Biocontrol Agents. United States Department of Agriculture, June 1993. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/1993.7568746.bard.

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Several procedures were developed that predict maturity (stability) of composts prepared from municipal solid wastes (MSW). A respirometry procedure, based O2 uptake by compost, predicted (R2=0.90) the growth response of ryegrass in composts and an acceptable level of maturity. Spectroscopic methods (CPMAS13-NMR and DRIFT spectroscopy) showed that the stabilizing compost contained increasing levels of aromatic structures. All procedures predicted acceptable plant growth after approximately 110 days of composting. MSW compost suppressed diseases caused by a broad spectrum of plant pathogens including Rhizoctonia solani, Pythium aphanidermatum and Fusarium oxysporum. A strain of Pantoea agglomerans was identified that caused lysis of hyphae of R. solani. Evidence was obtained, suggesting that thermophilic biocontrol agents also might play a role in suppression. 13C-NMR spectra revealed that the longevity of the suppressive effect against Pythium root rot was determined by the concentration of readily biodegradable carbohydrate in the substrate, mostly present as cellulose. Bacterial species capable of inducing biocontrol were replaced by those not effective as suppression was lost. The rate of uptake of 14C-acetate into microbial biomass in the conducive substrate was not significantly different from that in the suppressive substrate although specific activity was higher. The suppressive composts induced systemic acquired resistance in cucumjber roots to Pythium root rot and to anthracnose in the foliage. Composts also increased peroxidase activity in plants by the conducive substrate did not have these effects. In summary, the composition of the organic fraction determined bacterial species composition and activity in the substrate, which in turn regulated plant gene expression relative to biological control.

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