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Journal articles on the topic 'Respirometer'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 20 February 2023

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1

Lear, Karissa O., Nicholas M. Whitney, Lauran R. Brewster, and Adrian C. Gleiss. "Treading water: respirometer choice may hamper comparative studies of energetics in fishes." Marine and Freshwater Research 70, no. 3 (2019): 437. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/mf18182.

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Measuring the metabolic rate of animals is an essential part of understanding their ecology, behaviour and life history. Respirometry is the standard method of measuring metabolism in fish, but different respirometry methods and systems can result in disparate measurements of metabolic rate, a factor often difficult to quantify. Here we directly compare the results of two of the most common respirometry systems used in elasmobranch studies, a Steffensen-style flume respirometer and an annular static respirometer. Respirometry trials with juvenile lemon sharks Negaprion brevirostris were run in both systems under the same environmental conditions and using the same individuals. Relationships between metabolic rate, swimming speed, overall dynamic body acceleration (ODBA) and tail beat frequency (TBF) were compared between the two systems. The static respirometer elicited higher TBF and ODBA for a given swimming speed compared with the flume respirometer, although it produced relationships between kinematic parameters that were more similar to those observed in free-swimming animals. Metabolic rates and swimming speeds were higher for the flume respirometer. Therefore, although flume respirometers are necessary for many types of controlled laboratory studies, static respirometers may elicit lower stress and produce results that are more applicable to fish in wild systems.

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2

Hoegh-Guldberg, O., and D. Manahan. "Coulometric measurement of oxygen consumption during development of marine invertebrate embryos and larvae." Journal of Experimental Biology 198, no. 1 (January 1, 1995): 19–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1242/jeb.198.1.19.

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Determining the metabolic rate of larval invertebrates from aquatic habitats is complicated by the problems of small size and the scarcity of suitable measurement techniques. In this study, coulometric respirometry (a new technique for the study of marine embryos and larvae) was used to explore several issues associated with the rate of energy use during embryonic and larval development of marine invertebrates from three phyla. Coulometric respirometry measures rates of oxygen consumption under normoxic conditions by electrochemically replacing the oxygen consumed by organisms during an experiment. This technique is based on the assumption that all electrons consumed by the anodic reactions result in the production of oxygen. We verify this assumption using direct measurements of oxygen production and show that the technique is sensitive enough (1 nmol O2 h-1) to quantify the oxygen consumption of a single individual swimming freely in a relatively large volume (2 ml). Continuous measurements can span days, and embryos in the coulometric respiration chambers develop to the larval stage at normal rates of differentiation. Measurements of metabolic rates were made with the coulometric respirometer during the complete life-span of larvae of three species (asteroid, Asterina miniata; bivalve, Crassostrea gigas; echinoid, Dendraster excentricus). For these species, metabolic power equations had mass exponents near unity (0.91.1), showing that metabolic rate scales isometrically with mass during larval growth. Metabolic rates were independent of the concentration of larvae used in the respirometer chambers for a range of larval concentrations from 4 to 400 larvae ml-1 (coulometric respirometer) and from 241 to 809 larvae ml-1 (polarographic oxygen sensor). Metabolic rates were measured using coulometric respirometry and two other commonly used techniques, polarographic oxygen sensors and Winkler's titration. Polarographic oxygen sensors in small, sealed chambers (100 µl) consistently gave the lowest values (by as much as 80 %) for the asteroid, echinoid and molluscan larvae. By comparison, rates of oxygen consumption measured using coulometric respirometry and Winkler's titration (to measure the change in oxygen concentration over time) were similar and consistently higher. Although the polarographic oxygen sensor is the most widely used method for measuring the metabolism of small animals in sealed 1001000 µl chambers, it appears that the metabolism of some larvae is adversely affected by the conditions within these respirometers.

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3

Lucas, M. C., A. D. F. Johnstone, and J. Tang. "AN ANNULAR RESPIROMETER FOR MEASURING AEROBIC METABOLIC RATES OF LARGE, SCHOOLING FISHES." Journal of Experimental Biology 175, no. 1 (February 1, 1993): 325–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1242/jeb.175.1.325.

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Aerobic metabolic rates of fish at controlled levels of activity are usually measured with individual fish isolated in a flume-type respirometer, in which the fish must swim against a known water velocity (Brett, 1964; Beamish, 1978; Gehrke et al. 1990). Their use for large and fast- swimming fish is difficult owing to engineering problems and water turbulence and because swimming in the confined test section of the respirometer affects the performance of the fish. Some of these problems have been partially dealt with by applying corrections to compensate for the altered water flow around the body of the fish (Webb, 1971) and by developing highly sophisticated flume respirometers (Gehrke et al. 1990).

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4

Venosa, Albert D., David J. Feldhake, Edith L. Holder, and Karen M. Koran. "Biodegradability of Orimulsion in Saltwater and Freshwater Environments1." International Oil Spill Conference Proceedings 2003, no. 1 (April 1, 2003): 663–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.7901/2169-3358-2003-1-663.

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ABSTRACT Shake flask and respirometer experiments were executed to test the biodegradability of Orimulsion in freshwater and saltwater. For each experimental setup, two concentrations of the Orimulsion and the appropriate bacterial inoculum were added to artificial seawater and freshwater solutions, and the concentrations of Orimulsion hydrocarbons were monitored with time. Respirometers were used to monitor oxygen (O2) uptake and carbon dioxide (CO2) evolution to determine when to sample the shake flasks. Sampling of shake flasks occurred periodically by sacrificing triplicate flasks for each treatment. Residual hydrocarbons were extracted with dichloromethane and quantified by gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC/MS). The respirometry flasks were sacrificed on the last shake-flask sampling event and similarly evaluated for residual hydrocarbon content and for Microtox toxicity. Data reported confirm literature citations that Orimulsion is indeed biodegradable, at least to some extent. In the 10 g/L freshwater treatment, normal and branched alkanes present were degraded by 83.6% and PAHs by 59.8% after 183 days of incubation. In saltwater, the extent of alkane and PAH degradation was 93.5% and 81.4% after 183 days. Implications for cleanup are discussed.

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5

Beaudry, Randolph M., and Niti Dube. "132 A PERMEABLE MEMBRANE RESPIROMETER." HortScience 29, no. 5 (May 1994): 447d—447. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.29.5.447d.

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The dynamic physiological processes of CO2 production, O2 uptake and ethylene synthesis for ripening tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum L.) and banana (M usa sp. cv `Valery') fruit were measured using a novel approach. Fruit were sealed in low density polyethylene pouches of known permeability to O2, CO2 and C2H4. The flux of these gases during the climacteric was closely tracked by their respective partial pressure in the headspace of the pouches. Some limitations in application exist due to modification of the atmosphere (primarily O2) within the pouch, however, the system provides some distinct advantages. These include the absence of gas handling equipment, measurement of O2 uptake despite high background levels of O2, measurement of the respiratory quotient, and measurement of low rates of ethylene production. Compared to low-flow, flow-through respirometers, this type of respirometer has the potential to permit the accumulation of several-fold higher levels of some gases due to the property of differential gas permeabilities possessed by polymer films.

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6

Lukasse, Leo, Karel Keesman, Henri Spanjers, and Michiel Bloemen. "Diagnosis and Identification of Respirometer Dynamics and Sludge Kinetics in Continuous-Flow Respirometers." Water Environment Research 72, no. 3 (May 2000): 340–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.2175/106143000x137563.

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7

Zhang, Xin, Daijun Zhang, Peili Lu, Cui Bai, and Pengying Xiao. "Monitoring the nitrification and identifying the endpoint of ammonium oxidation by using a novel system of titrimetry." Water Science and Technology 64, no. 11 (December 1, 2011): 2246–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.2011.798.

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Based on the structure of the hybrid respirometer previously developed in our group, a novel implementation for titrimetry was developed, in which two pH electrodes were installed at the inlet and outlet of the measuring cell. The software capable of digital filtering and titration time delay correction was developed in LabVIEW. The hardware and software of the titrimeter and the respirometer were integrated to construct a novel system of respirometry–titrimetry. The system was applied to monitor a batch nitrification process. The obtained profiles of oxygen uptake rate (OUR) and hydrogen ion production rate (HPR) are consistent with each other and agree with the principle of the biological nitrification reaction. According to the OUR and HPR measurements, the oxidized ammonium concentrations were estimated accurately. Furthermore, the endpoint of ammonium oxidation was identified with much higher sensitivity by the HPR measurement. The system could be potentially used for on-line monitoring of biochemical reactions occurring in any kind of bioreactors because its measuring cell is completely independent of the bioreactor.

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8

Giroux, É. Y., H. Spanjers, G. G. Patry, and I. Takács. "Dynamic modelling for operational design of a respirometer." Water Science and Technology 33, no. 1 (January 1, 1996): 297–309. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.1996.0030.

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The purpose of this paper is to demonstrate how dynamic modelling and simulation can effectively be used to assess the operation of an on-site respirometer. A dynamic model of the respirometer was developed using the General Purpose Simulator (GPS-X). The approach is appropriate for operational design of the respirometer in allowing the user to experiment with the instrument, through simulation, before it is actually operated. The model was able to replicate the operational modes of the respirometer. The dynamic model was found to be particularly useful in assessing difficulties associated with multiple respiration rate calculations, the effect of temperature on the respiration rate, and the detection of the endogenous respiration rate.

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9

Bari, Agata J. I., Muslimin Ibrahim, and Yuliani Yuliani. "Pengembangan instrumen penilaian kinerja keterampilan membuat alat laboratorium respirometer sederhana." JPBIO (Jurnal Pendidikan Biologi) 5, no. 1 (April 7, 2020): 37–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.31932/jpbio.v5i1.581.

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Tidak tersedianya instrumen penilaian kinerja yang layak digunakan (valid, reliabel dan praktis) untuk mengukur hasil belajar siswa terutama pada materi respirasi hewan, menyebabkan guru hanya melakukan penilaian kognitif dan afektif. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk menghasilkan instrument penilaian kinerja membuat alat respirometer sederhana yang valid, reliabel dan praktis. Penelitian ini menggunakan model penelitian pengembangan yang dikembangkan oleh Borg & Gall. Validitas diperoleh dari hasil penilaian dua validator, reliabilitas dihitung menggunakan rumus Spearman Brown yang dibantu dengan SPSS 24, sedangkan kepraktisan instrumen dilihat dari keterlaksanaannya. Berdasarkan modus kategori validitas maka disimpulkan hasil validasi instrumen penilaian keterampilan kinerja membuat respirometer sederhana memiliki kategori valid dengan reliabilitas instrumen 0,96 sehingga dikategorikan reliabel, dan kepraktisan berdasarkan penilaian pengamatan sebesar 96,88%, dan angket guru sebesar 91,67% sehingga dikategorikan praktis.Kata kunci: Instrumen penilaian, kinerja, keterampilan, respirometer sederhana The development of skills performance laboratory assessment making simple respirometer instrument. The unavailability of appropriate performance appraisal instruments (valid, reliable and practical) to measure student learning outcomes, especially on animal respiration material, causes teachers to only conduct cognitive and affective assessments.The purpose of this study is to produce a performance appraisal instrument to make a simple, reliable and practical respirometer. This study uses a development model developed by Borg & Gall. Validity was obtained from the results of the assessment of two validators, reliability was calculated using the Spearman Brown formula which was assisted with SPSS 24, while the practicality of the instrument was seen from its implementation. Based on the validity category mode, it was concluded that the results of the validation of the performance skills assessment instrument made the respirometer simply have a valid category with an instrument reliability is 0.96 so that it was categorized as reliable, and practicality was based on an observer's assessment is 96.88%, and the teacher questionnaire is 91.67% so that it was categorized as practical.Keywords: Assessment instrument, the performance, skills, simple respirometer

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10

MOYLE, J. T. B. "A Kynar piezoelectric film respirometer." Anaesthesia 44, no. 4 (April 1989): 332–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2044.1989.tb11290.x.

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11

HATCH, D. J., and G. M. E. WILLIAMS. "THE HALOSCALE “INFANTA” WRIGHT RESPIROMETER." British Journal of Anaesthesia 60, no. 2 (February 1988): 232–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/bja/60.2.232.

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12

Tribe, H. T., and P. Maynard. "A new automatic electrolytic respirometer." Proceedings of the Royal Society of Edinburgh. Section B. Biological Sciences 94 (1988): 178–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s026972700000734x.

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13

Garg, R. P., and R. P. Mathur. "Development of a membrane respirometer." Water Research 31, no. 1 (January 1997): 23–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0043-1354(96)00214-x.

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14

Tribe, HT, and P. Maynard. "A new automatic electrolytic respirometer." Mycologist 3, no. 1 (January 1989): 24–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0269-915x(89)80011-4.

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15

Titulaer, William A. "A respirometer of flexible design." Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology Part A: Physiology 99, no. 3 (January 1991): 347–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0300-9629(91)90012-2.

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16

Mohapatra, B. C., and P. Sahoo. "Design and Development of Acrylic Respirometer for Study of Oxygen Consumption by Fish Seed." IRA-International Journal of Technology & Engineering (ISSN 2455-4480) 5, no. 1 (November 3, 2016): 6. http://dx.doi.org/10.21013/jte.v5.n1.p2.

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<div><p><em>A simple and noble respirometer in acrylic material has been designed and developed by ICAR-AICRP on Plasticulture Engineering and Technology Centre at ICAR-Central Institute of Freshwater Aquaculture to study the oxygen consumption by fry, fingerling and advanced fingerling stages of fishes. The instrument is transparent, can be completely sealed air tight, and can store water and fish for experimentation. Water can be filled or drained manually at desired intervals, and the inlet and outlet hubs are fixed with screens to protect the fish seed to escape out of the respirometer during experimentation or water flow. Two models of respirometer were fabricated having dimensions of 10”x 10”x 10” and 11”x 11”x 11” with 18 L and 22 L water storage capacities respectively. The components of the respirometer are the transparent water tank with outlet hub containing drainage valve, transparent covering lid with inlet hub containing inlet valve and airway cap. The airway cap is provided in the lid to make a way for air to pass into the tank while draining water or out of the tank during filling of the water. The operation of the respirometer involves filling the tank with water, stocking the fishes, covering it with the lid, taking water samples for oxygen estimation in the start and end of the experiment. </em></p></div>

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17

de Bel, M., L. Stokes, J. Upton, and J. Watts. "Applications of a respirometry based toxicity monitor." Water Science and Technology 33, no. 1 (January 1, 1996): 289–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.1996.0029.

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The development of a respirometry based toxicity monitor is described which automatically tests samples of imported trade waste to indicate toxicity problems. The research concentrated on the development of a methodology to test acute toxicity on nitrifying sludge. The same method was used to test specific compounds that might affect the nitrification process of the activated sludge plant. The use of the respirometer to test the possible toxicity of influent (intake protection) is also described. Although the method was originally intended to test inhibitory effects of tanker discharges, only minor changes to the hardware or the software prove to be necessary to use the instrument for different applications.

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18

Li, Kuyen Y., and Yuebo B. Zhang. "Oxygen transfer limitation in a respirometer." Water Environment Research 68, no. 1 (January 1996): 36–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.2175/106143096x127190.

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19

Chandran, Kartik, John V. Accashian, and Barth F. Smets. "Oxygen transfer limitation of a respirometer." Water Environment Research 68, no. 6 (September 1996): 1084–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.2175/106143096x128081.

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20

Van Aardt, W. J. "’n Plastiek Cartesiese duiker as respirometer." Suid-Afrikaanse Tydskrif vir Natuurwetenskap en Tegnologie 10, no. 4 (July 8, 1991): 169–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.4102/satnt.v10i4.509.

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The working principles of the Cartesian diver as a respirometer for terrestrial micro-athropods are discussed. The advantages and disadvantages of Perspex as thermoplastic diver material are compared with those of Pyrex or Jena glass. With the aid of diagrammes on which physical dimensions are indicated, the functional parts of a Perspex diver with a diver constant of about 80 microliters are described. Stepwise instructions for the operation of the diver system (flotation vessel, manometer, glassmanifold) within the enclosed waterbath are presented to enable one to measure the equilibrium pressure (ΔP) of each individual animal with a mass less than 1 mg. The calculations used to determine the diver constant for each diver are fully described. Practical examples are used to enable one to calculate the oxygen consumption rate (VO₂) for a mite species from the equilibrium pressure measurement.

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21

Mosse, C. A., and S. P. Roberts. "Microprocessor-based time-of-flight respirometer." Medical & Biological Engineering & Computing 25, no. 1 (January 1987): 34–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf02442817.

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22

Wysujack, Klaus, Lasse Marohn, Constantin Lindemann, Björn Illing, Marko Freese, Jan-Dag Pohlmann, Stefan Reiser, et al. "A novel hyperbaric swimming respirometer allows the simulation of varying swimming depths in fish respirometry studies." Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology Part A: Molecular & Integrative Physiology 264 (February 2022): 111117. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cbpa.2021.111117.

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23

Irwin, Sandra, and John Davenport. "Implications of water flow and oxygen gradients for molluscan oxygen uptake and respirometric measurements." Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom 86, no. 2 (March 13, 2006): 401–2. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0025315406013257.

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Oxygen microenvironments adjacent to mussel (Mytilus edulis) and periwinkle (Littorina littorea) tissues were described using micro-optodes. For mussels these environments did not differ from the surrounding water body in either static or stirred conditions. Consequently no difference was seen in the MO2 of mussels within stirred and unstirred respirometers. An oxygen extraction efficiency of 30% was recorded for mussels in stirred and unstirred conditions. Under static conditions, periwinkles, with their weak ventilatory arrangements, were not capable of ventilating the surrounding water efficiently, and their tissues were surrounded by hypoxic seawater, even in fully aerated water. The resultant build up of oxygen gradients close to the tissue surface led to measures of oxygen consumption representative of hypoxic conditions in fully aerated, unstirred respirometers. Stirring of the contents of the respirometer immediately prior to final oxygen concentration measures was insufficient to counter this effect, which could only be avoided by continuous artificial stirring of the respirometric chamber water. These findings have considerable implications for study of the oxygen consumption of aquatic animals with limited ventilatory capacity, such as gastropod molluscs.

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24

Inayah, Ghina Nur, Annesha Rahamadayanti, Anna Argiyanti, Ridho Ilafi Sukma, Bambang Supriatno, and Sri Anggraeni. "Alternatif Kegiatan Praktikum Tingkat SMA: Pengaruh pH terhadap Hasil Kerja Katalase Menggunakan Respirometer Ganong." EDUKATIF : JURNAL ILMU PENDIDIKAN 4, no. 4 (June 17, 2022): 5432–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.31004/edukatif.v4i4.3289.

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Kegiatan praktikum enzim katalase biasanya hanya melihat adanya gelembung oksigen dan nyala bara api secara kualitatif. Penggunaan tabung reaksi dianggap tidak terlalu efektif karena tidak dapat mengukur secara kuantitatif, karena praktikan tidak dapat melihat perubahan tekanan maupun menghitung jumlah gelembung yang dihasilkan. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk menganalisis desain kegiatan laboratorium (DKL) yang beredar dan merekonstruksi praktikum enzim katalase agar dapat diukur secara kuantitatif maupun kualitatif dengan menggunakan respirometer ganong sebagai pengganti tabung reaksi. Praktikum enzim katalase menggunakan respirometer ganong ini akan melihat reaksi enzim katalase yang dipengaruhi oleh berbagai pH dan melihat tekanan yang dihasilkan dari masing-masing reaksi. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian deskriptif kuantitatif dengan metode purposive sampling dengan total 4 LKS sebagai sampel. Pada setiap LKS dilakukan analisis berdasarkan indikator Novak&Gowin yang terdiri atas tiga indikator yaitu relevansi, kompetensi dan konstruksi pengetahuan. Hasil dari analisis terhadap ke empat LKS menunjukkan bahwa aspek relevansi, aspek kompetensi dan konstruksi pengetahuan masih kurang memenuhi standar pada beberapa aspek dan butuh perbaikan. Berdasarkan hasil uji coba terhadap enzim katalase dengan berbagai pH, terdapat perbedaan jumlah gelembung dan lama nya nyala bara api pada suasana pH yang berbeda. Secara kuantitatif, dapat dilihat perbedaan tekanan pada bagian lengan respirometer ganong dari berbagai tingkat pH. Penelitian ini juga menjelaskan bahwa respirometer ganong pada praktikum enzim katalase dapat membantu peserta didik mengukur hasil secara kuantitatif dan perlu penelitian lainnya dengan menggunakan variabel yang berbeda.

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25

Roš, M., and M. Dular. "Determination of Some Kinetic Parameters by Respirometry." Water Science and Technology 26, no. 9-11 (November 1, 1992): 2535–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.1992.0781.

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Individual kinetic parameters such as BOD, biodegradation of wastewater, reaction time, maximal substrate rate can be determined by respirometry. For the determination of main respirometric parameters (STBOD, BODr, reaction time, etc.) overall oxygen transfer coefficient, KLa, is needed. This parameter can be determined with dynamic method in an open respirometer at limited conditions (constant temperature, constant stirring conditions). It was found out that KLa is dependent upon concentration of the activated sludge; it can be determined with about 2% of relative standard deviation. The objective of our research work was determination of maximal exogenous oxygen uptake, re max and maximal substrate utilisation, µmax, which is very important kinetic parameter at wastewater treatment. These parameters show us the maximal substrate (wastewater) utilisation for appointed activated sludge.

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26

Sang, Eun Lee, and Soo Suh Yoon. "Biochemical characterization of wastewater by electrolytic respirometer." Water Science and Technology 31, no. 9 (May 1, 1995): 91–100. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.1995.0348.

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The use of an electrolytic respirometer for characterization of chemical compounds and wastewater was studied. From the BOD curves generated by the respirometer, the first order biokinetic constant (K), ultimate BOD (BODu) and adaptation period were estimated. The estimated ultimate BOD values of the known chemical compounds were very close to the theoretical oxygen demand values. Using K values, the relative biodegradability of the chemicals could be compared while the adaptation period for each compound could vary with the type of seed micro-organisms used. It was found that BOD5 values determined by the conventional method have no or very little, if any, meaning as far as the biological characteristics of industrial wastewaters are concerned. The BOD curves for wastewaters consisting of 2 or 3 different compounds could be divided into several stages while those for the combined wastewaters could be expressed as one curve.

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27

Sholikah, Nur, Kurnia Widi Rahmawati, and Setiyo Prajoko. "PENGEMBANGAN RESPIROMETER SEDERHANA DARI BAHAN DAUR ULANG." Indonesian Journal of Natural Science Education (IJNSE) 1, no. 1 (June 30, 2018): 41–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.31002/nse.v1i1.169.

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28

Lasaridi, K. E., E. K. Papadimitriou, and C. Balis. "Development and Demonstration Of a Thermogradient Respirometer." Compost Science & Utilization 4, no. 3 (June 1996): 53–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/1065657x.1996.10701840.

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29

Floto, Franz. "Respirometer for small samples with automatic registration." Respiration Physiology 108, no. 3 (June 1997): 247–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0034-5687(97)00031-5.

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30

Bårdgard, Astrid J., Harald Salhus, and Ole Brix. "An automated transportable high speed tunnel respirometer." Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology Part A: Physiology 93, no. 3 (January 1989): 577–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0300-9629(89)90013-3.

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31

Levitsky, Yan, David J. Pegouske, Sandra S. Hammer, Nathan L. Frantz, Kiera P. Fisher, Artem B. Muchnik, Anand R. Saripalli, et al. "Micro-respirometry of whole cells and isolated mitochondria." RSC Advances 9, no. 57 (2019): 33257–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c9ra05289e.

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32

Silva, M. C. A., L. O. Monteggia, F. K. Leal, and H. S. Delabary. "Evaluation of anaerobic biodegradability of wastewater from tebuconazole manufacturing." Water Science and Technology 66, no. 11 (December 1, 2012): 2299–304. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.2012.433.

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This study aimed to verify the biological anaerobic treatability of tebuconazole effluent manufacturing. For this purpose, two preliminary batch tests were performed using an ‘anaerobic respirometer’ adjusting the initial pH of the effluent at 7.0 and 8.0, respectively (first phase). In addition, two tests (second phase) were run using sequential batch anaerobic fermenters, the first operated at different hydraulic detention times (10 and 16.7 days) and the second with different initial dilutions of the effluent (5 and 20%). The chemical oxygen demand (COD) removal observed on the anaerobic respirometer tests was in the range of 66–81%. According to the preliminary batch tests an optimal value of initial COD concentration and amount of biomass was identified, which was considered for the fermenters start up. However, it was observed that the optimal relation provided by the respirometer test was not a good parameter of operational control for the fermenters due to the accumulation of inhibitory substances, which affected the microbial activity and took the system to collapse. The initial dilution of the effluent (5 and 20%) was essential for the stability of the anaerobic system, allowing COD removals above 74% during this study.

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33

Pinder, A. W., and W. W. Burggren. "Ventilation and partitioning of oxygen uptake in the frog Rana pipiens: effects of hypoxia and activity." Journal of Experimental Biology 126, no. 1 (November 1, 1986): 453–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1242/jeb.126.1.453.

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Pulmonary and cutaneous oxygen uptake (MO2) and lung ventilation were measured in frogs floating in water with access to air in respirometers, with and without ventilation of the skin provided by stirring. The frogs were exposed to hypoxia in both water and air, and were variably active. In inactive frogs floating in unstirred respirometers at 25 degrees C, 23% of total MO2 is through the skin. Activity of the animal increases total MO2. and also ventilates the skin, so that cutaneous MO2 increases with increasing total MO2. When the respirometer is stirred, cutaneous MO2 increases to 35% of total MO2 in resting animals. Activity no longer affects cutaneous MO2. Lung ventilation volume is directly proportional to lung ventilation rate in normoxia. Ventilation rate, and therefore ventilation volume, is proportional to pulmonary MO2. Ventilation rate approximately doubles in hypoxia (PO2 = 52 mmHg). The pattern of ventilation also changes in hypoxia, from a very irregular pattern in normoxia to one showing regular, large oscillations of lung volume over several ventilation movements. Increased lung ventilation, enhancing pulmonary MO2, is the primary adjustment to increased O2 demand. Partitioning of MO2 shifts towards the lung during both activity and hypoxia. In both cases, however, ventilation of the skin can supplement total MO2 by increasing absolute levels of cutaneous MO2.

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Irmaini, Irmaini, Herry Priyanto, and Dewi Behtri Yanifitri. "The Effect of Inspiratory Breathing Muscle Exercise Using Respirometer on Changes in Lung Function and Dyspnea Severity in Tuberculosis Pleurisy Patients." Jurnal Respirologi Indonesia 42, no. 1 (January 8, 2022): 46–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.36497/jri.v42i1.275.

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Background: Respirometer has been commonly used to improve lung function, prevent atelectasis and respiratory complications after surgery. The effectiveness of respirometer to improve lung re-expansion in pleural effusion has not been well studied. So far there is no such study implemented to examine this association in pleural effusion particularly tuberculosis pleurisy in Aceh. Method: This was an experimental pretest-posttest controlled trial in patients with tuberculosis pleurisy hospitalized in dr. Zainoel Abidin Hospital between July and December 2019. Systematic random sampling was used to gather 40 samples, which then divided into intervention and control group consisted of 20 people in each group. All participants performed spirometry and were assessed for dyspnea severity using Borg scale after thoracocentesis and repeated 6 days later. Only intervention group received exercise using respirometer. Data were examined statistically using paired T-test and Mann Whitney Test. Results: The majority of participants were male (68%) with mean age of 42 years old. Around one-third of samples were smokers with mean Brinkman Index of 273 (moderate). The nutritional status was mostly good with mean BMI of 21 (normal). There were significant improvements of FEV1 and FVC values before and after 6 days in both groups. However, if the improvements were compared between intervention and control groups, only FVC improved significantly in intervention group (P= 0.019) whereas FEV1 improved in both groups without significant difference (P= 0.456). Similar result was seen in dyspnea severity where both groups experienced improvement after 6 days with or without intervention. Conclusion: Inspiratory muscle exercise using respirometer could improve lung function, particularly FVC value, significantly and could be an option for additional therapy to help lung re-expansion in tuberculosis pleurisy.

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Marsili-Libelli, S., V. D'Ardes, and C. Bondi. "Development of a open-vessel single-stage respirometer." Water Science and Technology 57, no. 10 (May 1, 2008): 1675–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.2008.149.

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This paper describes the development and accuracy analysis of a single-stage respirometer which can be used both in the laboratory for wastewater characterization and in the plant as a process instrument. It is based on an accurate model of parasitic aeration, making the two-stage assumption unnecessary. Its operation is supervised by a real-time software, written in Lab View, managing the various measurement procedures and estimating the wastewater characteristics. Its accuracy is assessed through sensitivity and error propagation analysis, proving superior to the conventional model. A laboratory implementation of the instrument was tested with readily degradable substrate, yielding consistent and accurate respirograms.

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Worland, M. R., and W. Block. "An Automatic Respirometer for use with Small Invertebrates." Functional Ecology 8, no. 3 (June 1994): 419. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2389836.

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Loon, J. J. A. "A flow-through respirometer for leaf chewing insects." Entomologia Experimentalis et Applicata 49, no. 3 (December 1988): 265–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1570-7458.1988.tb01188.x.

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Garg, R. P., and R. P. Mathur. "Development of polythene film bag as a respirometer." Water Research 31, no. 2 (February 1997): 262–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0043-1354(96)00223-0.

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Goyette, Bernard, Clément Vigneault, Ning Wang, and Vijaya Raghavan. "Conceptualization, design and evaluation of a hyperbaric respirometer." Journal of Food Engineering 105, no. 2 (July 2011): 283–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jfoodeng.2011.02.033.

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TZORIS, A., V. FERNANDEZPEREZ, and E. HALL. "Direct toxicity assessment with a mini portable respirometer." Sensors and Actuators B: Chemical 105, no. 1 (February 14, 2005): 39–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0925-4005(04)00109-1.

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Burnett, Colin M. L., and Justin L. Grobe. "Direct calorimetry identifies deficiencies in respirometry for the determination of resting metabolic rate in C57Bl/6 and FVB mice." American Journal of Physiology-Endocrinology and Metabolism 305, no. 7 (October 1, 2013): E916—E924. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpendo.00387.2013.

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Substantial research efforts have been aimed at identifying novel targets to increase resting metabolic rate (RMR) as an adjunct approach to the treatment of obesity. Respirometry (one form of “indirect calorimetry”) is unquestionably the dominant technique used in the obesity research field to assess RMR in vivo, although this method relies upon a lengthy list of assumptions that are likely to be violated in pharmacologically or genetically manipulated animals. A “total” calorimeter, including a gradient layer direct calorimeter coupled to a conventional respirometer, was used to test the accuracy of respirometric-based estimations of RMR in laboratory mice ( Mus musculus Linnaeus) of the C57Bl/6 and FVB background strains. Using this combined calorimeter, we determined that respirometry underestimates RMR of untreated 9- to 12-wk-old male mice by ∼10–12%. Quantitative and qualitative differences resulted between methods for untreated C57Bl/6 and FVB mice, C57Bl/6 mice treated with ketamine-xylazine anesthesia, and FVB mice with genetic deletion of the angiotensin II type 2 receptor. We conclude that respirometric methods underestimate RMR in mice in a magnitude that is similar to or greater than the desired RMR effects of novel therapeutics. Sole reliance upon respirometry to assess RMR in mice may lead to false quantitative and qualitative conclusions regarding the effects of novel interventions. Increased use of direct calorimetry for the assessment of RMR and confirmation of respirometry results and the reexamination of previously discarded potential obesity therapeutics are warranted.

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Juliastuti, S. R., J. Baeyens, C. Creemers, and J. Degreve. "Determination of rate parameter for kinetics of nitrification." Jurnal Teknik Kimia Indonesia 4, no. 2 (October 2, 2018): 234. http://dx.doi.org/10.5614/jtki.2005.4.2.7.

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Determination of rate parameter for kinetics of nitrification The nitrification process is the bottleneck step in the total nitrogen removal. The formation of nitrate is considered as the rate limiting step in the whole process and its kinetics determine the design of the nitrification reactor. Heavy metals (Zn2+ and Cu2+) and different organic compounds are used as micropollutants. These kinetics were experimentally measured by respirometry. In line with the aim of the paper, the experimental investigation are conducted to develop design equations to describe kinetic rate relationships under optimum conditions, study the parameter influence such as pH and inhibition by reaction intermediates and inhibition by external pollutants. Results demonstrate that the maximum value of the specific growth rate of autotrophic biomass() is 1.02 day at pH=7 and decreases at pH 7.5; inhibition occurs at substrate (NH4) concentrations in excess of 15 mg N/l; inhibition occurs at increasing concentrations of NO –N and Cu2+ has more pronounced inhibitory effect than Zn2+. The inhibitory effect of organic compounds are listed as the Chlorobenzene > Trichloroethylene> Phenol> Ethyl benzene; the experimental oxygen uptake rate (OUR)-test results the autotrophic kinetic parameter values, which can be used in design equations. Keywords: Respirometry, Autotrophic Biomass, Nitrification, Oxygen Uptake Rate Abstrak Proses nitrifikasi merupakan langkah penting pada penurunan kadar total nitrogen. Pembentukan nitrat dianggap sebagai tahap pembatas kecepatan reaksi pada keseluruhan proses dan kinetikanya menentukan perancangan dari bagian proses nitrifikasi. Logam berat (Zn2+ dan Cu2+) dan berbagai jenis komponen organik digunakan sebagai mikropolutan. Kinetika ini secara eksperimental diukur menggunakan respirometer. Tujuan penelitian adalah mengembangkan persamaan perancangan yang menggambarkan hubungan laju kinetika pada kondisi optimum, studi pengaruh parameter seperti pH, inhibisi karena reaksi intermediat, dan inhibisi oleh polutan dari luar. Hasil penelitian ditunjukkan sebagai berikut: harga laju pertumbuhan biomasa autotrof maksimum spesifik adalah 1,02 hari-1 pada pH=7 dan menurun pada pH 7,5; inhibisi terjadi pada konsentrasi substrat (NH4+) lebih besar dari 15 mg N/l; inhibisi terjadi pada peningkatan konsentrasi NO -N ;Cu2+ lebih dikenal sebagai penyebab inhibisi daripada Zn2+. Efek inhibisi dari komponen organik di daftar mulai dari Chlorobenzene sampai Ethylbenzen. Tes OUR menghasilkan harga parameter kinetika yang dapat dipakai pad apersamaan perencanaan lumpur aktif nitrifikasi. Kata Kunci: Respirometer, BiomasaAutotrof, Nitrifikasi, Laju Kenaikan Oksigen

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Byrnes, Evan E., Karissa O. Lear, David L. Morgan, and Adrian C. Gleiss. "Respirometer in a box: development and use of a portable field respirometer for estimating oxygen consumption of large‐bodied fishes." Journal of Fish Biology 96, no. 4 (March 5, 2020): 1045–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/jfb.14287.

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Vleck, D. "Measurement of O2 consumption, CO2 production, and water vapor production in a closed system." Journal of Applied Physiology 62, no. 5 (May 1, 1987): 2103–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jappl.1987.62.5.2103.

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Equations for the calculation of O2 consumption, CO2 production, and water vapor production in a constant-volume, closed-system respirometer are presented. Necessary measurements include only the initial temperature, pressure, and gas volume in the respirometer chamber, and the fractional concentration of O2 in gas samples taken at the beginning and end of the period of measurement. Potential errors resulting from changes in CO2 and water vapor concentrations are identified. Ignoring CO2 effects can produce up to a 6.4% error in estimates of O2 consumption, and errors due to water vapor effects can exceed 100%. Techniques are presented for minimizing potential errors and for measuring CO2 and water vapor concentrations with an O2 analyzer so that potential errors can be eliminated.

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Muvianto, Cahyo Mustiko Okta, Kurniawan Yuniarto, Anang Lastriyanto, and Lalu Arioki Setiadi. "Low Budget Respirometer Chamber Design Based on Wireless Sensor Network." agriTECH 42, no. 2 (July 22, 2022): 187. http://dx.doi.org/10.22146/agritech.65739.

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Fresh fruit respiration information is essential optimizing food storage systems. Meanwhile, respiration is defined as the process of oxygen production and carbon dioxide release during storage in a closed respiratory chamber. Therefore, this study aims to design a low-budget computerized respiratory chamber for enhancing fruit packaging and storage system. Real-time fruit respiration can be measured by applying wireless gas sensors network. The respirometer consisted of 3,600 mL glass jar with a screw stainless lid, while the electrochemical and non-dispersive infrared sensors were mounted on the cover of the glass jar for collecting data on the oxygen, carbon dioxide, and temperature during mangoes’ respiration. Arduino USB port was used to record all measured parameters consisting of oxygen (%) and carbon dioxide concentrations (ppm, as well as temperature in the respiration chamber. Additionally, a controlled cooling chamber was applied to maintain the temperature during storage, while data communication was supported by Xbee S2C based on radio frequency. According to the respirometer real-time reading, there was a decrease in oxygen concentration caused by increasing carbon dioxide release with temperature. The low-budget respirometer was used to measure the respiration rate and record the data through a wireless sensor network system. The data plot shows that the respiration rate increased as the storage temperature and the respiratory quotient ranged from 0.32-0.44.

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Tang, Ming, Daniel Boisclair, Chantal Ménard, and John A. Downing. "Influence of body weight, swimming characteristics, and water temperature on the cost of swimming in brook trout (Salvelinus fontinalis)." Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences 57, no. 7 (July 1, 2000): 1482–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/f00-080.

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We performed respirometry experiments to estimate the spontaneous swimming costs of brook trout (Salvelinus fontinalis) for 24 combinations of fish weight (3.5, 17, and 32 g), water temperature (4, 12, and 18°C), and respirometer size (27, 54, and 108 L). Fish swimming characteristics were estimated for each experiment using videocamera recordings and image analysis. Under our experimental conditions, average swimming characteristics of fish, such as swimming speed and turning and acceleration rates, varied from 2.5- to 29-fold. Our data, alone or combined with similar published results on brook trout weighing 1 g, indicated that fish weight was the only variable that could explain a statistically significant proportion of the variations of spontaneous swimming costs for that species (r2 = 0.91). Our work confirms, with a wider range of experimental data, that spontaneous swimming costs of fish are 3- to 22-fold (8-fold average difference) more energy demanding than predicted by forced swimming models developed using fish swimming at constant speeds and directions in flumes.

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Santos, Hersília de Andrade e., Edna Maria de Faria Viana, Paulo Santos Pompeu, and Carlos Barreira Martinez. "Optimal swim speeds by respirometer: an analysis of three neotropical species." Neotropical Ichthyology 10, no. 4 (October 2012): 805–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s1679-62252012000400013.

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The swimming ability of neotropical fish species is an important aspect for fish ladder designs. Especially in Latin America, where fish ladders are highly selective, fish strategies to negotiate the passage should be studied focusing on target species. This paper shows the swimming ability of three neotropical species (Leporinus reinhardti, Pimelodus maculatus and Prochilodus costatus), from São Francisco river basin. Respirometer was employed for data collection. Regarding the critical and prolonged speeds, L. reinhardti was the fastest among the three neotropical species in relative values (body length/second). The performance of neotropical species was better when compared to critical and maximum prolonged speeds of fish species from temperate areas. Finally, regarding the experimental procedures, the optimization of swimming speed in respirometer is lower than the optimal processes obtained with free swimming in open channels.

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Geenens, D., and C. Thoeye. "The use of an on-line respirometer for the screening of toxicity in the antwerp WWTP catchment area." Water Science and Technology 37, no. 12 (June 1, 1998): 213–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.1998.0544.

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Following the new European and Flemish environmental legislation most of the existing Flemish wastewater treatment plants (WWTP) have to be adapted to achieve nutrient removal. The Antwerp WWTP Deurne-Schijnpoort (230,000 PE) is to be renovated to achieve a 10 mg/l total nitrogen and a 1 mg/l total phosphorous effluent consent. Six months of intensive pilot work at this plant has shown total nitrification inhibition of one- stage activated sludge processes. A mobile on-line respirometer was installed to monitor the activated sludge inhibition at the WWTP. Toxicity resulting in a substantial deterioration of the WWTP effluent was observed. Industrial discharges and main junctions in the sewer system were sampled for specific monitoring. An industrial source of inhibition could be pinpointed. Full-scale operating experiences with the respirometer during the measurements are reported.

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Sin, G., and P. A. Vanrolleghem. "A nitrate biosensor based methodology for monitoring anoxic activated sludge activity." Water Science and Technology 50, no. 11 (December 1, 2004): 125–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.2004.0680.

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An improved methodology based on a nitrate biosensor is developed and applied successfully for in-depth monitoring and study of anoxic activated sludge activities. The major advantages of the methodology are its simplicity, reliability and high data quality. The resulting data allowed for the first time to monitor anoxic respiration rate of activated sludge (nitrate uptake rate (NUR)) at a high time resolution making it clearly comparable with high frequency oxygen uptake rate (OUR) measurements obtained under aerobic conditions. Further, the anoxic respiration data resulting from a pulse addition of carbon source to endogenously respiring anoxic activated sludge shows a clear start-up phenomenon and storage tail that is usually also observed in high-frequency OUR measurements. Finally, the improved methodology can be expected to serve as an anoxic respirometer for activated sludge treatment plants where denitrification process occurs in single-step. Further, it can be used for a variety of purposes e.g. for toxicity and activity monitoring, process control and parameter estimation of the activated sludge process, similar to the aerobic respirometers.

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Hales, S. G., C. J. Philpotts, and C. Gillard. "A respirometer with improved sensitivity for ready biodegradation testing." Chemosphere 33, no. 7 (October 1996): 1247–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0045-6535(96)00263-9.

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