Relevant bibliographies by topics / Response Surface Methodology (RSM)

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  1. Journal articles
  2. Dissertations / Theses
  3. Books
  4. Book chapters
  5. Conference papers
  6. Reports

Academic literature on the topic 'Response Surface Methodology (RSM)'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 6 September 2023

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Journal articles on the topic "Response Surface Methodology (RSM)"

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Dube, Vinitkumar Dilipkumar. "Optimization of Biodiesel (MOME) Using Response Surface Methodology (RSM)." International journal of Emerging Trends in Science and Technology 04, no. 11 (November 13, 2016): 4736–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.18535/ijetst/v3i11.02.

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Zhang, Pei Pei, and Zi Dong Yin. "A New Response Surface Methodology: XU-RSM." Advanced Materials Research 396-398 (November 2011): 126–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.396-398.126.

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This paper aims to develop a new Response Surface Methodology (RSM)— XU-RSM— adapted to Reliability-Based Design Optimization (RBDO) based on Diffuse Approximation (DA) and First-Order Reliability Method (FORM). The essential of the new response surface methodology is to use simultaneously the points both in a design space (X-space) and an independent standard normal random space (U-space). Mixing the points allows for more precise local approximation due to denser sampling points and leads to a faster convergence. Finally, a mathematic example is given to show how to use the new method and the comparison of results of evolutions.
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Hadiyat, Mochammad Arbi, Bertha Maya Sopha, and Budhi Sholeh Wibowo. "Response Surface Methodology Using Observational Data: A Systematic Literature Review." Applied Sciences 12, no. 20 (October 21, 2022): 10663. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app122010663.

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In the response surface methodology (RSM), the designed experiment helps create interfactor orthogonality and interpretable response models for the purpose of process and design optimization. However, along with the development of data-recording technology, observational data have emerged as an alternative to experimental data, and they contain potential information on design/process parameters (as factors) and product characteristics that are useful for RSM analysis. Recent studies in various fields have proposed modifications to the standard RSM procedures to adopt observational data and attain considerable results despite some limitations. This paper aims to explore various methods to incorporate observational data in the RSM through a systematic literature review. More than 400 papers were retrieved from the Scopus database, and 83 were selected and carefully reviewed. To adopt observational data, modifications to the procedures of RSM analysis include the design of the experiment (DoE), response modeling, and design/process optimization. The proposed approaches were then mapped to capture the sequence of the modified RSM analysis. The findings highlight the novelty of observational-data-based RSM (RSM-OD) for generating reproducible results involving the discussion of the treatments for observational data as an alternative to the DoE, the refinement of the RSM model to fit the data, and the adaptation of the optimization technique. Future potential research, such as the improvement of factor orthogonality and RSM model modifications, is also discussed.
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Kumar, Rupak, and Meega Reji. "Response surface methodology (RSM): An overview to analyze multivariate data." Indian Journal of Microbiology Research 9, no. 4 (January 15, 2023): 241–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.18231/j.ijmr.2022.042.

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In recent years, the fascinating range of Response surface methodology (RSM) applications has captured the interest of many researchers and engineers worldwide. RSM is entirely based on well-known regression principles and variance analysis principles that enable the user to improve, develop and optimize the process or product under study. An overview of the theoretical principles of RSM, the experimental strategy and its tools and components, along with the applications and pros and cons, are described in this paper. Some of the widely used experimental designs of RSM compared in terms of its characteristics and efficiency are included, which helps to point out the importance of design of experiments (DOE) in optimization using RSM. The live demonstrations of a few optimization examples using response surface methodology in different research manuscripts included in this paper also provide a better understanding of the characteristics of RSM in different scenarios.
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HARRIS, P. L., S. L. CUPPETT, and L. B. BULLERMAN. "Optimization of Lipase Synthesis by Pseudomonas fluorescens by Response Surface Methodology." Journal of Food Protection 53, no. 6 (June 1, 1990): 481–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.4315/0362-028x-53.6.481.

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Using response surface methodology (RSM), the optimum environmental conditions of temperature, pH. and aeration for lipase synthesis by Pseudomonas fluorescens were found to be 25°C, 8.07, and 65 rpm, respectively, for 5 d of incubation. Of the three factors, temperature was most influential in affecting extracellular lipase production.
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Chu, Tsu Hsiao, Kuang Hua Fuh, and Wei Ching Yeh. "Experimental Optimization of Deep Drawing Using Response Surface Methodology." Applied Mechanics and Materials 121-126 (October 2011): 1495–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.121-126.1495.

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A ultrasonic vibration system with ram motion of two steps is developed to optimize the formability for thin workpiece at the end of forming. The deep drawing force and forming height can be predicted in view of optimizing the values of the working variables involved in the process parameters. A response surface methodology (RSM) based on design of experiments was used in order to minimize the forming force and maximum the forming height during the deep drawing process. Associated plots are shown to be efficient for a quick choice of the optimum values of the forming process parameters.
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Kant, Girish, Vaibhav Rao V, and Kuldip Singh Sangwan. "Predictive Modeling of Turning Operations Using Response Surface Methodology." Applied Mechanics and Materials 307 (February 2013): 170–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.307.170.

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This paper focuses on the development of a predictive model using the measured forces acting on the cutting tool during turning operation of AISI 1045 Steel using a Tungsten Carbide cutting tool insert. On the basis of the experimental results, second order mathematical model is developed in terms of machining parameters by using the Response Surface Methodology (RSM). The results are analyzed statistically and graphically. It has been observed that the predicted values using RSM also follow the same trend as given by the measured values.
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Achyutha Kumar Reddy, M., V. Ranga Rao, K. Naga Chaitanya, and Veerendrakumar C. Khed. "Optimization of Bentocrete parameters using Response Surface Methodology (RSM)." AIMS Materials Science 8, no. 2 (2021): 221–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.3934/matersci.2021015.

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Azhari, Ayu Wazira, Kamaruzzaman Sopian, Dewi Suriyani Che Halin, Abdul Haqi Ibrahim, and Saleem H. Zaidi. "Response Surface Methodology (RSM) in Fabrication of Nanostructured Silicon." Materials Science Forum 857 (May 2016): 151–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.857.151.

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In this paper, a respond surface methodology (RSM) model has been developed using three levels Box-Benkhen experimental design (BBD) technique to study the influence of several metal-assisted chemical etching (MACE) process variables on the properties of nanostructured silicon (Si) wafer. Five process variables are examined i.e. concentrations of silver (Ag), hydrofluoric acid (HF), deposition time, H2O2 concentration and etching time as a function of etching rate. Design-Expert® software (version 7.1) is used in formulating the RSM model of five factors with 46 experiments. A regression quadratic model is developed to correlate the process variables where the most significant factors are identified and validated using analysis of variance (ANOVA). The model for etching rate is found to be significant with R2 of 0.8, where both Ag concentrations and etching time are the major influence.
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Manpreet, Singh, Chawla Rekha, Khatkar Sunil Kumar, and Singh Sandeep. "Development of Milk Chocolate Using Response Surface Methodology (RSM)." International Journal of Current Microbiology and Applied Sciences 6, no. 6 (June 10, 2017): 2881–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.20546/ijcmas.2017.606.341.

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Response Surface Methodology (RSM)"

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Abd, Rahman M. N. "Modelling of physical vapour deposition (PVD) process on cutting tool using response surface methodology (RSM)." Thesis, Coventry University, 2009. http://curve.coventry.ac.uk/open/items/cca436cf-b72b-c899-ef02-bd522b0d7ec5/1.

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The Physical Vapour Deposition (PVD) magnetron sputtering process is one of the widely used techniques for depositing thin film coatings on substrates for various applications such as integrated circuit fabrication, decorative coatings, and hard coatings for tooling. In the area of coatings on cutting tools, tool life can be improved drastically with the application of hard coatings. Application of coatings on cutting tools for various machining techniques, such as continuous and interrupted cutting, requires different coating characteristics, these being highly dependent on the process parameters under which they were formed. To efficiently optimise and customise the deposited coating characteristics, PVD process modelling using RSM methodology was proposed. The aim of this research is to develop a PVD magnetron sputtering process model which can predict the relationship between the process input parameters and resultant coating characteristics and performance. Response Surface Methodology (RSM) was used, this being one of the most practical and cost effective techniques to develop a process model. Even though RSM has been used for the optimisation of the sputtering process, published RSM modelling work on the application of hard coating process on cutting tool is lacking. This research investigated the deposition of TiAlN coatings onto tungsten carbide cutting tool inserts using PVD magnetron sputtering process. The input parameters evaluated were substrate temperature, substrate bias voltage, and sputtering power; the out put responses being coating hardness, coating roughness, and flank wear (coating performance). In addition to that, coating microstructures were investigated to explain the behaviour of the developed model. Coating microstructural phenomena assessed were; crystallite grain size, XRD peak intensity ratio I111/I200 and atomic number percentage ratio of Al/Ti. Design Expert 7.0.3 software was used for the RSM analysis. Three process models (hardness, roughness, performance) were successfully developed and validated. The modelling validation runs were within the 90% prediction interval of the developed models and their residual errors compared to the predicted values were less than 10%. The models were also qualitatively validated by justifying the behaviour of the output responses (hardness, roughness, and flank wear) and microstructures (Al/Ti ratio, crystallographic peak ratio I111/1200, and grain size) with respect to the variation of the input variables based on the published work by researchers and practitioners in this field. The significant parameters that influenced the coating hardness, roughness, and performance (flank wear) were also identified. Coating hardness was influenced by the substrate bias voltage, sputtering power, and substrate temperature; coating roughness was influenced by sputtering power and substrate bias; and coating performance was influenced by substrate bias. The analysis also discovered that there was a significant interaction between the substrate temperature and the sputtering power which significantly influenced coating hardness, roughness, and performance; this interaction phenomenon has not been reported in previously published literature. The correlation study between coating characteristics, microstructures and the coating performance (flank wear) suggested that the coating performance correlated most significantly to the coating hardness with Pearson coefficient of determination value (R2) of 0.7311. The study also suggested some correlation between coating performance with atomic percentage ratio of Al/Ti and grain size with R2 value of 0.4762 and 0.4109 respectively.
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Gustafsson, Erik. "Optimization of Castings by using Surrogate Models." Licentiate thesis, Linköping University, Department of Management and Engineering, 2007. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-10192.

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In this thesis structural optimization of castings and thermomechanical analysis of castings are studied.

In paper I an optimization algorithm is created by using Matlab. The algorithm is linked to the commercial FE solver Abaqus by using Python script. The optimization algorithm uses the successive response surfaces methodology (SRSM) to create global response surfaces. It is shown that including residual stresses in structural optimization of castings yields an optimal shape that differs significantly from the one obtained when residual stresses are excluded.

In paper II the optimization algorithm is expanded to using neural networks. It is tested on some typical bench mark problems and shows very promising results. Combining paper I and II the response surfaces can be either analytical functions, both linear and non-linear, or neural networks. The optimization is then performed by using sequential linear programming or by using a zero-order method called Complex. This is all gathered in a package called StuG-OPT.

In paper III and IV focus is on the thermomechanical problem when residual stresses are calculated. In paper III a literature review is performed and some numerical simulations are performed to see where numerical simulations can be used in the industry today. In paper IV simulations are compared to real tests. Several stress lattices are casted and the residual stresses are measured. Simulations are performed by using Magmasoft and Abaqus. In Magmasoft a J2-plasticity model is used and in Abaqus two simulations are performed using either J2-plasticity or the ”Cast Iron Plasticity” available in Abaqus that takes into account the different behavior in tension and compression for grey cast iron.


Report code: LIU-TEK-LIC-2007:34.
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Vildozo, Daniel. "Performance study of photocatalytic oxidation for the abatement of volatile organic compounds from indoor air environments." Thesis, Lyon 1, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010LYO10110.

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Ces derniers temps, des procédés commerciaux basés sur la technologie photocatalytique, sont arrivés sur le marché, afin de satisfaire la demande croissante du traitement de l’air intérieur. L’objectif de ce présent travail est de développer une nouvelle méthodologie pour évaluer l’efficacité de ce nouveau procédé. Pour l’étude de l’application de la photocatalyse au traitement de l’air intérieur, un dispositif expérimental a été mis au point et deux méthodes analytiques ont été développées (ATD-GCMS et GC-PDHID). La performance de la dégradation photocatalytique du 2-propanol et du toluène à faibles concentrations (ppbv) a été étudiée. L’influence des différents paramètres (humidité relative, débit, concentration initiale, etc.) et leurs interactions sur la conversion, la formation des intermédiaires et la minéralisation au CO2 a été établie
Many commercial systems based in the photocatalytic technology have reached the market recently in order to address the growing demand for improve poor indoor air qualities. The present work deals with the development of a new methodology in order to evaluate the efficiency of this process. For the study of photocatalytic oxidation for indoor air applications, an experimental set-up was designed and two analytical tools (ATD-GC-MS and GC-PDHID) were developed. The performance of the photocatalytic treatment of 2-propanol and toluene at indoor air concentrations levels (ppbv) were realised. The influence of several parameters and their interactions effects on the conversion, by-product formation and mineralization to CO2 were established
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Haykir, Isik. "Investigation Of Bioprocess Parameters For Glucose Isomerase Production By Bacillus Thermoantarcticus." Master's thesis, METU, 2004. http://etd.lib.metu.edu.tr/upload/2/12608536/index.pdf.

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In this study, the effects of bioprocess parameters on glucose isomerase roduction by Bacillus thermoantarcticus (DSMZ 9572) were investigated. For his purpose, firstly, in laboratory scale shake-bioreactors, a defined medium was designed in terms of its carbon and nitrogen sources, to achieve the highest glucose isomerase activity. Optimum concentrations of medium components were determined by a statistical approach, namely Response Surface Methodology (RSM). RSM defined the relationship between the response, glucose isomerase activity and the independent variables, medium components. The highest glucose isomerase volumetric activity was obtained as 1630 U L-1 in the optimized medium containing 10.64 kg m-3 xylan, 5.66 kg m-3 yeast extract, 5.92 kg m-3 (NH4)2SO4, 0.25 kg m-3 MgSO4.7H2O, 0.001 kg m-3 FeSO4.7H2O, 0.001 kg m-3 ZnSO4.7H2O , 0.000075 kg m-3 MnSO4. H2O, and 0.00001 kg m-3 CuSO4.5H2O at conditions: pH0= 6.0, T=55°
C, N=200 min-1. Then by using the designed medium, pH and oxygen transfer conditions of the bioprocess were investigated in 3.0 dm3 pilot scale bioreactor. The effect of pH was analyzed at pH=6 uncontrolled and controlled operations with the following conditions: air inlet rate of Q0/VR=0.5 vvm and agitation rate of N=500 min-1. The effects of oxygen transfer parameters were examined, at pH=6 controlled condition, at an air inlet rate of Q0/VR=0.5 vvm and the agitation rates of N=300,500,750 min-1. The variations in glucose isomerase activity, cell, amino acid and organic acid concentrations with the cell cultivation time, specific cell growth rate, the oxygen uptake rate, the liquid phase coefficient by using the dynamic method, maintenance coefficient for oxygen and yield coefficients were determined. The highest glucose isomerase volumetric activity and cell concentration, 1838 U L-1 and 2.26 kg m-3 at the 24th of the cell cultivation were attained at 0.5 vvm, 500 min 1 and pH=6 uncontrolled operation.
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Oztop, Mecit Halil. "Optimization Of Microwave Frying Of Potato Slices." Master's thesis, METU, 2005. http://etd.lib.metu.edu.tr/upload/12606536/index.pdf.

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The main objective of this study is to evaluate the effects of microwave frying process on the quality of potato slices and to optimize the process by using different statistical optimization techniques. Use of microwave frying for food products may be considered as a new way of improving the quality of the fried foods. In the first part of the study, the effects of microwaves on quality of fried potatoes (moisture content, oil content, color and hardness) were studied and the process was optimized by using Taguchi Technique. Microwave power level (400W, 550W and 700W), frying time (2.0, 2.5, 3.0 minutes) and oil type (sunflower, corn and hazelnut oil) were the parameters used in the study. Moisture content of potatoes decreased whereas oil content, hardness and &
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E values of the potatoes increased with increasing frying time and microwave power level. The potatoes with the highest oil content were found to be the ones that were fried in the hazelnut oil. The optimum condition was found as frying at 550W microwave power level, for 2.5 minutes in sunflower oil. The potatoes that were fried at the optimum condition were determined to have lower oil contents compared to the ones fried conventionally.In the second part of the study, osmotic dehydration was applied prior to microwave frying process in order to reduce oil uptake and to evaluate the effect of osmotic dehydration with microwaves on quality of fried potatoes. The process was optimized by using both Taguchi Technique and Response Surface Methodology. Microwave power level (400W, 550W and 700W), frying time (1.5, 2.0, 2.5 minutes) and osmotic dehydration time (15, 30, 45 minutes) were the parameters used in the study. Osmotic dehydration treatment was conducted in a salt solution of 20 % (w/w) at 30oC. Moisture content decreased whereas oil content, hardness and &
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E value of potatoes increased with increasing frying time and microwave power level. Dehydration of potatoes osmotically prior to frying reduced the oil content of fried potatoes. The optimum condition was found as frying at 400 W microwave power level for 1.5 min after 30 min of osmotic dehydration time according to Taguchi Technique. Microwave power level and frying time were the same as Taguchi Technique but osmotic dehydration time was 39 min for the optimum condition found using response surface methodology.
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Amanna, Ashwin Earl. "Statistical Experimental Design Framework for Cognitive Radio." Diss., Virginia Tech, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/77331.

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This dissertation presents an empirical approach to identifying decisions for adapting cognitive radio parameters with no a priori knowledge of the environment. Cognitively inspired radios, attempt to combine observed metrics of system performance with artificial intelligence decision-making algorithms. Current architectures trend towards hybrid combinations of heuristics, such as genetic algorithms (GA) and experiential methods, such as case-based reasoning (CBR). A weakness in the GA is its reliance on limited mathematical models for estimating bit error rate, packet error rate, throughput, and signal-to-noise ratio. The CBR approach is similarly limited by its dependency on past experiences. Both methods have potential to suffer in environments not previously encountered. In contrast, the statistical methods identify performance estimation models based on exercising defined experimental designs. This represents an experiential decision-making process formed in the present rather than the past. There are three core contributions from this empirical framework: 1) it enables a new approach to decision making based on empirical estimation models of system performance, 2) it provides a systematic method for initializing cognitive engine configuration parameters, and 3) it facilitates deeper understanding of system behavior by quantifying parameter significance, and interaction effects. Ultimately, this understanding enables simplification of system models by identifying insignificant parameters. This dissertation defines an abstract framework that enables application of statistical approaches to cognitive radio systems regardless of its platform or application space. Specifically, it assesses factorial design of experiments and response surface methodology (RSM) to an over-the-air wireless radio link. Results are compared to a benchmark GA cognitive engine. The framework is then used for identifying software-defined radio initialization settings. Taguchi designs, a related statistical method, are implemented to identify initialization settings of a GA.
Ph. D.
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Uncu, Oya Nihan. "Optimization Of Bioethanol Production From Kitchen Waste." Master's thesis, METU, 2010. http://etd.lib.metu.edu.tr/upload/3/12611373/index.pdf.

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Kitchen waste, which is collected in large amounts from cafeterias, restaurants, dining halls, food processing plants, and household kitchens, have become a valuable material for bioprocess engineering. Due to the high carbohydrate fraction, kitchen waste has great potential to be used as a potential substrate for ethanol production. Utilization of it as a raw material in ethanol fermentation would also contribute to reduction of costs. In the first part of this study, the effect of pretreatment method and enzymatic hydrolysis on glucose production was evaluated. Dry baker&rsquo
s yeast, Saccharomyces cerevisiae, was used in fermentation experiments conducted with and without fermentation medium at pH 4.5 and 30oC for 48 hours. Close values of glucose concentration were obtained from no pretreated and hot water treated samples. The fermentation results indicated that ethanol can be produced at similar concentrations in bioreactors with and without fermentation medium addition (p >
0.05). Thus, it is concluded that use of kitchen wastes as is disposed and without fermentation medium in ethanol fermentation could lower the cost to a large extent. In the second part of this study, the effects of solid load, which is proportional to the glucose concentration (10% to 20% (w/w)), inoculum level of Saccharomyces cerevisiae (5% to 15% (v/v)), and fermentation time (48 to 96 h) on production of bioethanol from kitchen waste were studied using Response Surface Methodology (RSM). A three-factor Box Behnken design was used. Ethanol concentration was used as a response in the resulting experimental design. High Pressure Liquid Chromatography (HPLC) method was used to determine ethanol and glucose concentrations. The statistical analysis of the constructed model developed by RSM suggested that linear effects of solid load, inoculum level, and fermentation time and quadratic effects of inoculum level and fermentation time were all significant (p <
0.05) on bioethanol production. The model was verified by additional runs, which were not present in the design matrix. It was found that the constructed model could be used to determine successfully the bioethanol concentration with >
90% precision. An optimum ethanol concentration of 32.16 g/L was suggested by the model with 20% (w/w) solid load, 8.85% (v/v) inoculum level and 58.8 hours of fermentation. Further study is needed to evaluate the optimal fermentation conditions in a large scale fermentation
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Korkmaz, Nuriye. "Recombinant Therapeutic Protease Production By Bacillus Sp." Master's thesis, METU, 2007. http://etd.lib.metu.edu.tr/upload/3/12608656/index.pdf.

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The first aim of this study is the development of extracellular recombinant therapeutic protease streptokinase producing Bacillus sp., and the second aim is to determine fermentation characteristics for streptokinase production. In this context, the signal (pre-) DNA sequence of B.licheniformis (DSM1969) extracellular serine alkaline protease enzyme gene (subC: Acc. No. X03341) was ligated to 5&rsquo
end of the streptokinase gene (skc: Acc. No. S46536) by SOE (Gene Splicing by Overlap Extension) method through PCR. The resulting hybrid gene pre(subC)::skc was cloned into the pUC19 plasmid. Then, the hybrid gene was sub-cloned to pMK4 plasmid which is an E. coli-Bacillus shuttle vector with high copy number and high stability. Recombinant plasmid pMK4::pre(subC)::skc was finally transferred into B. subtilis (npr- apr-) and B. licheniformis 749/C (ATCC 25972) species. Streptokinase production capacities of these two recombinant Bacillus species were compared. The highest production was observed in recombinant B. lichenifomis 749/C (ATCC 25972) strain in a defined medium which was optimized in terms of carbon and nitrogen sources by a statistical approach, namely Response Surface Methodology (RSM). RSM evaluated the streptokinase concentration as the response and the medium components as the independent variables. The highest recombinant streptokinase concentration was found as 0.0237 kgm-3 at glucose and (NH4)2HPO4 concentrations of 4.530 and 4.838 kgm-3 respectively. The fermentation and oxygen transfer characteristics of the streptokinase production were investigated in a 3 dm3 pilot scale batch bioreactor (Braun CT2-2) equipped with temperature, pH, foam, air inlet and agitation rate controls having a working volume of VR=1.65 dm3 using the production medium optimized for the recombinant B. lichenifomis 749/C (ATCC 25972) strain. Streptokinase and &
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-lactamase activities, cell, glucose and organic acid concentrations, dissolved oxygen, pH, oxygen uptake rate, overall liquid phase mass transfer coefficient for oxygen, maintenance coefficient for oxygen, specific cell growth rate and yield coefficients were determined through the bioprocess. The bioprocess of recombinant streptokinase production was performed at uncontrolled pH of these bioreactor operation conditions: air inlet rate of Q0/VR=0.5 vvm, and the agitation rate of N=400min-1. The resulting streptokinase volumetric activity reached its maximum as 1.16 PUml-1 (0.0026 g/l streptokinase) at t=20 h.
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Silva, Wilson Souza da. "Modelagem e otimização de misturas ternárias de polipropileno (PP), borracha de etileno-propileno-dieno (EPDM) e pó de pneu (SRT)." Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, 2011. http://www.bdtd.uerj.br/tde_busca/arquivo.php?codArquivo=2786.

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O aumento nos rejeitos industriais e a contínua produção de resíduos causam muitas preocupações no âmbito ambiental. Neste contexto, o descarte de pneus usados tem se tornado um grande problema por conta da pequena atenção que se dá à sua destinação final. Assim sendo, essa pesquisa propõe a produção de uma mistura polimérica com polipropileno (PP), a borracha de etileno-propileno-dieno (EPDM) e o pó de pneu (SRT). A Metodologia de Superfície de Resposta (MSR), coleção de técnicas estatísticas e matemáticas úteis para desenvolver, melhorar e optimizar processos, foi aplicada à investigação das misturas ternárias. Após o processamento adequado em extrusora de dupla rosca e a moldagem por injeção, as propriedades mecânicas de resistência à tração e resistência ao impacto foram determinadas e utilizadas como variáveis resposta. Ao mesmo tempo, a microscopia eletrônica de varredura (MEV) foi usada para a investigação da morfologia das diferentes misturas e melhor interpretação dos resultados. Com as ferramentas estatísticas específicas e um número mínimo de experimentos foi possível o desenvolvimento de modelos de superfícies de resposta e a otimização das concentrações dos diferentes componentes da mistura em função do desempenho mecânico e além disso com a modificação da granulometria conseguimos um aumento ainda mais significativo deste desempenho mecânico.
The increase in industrial waste and solid waste production cause many concerns in the environment. In this context, the disposal of used tires has become a major problem because of the little attention given to their final destination. Therefore, this research proposes the production of a polymer blend of polypropylene (PP), rubber of ethylene-propylene-diene (EPDM) and tire dust (SRT). The Response Surface Methodology (RSM), a collection of mathematical and statistical techniques useful for developing, improving and optimizing processes, was applied to the investigation of ternary mixtures. After proper processing on twin screw extrusion and injection molding, the mechanical properties of tensile and impact strength were determined and used as response variables. At the same time, scanning electron microscopy (SEM) was used to investigate the morphology of different blends and better interpretation of results. With specific statistical tools and a minimum number of experiments it was possible to develop models of response surfaces and the optimization of the concentrations of different components of the mixture depending on the mechanical performance and even with the change in particle size could increase even more significant this mechanical performance.
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Jahirul, Md Islam. "Experimental and statistical investigation of Australian native plants for second-generation biodiesel production." Thesis, Queensland University of Technology, 2015. https://eprints.qut.edu.au/83778/9/Jahirul_Islam_Thesis.pdf.

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This work explores the potential of Australian native plants as a source of second-generation biodiesel for internal combustion engines application. Biodiesels were evaluated from a number of non-edible oil seeds which are grow naturally in Queensland, Australia. The quality of the produced biodiesels has been investigated by several experimental and numerical methods. The research methodology and numerical model developed in this study can be used for a broad range of biodiesel feedstocks and for the future development of renewable native biodiesel in Australia.
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Books on the topic "Response Surface Methodology (RSM)"

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Marti, Kurt. Semi-stochastic approximation by the response surface methodology (RSM). Neubiberg: Universität der Bundeswehr, 1990.

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1940-, Khuri André I., ed. Response surface methodology and related topics. New Jersey: World Scientific, 2005.

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A, Cornell John. How to apply response surface methodology. Milwaukee, WI: ASQC, 1990.

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Myers, Raymond H. Response surface methodology: Process and product optimization using designed experiments. 3rd ed. Hoboken, N.J: Wiley, 2008.

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C, Montgomery Douglas, ed. Response surface methodology: Process and product optimization using designed experiments. 2nd ed. New York: J. Wiley, 2002.

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C, Montgomery Douglas, ed. Response surface methodology: Process and product optimization using designed experiments. New York: Wiley, 1995.

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Response Surface Methodology. New York: McGraw-Hill, 2010.

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RSM Simplified: Optimizing Processes Using Response Surface Methods for Design of Experiments. Productivity Press, 2005.

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Khuri, André I. Response Surface Methodology and Related Topics. WORLD SCIENTIFIC, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/5915.

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Response surface methodology and related topics. Singapore: World Scientific, 2006.

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Book chapters on the topic "Response Surface Methodology (RSM)"

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Ruby-Figueroa, René. "Response Surface Methodology (RSM)." In Encyclopedia of Membranes, 1729–30. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-44324-8_1998.

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Ruby-Figueroa, René. "Response Surface Methodology (RSM)." In Encyclopedia of Membranes, 1–3. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-40872-4_1998-1.

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Körbahti, Bahadır K. "Optimization of Electrochemical Oxidation of Textile Dye Wastewater Using Response Surface Methodology (RSM)." In Survival and Sustainability, 1181–91. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-95991-5_111.

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Gómez-Gras, Giovanni, Ariadna Chueca de Bruijn, Manuel D. Abad, Albert Forés-Garriga, and Marco A. Pérez. "Effects of Temperature and Vacuum Pressure on the Mechanical and Surface Enhancement of FFF Parts." In Proceedings of the XV Ibero-American Congress of Mechanical Engineering, 341–47. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-38563-6_50.

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AbstractThis study deals with a novel post-process for polymeric components obtained by FFF based on the combination of annealing at controlled temperatures and isostatic vacuum pressing. The experimental development based on the Response Surface Methodology (RSM) allowed us to define an optimal combination of process parameters. The experimental results confirm the enhancement for different printing orientations showing a significantly improved intralayer and interlayer adhesion and demonstrating the capability of the proposed method to reduce the anisotropy of the treated parts, which can be extrapolated to other FFF polymers.
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Gnanavelbabu, A., V. Arunachalam, K. T. Sunu Surendran, V. Dharaniya, and K. Rajkumar. "Optimization of Laser Trepanning Parameters for Mild Steel by Taguchi Response Surface Methodology (T-RSM)." In Lecture Notes in Mechanical Engineering, 905–14. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-15-4745-4_78.

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Yusop, Muhammad Zal Ikram Muhamad, Mardawani Mohamad, Norzila Mohd, and Wan Hasnidah Wan Osman. "Optimization Study of Reactive Orange Dye Removal by Casuarina Equisetifolia Using Response Surface Methodology (RSM)." In Green Energy and Technology, 261–68. Singapore: Springer Nature Singapore, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-99-1695-5_22.

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Daud, Nurull Muna, Siti Rozaimah Sheikh Abdullah, and Hassimi Hasan. "Optimization of Coagulation Process for the Pre-Treatment of Biodiesel Wastewater Using Response Surface Methodology (RSM)." In From Sources to Solution, 433–37. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-4560-70-2_78.

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Al-Alimi, Sami, M. A. Lajis, S. Shamsudin, B. L. Chan, Mohammed H. Rady, Musleh Al-Zeqri, Ahmed Wahib, Abdalkarim Aladani, Abdulaziz Ali, and Nur Kamilah Yusuf. "Response Surface Methodology (RSM) Implementation in ZrO2 Particles Reinforced Aluminium Chips by Hot Equal Channel Pressing (ECAP)." In Lecture Notes in Mechanical Engineering, 959–74. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-16-0866-7_84.

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Mokhtar, Asmizam, and Nurul Hidayah Razak. "Response Surface Methodology (RSM) Model to Evaluate Surface Roughness in Machining of Titanium Alloy (Ti6–Al–4V) Using End Milling Process." In Lecture Notes in Mechanical Engineering, 107–19. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-15-9505-9_11.

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Guo, Jiaxu, Shaowei Hu, Xuan Zhao, Xiu Tao, and Ying Nie. "Compressive Strength Performance of Additives for Cement-Based Grouting Material with Low Water-Binder Ratio by Response Surface Methodology." In Lecture Notes in Civil Engineering, 368–79. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-19-1260-3_34.

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AbstractIn order to research the influence and the function mechanism of calcium formate and defoaming agent on the compressive strength of cement-based grouting material with low water-binder ratio at different ages, quadratic polynomial regression models were established by RSM, and the mix proportion was optimized. The function mechanism of additives was analysed by macroscopic mechanical properties and microstructure. The results indicated that the response surface method is scientific in optimizing the mix proportion of cement-based grouting material. The optimal mix proportion was obtained as fallow: the calcium formate was 0.64%, the water-binder ratio was 0.21 and the defoaming agent was 0.26%, with taking 1d, 3d, 28d compressive strength as the optimization objective. Calcium formate is highly significant for the early compressive strength of cement-based grouting materials with low water-binder ratio, while the water-binder ratio and defoaming agent are highly significant for that of the middle and late period. Calcium formate promotes the formation of CSH gel and $$\mathrm{Ca}{\left(\mathrm{OH}\right)}_{2}$$ Ca OH 2 crystallization in the early period, and the defoaming agent can effectively reduce macropores. The results can provide an optimization method for the mix proportion design of cement-based grouting material and a theoretical reference for its mechanical properties.
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Conference papers on the topic "Response Surface Methodology (RSM)"

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S, Gurumoorthy, Muthukumar Arunachalam, Thomas Oery, and Sundaravadivelu Mohan. "Automotive Wheel Metamodeling Using Response Surface Methodology (RSM) Technique." In WCX SAE World Congress Experience. 400 Commonwealth Drive, Warrendale, PA, United States: SAE International, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.4271/2020-01-1234.

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Said, Khairul Anwar Mohamad, Ibrahim Yakub, and Mohamed Afizal Mohamed Amin. "Overview of Response Surface Methodology (RSM) in Extraction Process." In Proceedings of the International Engineering Conference. Singapore: Research Publishing Services, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.3850/978-981-09-4587-9_p38.

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Ain, N., M. Fathullah, Z. Shayfull, S. M. Nasir, and M. H. M. Hazwan. "Minimising warpage on side arm using response surface methodology (RSM)." In 3RD ELECTRONIC AND GREEN MATERIALS INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE 2017 (EGM 2017). Author(s), 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.5002218.

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Kaul, Sudhir, Anoop K. Dhingra, and Timothy G. Hunter. "Response Surface Methodology Models for Engine Mount Optimization in Motorcycles." In ASME 2006 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. ASMEDC, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2006-14821.

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This paper presents Response Surface Methodology (RSM) modeling techniques to solve the engine mount optimization problem for motorcycle applications. A theoretical model that represents the structural dynamics of the engine mount system in motorcycles is first used to build the RSM model. The RSM model is then used to solve the engine mount optimization problem to enhance vibration isolation. This leads to a substantial reduction in computational effort and simplifies the governing model, yielding an input-output relationship between the variables of interest. Design of Experiments (DOE) techniques are used to build the RSM model from the theoretical model. Full factorial and fractional factorial formulations are used to construct the governing experiments. Normal probability plots are used to determine the statistical significance of the resulting coefficients. The statistically significant variables are then used to build the response surface. The design variables for the engine mount optimization problem include mount stiffness, position and orientation vectors. The influence of the orientation variables is highly non-linear and is difficult to model by using a response surface consisting of lower order terms only. Two separate algorithms are proposed to overcome this problem and the results from the RSM models are compared to those from the theoretical model.
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Sahu, Neelesh Ku, and A. B. Andhare. "Optimization of Surface Roughness in Turning of Ti-6Al-4V Using Response Surface Methodology and TLBO." In ASME 2015 International Design Engineering Technical Conferences and Computers and Information in Engineering Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/detc2015-47123.

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Surface roughness is an important surface integrity parameter for difficult to cut alloys such as Titanium alloys (Ti-6Al-4V). In the present work, initially a mathematical model is developed for predicting surface roughness for turning operation using Response Surface Methodology (RSM). Later, a recently developed advanced optimization algorithm named as Teaching Learning Based Optimization (TLBO) is used for further parameter optimization of the equation developed using RSM. The design of experiments was performed using central composite design (CCD). Analysis of variance (ANOVA) demonstrated the significant and non-significant parameters as well as validity of predicted model. RSM describes the effect of main and mixed (interaction) variables on the surface roughness of titanium alloys. RSM analysis over experimental results showed that surface roughness decreased as cutting speed increased whereas it increased with increase in feed rate. Depth of cut had no effect on surface roughness. By comparing the predicted and measured values of surface roughness the maximum error was found to be 7.447 %. It indicates that the developed model can be effectively used to predict the surface roughness. Further optimization of the roughness equation was carried out by TLBO method. It gave minimum surface roughness as 0.3120 μm at the cutting speed of 1704 RPM (171.217 m/min), feed rate of 55.6 mm/min (.033 mm/rev) and depth of cut of 0.7 mm. These results were confirmed by confirmation experiment and were better than that of RSM.
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Zhu, Changyun, and Guoliang Qin. "Design Technology of Centrifugal Fan Impeller Based on Response Surface Methodology." In ASME 2010 3rd Joint US-European Fluids Engineering Summer Meeting collocated with 8th International Conference on Nanochannels, Microchannels, and Minichannels. ASMEDC, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/fedsm-icnmm2010-30002.

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An optimization strategy called response surface methodology (RSM) is applied to a centrifugal fan impeller optimization design in this paper. RSM is used to generate an approximated model of objective function, for which a second-order polynomial function is chosen. The Design of experiment (DOE) technique coupled with CFD analysis is then ran to generate the database. The least-squares regression method (LS) is used to determine the coefficient of the RSM function. Finally, the Genetic Algorithms (GA) is applied to the objective function in order to obtain the optimal configuration. This paper also presents a solution to the problem of imprecise fitting of second-order RSM model by dividing the zone into several subzones which is proved to be effective in this paper. The optimization result shows that RSM is an effective and feasible optimization strategy for the centrifugal fan impeller design, and the complexity of the objective function and the overall optimization time could be significantly reduced.
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Asyirah, B. N., Z. Shayfull, S. M. Nasir, M. Fathullah, and M. M. Rashidi. "Warpage optimisation in injection moulding process using response surface methodology (RSM)." In 3RD ELECTRONIC AND GREEN MATERIALS INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE 2017 (EGM 2017). Author(s), 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.5002264.

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Zulhasif, Z., Z. Shayfull, S. M. Nasir, M. Fathullah, and M. H. M. Hazwan. "Warpage analysis on thin shell part using response surface methodology (RSM)." In 3RD ELECTRONIC AND GREEN MATERIALS INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE 2017 (EGM 2017). Author(s), 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.5002313.

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Arulmullai, R., S. M. Nasir, M. Fathullah, M. M. Rashidi, and N. Z. Noriman. "Warpage analysis on thin shell part using response surface methodology (RSM)." In GREEN DESIGN AND MANUFACTURE: ADVANCED AND EMERGING APPLICATIONS: Proceedings of the 4th International Conference on Green Design and Manufacture 2018. Author(s), 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.5066809.

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Sharma, Naveen, Vaibhav Sharma, and Andallib Tariq. "Performance Optimization of Trapezium Rib Parameters Using Response Surface Methodology." In ASME 2017 Gas Turbine India Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/gtindia2017-4881.

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In the present work, transient liquid crystal thermography (LCT) has been used for capturing the temperature field as well as the local heat transfer distribution inside a rectangular duct. Experiments have been carried out in an open loop airflow system at a Reynolds number (based on the channel hydraulic diameter) of 58850 and for rib height to channel hydraulic diameter ratio of 0.125. This investigation emphases headed for assessing the potential impact of design parameters such as chamfering angle and rib pitch to height ratio of the trapezium ribbed rectangular duct on the thermo-hydraulic performances, which forms the basis of analysis while using response surface methodology (RSM). The chamfering angle has been varied from 0 to 20° in a step of 5°, while the rib pitch to height ratio is varied from 8 to 12 in a step of 2. The quadratic model generated by RSM is used to predict the optimal performance parameters. The results show that different geometrical parameters have to be considered simultaneously in order to improve the performance of ribbed-duct. Eventually, based on this analysis, the optimum levels of design parameters for trapezium rib corresponding to the highest augmentation Nusselt number, the lowest friction factor, and the highest thermo-hydraulic performance have been determined. Finally, the desired correlations for all performance parameters have been developed using RSM. The comparison of predicted values with the experimental values has been carried out, which is found to be in harmony with the experimental values in the uncertainty range of ±5%., which are found to predict the performance parameters with reasonably good accuracy.
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Reports on the topic "Response Surface Methodology (RSM)"

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Carley, Kathleen M., Natalia Y. Kamneva, and Jeff Reminga. Response Surface Methodology. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, October 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada459032.

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Miller, Michael. Global Resource Management of Response Surface Methodology. Portland State University Library, January 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.15760/etd.1620.

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Romero, V. J., and S. D. Bankston. Finite-element/progressive-lattice-sampling response surface methodology and application to benchmark probability quantification problems. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), March 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/645581.

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Robinson, W. Evaluation of thin flexible pavements under simulated aircraft traffic. Engineer Research and Development Center (U.S.), December 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.21079/11681/39161.

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A full-scale airfield pavement test section was constructed and trafficked by the U.S. Army Engineer Research and Development Center (ERDC) to evaluate the performance of relatively thin airfield pavement structures. The test section consisted of 16 test items that included three asphalt pavement thicknesses and two different aggregate base courses. The test items were subjected to simulated aircraft traffic to evaluate their response and performance to realistic aircraft loads and to evaluate the effect of reductions in tire pressure on thin asphalt pavement. Rutting behavior, pavement cracking, instrumentation response, and falling weight deflectometer response were monitored at selected traffic intervals. The results of this study were used to extend existing Department of Defense pavement design and evaluation techniques to include the evaluation of airfield pavement sections that do not meet the current criteria for aggregate base quality and minimum asphalt concrete surface thickness. These performance data were used to develop new aggregate base failure design curves using existing stress-based design methodology.
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Wilson, D., Michael Shaw, Vladimir Ostashev, Michael Muhlestein, Ross Alter, Michelle Swearingen, and Sarah McComas. Numerical modeling of mesoscale infrasound propagation in the Arctic. Engineer Research and Development Center (U.S.), October 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.21079/11681/45788.

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The impacts of characteristic weather events and seasonal patterns on infrasound propagation in the Arctic region are simulated numerically. The methodology utilizes wide-angle parabolic equation methods for a windy atmosphere with inputs provided by radiosonde observations and a high-resolution reanalysis of Arctic weather. The calculations involve horizontal distances up to 200 km for which interactions with the troposphere and lower stratosphere dominate. Among the events examined are two sudden stratospheric warmings, which are found to weaken upward refraction by temperature gradients while creating strongly asymmetric refraction from disturbances to the circumpolar winds. Also examined are polar low events, which are found to enhance negative temperature gradients in the troposphere and thus lead to strong upward refraction. Smaller-scale and topographically driven phenomena, such as low-level jets, katabatic winds, and surface-based temperature inversions, are found to create frequent surface-based ducting out to 100 km. The simulations suggest that horizontal variations in the atmospheric profiles, in response to changing topography and surface property transitions, such as ice boundaries, play an important role in the propagation.
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Weeks and Dash Weeks. L52336 Weld Design Testing and Assessment Procedures for High-strength Pipelines Curved Wide Plate Tests. Chantilly, Virginia: Pipeline Research Council International, Inc. (PRCI), December 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.55274/r0010452.

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A variety of mechanical property tests are performed in the design, construction and maintenance phase of a pipeline. Most of the tests are performed by use of small-scale specimens with size typically in the range of a few inches to tens of inches (1 in = 25.4 mm). There are numerous test labs capable of performing most small-scale tests. These tests can be performed effectively under a variety of conditions, e.g., test temperature, strain rate, and loading configuration. More importantly, most routine small-scale tests are performed in accordance with national and international standards, ensuring the consistency of testing procedures. To confirm pipeline designs and validate material performance, it is desirable to test girth welds under realistic service conditions. Full-scale tests can incorporate certain realistic features that small-scale specimens cannot. However, these tests can be time-consuming and expensive to conduct. Very few labs can perform the tests, even with months of start-up and preparation time. There are no generally accepted, consistent test procedures among different test labs. The data acquisition and post-processing may differ from lab to lab, creating difficulties in data comparison. Full-scale tests can only be performed under selected conditions as a supplemental tool to the small-scale tests. The work described in this report focuses on the development of test procedures and instrumentation requirements for curved-wide-plate (CWP) tests. The results of this work can be used for: Developing a test methodology to measure the physical response of a finite-length surface-breaking flaw to axial loads applied to a girth welded line pipe section, Determining the appropriate instrumentation to fully characterize the global stress/strain response of the CWP specimen during loading, Evaluating the applicability of the test methodology for sub-ambient temperatures, and Developing a standardized test procedure for CWP testing with a wide range of test parameters.
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Upadhyaya, Shrini, Dan Wolf, William J. Chancellor, Itzhak Shmulevich, and Amos Hadas. Traction-Soil Compaction Tradeoffs as a Function of Dynamic Soil-Tire Interation Due to Varying Soil and Loading Conditions. United States Department of Agriculture, October 1995. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/1995.7612832.bard.

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The objectives of this study were to investigate soil-pneumatic tire interaction and develop traction-soil compaction prediction model. We have developed an inverse solution technique that employs a response surface methodology to determine engineering properties of soil in-situ. This technique is useful in obtaining actual properties of soil in-situ for use in traction and soil compaction studies rather than using the values obtained in the laboratory by employing remolded and/or disturbed soil samples. We have conducted extensive field tests i the U.S. to develop semi-empirical traction prediction equation for radial ply tires. A user friendly traction-soil compaction program was developed to predict tractive ability of radial ply tires using several different techniques and to estimate soil compaction induced by these tires. A traction prediction model that incorporates strain rate effects on the tractive ability of tires was developed in Israel. A mobile single wheel tester and an in-situ soil test device were developed i Israel to significantly enhance the ability of Israeli investigators to conduct traction-soil compaction research. This project has resulted in close cooperation between UCD, Technion, and ARO, which will be instrumental in future collaboration.
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Chalutz, Edo, Charles Wilson, Samir Droby, Victor Gaba, Clauzell Stevens, Robert Fluhr, and Y. Lu. Induction of Resistance to Postharvest Diseases and Extension of Shelf-Life of Fruits and Vegetables by Ultra-Violet Light. United States Department of Agriculture, February 1994. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/1994.7568093.bard.

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Following preliminary observations by one of the collaborating scientists on this project and the completion of a 1-year, BARD-supported feasibility study (IS-1908-90F), this 3-year BARD project has been executed. The main objectives of the research were to elucidate biochemical and pathological aspects of UV-induced resistance in fruits and vegetables, to characterize physical and biological variables of induced resistance and delay of ripening, and to explore the application of the treatment as a control practice of postharvest diseases and shelf-life extension of fruits and vegetables. Our findings, which are detailed in numerous joint publications, have shown that the effect of UV-C light on induction of resistance and delay of ripening is a general one and of wide oddurrence. Apart from surface sterilization of the commodity, the reduction of decay of different fungi has been associated with and induced resistance phenomenon which gradually builds up within 24 to 48 hours after the UV treatment and can be reversed by visible light. In citrus, induced resistance has been associated with increased activity of the enzymes phenylalanine ammonia-lyase and peroxidase, and with the levels of endglucanase and chitinase. In tomato, resistance was correlated with the production of high levels of tomatine. Our study of some molecular aspects of the induced resistance in grapefruit has revealed the induction of a cDNA which represents a gene encoding for an isoflavone reductase-like protein that, in legumes, has been associated with phytoalexin biosynthesis. This gene was cloned and sequenced. Delay of ripening was associated in tomato with inhibition of ethylene production, carotenoid synthesis, and chlorophyll degradation and with the presence of high levels of polyamines. In peach fruit epiphytic populations of a yeast increased following the UV treatment. Pilot-size treatment and packing lines were constructed in the US and Israel to test the application of the UV treatment on a semi-commercial scale. Although effective in reduction of decay and delay of ripening, a number of problems will have to be addressed before practical application of this methodology can be realized. The main issues are associated with the temporal and variable response to the treatment, and its relationship to the maturity and date of harvest of the commodity.
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Styling Parameter Optimization of the Type C Recreational Vehicle Air Drag. SAE International, September 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.4271/2021-01-5094.

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Recreational vehicles have a lot of potential consumers in China, especially the type C recreational vehicle is popular among consumers due to its advantages, prompting an increase in the production and sales volumes. The type C vehicle usually has a higher air drag than the common commercial vehicles due to its unique appearance. It can be reduced by optimizing the structural parameters, thus the energy consumed by the vehicle can be decreased. The external flow field of a recreational vehicle is analyzed by establishing its computational fluid dynamic (CFD) model. The characteristic of the RV’s external flow field is identified based on the simulation result. The approximation models of the vehicle roof parameters and air drag and vehicle volume are established by the response surface method (RSM). The vehicle roof parameters are optimized by multi-objective particle swarm optimization (MO-PSO). According to the comparison, the air drag is reduced by 2.89% and the vehicle volume is increased by 0.36%. For the RV, the proper geometry parameters can increase the inner space of the vehicle while reducing the air drag.
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